Chapter 16 Chapter 2 Zhang Han's Counterattack

Zhang Han worked tirelessly, leading the victorious army, and without a break, he directly attacked the few encircling army outside Xingyang City.Li Gui and others were flustered and rushed to the battle, but they were immediately defeated. Li Gui and his generals were all killed, and the siege of Xingyang was also relieved. The last general of the Qin Dynasty Zhang Han formed the Lishan people into the last defense force of the Qin Dynasty, with a total of 200,000 people. The first rebel army to approach Hangu Pass was Chen Sheng's main force under the command of Zhou Wen. Although the number is difficult to verify, there are hundreds of thousands of them.

The two former generals lack experience in actual command operations. Official Zhang Han worshiped the Shaofu, and he was originally the lowest-level finance and tax official among the Jiuqing.However, he belongs to the nobles of the Qin tribe, and has received strict martial arts training since he was a child. In addition, he has a careful mind. Judging from the results of organizing the Lishan people, Zhang Han does have quite good command and leadership skills. Zhou Wen is the staff officer in charge of divination and astronomy in Xiang Yan's army. Although he doesn't have the actual strength to fight on the spot, he is quite good at organizing and mobilizing troops. Coupled with the wisdom accumulated from years of military experience, he thinks he is Chen Sheng. The chief general in the lineup.

Although the Lishan people were criminals who worked hard, at least half of them were Qin tribes who had experienced many battles.In addition, Zhang Han is good at packaging and creating momentum. The uniform black military uniforms and all-black banners make them show a strong fighting spirit like steel.Although they were victims of political struggles, and they inevitably held resentment towards the royal family, their morale was high because they were able to fight to the death to defend their homeland. On the other hand, Zhou Wen’s army is mostly composed of opportunistic miscellaneous troops. Although they rebelled in order to survive, their early success made them more or less trapped in a conflicted mentality of pride and lack of confidence. The defenders retreated steadily, but what they faced next was a new force full of resentment and looking for a place to vent.

Once the two sides contact, the outcome will be determined. The victory was so smooth that Zhou Wen lost his due vigilance. Entering Hangu Pass means entering the flat Guanzhong Basin.Because Zhou Wen led a motley army from all over the country, it was difficult to command and dispatch; therefore, before attacking Xianyang, Zhou Wen intended to reorganize first, and got in touch with Chen Sheng's general headquarters, so he decided to camp near the pass.Due to the large number of people and the convenience of supplying food, the deployment of the camp is extremely wide. Zhang Han, who was originally a financial official, paid more attention to intelligence collection than ordinary generals. When he learned that Zhou Wen's army had dispersed their camps and temporarily rested after entering Hangu Pass, he immediately judged that Zhou Wen's army was difficult to command, and his vigilance was relaxed, so he ordered to form The elite assault army, led by himself, quickly attacked Zhou Wen's base camp.

Like a dark cloud descending from the sky, Zhang Lang's black flag and black shirt army created an overwhelming visual shocking effect.Zhou Wen's base camp army had no intention of fighting and fled one after another.Zhou Wen couldn't cope with this situation. Seeing that the general situation was not good, the old man himself first abandoned the army, fled out of the pass, and went straight to Cao Yang, only to barely hold his ground. The generals are separated, Chen Sheng's camp collapses When the news of the defeat of the main force came, there was an immediate change in the camp of the rebels, and the first ones who disobeyed Chen Sheng's leadership were Zhang Er and Chen Yu, who were the most respected and knowledgeable by Chen Sheng.

The two of them jointly persuaded Wuchen to establish himself as the king of Zhao, and made Chen Yu the general, Zhang Er the left prime minister, Shao Sao the right prime minister, and sent someone to report to Chen Sheng. Chen Shengzheng was terrified by the collapse of Zhou Wen's main force, and didn't know what to do. However, he received an official document from a military official to establish himself as the king of Zhao. Lord Fang of the Zhu Kingdom had a good relationship with his military officials, so he advised him: "The Qin imperial family is still alive, but they killed military officials and other family members. Isn't there another enemy? Why don't we send special envoys to congratulate them first, so that they can stay in our camp, and order them to send troops westward to attack Xianyang, so as to To make up for the gap left by Zhou Wen's defeat."

Chen Sheng felt that it made sense, so according to Mr. Fang's suggestion, he put Wuchen and other family members under house arrest in the palace, and made Zhang Er's son Zhang Ao the Lord of Chengdu, sent envoys to the north to congratulate Wuchen on his ascension to the throne of Zhao, and ordered them to send troops to attack Qin. Zhang Er and Chen Yu said to Wuchen: "It is not King Chen's intention that we establish ourselves as the King of Zhao. Today, the villain envoy congratulates us and asks us to send troops to attack Qin. If we are lucky enough to defeat the Qin royal family, King Chen will send troops to deal with us, so there is no need to follow his command to fight against the Qin army. How about going north to attack Yan, Dai and other countries, and conquering Hanoi in the south to expand our territory? They have to rely on us even more, and Zhao Guo can take advantage of the confrontation between Qin and Chu to establish its own foundation and gain aspirations for the world."

The military minister thought it was reasonable, so he pretended to agree to the emissary, but he kept delaying and refused to send troops to attack Qin. Instead, he ordered Han Guang to go north to manage Yan, Li Liang to attack Changshan (Dai), and Zhang Wei to manage Shangdang, and to expand Zhao north and south. The land of the country. Soon, Tian Dan, a native of Dicheng, also proclaimed himself king in Qi. Tian Dan belonged to the original Qi royal family, and the Tian clan usurped the Jiang clan to become the king of Qi in the early Warring States period. There were many outstanding talents in the clan, especially Tian Rong and Tian Heng, Tian Dan's cousins, both of whom were wealthy contemporary families.After the Qi Dynasty was destroyed, the Tian Rong brothers hid among the people. Because of their chivalrous and righteous personality, they were supported by the clan elders and children, and their reputation was even higher than that of Tian Dan. However, limited to clan ethics, the two brothers still expressed their support for Tian Dan.

Chen Sheng's general Zhou Shi managed to conquer the land of Wei, and he would go north to Dicheng. Tian Dan pretended to be a slave and was punished by beheading. According to the law, he must first report to the city general. He and several young disciples of the Tian family held a dagger on his body, bound his slaves, and asked to see the city general.The city will not doubt that there is him, so he will meet him.Tian Dan took the opportunity to lead his children to kill the city generals, and announced: "The princes from all over the country have turned against Qin and established themselves. Qi is the oldest country, and it should be restored as soon as possible. I, Tian Dan, is a descendant of the Tian family, and I should succeed as king."

Tian Dan proclaimed himself King of Qi, and sent troops to attack Zhou Shi, but Zhou Shi was invincible and retreated to Wei.With the help of Tian Rong's brothers, Tian Dan explored to the east, and then took control of most of the former Qi State. Han Guang, general of the Ministry of Military Affairs, manages the northernmost Yandi. Because of the rise of princes from all over the country, the heroes of Yandi also want to make Han Guang the King of Yan. Han Guang politely refused: "I still have my mother in Zhao State, and I don't want to make King Zhao suspicious, so I can't stand on my own."

Yandi Haojie said: "Zhao State is threatened by Qin State in the west, and Chu State is eyeing us in the south. Its power is no longer able to interfere with us, and with the strength of King Zhang Chu, he dare not harm King Zhao and the families of the generals. How could Zhao Lan kill the generals? Where's the mother?" Han Guang also thought it was reasonable, so he established himself as King of Yan. Within a few months, Zhao Wang's military officials sent Han Guang's mother and family back to Yan to make Han Guang a good friend. But soon Zhao Wang, Zhang Er, Chen Yu and others secretly went north to spy on the country of Yan. Zhao Wang himself led a few cronies to explore through the small road, and encountered the guarding Yan army, and captured Yan generals to Chen Yu and Zhang Er. Threatening, demanding to cede the land in exchange for King Zhao, or kill him. The cronies of King Zhao secretly sneaked into the base camp of Yan State and said to the guard: "Do you know what Zhang Er and Chen Yu most hope to happen?" General Yan said: "Of course I am in a hurry to return to King Zhao!" Zhao Wang's confidant laughed and said: "The general obviously failed to see through the ambitions of the two. The military ministers, Zhang Er and Chen Yuyuan are both subordinates of King Zhang Chu. They jointly founded the State of Zhao and occupied more than a dozen cities. Of course, the two of them would also like to have the opportunity to go south. King, how can you be willing to submit to military officials and be a general for the rest of your life? . "When the Zhao Kingdom was first established, in order to stabilize the morale of the army and appease the local people, the two of them first supported the military ministers as the king of Zhao according to their official positions. Now that the Zhao Kingdom is basically stable, Zhang Er and Chen Yu have long wanted to divide Zhao and establish themselves as kings. ! "The general is now arresting the king of Zhao, but he is threatening the two of them. Instead, it is exactly what they want. What they want most is for the general to kill the king of Zhao and let the two of them divide Zhao Zili. "As long as there is a chance to become king, with the talents of the two of them, they will be able to integrate the power of Zhao State, and then attack Yan State in the name of revenge for the former king. Since the Zhao people have the humiliation of being killed by the king, they will go all out. Threatening the survival of the Yan Kingdom!" General Yan understood, and immediately released Zhao Wang Wuchen, and his cronies escorted him back to Zhao State. Zhou Shi retreated from Dicheng to the land of Wei, and wanted to make Wei Jiu, the son of the former Wei king's family, Ningling Lord, as king.But because Wei Jiu was still in Chen State, he belonged to Zhang Chu King Chen Sheng's sphere of influence, so he couldn't get away and return to Wei.The elders of the state of Wei and the nobles wanted to jointly support Zhou Shi as the king of Wei.Zhou Shi politely declined: "When the world is in turmoil, the integrity of loyal ministers can be seen most. Today, all regions in the world have rebelled against Qin to restore their independence. It is meaningful to establish Wei Wang should be the descendants of the original Wei royal family." The Anti-Qin Heroes Are Dead End When the princes from all over the country recovered, Zhang Han launched another attack. His primary target is still Chen Sheng's legion. Due to the smooth progress in the early stage, Chen Sheng's territory and soldiers expanded a lot, but it also exposed Chen Sheng's shortcomings of not being good at command and leadership. Although Zhou Wen, the military commander he relied on the most, was able to take advantage of the momentum to attack Hangu Pass, he was defeated when he encountered Zhang Han's Lishan Army, which fully demonstrated the fragility of this irregular and miscellaneous army. Zhou Wen couldn't even restrain the defeated army at all, so he had to flee to Caoyang in Henan Province in one breath, and barely stabilized his position. He re-arranged the defense line and finally held it for more than two months. The army blocked it. Zhang Han had no choice but to lead the main force to attack. Zhou Wen had lost confidence and was expected to be unable to defend, so he took the initiative to retreat to Mianchi again.Seeing that Zhou Wen fled without a fight, Zhang Han immediately led his troops to chase him for more than 10 days.The retreating Zhang Chu army was caught up by Zhang Han, and immediately launched a fierce attack. Zhang Chu army collapsed, Zhou Wen killed himself in despair, and all the remnants surrendered. Chen Sheng's main force was accidentally wiped out quickly. The room leak happened to rain overnight, and another main force was also destroyed in the internal struggle. Wu Guang, who started a business with Chen Sheng, has always been more popular than Chen Sheng in the army. Although Wu Guang is loyal and respectful, Chen Sheng, who is suspicious, becomes more and more uneasy. When Wu Guang was ordered to lead the main force to attack the granary Xingyang, Chen Sheng specially sent his trusted general Tian Zang to follow the army secretly to monitor Wu Guang.The defender of Xingyang, Li You, the son of Li Si, the Prime Minister of the Qin Dynasty, was full of strategy and sense of responsibility. In addition, Wu Guang lacked experience in commanding an army. After the Zhou Wen Army, the main force of King Zhang Chu, was disintegrated, Chen Sheng and the generals of the Zhang Chu Army were panicked, and Wu Guang had a large army and no performance. Self-preservation. In fact, Wu Guang's generals were also terrified when they received the news of Zhou Wen's defeat.Facing a small number of city soldiers, Wu Guang seemed incapable of dealing with it. If Zhang Han attacked from inside and outside, he would be destroyed. Under the suggestion of Chen Sheng, Tian Zang took the opportunity to encourage the generals to say: "Zhou Wen's main force has been defeated. The Qin army will come here sooner or later. We have been besieging Xingyang City for a long time. The Qin army will attack and attack from inside and outside. Our army will be defeated. It is better to retain a small number of troops to defend Xingyang, and the army will take the initiative. If you challenge the Qin army, at least you won't sit still and get the chance to attack. Unfortunately, the false king (Wu Guang) is arrogant and has no commanding combat ability, so he is not enough to deal with him. If you don't kill him, I'm afraid it will happen. will fail." Tian Zangnai falsely passed on Chen Sheng's military order, assaulted Wu Guangguang's camp, executed Wu Guang, and sent someone to dedicate his head to Chen Sheng.However, Chen Sheng also expressed his acquiescence, and sent an envoy to grant Tian Zang the title of Chu Ling Yin, thinking that he would lead the army in place of Wu Guang and prepare to attack Zhang Han today. Tian Zang sent Li Gui and others to stay and continue to encircle Xingyang, and led his army northward to fight in the northwest at Aocang and the reinforcements from Zhanghan. Zhang Han learned from the intelligence that the Xingyang siege army was changing commanders before the formation, and immediately led the vanguard to rush southward. Just as Tian Zang's army entered Aocang, Zhang Chu's army had not yet lined up, so Zhang Han launched a fierce attack.As a result, Tian Zang was caught off guard, the base camp was defeated, and Tian Zang himself was assassinated in the camp. Although Zhang Chu's army had a large number of people, they were leaderless and immediately dispersed everywhere. Zhang Han worked tirelessly, led the victorious army, and launched an attack on the few encircling army outside Xingyang without rest. Also get a clearance. At this time, Chen Sheng was still guarding Chencheng and did not dare to move, he seemed to have lost his sense of whether to advance or retreat.In the north of Chencheng, there are still two small anti-Qin forces. One is Deng Shuoqi, a native of Yangcheng, who fought in Tan County, and the other is Wu Fengju, a native of Qi, who fought in Xucheng. The six-month dream of anti-Qin kings In fact, when Chen Sheng captured Chencheng and proclaimed himself the king of Zhang Chu, due to the rapid expansion of his power, he had already shown his weakness of lack of leadership ability. The more people who belong to it, the more people must be provided with the necessities of life, and their work must be arranged.Chen Sheng seems to lack this boldness, he is restless due to the increasing pressure. Especially the attack on the granary Xingyang was unfavorable, which made Chen Sheng helpless when the existing food shortage crisis occurred, and began to take unscrupulous self-protection behaviors. Coupled with the fact that the standard of living has improved too much and the enjoyment of too much affluence has corroded the ambition of starting a business, he has become more and more unable to bear danger and pain. A few months after Chen Sheng established himself as the king of Zhang Chu, many friends who were tenant farmers with him in the early years came to Chencheng and went directly to the palace to express their desire to see Chen Sheng's gatekeeper and strictly refused to accept him, and arrested him. Although Chen Sheng's old friends were released, they were still kicked out. The friend was not reconciled, but waited for Chen Sheng outside the mansion.A few days later, when Chen Sheng went out to inspect, his friends immediately blocked the way and called him by his name, "Chen She. Chen Sheng was amazed at him, and he was an old friend, so he summoned him and carried him into the palace." Seeing the magnificence of the palace, my friend couldn't help saying: "Chen She, you are the king today, this place is so gorgeous, it's really enviable!" The friend had been in and out of the palace many times, and became acquainted with the officials, so he didn't shy away from talking about the sad things that Chen Sheng didn't want to be known when he was young. Left and right close immediately warned Chen Sheng: "Your friend is stupid and ignorant, talking nonsense, for the sake of my king's majesty, I can't spare him." In a rage, Chen Sheng ordered the friend to be beheaded. Seeing Chen Sheng's old friends, they were all chilled and left one after another in secret, causing the loss of most of the original main team in an instant. From then on, the cronies who stayed by Chen Sheng's side were only the "flattering generals" who severely abused the bureau and liked to observe. Among them, Zhu Fanggong was in the middle, and Hu Wu was in charge, and the central control was stationed in the The generals in various places who did not abide by the king's order were immediately attacked and punished. The generals gradually separated, and only Chen Sheng and a few cronies still thought that their prestige had been established, and they were still complacent." Qin Jia from Chen and Zhu Jishi from Fuli raised troops to besiege Tancheng, which was guarded by Donghai County. They also invited Chen Sheng to send troops to help. Unwilling to be restrained by him, he established himself as the great Sima, and under the guise of Chen Sheng's order, killed Wu Pingjun in a surprise attack, and became an independent "entity" ever since. There were many incidents like this, and Chen Sheng's originally loose organization immediately collapsed. Only the relative troops near Chencheng remained in the camp, and even many legions of the original lineage also declared independence. On the other hand, in order to strengthen Zhang Han's "Lishanzhong" army, the central government of the Qin Dynasty sent additional chiefs Shi Sima Xin and Dong Yi to lead their own army to assist Zhang Han in order to speed up the attack. Everyone betrayed their relatives, Chen Sheng collapsed and died Chen Sheng issued an order to ask the legions from all over the country to serve the master urgently, but there was no response. Panicked, Chen Sheng had to lead a small number of directly subordinate legions to flee Chencheng and transfer to Ruyin. Zhang Han took advantage of the situation to attack, and then broke the army of Fang Jun of the Zhu Kingdom, and Fang Jun died in battle.The defensive general Zhang He's army to the west of Chencheng fought hard to stop the Qin army. The two sides fought a small battle, and Chen Sheng went to supervise the army in person; unfortunately, they were defeated again, Zhang He died in battle, and Chen Sheng fled. Ruyin couldn't hold it anymore, Chen Sheng fled to Xiachengfu (now Shi, Anhui). At that time, there was no food for the soldiers, and all the soldiers were starving. Chen Sheng, who could not provide food, had lost his qualifications to be a leader. The outskirts of the base camp were crowded with stragglers demanding food, and even many generals took the lead in disobedience. Chen Sheng hid in the tent and dared not come out, and even the personal guards were unstable. "Just kill Chen Sheng and surrender to the Qin army!" The atmosphere of mutiny was getting stronger and stronger, Chen Sheng panicked, and hurriedly ordered a carriage to prepare to escape. Unexpectedly, Zhuang Jia, who had always been driving the carriage for Chen Sheng, took advantage of the momentum and charged at him, drew a sharp knife and stabbed Chen Sheng in the abdomen. The first level, leading a small number of troops, surrendered to the Qin army. Chen Sheng's remnant troops also collapsed. The life span of Zhang Chu Kingdom is only more than 6 months. However, Chen Sheng's confidant general, Lu Chen, was guarding the Runan area at that time. When he received bad news, he raised an incident in Xinyang City. Determined to continue Chen Sheng's last will, and immediately attack Chen Cheng." In order to quickly quell the rebels everywhere, Zhang Han ordered Zhuang Jia's troops to defend Chencheng, while himself, Sima Xin and Dong Yi continued to march southeast and northeast separately. Soon Lu Chen's cangtou army quickly broke through Chencheng, beheaded Zhuang Jia, avenged Chen Sheng, and established the State of Chu in Chencheng. When Chen Sheng was killed, many subordinates still regarded him as the first person to fight against Qin Dynasty, so they buried his body in Dangdi in recognition of his bravery. After Liu Bang succeeded, he visited Dangdi and used Chen Sheng's uprising as his first contribution to resisting Qin Dynasty. Therefore, he paid homage to his tomb with the ceremony of a prince, and placed 30 families next to his tomb, and was responsible for cleaning it.When Sima Qian compiled "Historical Records", this traditional ceremony still existed, so Sima Qian also incorporated Chen Sheng into "the same family as princes and princes." After Chen Sheng's death, the anti-Qin rebel army in the Yellow River Basin suffered fatal blows one after another. Song Liu, a native of Zhidi, was ordered by Chen Sheng to pass through Wuguan and occupied Nanyang.After receiving the news of Chen Sheng's death, he withdrew from Nanyang immediately, but he was still chasing after the Qin army in Wuguan, and his troops were defeated.As a result, Song Liu surrendered to Zhang Han and was sent to Xianyang, where he was still tortured by chariots. At this time, the state of Zhao also changed. The Li Liang army of the state of Zhao went through Changshan under the order of the king of Zhao. Sticking to Jingxing, not to advance, but determined to return to Handan, the capital of Zhao State, to ask for reinforcements. When Li Liang arrived in Handan, it happened that Zhao Wang's sister was returning from a banquet. There were more than a hundred riders in the team.Zhao Wang's sister was drunk, so she didn't find out that she was a general of the army, but she was also greeted.Li found out that it was Sister Wang and not Zhao Wang, and he was deeply ashamed of his behavior, and even held a grudge against Sister Wang's rudeness. Coincidentally, the guard of Jingxing of the Qin Kingdom used the name of the second emperor Hu Hai to recruit Li Liang, and Li Liang was quite moved. Li Liang's subordinates urged his troops to rebel against Zhao. Li Liang took advantage of the situation to chase and kill Zhao Wang's sister, and even continued to attack Handan with his troops.The guards of Zhao State thought they were their own and easily let them go. Li Liangnai attacked the palace, but the military officials were unprepared and were killed. Shao Sao, who was in charge of protecting the palace, was also martyred. Chen Yu and Zhang Er received an urgent report from the cronies in the palace and judged that it was impossible to do anything, so they led a few cronies to escape from Handan in a haste, and Zhao Guo was then controlled by Li Liang. Soon after Chen Sheng's death, Chen Yu and Zhang Ernai united Zhao's troops scattered in various places to counterattack Handan. In order to re-establish the State of Zhao, Zhang Er and Chen Yu discussed that they should no longer use outsiders as kings, but should try to restore the Zhao royal family before unification, so they sent people to look for the descendants of the original Zhao royal family among the people of Zhao State, and soon found a man named Zhao. A descendant of Zhao Xie.As the Handan area was still unstable, Zhang Er and Chen Yu were in Xindu and supported Zhao Xie as King Zhao. Heroes rise up, fight against Qin and win In order to strengthen his own power, Qin Jia sent his envoy Gongsun Qing to Qi to persuade the king of Qi to send troops together. However, the king of Qi thought that Chen Sheng had already been defeated, and among the princes, Qi State had the highest reputation and strength. If Chu State wanted to establish a new king, it should obtain the consent of Qi State. Gongsun Qing was furious when he heard the words, and protested: "When the state of Qi established its king, it never obtained the consent of the state of Chu. Why did the state of Chu need to consult the king of Qi? Besides, everyone in the world knows that the state of Chu was the first to revolt against Qin, so it should be the leader of the rebel army in the world." Tian Dan was also furious, and ordered Gongsun Qing to be killed, and the relationship between Qi and Chu was broken. Seeing that Chen Cheng had gained but was lost again, Zhang Han divided some of his troops and attacked Chen Cheng from the left and right. Lu Chen was invincible, so he abandoned the city and went south. With Ying Bu's support, Lu Chen once again swung his troops northward, and fought a decisive battle with the left and right captains of the Qin army at Qingbo, winning a complete victory.So Chencheng was recovered, and it was still the base of Chu State. Yingbu, formerly known as Yingbu, was born in Liucheng, Lujiang.When he was young, a fortune-teller saw him fierce and bold, so he told his fortune for him, predicting that he would be punished by tattooing (ink tattooed on his face) for breaking the law, but after this catastrophe, he would be more likely to become famous, and Will be crowned king, the future is limitless. Yingbo was therefore very proud of his "fate. Later, he committed a felony and was sentenced to tattooing, and was sent to a labor camp in Lishanling." Yingbu, who was in the labor camp, was not discouraged at all. Instead, he continued to comfort and encourage the laborers who were tortured together.Because of his positive and forthright personality, and his willingness to sacrifice for others, he soon became the boss of criminals in hard labor. Everyone honored him as "Tattoo", and this nickname gradually replaced his real name.Therefore, among the tens of thousands of "Lishan people", Yingbu's name is known to everyone. With their fame and subordinates increasing, Yingbu and several stronger partners escaped from the labor camp in Lishanling with everyone's assistance, and together they started a water pirate business on the bank of the Yangtze River. title." Although Ying Bu was born as a commoner, he has a majestic figure, a strong body, and a bold and unrestrained personality. He is quite strategic, and he is also a natural leader.Although Wu Rui, the magistrate of Poyang County, is an official of the imperial court, he has always cared about the sufferings of the people and is good at making friends with local leaders and heroes of the rivers and lakes. He is known as the "Fan Jun".Ying Busu admired his name, and led thousands of disciples to join him.Wu Rui admired the talent of Yingbu, so he specially married his daughter to him, and supported his troops, went north to attack the Qin army, and became an independent rebel army. After Chen Sheng's death, King Jingju of Chu became more and more famous, and Liu Bang, who rebelled in Feng County, also led his people to join him. After Liu Bang set up troops in Peijun, he led Xiao He and other cronies to look for food everywhere to maintain the long-term survival of the army.He handed over Fengyi to Yong Chi, a fellow countryman, who had been familiar with Liu Bang since he was a child, and his status was higher than that of Liu Bang, so he really couldn't be willing to make a living in the hands of this "Liu Ji".It just so happened that General Wei led his army southward through Luepei County and Feng County in the same city, and Yong Chi took the opportunity to raise his troops to surrender to Wei.Liu Bang was shocked when he heard this, and immediately led an army to counterattack, but Yongchi closed the city and stood firm, Liu Bang couldn't enter, and became a wandering army without a base. Planning master, bold Zhang Liang Zifang Zhang Liang was a Korean nobleman among the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period. His grandfather Zhang Kaidi was the prime minister of Han Zhaohou, Han Xuanhui and Han Xiangai, and his father Zhang Ping was the prime minister of Han Xiangli and Han Mourhui. In the 23rd year of King Hui, Zhang Ping died, and 20 years after his death, South Korea was destroyed by Qin. When Zhang Ping died, Zhang Liang was too young, so he was not an official in the court. When he was an adult, Korean politics had fallen into chaos and existed in name only, so Zhang Liang never had the opportunity to serve the country. "Historical Records" specifically describes that according to Zhang Liang's personality and future achievements, Sima Qian originally "thought that he was tall and magnificent, but when he saw her picture, she looked like a good girl, and felt that it is really impossible to judge a person by appearance." That is to say, Zhang Liang's personality is bold, bold, careful, and full of strategy, just like the "great man" in the general impression, but until he saw his portrait, he was unexpectedly petite and handsome, like a pitiful "little beauty", which made Sima Qian Everyone was very puzzled. However, Zhang Liang was very courageous, impulsive, and dared to act. When South Korea was destroyed by Qin, Zhang Liang already had the power in the family, and there were more than 300 family members alone. However, he swore to avenge South Korea with his loyalty. To capture the thief, capture the king first, intending to directly assassinate Qin Shihuang, the supreme commander. This plan is not only bold, but also very difficult.Zhang Liangnai spent all his wealth and sought out brave warriors with high skills.At this time, his younger brother died of illness, but Zhang Liang devoted himself to the assassination work, and had no time to mourn. He didn't even have time to prepare for the funeral, so he just buried it hastily. In order not to reveal the conspiracy, Zhang Liang looked for help in the east, all the way to Qidi, where the information is more developed, but still found nothing. The chief of the tribe, Cang Haijun, specializes in teaching all kinds of strange martial arts, and there are so many masters under his command, so he went to see him alone without hesitation and long journeys. Cang Haijun was deeply moved by his sincerity, so he recommended a super strong man to Zhang Liang.This wrestler is not only majestic in stature, but also good at manipulating 120-jin heavy iron vertebrae, and can fly to any target at a long distance.This is the most suitable method for assassinating Qin Shihuang, who has many guards. The strong man assassinated the king of Qin, and spread his reputation Although they don't understand the language, their hearts are connected. Therefore, Zhang Liang is responsible for sending people to collect the necessary information, and the two of them will conduct detailed sand table deduction, design various methods, and filter the possibility of success one by one. Finally, they found Qin Shihuang's second east tour opportunity. Since the East Tour team is very long and the vehicles move slowly, it is a good opportunity to fly with iron cones.They scouted Shihuang's journey carefully, and finally selected a place called Bolangsha. "Historical Records" records: "In the 29th year, the first emperor traveled to the east and went to Yangwu Bolangsha. He was frightened by bandits and asked for help. He ordered the world to search for 10 days." Bolangsha is located in the south of Yangwu County in today's Henan Province. It is a beach made of sand from the Yellow River. There are few people. When you look over it, the beach is like continuous waves and the terrain is undulating. . This was a foolproof plan, but the security system established by Wei Liao for Qin Shihuang equipped many auxiliary vehicles in the patrol convoy, all of which were substitutes for the first emperor. Due to the long convoy, except for a few cronies, sometimes even It was not easy for Li Si and other important officials to determine which car Qin Shihuang was in. Zhang Liang naturally also painstakingly collected information on the location of Qin Shihuang's real imperial chariot, but the Qin imperial family's guard system was very strict, and it was difficult for Zhang Liang to get correct information, so he could only guess and judge based on the situation. The iron cone flew out from a distance of more than a hundred feet and hit the target correctly, but it was only a secondary vehicle. Wei Liao's "shadow warrior strategy successfully saved Qin Shihuang's life." Zhang Liang naturally didn't know that it was the auxiliary vehicle, so he and Hercules fled separately according to the plan.The Hercules was tall and tall, so he was easily spotted. Fortunately, because he could not speak the language, the intelligence personnel of the Qin imperial family couldn't find out why, so they had to be sentenced to death.But no one could have imagined that this petite woman-like little man was actually the mastermind of this big conspiracy, so Zhang Liang was able to escape the danger quickly. On the way, Zhang Liang found out the news of the failed murder and the martyrdom of Hercules. Although he was full of grief, he couldn't use his strength in the short term. Qin Shihuang was naturally furious, and he ordered the national spy network to arrest Zhang Liang. However, Zhang Liang hadn’t seen many people who had actually seen him, and it was even more difficult to imagine his appearance. Still out of danger. Encounter Huang Shigong by chance, learn Taigong's art of war hard In order to get more information, Zhang Liang wandered the streets all day long, not paying attention to the person he was looking for. Fortunately, his inconspicuous appearance did not make people suspicious. But there was one person who noticed him in particular. It was an old man who looked like a beggar and a god. He sat on the bridge all day looking around and looked around. His rich experience in reading people quickly saw that Zhang Liang was not an ordinary person. One day, he deliberately wanted to try Zhang Liang. When Zhang Liang walked towards the bridge, the old man suddenly bent down, took off his shoes, threw them down the bridge, then turned around and called out to Zhang Liang: "Young man, help me pick up my shoes!" Zhang Liang was taken aback for a moment, but being very curious, he quickly suppressed his displeasure, and since he had nothing to do anyway, he came to see what this troublesome old man was up to. So he turned back and got off the bridge, picked up the shoes, and handed them back to the old man. "Put my shoes on for me!" Although he was a little annoyed in his heart, but since he had come, he had an unrestrained and unrestrained personality. He knelt down and put on the shoes for the old man deliberately and respectfully. Seeing Zhang Liang's behavior, the old man seemed very satisfied and left with a big laugh.Zhang Liang was startled by him instead, he didn't know what to do for a while, so he had to watch him leave. The old man walked for about a mile, looked back at Zhang Liang, walked back again, and said to Zhang Liang: "Children can be taught, five days later, at dawn, meet me at this place!" Although Zhang Liang was confused, driven by curiosity, he still said respectfully: "Ok!" Five days later, at dawn, Zhang Liang rushed to the bridge as agreed, only to see that the old man was already there. "It's impolite to make an appointment with the old man, but to arrive later than me. Please come back in 5 days!" Zhang Liang was stunned, but after thinking about it, it was indeed his fault, so he had no choice but to accompany him politely. Five days later, just as the cock crowed, Zhang Liang had arrived at the bridge.Unexpectedly, the old man arrived earlier than 5 days ago. "It's still late, go back, come back in 5 days!" On the fifth day, Zhang Liang didn't dare to sleep anymore, and waited at the meeting point before dawn. Not long after, the old man also came. Seeing that Zhang Liang arrived first, he said with a smile: "That's right!" Then he took out a book from his bosom, handed it to Zhang Liang, and said: "After reading this book, you can become a teacher of the king. These 10 years will be the most hard-working and most sure period of success for you. You must pay close attention to it. After 13 years, you can come to Jinbei to visit me, Gucheng The yellow stone at the foot of the mountain is easy to find, and that's me!" After finishing speaking, he turned and left without looking back. From then on, Zhang Liang never saw the old man again. After daybreak, Zhang Liang examined the book carefully. It turned out that Jiang Taigong's art of war was very strange to Zhang Liang. He studied hard day and night to completely digest the essence of the book. Thirteen years later, Zhang Liang accompanied Liu Bang, who had become the emperor of the Han Dynasty, to Jibei to inspect, especially at the foot of Gucheng Mountain, and he saw a yellow stone, so he took it home to sacrifice.After Zhang Liang's death, he stated in his will that he and Huang Shi should be buried together, and ordered his family to build Huang Shi Temple as a memorial. Although some people think that Huang Shigong is a god who came here to teach Zhang Liang, but from a more pragmatic scientific point of view, he can be regarded as a wise and knowledgeable old man who hopes to find a suitable successor for his unique knowledge. Huang Shi may be his special It may be arranged to make Zhang Liangneng pay more attention to this book Jiang Taigong's Art of War. The "Three Strategies" and "Six Secret Teachings" handed down in the future are said to be Jiang Taigong's Art of War, but according to the research of historians, these two books are fake works of the late Han and Wei Jin dynasties, and many of them may be Jiang Taigong's Art of War However, it does not seem to be the Art of War that Zhang Liang obtained. It is indeed recorded in historical materials that after Lu Shang became the Marquis of Qi, many works such as "Taigong Yinfu" were handed down. It is said that Su Qin's vertical and horizontal studies were derived from this book. Deliberately presenting this book as a gift, I believe that there must be many annotations belonging to the old man to help Zhang Liang master the essence of the art of war." Even better, Zhang Liang also tried to discuss the essence of life skills in this book with others, but most of them could not understand the principles, let alone apply them.After meeting Liu Bang, because the conversation was quite speculative, Zhang Liang also tested Liu Bang with the strategies in the Taigong Art of War. Unexpectedly, Liu Bang could understand and accept Zhang Liang's advice completely, and he also applied it just right. When things started, it really was smooth sailing.Zhang Liang couldn't help sighing: From Jiangbei to Jiangnan, Zhao Ping leads Xiang Liang When Liu Bang and Zhang Liang went to see King Jingju of Chu, the battle situation in northern Chu was quite urgent. The Qin army and the two sides fought in the west of Xiaocheng, but the Chu army was disadvantaged and returned to stay in the city. Although Jing Ju was known as the king of Chu with the support of Qin Jia, but because their base was in the north of Chu, they were already threatened by Zhang Han's "Lishan people", so they did not receive the general support of the rebels in the Jiangnan area. Zhao Ping, a native of Guangling, attitude is an important example.” Guangling County is today's Yangzhou and one of the important towns in northern Chu. Zhaoping was a local nobleman, and he was granted the title of Marquis of Dongling during the Qin Dynasty, but this was an official position with no power, so even the most basic local officials of the Qin Dynasty would not take him seriously. Therefore, although he is a marquis, Zhao Ping does not have a good impression of the Qin royal family. However, Zhaoping is well educated, and what is rare is that he has the spirit of scientific experimentation. Although he is a scholar, he is willing to go to the fields to cultivate the fields himself, and the melons and vegetables he cultivates are large, fat and delicious. expert.After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, Zhao Ping didn't want to be an official, but planted melons outside Chang'an City. However, he was so rich in the wisdom of cosmic and human philosophy that even Xiangguo Xiao He went to his secluded thatched cottage to ask him about world affairs. Xiao He once said to people at that time: "Zhaoping has high moral character and rich knowledge, enough to be the prime minister of any country." Due to his high reputation and his former position as Marquis of Dongling, people in Chang'an called the melons he cultivated with excellent varieties "Dongling melons". 不过碰到乱世，召平这种秀才便要有理讲不清了。 他原本有意将广陵县献给陈胜，但除了少数很尊重他的青年子弟外，一般人民皆认为他缺乏实际行政经验，而不愿热烈支持，加上县令听到风声，早有准备。召平只好散尽家财，自己武装了百余名私人部队，杀出了广陵县城，准备投奔陈胜。 基于知识分子的自尊心，并自认人数太少，使召平不敢贸然依靠陈胜，他只好暂时流浪各地，等待能集结更多兵力的机会。 但不久便听到陈胜被击溃的消息，召平失去了主意，加上军中粮秣即将用尽，让召平有点心慌。 “听说项燕的儿子也在吴中起兵了！” 这个消息对召平来说太重要了，虽然要渡过长江到南岸去相当困难，但他仍勉力而为，率领部属进入江南。 项梁纳编张楚军的力量 在会稽郡起义的项梁、项羽叔侄，由于离秦国的中央最远，势力的扩展也最为成功。 不久，他便拥有整个会稽郡，但并不急着称王，仍以秦国官吏郡守的称呼来执行统治权，由此可见项梁是位思考审慎的领导人物。 首先他派出勇猛的侄儿项羽，南下收编江南地区的义军，自己则坐镇会稽郡的吴中，以监视江北情势的变化。 “迟早要北上和秦军拼命的，但在这以前，一定要有足够的粮秣，否则就很难收编流窜各地的义军。” 江南是鱼米之乡，又未波及到战火，是最佳的粮仓所在地。 项羽在这方面作得相当成功，他合并了8000多人兵力，使项梁的声势壮大不少。 陈胜定国为张楚，并自称陈王时，项梁虽颇不以为然，但他只冷静评估，未作出任何反应因为他深知任何错误的表态，都会影响自己未来在义军中的声望。 陈胜失败以后，景驹自封为楚王，更引起项梁很大的反感： “这小子，毫无来头，竟自称楚王？” “身为项燕之子，我才是最有资格称楚王的人！” 心里虽这么想，但项梁直觉时机未成熟，不宜作任何表态。 就在这时候，召平渡江前来投奔。 他自称东陵侯，并且是陈胜的特使。 项梁倒不在乎陈胜的地位，但这位最早起义的英雄，在江北义军心中倒有着一定声望，应好好利用，让自己得以最快速度成为义军领袖。 因此，项梁认为召平这条线，值得好好运用。 召平其实也相当地担心，名门之后的项梁不会把陈胜放在眼里，搞不好还因此更为看轻了自己。 不过，召平也想试试这位自称名将后裔的项梁，气量到底如何？ 坚强的抗秦阵容 项梁颇喜欢召平的斯文及渊博学识，因此相当认真听取召平的看法。 召平也认为项梁不宜自封楚王，以免有楚王后裔出现时的尴尬场面。他建议假陈胜之命令，对封项梁为上柱国（楚国最高官职，相当于宰相）。 项梁也高兴地接受这个官职，让自己更是师出有名的渡江北上，收编江北义军以对抗秦军。 这一招果然非常有效，首先响应项梁行动的是东阳县的义军领袖陈婴。 陈婴是东阳县令手下首席官吏，个性宽厚恭谨，因此地方上的声望颇高东阳县青年子弟响应叛军，杀害县令，以群龙无首，将造成县城内秩序大乱，乃公推陈婴为领导者，集结有两万余兵力。 但陈婴的老母亲极力反对，她向陈婴表示： “自从我嫁到你家来，从未听说你们陈家的祖先中有大贵者，如今你突然暴得大名，若非天命，恐将有大不祥不如找一个真正有实力的当领袖，附属于他，大事成犹可封侯，万一事败，也比较能苟存下来。” 陈婴评估自己的个性，也认为的确没有为“王”的资格，便召集地方长老领袖表示： “会稽郡的项梁，据说是名将项燕之子，项氏世代名将辈出，在楚地声望很高，如今想举大事抗秦，非他为领袖不可如果能由他作领导者，我相信秦国必亡，楚国的复兴不远了。” 于是将兵力全归属项梁节制，使项梁的北征军团实力大增。 英布也在这段期间，结同伙伴蒲将军，率领他们的义军并属于项梁系统。 像这样来归并的大小义军颇多。不久，项梁的北征军团便高达6、7万人，大本营设置在江北的下邳。 对项梁势力的暴增并挥军北上，最为不安的是楚王景驹和他的后台支持者秦嘉因此，他俩立刻将主力部队集结在彭城东边，以阻挡项梁势力向北发展。 由于以上柱国官职自称而未封王，反而合乎了楚国正统王室的礼仪，因此项梁获得大多数楚国长老的支持，声势远在景驹之上。 项梁乃乘势对楚军将领们宣称： “陈王（指陈胜）最早率众起义，但因和秦军作战不利，生死不知，而秦嘉居然背叛他，更立景驹为楚王，实质上及名义上都不合理，此乃大逆不道之行为，应共击之。” 在楚地各部落长老号召下，景驹的阵营立刻众叛亲离。项梁乘机全力攻击，秦嘉被迫撤军退至胡陵，仍被追及，只得回头奋战，兵溃被杀。景驹逃至梁地，也为乱民所杀。 项梁收并秦嘉及景驹残余集团，楚军自此全归项梁节制，成为抗秦军最庞大的一股力量。 【Chen Wende Commentary】 老子《道德经·第八章》：“上善若水，水善利万物而不争，处众人之所恶，故几于道。” 意思是说真正懂得“道”之理的人，就如同水一般，它不但可滋养万物，而且柔弱不争，完全顺乎自然，蓄居于低处，包容一切人们所厌恶之物。水的这三种个性，是完全合于自然之道，所以智者乐水，能深深领会这种道理者，便也最接近“真道理”了。 水处卑下，如同有道之人的谦虚处下其性柔弱，遇方者方，遇圆则圆，没有个性，反能表现出最大的可塑性，因而对任何万物都是有利的因为它从来不争，所以也不会招致任何怨尤。 秦王朝的制度，严密地由上而下控制，但缺乏下阶层的基础，因此一旦由最低层爆发抗争，整个制度便立刻崩溃。陈胜的力量其实不大，他的迅速成功，其实是由于秦王朝的组织太脆弱。 但陈胜似乎并未发现他的力量在下层，因而成功后便立刻摆出君王姿态，既不谦下也不容众，尽反了“水性的特色，也使这股力量形成没有多久，便也陷于颓弱和崩溃。” 章邯所编组的骊山众，反更合乎居下的“水”性，这股原本是秦王朝系统中最无权、最卑下的群众，甚至丧失了最基础的自由。但这股力量却也最具有凝聚力，所以虽缺乏严密的组织，但仍能在最短期内发挥其力量。 反观各地的义军则陷入自封为王而相互争战的场面陈胜本身的阵容，便因争权而由内腐化，创业最亲密战友吴广也死于陈胜所默许的军变中“争强使义军的向心力瓦解，各股小势力纷纷夺权，同床异梦，使陈胜本身的体系也立刻崩溃。” 李良、武臣、陈余等各怀鬼胎，秦嘉也立景驹为王，充分显现义军中缺乏有“气度”的领袖。 项梁的审慎，虽比其他的义军领袖较显得稳重，但他好斗的楚人本性，仍使他无法整合其他叛军，能加入其麾下的只属楚地的小股义军而已。 黄石老人对张良的教导和启示，无疑便在于水性中的谦下、柔和及不争，要他忍得住众人所无法接受的耻辱，由此来观察张良的领袖风范。 “太公兵法”的精华在柔弱胜刚强，其中的道理也在“水性”。张良将这种道理告诉许多人，却得不到认同，但当他碰到刘邦时，却立刻有如“知音”，难怪张良要不禁叹道：“沛公殆天授也。”