Chapter 50 Chapter Three Conquest of the Huns

In order to grasp the enemy's situation as soon as possible, Liu Bang, together with Chen Ping and Fan Kuai's vanguard army, went to Baideng Mountain, more than ten miles southeast of Pingcheng, to get a bird's-eye view.Mao Dun immediately mobilized more than 400,000 nomadic cavalry from various tribes of the Huns to surround Baideng Mountain.And dispatch a special detachment to cut off Pingcheng's rush to help. The Rise and Threat of the Huns After dealing with the distribution and rewards of the heroes, Liu Bang left Luoyang, re-entered Guanzhong, and returned to Liyang, the temporary capital of the Han Dynasty.

Liu Bang's family members are all here. In addition to visiting his wife and children, he also has to visit his father.During the struggle between Chu and Han, Liu Taigong suffered a lot. If Xiang Bo hadn't rescued him, he might have lost his life.Now that Liu Banggui is the emperor, there should be arrangements for the Taigong. Therefore, Liu Bang ordered the Taigong to be the Supreme Emperor. Visiting family members and honoring the prince are both relaxing and pleasant tasks, but at this time, Liu Bang's heart is not as calm as it seems on the surface. There is a dangerous and difficult job waiting for him to deal with urgently.

This is the threat of the alien race in the north - the Huns. Liu Bang moved Han Wangxin to Jinyang mainly because he expressed serious concern about the Huns' invasion of the south. The Xiongnu were originally a nomadic people in the north. At the end of the Warring States period, when the feudal lords of China were in full swing and had no time to look north, they gradually invaded the south, especially the north of Zhao State. The threat to the civilization of the Central Plains. After Qin Shihuang unified the world, he was busy with domestic governance and had no time to take care of border defense. The Xiongnu became more rampant and invaded the Beihe area several times. Qin Shihuang had to build the Great Wall to prevent it.

Beginning in the 33rd year of the First Emperor, General Meng Tian made several northern expeditions and recovered 44 counties in the south of Beihe. The Xiongnu were a little afraid of them and moved northward for more than ten years. It was not until the fall of the Qin Dynasty that the Huns invaded south again and crossed the Beihe River to harass the northern part of the Central Plains. At this time, the leader of the Xiongnu was a man named Touman Chanyu. Touman Chanyu had already appointed his eldest son, Modun, as the heir. After the death of Modun's mother, Touman established a new Yan family (queen).This Yan family gave birth to another young son. Touman loved his wife eagerly and wanted to have a young son, so he abolished Maodun's successor position.

At this time, in the east of the Xiongnu there was the Donghu Kingdom, and in the west there was the Da Yuezhi, both of which were very powerful and rivaled the Xiongnu. In order to maintain peaceful coexistence and develop the power to invade China in the south, the Xiongnu, Da Yuezhi, and Donghu signed a mutual defense treaty, and each of the three parties took the prince as a hostage. Therefore, Maodun was sent to the Da Yuezhi. But Touman didn't take Maodun's life seriously at all, and soon fell out with Da Yueshi again, and the two sides fought each other.Touman even led the cavalry to attack the Yuezhi.King Yueshi wanted to murder Maodu, but Maodu was good at communication and established a wide network of contacts, so he got the news in time.With the help of his friends, he stole the best horse from the Yuezhi Kingdom, fled all night, and returned to the Xiongnu Kingdom.

Mingdi experiment, Maodun killed his father and became self-reliant Mo Dun hated Touman's action of attacking Yuezhi regardless of his life. He believed that this was evidence that his father intended to kill him, and the direct reason was that his stepmother and younger brother intended to seize his inheritance rights. Modu vowed revenge to secure his inheritance. So Modu specially designed a bow and arrow that can make sound when shooting, called Mingdi, and trained his cavalry and archers. As long as Mingdi shoots wherever Mingdi shoots, no matter what the target is, all the riders must shoot with arrows. Those who cut off immediately.

After practicing several times, Mao Dun confirmed that everyone had no problem with the technique. Now it is necessary to test the mentality of the riding and shooting personnel to confirm whether all the riding and shooting personnel accept Ming Di's guidance completely and unconditionally. Mao Dun experimented with love birds, and sure enough, some cavalry and archers thought Mao Dun Di was wrong, hesitated to shoot, and were immediately punished by Mao Dun beheading.All riding and archery has strengthened their authority on Mingdi. Modu also used his beloved wife as an experiment. This was a more severe test. As a result, several cavalry and archers failed and Maodu killed them without hesitation. Everyone was more sure of Mingdi's authority and Maodu's determination.

In the end, Mouton used his father's favorite horse as an experiment, which was a disrespectful act, but no one dared to hesitate any longer. Mouton was convinced that the training had been a complete success. Soon, Mo Dun accompanied Tou Man Shanyu to hunt. Modu deliberately arranged for his men to gradually surround Touman. Seeing that the opportunity was not lost, Maodun shot at Touman with Ming Dy. The cavalry and archers on the left and right followed blindly, and Touman and his guards were all killed by random arrows. Unceasingly, Mao Dun rebelled with the troops directly under him, and punished his stepmother and younger brother. Many ministers and tribal elders who disobeyed were also wiped out immediately.

The land is the foundation of the country, how can I give it After Donghu State got the information that Maodun killed his father and became self-reliant, he deceived its lack of internal stability and wanted to take advantage of the Xiongnu State. The envoys sent by Donghu State asked Maodun: "Please give us Touman Shanyu's favorite Maxima!" Mao Dun asked the elders for their opinions, and everyone thought that this was a deliberate insult from Donghu State to Xin Chanyu, and they should be rejected. But Mouton said: "Don't fall out with your neighbors just because you love a horse."

So he promised to give the Chollima to King Donghu. Soon, King Donghu asked Mo Dun again: "Please send me a Shan Yu's Yan family (queen or concubine)!" Modu held another meeting of elders, and all the elders said angrily: "Donghu has no way, insults my lord, and dares to ask the Yan family, please attack him immediately." Mouton said: "Don't go to war with your neighbors just because you love a woman." So he sent another Yan family to King Donghu. Knowing the taste by eating marrow, King Donghu thought that Maodun was weak and rather arrogant, and then made another unreasonable request.

Between the borders of the Eastern Hu and the Xiongnu, there is an abandoned land that is uninhabited and extends for more than a thousand miles.According to tradition, the two countries set up watchtowers on one side as a buffer. King Donghu sent envoys to tell Modu: "Just give us this whole piece of abandoned land!" Mouton held another meeting of elders to discuss it. Seeing Mao Dun's repeated concessions, some elders said: "This is just an abandoned land. It doesn't matter whether you want it or not." Unexpectedly, after hearing this, Mao Dun lost his temper and said: "Land is the foundation of the country, how can you just give it to others?" Then he ordered that all those who advocated sending land to Donghu State were rebels, and all of them should be executed by beheading. Then, Modu ordered a general mobilization across the country, and the local tribal fighters assembled urgently: "If anyone is late or delays sending troops, the tribal leaders should be executed." Seeing Mao Dun's determination, everyone was also very vigilant, and soon hundreds of thousands of troops were assembled. Maodun ordered a surprise attack on Donghu. The king of Donghu never took Maodun seriously. Before he could prepare, he was beaten and defeated. King Donghu was killed and Donghu became a vassal of the Huns. When returning to the division, Mao Dun ordered to attack Dayuezhi in the west again. The Yuezhi army was defeated and retreated hundreds of miles to the west. Maodun went south to annex Loufan and Baiyang Henan King, and invaded the Yan State and the north of the Dai State.Soon, he completely regained the homeland of the Xiongnu captured by Mengtian, and confronted the Chinese army from Sai to Chaona and Fushi in Henan. At this time, when Liu Bang and Xiang Yu confronted Xingyang, China was tired of civil war and had no time to take care of the situation of border defense. This allowed Modu's power to expand rapidly, with more than 300,000 nomadic cavalry regiments under his control. are brought under its jurisdiction. When Han Wangxin entered Jinyang and established a defensive stronghold in Mayi, Maodun also led his army to the south to surround Han Wangxin's camp in Mayi. Maodu's cavalry regiment was so fast that Han Wangxin had no time to prepare, so he had to send envoys to negotiate with Maodu several times to seek a settlement. After Liu Bang heard the news that Mayi was in danger, he immediately sent troops to assist, so the information that Han Wangxin wanted to return to the Xiongnu was also intercepted by the Han reinforcements. Although it was impossible to judge whether Han Wangxin had the intention to surrender, Liu Bang's former line leader had two intentions and would endanger the country, so he formally sent an imperial envoy to criticize and warn him. Resist the outside world first, establish the dignity of the imperial power The serious threat of the Huns has forced Liu Bang to face it squarely. But the struggle between Chu and Han has just come to an end, and the authority of the dynasty has not yet been established. It is said that the internal affairs must be settled first before fighting against the outside world. How to effectively establish the emperor's authority is the top priority at present. Liu Bang was born in Chu, so he didn't pay much attention to red tape. In addition, the team he brought was not from high backgrounds, so direct feelings were more important than etiquette. After entering Guanzhong, Liu Bang's first task was to abolish Qin's harsh laws and regulations, and everything was simple. As far as management is concerned, although this is more able to stabilize the chaotic situation and make the newly affiliated groups feel more at ease, the etiquette in the palace is completely lacking because of this. In the battle for merit, those who were blushing and depressed in their hearts often used wine to drown their sorrows, yelled loudly when they were drunk, and even drew their swords to hit the pillars, making the court restless. Even Liu Bang, who has always been big and mellow, can't stand it gradually. He often avoids going to court intentionally or unintentionally, which affects the efficiency of the court's work. Xiao He then recommended Shusun Tong, a Confucian in the state of Lu, to plan the etiquette of the palace. Shusun Tong is a royal family of the Zhou Dynasty, originally surnamed Ji, whose ancestors were officials in Lu State for generations, and later called Shusun Tong. However, etiquette is also Liu Bang's least favorite thing. After meeting the emperor, Shu Suntong said: "Although Confucianism is less powerful in terms of advancement, it is only suitable for troubled times, but it is quite conducive to conservation and is of great help to the condensation of strength in peacetime. "With the permission of the emperor, I will recruit Confucian scholars from the state of Lu, and cooperate with my disciples to formulate court etiquette together." Liu Bang: "Will this be too difficult?" Shu Suntong: "The five emperors and the King of Xia, Shang and Zhou on Wednesday had very different rituals and music ceremonies. Due to the needs of the times and human conditions, there were simple ones and heavy ones. I thought it might be better to adopt simpler ancient ceremonies, which are different from Qin's. The red tape is a little different." Liu Bang: "You can try it, but try to keep it as simple as possible, and consider what I can do." Shusun Tong recruited more than 30 Confucian scholars from the State of Lu, together with several experienced court etiquette experts, plus hundreds of disciples, went west to Guanzhong, and first set up a camp in the wild to study the newly ordered court rituals. After more than a month, Shu Suntong reported to Liu Bang that he could watch the audition first. After Liu Bang finished reading it, he also practiced in person, and happily said to Shu Suntong: "This level, I can still accept." I am known today as the noble of the emperor Two months later, it happened to be the beginning of the new year (October, 7th year of Emperor Gaodi), and the newly built Changle Palace was also completed, and the feudal lords and ministers expanded the ceremony of congratulations. This is the best opportunity to try out the new orientation instrument. All the princes, ministers, and generals waited outside the palace gate first. The attendants of the palace will lead into the palace gates in sequence according to the pre-arranged positions, and arrange them on the east and west sides. The Langzhong and Zhonglang of the bodyguards are in charge of the imperial bodyguards. They are arranged in formations and stand in the middle of the court. They are fully armed and hold weapons. There are hundreds of people from the gate of the palace to the main hall of the emperor, and the atmosphere is serious. Heroes, princes, generals, and military officials line up in the west and face east. The civil servants are led by the prime minister, arranged in the east according to their official positions, facing west. Then it was announced that the emperor's chariot was leaving the house, and all the officials held their posts, sent the police, and led the princes and kings down to six hundred officials to congratulate them one by one.At this time, everyone was shocked by the solemnity of the etiquette. At the end of the court ceremony, there will be a banquet. According to the etiquette, the princes and officials should not drink until they are drunk. The princes and officials sit in the hall. After everyone drank nine cups, the attendant announced that they would stop drinking. At this time, the censor took the law as a judge, and if anyone acted improperly, he would order to leave. Monarchs and ministers drink all day long, and no one dares to be impolite and make a noise, which is completely different from the usual drinking and noise. Liu Bang was greatly moved, and the court said: "I didn't really know the dignity of being an emperor until today." So he paid homage to Shusun Tong, took charge of the rituals of the ancestral temple, and gave him five hundred catties of gold. Uncle Sun Tong once served the second emperor, and then defected to Xiang Liang, who returned to Xiang Yu after Xiang Liang died, and surrendered to Liu Bang after Liu Bang invaded Pengcheng. When Liu Bang was defeated and returned to the west, Shusun Tong still followed Liu Bang into Xingyang. Shusun usually wears Confucian clothes, which Liu Bang hates, but Shusun Tong wears Chu-made short clothes instead. Shu Suntong had more than a hundred disciples, but he never recommended him to Liu Bang. Every recruit he brought in was a bandit or a warrior.The disciples complained loudly behind their backs: "I have followed the teacher for several years, and now I finally work under the King of Han, but he never recommends disciples, and only recommends some cunning and ignorant people. I really don't know what this teacher does?" Shu Suntong was not angry at all when he heard it, he smiled and said: "The King of Han is fighting the world with all his might. Can you Confucian scholars really fight for him? Naturally, my first recommendation is those warriors who can cut the flag of the general. "In fact, you don't need to be discouraged, just wait patiently for some time! I will never forget you." After the first performance of court rites in Changle Palace, Shusun Tongjian said to Liu Bang: "The disciples have followed me for a long time and are quite familiar with the etiquette. Many of the ceremonies this time were designed by them. May Your Majesty grant them official positions." Liu Bangnai named all Confucian scholars Langguan, responsible for court etiquette. Shusuntong even distributed the five hundred catties of gold that Liu Bang gave to the Confucian scholars. The Confucian scholars expressed their appreciation to Shusuntong so far: The Royal Conquest, Liu Bang Modun Now that the imperial power has been established, Liu Bang must concentrate his strength to deal with Han Wangxin who colluded with the Huns to rebel, otherwise the dynasty's prestige will be lost. Liu Bang was preparing to go on a personal conquest, and with Fan Kuai's army as the vanguard, he went north to attack Han Wangxin's army. Han Wangxin relied on his bravery, and fought against Fan Kui in Tongda. Liu Bang personally went to the front to command. The morale of the Han army was strong, but the Han army lost. The Baitu people Man Qiuchen and Wang Huang, who originally belonged to the State of Zhao, supported Zhao Li, a descendant of the Zhao royal family, as king, and incorporated the remnant troops of Han Wangxin, and secretly joined forces with Han Wangxin and the Xiongnu to attack the expeditionary Han army. Mao Dun Shanyu ordered the left and right sages to lead more than 10,000 cavalry, stationed in the south of Guangwu, responded to Wang Huang's call, and attacked near Jinyang. Fan Kuai led an army to attack them fiercely, and the Xiongnu were defeated, but they soon regrouped.Fan Kuai ordered to attack from the north, but unexpectedly encountered a severe cold current, snowflakes fell like heavy rain, and the weather was so cold that the soldiers could not hold their weapons, so they ordered a truce and stationed in Jinyang. Liu Bang was also sitting in Jinyang, commanding the overall situation, and waiting for the temperature to rise before launching the Northern Expedition. Mao Dun also rushed to the front and stationed in Daigu. At this time, Liu Bang sent a scout horse to check the strength of Maodun. Mao Dun was vigilant and deliberately hid his strong men and fat cattle and horses, only showing some old and weak soldiers and thin animals. The intelligence personnel of the Han army thought that the Xiongnu were weak and vulnerable, so Liu Bang sent more than ten groups of people to spy on it carefully, but the information they got was the same. Liu Jing (Lou Jing) has been doing trade in the frontier for many years. He thinks he knows a lot about the Xiongnu, so he proposes that he personally go to the Maodun camp to find out the truth. Soon, the weather turned warmer, but Liu Jing has not returned yet. According to information, Mao Dun was afraid of the Han army going north, and intended to withdraw the camp. In the imperial military meeting, all the generals said that the Xiongnu could be attacked, and if they waited for Liu Jing to report back, they would lose the opportunity. Liu Bangnai personally led an army of 320,000 to the north, and when he arrived at Juzhu, an important military town in the north, he met Liu Jing who was returning quickly. Liu Jing advised Liu Bang: "The two countries are fighting each other. Normally, we should try our best to cover up our weaknesses and show our advantages. But when I went to the Maodun camp, I saw only old and weak soldiers. This must be the Huns deliberately exposing their shortcomings, and then ambushing us. So I judge that this is not an attack. During the time of the Huns." Liu Bang had no choice but to criticize Liu Jing and said: "You guys will rely on that mouth, and now you are talking nonsense, disturbing the morale of the army!" He ordered Liu Jing to be sent to Guangwu for imprisonment. Due to the large number of 300,000 troops, in order to facilitate the food supply, it must be divided into several roads to go north.Liu Bang ordered all the armies to assemble in Pingcheng, and then led the main force to rush northward. Liu Bang's main force had better road conditions and soon arrived in Pingcheng, waiting for the other legions to arrive before launching an attack on the Maodun camp. In fact, all the actions of the Han army are under the control of Mao Dun. In order to grasp the enemy's situation as soon as possible, Liu Bang, together with Chen Ping and Fan Kuai's vanguard army, went to Baideng Mountain, more than ten miles southeast of Pingcheng, to get a bird's-eye view. Mao Dun immediately mobilized more than 400,000 nomadic cavalry from various tribes of the Huns to surround Baideng Mountain.And dispatch a special detachment to cut off Pingcheng's rush to help. Although Lai Fankui's army fought desperately to defend, the Xiongnu army was unable to capture Baideng's defense stronghold, but the food they carried in the hasty march was limited. It didn't take long for Liu Bang's army to fall into the plight of running out of food. The peripheral troops were completely blocked, not to mention the logistics troops transporting food.The situation is in dire straits. Fortunately, Chen Ping was quick-witted, so he ordered the attendant painter to draw more than a dozen portraits of beautiful women with fine brushwork, and secretly sent someone to send them to Yan Shi, who was Maodun's favorite, and said to Yan Shi: "There are such beauties in the Han army. Now the emperor is under siege and is in danger. I will dedicate her to Shan Yu!" Fearing that beautiful women will compete for favor, the Yan family agreed to cooperate with the Han army. Yan Shi said to Mao Dun: When the two armies are fighting, the master and general should not be trapped, and it is not advisable to force them too hastily. " Earlier, Mao Dun made an appointment with Wang Huang and Zhao Li to block Liu Bang's army in Pingcheng, but Wang Huang and Zhao Li's army did not arrive for a long time.Mao Dun couldn't help suspecting that there was another conspiracy between them and the Han army, so he ordered to let go of a corner of the siege division, intending to lure the Han army to break out of the siege, and then wipe it out, so as to prevent the Han from combining internal and external attacks and causing unnecessary casualties to the Huns. At this time, there was heavy fog for several days, and the vision was poor. The Han envoys took the opportunity to break out of the encirclement secretly, and traveled between Yanshi, Pingcheng, and Baideng several times, but the Xiongnu encircling soldiers didn't realize it. Chen Ping thought that the opportunity was rare, so he ordered the crossbowmen to attack. Each crossbow used two arrows to shoot outwards, forming two lines of fire, guarding a safe passage, and letting Liu Bang rush out. The Xiongnu army was attacked by surprise in a foggy day, and they were eager to defend themselves, and finally allowed Liu Bang and his contingent to break out of the encirclement safely. Liu Bangyuan ordered to escape quickly, but Xia Houying, who was in charge of the army, ordered to drive slowly, because hearing in the fog is better than vision, and the sound of speeding will make it easier for the Huns to find their whereabouts. Due to the short distance, Liu Bang and his party arrived in Pingcheng very quickly, and the follow-up legions also arrived one after another, and the defense of Pingcheng was fully strengthened. Mao Dun judged that the enemy and ourselves were evenly matched, Liu Bang's fate was still there, and he was invulnerable, so he also ordered to withdraw his troops and return to the north. Insulting King Zhao lightly, planting the cause of chaos among princes After returning to Guangwu, Liu Bang immediately ordered Liu Jing to be pardoned. Liu Bang apologized to Liu Jing: "If you don't listen to your master, you will be trapped in Pingcheng." Nai granted Liu Jing two thousand households as the Marquis of Guannei, known as the Marquis of Jianxin. When he passed through Quni County in Zhongshan State in the south, he saw the beautiful mountains and rivers, and Liu Bang couldn't help but praise: "This place is really magnificent. I have been to many places in the world, and only here can compare with Luoyang!" In order to thank Chen Ping for his contribution to escape from danger, he named Chen Ping the Marquis of Qu Ni, enjoying all the food here. In the twelfth month, the army returning to the division passed through Zhao Guo.Zhang Ao, king of Zhao, was the son of Zhang Er, who married Princess Lu Yuan, so he was Liu Bang's son-in-law, and he performed the gift of son-in-law with special humility. Liu Bang's Northern Expedition failed, and he was always in a depressed mood. Seeing that Zhang Ao was his son-in-law, his attitude became more casual. In formal occasions, he often showed rude behavior unintentionally. Zhang Ao could tolerate Emperor Yuezhang's extravagant behavior, but Prime Minister Guan Gao of Zhao Guo and Minister Zhao Wu couldn't feel it. They thought Zhang Ao was too weak, so they strongly suggested: "Heroes in the world compete for the world together, and those who are capable will naturally become leaders. Today, the king serves the emperor with courtesy, but the emperor treats him rudely. We are willing to assassinate the emperor for the king, so that the king can become the leader of the world!" Zhang Ao was shocked when he heard this, and immediately bit his finger, and swore with his bloody finger: "Why do you say such things? My late father, Zhang Er, once perished and defected to the emperor. Thanks to the help of the emperor, we were able to revive our country of Zhao. This kind of kindness should always be remembered by future generations. Everything here belongs to the emperor." Gifts, you must never speak indiscriminately again! ” Guan Gao retreated to discuss and said: "It's our fault to say that. Our king is worthy of being an elder, and he doesn't want to betray the emperor's kindness, but we and the king have the righteousness of monarchs and ministers, and we must not let the king be humiliated for nothing. Since the emperor insults my king, we have the responsibility Why do you implicate the king when you assassinate him? If it succeeds, the result will of course belong to my king; Propagating imperial power, Xiaohe built Weiyang Palace Spring is here, the temperature has risen significantly, Mao Dun is ready to launch a large army to go south, and Fan Kui's army is on full alert, and the atmosphere is quite tense. The acting king Liu Xi couldn't bear the pressure, so he applied to relinquish the throne and return to Luoyang. Liu Bang had to change his title to Marquis of Heyang, and made his son Ruyi the acting king. In fact, Ruyi is too old to serve in Dai. Liu Bang's move is only to officially declare Dai as a military jurisdiction, which will be directly managed by the Fankui Army. Since there was no chance of winning, Liu Bang had no intention of confronting Maodun again, so he ordered Fan Kui to defend instead of attacking.Although the atmosphere on the front line was tense, it couldn't get hotter. In February, as the Weiyang Palace, the main hall of Chang'an City under construction by Xiao He, was nearly completed, Liu Bang re-entered Guanzhong to inspect the project. Weiyang Palace is located in the southwest corner of Chang'an City, with a perimeter of 28 li, standing side by side with Changle Palace in the southeast. Chang'an in the Western Han Dynasty was located in the northwest of today's Xi'an City, where the former Chang'an Old City was located. The palace faces south, but those who write letters, perform events, and have audiences all enter through the North Que, which is a kind of Guanmen, 30 Zhang high.Moreover, the emperor's imperial vehicles such as buses and Sima also stopped near Beique, so Beique became the main entrance. Only Dongque can contact the Prime Minister's Mansion. "The tower is named Xuanwu, and the east tower is named Canglong, both of which are extremely magnificent and gorgeous." The front hall (the location of the emperor's office), the arsenal (weapon storage room), and the Taicang (grain storage room) are all extremely luxurious. Liu Bang, who had just come back from the front line after suffering so much, saw it, and felt disapproving. He complained to Xiao He: "Several years of wars have affected production, and all the subjects have fallen into a miserable life. Although I have worked hard to manage, the success or failure is still unknown. Why did I spend so much money to build such a luxurious palace?" Xiao He calmly replied: "Because the world is uncertain and the imperial power is not stable, it is even more necessary to use palaces to symbolize authority." "The Son of Heaven takes the whole world as his home, and his ruling power is spread all over the world. If it is so magnificent, it cannot represent its dignity and strength! Moreover, it is best to determine the scale of the emperor's palace at the first time, so as to avoid future generations building more and disrespecting the ancestors. mentality." After hearing this, Liu Bang also felt that it made sense, so he happily accepted the plan of Weiyang Palace. 【Chen Wende Commentary】 Lao Tzu (Chapter 58 of the Tao Te Ching): "When the government is boring, the people are pure; Righteousness turns into wonder, and kindness turns back into demon. Man’s delusion lasts for a long time. It is the sage who is square but not cut, honest but not sloppy, straight but not wanton, and bright but not dazzling.” Those who rule the country advocate inaction, politics seems calm and lifeless, but the lives of the people are free and stable.The rulers want to achieve great things and seem to be full of vitality, but the lives of the people are turbulent instead. Therefore, disasters are often hidden in happiness, and there are disasters lurking behind happiness. Few people can see through this phenomenon, and the changes in it are not certain. Good soldiers can turn into strange soldiers at any time, and good deeds often hide evil.The world has been unable to see this truth clearly and has been obsessed with self-righteousness for a long, long time. Only a sage who understands Tao can understand this truth. He acts upright without hurting or accusing others; he is clean and quiet but does not make demands on others; Modesty and weakness, so although he has a radiant virtue, he can hide his edge and not deliberately show it to others. Mo Dun knows how to use this principle. He knows that there are big blind spots in human nature, whether it is dealing with his father's usurpation, giving and taking to Donghu King, and using the strategy of fighting Liu Bang for the first time. They all cleverly used this principle of interdependence between good and bad, so that they could easily win the victory in an unfavorable situation. However, in terms of technique, Mouton fully demonstrates deliberate creation rather than letting nature take its course, and it is a bit like pretending to be a pig and eating a tiger. It can be seen that he is very ambitious and eager to make a difference. From the perspective of management, Modu was successful. He achieved his goals several times with his ingenuity, and also made the Huns unprecedentedly strong. From a historical point of view, Maodun's excessive enthusiasm and ambition also formed the long-term fierce confrontation between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu Empire after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, which eventually resulted in the loss of both sides.