Chapter 15 Chapter One

Unexpectedly, Xiang Yu said straightforwardly: "Knowing characters is just memorizing some names. No matter how good your swordsmanship is, you can only defeat one opponent. What is there to learn!? What I want to learn is to become a general who is the enemy of ten thousand people." Famous, descended from tragic heroes Among the Chu tribes who responded to Chen Sheng and Wu Guang's uprisings, the ones that attracted the most attention and grew the fastest were Xiang Liang and his nephew Xiang Yu who owned Kuaiji City. Kuaiji City is now Kuaiji City, Zhejiang Province. It was the capital of Yue State in the late Spring and Autumn Period.In the era of King Goujian, the State of Yue defeated the contemporary overlord Wu Wang Fuchai, not only restored the national fortune that was almost destroyed, but also sent troops to the north, becoming the last overlord of the Central Plains in the Spring and Autumn Period.

However, Goujian did not develop his strength in the Central Plains. He returned to Kuaiji soon, and used it as the center to exert his prestige as the overlord. Because of this, Kuaiji City soon became famous and became one of the most prosperous cities at that time. An important military town in southeastern China. However, after the death of Gou Jian, the Yue State had civil strife among the heirs, and soon it was destroyed by the southern overlord Chu State, and Kuaiji City became a part of Chu State. Because the Wu, Yue and other tribes in the east have traditionally had old grievances with the state of Chu, and the people's character is strong, it is not easy to rule, so the king of Chu specially guarded the nobles of the main tribes with the strongest fighting power in these places, the most famous of which is "" Xiang clan."

Xiang is a place name, originally in Xiangcheng, Henan Province. This tribe is famous for being good at field battles, and there have been many famous generals. Among the tribes of the Chu State that were brave enough to fight, Xiang's bravery is even more extraordinary. What's more, it is both hard and soft, with both kindness and power. It can not only manage effectively, but also win the respect of the elders in Wuyue area. At the end of the Warring States period, the Xiang family produced a world-famous general, Xiang Yan.At that time, the strength of the Chu royal family was weak, and the regular main force could not resist the Qin army's southward invasion at all.When the state of Chu was facing a critical moment of survival, Xiang Yan was ordered to command the reinforcements of the loosely organized tribes in various regions of the state of Chu. .So Xiang Yan immediately became the chief hero in the hearts of all Chu people, and pinned all hopes of revitalizing Chu on him.

In order to face this unexpected setback, Qin Wangzheng had no choice but to invite the retired famous general of Qin State Wang Jian to lead an army of 600,000 to conquer Chu State with all the strength of Qin State.Since Chu was originally an alliance organization, the structure was loose and the centripetal force was weak.In the face of Qin's use of the united front, many tribes had already individually made peace with Qin, and some even secretly colluded with Wang Jian and turned against Xiang Yan's joint army. Although there are three households in Chu, the death of Qin will lead to Chu

Xiang Yan was not only brave and good at fighting, but also treated his subordinates like a brother. Therefore, he had a high reputation in the army and was respected by the people of Chu. The substitute, the real General Xiang Yan, is still hiding in a certain mountainous area in Chu, waiting for an opportunity to lead the Chu people against Qin again at any time. "Although there are three households in Chu, the prophecy that Qin will die after Qin's death has been widely circulated under this persistent belief. Even in the 10 years of Qin Shihuang's rule, Xiang Yan's name not only did not disappear, but with the failure of Qin's unification policy and the The Chu people's hatred of Qin Zheng grew stronger and stronger."

When Chen Sheng and Wu Guang revolted, Wu Guang's troops once used the remnant army named Xiang Yan to make a comeback and lead the Chu people to resist the Qin army. According to legend, Xiang Liang is the youngest son of Xiang Yan. When Xiang Yan died in battle, the eldest son and several older sons, along with the martyred elders who stayed in the base camp, escorted his youngest son to escape in the mountains before the Qin army invaded his eastern base camp. More than 10 years later, near Kuaiji City, the original base camp, a pair of wanderers, Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu's uncle and nephew, appeared who claimed to be Xiang Yan's son and grandson.

There are very few records about Xiang Liang in the history books. After more than 10 years of changes, it is actually difficult to verify whether he is really a descendant of Xiang Yan. We only know that he is about 30 years old, with a medium build, and his appearance and behavior are quite graceful and elegant. , indeed has aristocratic temperament and is also proficient in the art of war, rich in strategy, and good in leadership. Therefore, when he called himself the youngest son of Xiang Yan, most Chu people accepted it without doubt. But what is more eye-catching is his nephew Xiang Yu beside him.Different from the short-to-medium stature of ordinary Chu people, Xiang Yu's stature is very burly. According to historical records, his height is more than 8 feet in ancient times, about 178 cm to 180 cm. .

A natural born general must learn to be the enemy of thousands of people Sima Qian recorded in "Historical Records" that Xiang Yu's name, "Yu is his character, which shows that he is indeed a nobleman, so that he can be named and have a character. His birthplace is said to be the place where Xiang Yu was born in today's Anhui Province. These rumors about the base of the Yan tribe, coupled with his unique huge figure, made the people of Chu fully believe that he is the direct descendant of the famous general Xiang Yan." Born a military commander, coupled with the difficult environment in his childhood, Xiang Yu has a leadership quality. He is ambitious and independent at a young age, so Xiang Liang also values ​​​​him very much. It seems that he is trying his best to raise this orphan who has no parents. Get ahead early.

He first taught Xiang Yu to read and write, but Xiang Yu thought it was too troublesome, and he was really impatient, so he didn't work hard at all. When he was a little older, Xiang Liang taught him the basics of swordsmanship. Xiang Yu was quite talented in this area because of his immense strength. Both literary and martial arts are not good, "Xiang Liang, who loves his nephew eagerly, can't help but get angry. He was worried that Xiang Yu would not grow up to be a man, and he would be ashamed of his family tradition, so he complained angrily:" "You are so impatient, what do you want to do in the future?"

Unexpectedly, Xiang Yu said straightforwardly: "Literacy is nothing more than being able to memorize some names. No matter how good your swordsmanship is, you can only defeat one opponent. What is there to learn? What I want to learn is to become a general who is the enemy of thousands of people." Xiang Liang was so surprised that he taught him the art of war.Xiang Yu is very talented in this area, and with a little guidance, he can grasp the key points and draw inferences about other cases from one instance.It's just that he has no patience and refuses to use his brain to think deeply, so he can only grasp a few big principles.

On the way to escape, Xiang Liang was arrested in the Yueyang area because he was betrayed by a traitorous tribe.Fortunately, Cao Jiu, the jailer in Qi County, was well aware of Xiang Liang's life experience, so he secretly informed Sima Xin, the jailer in Liyang, to try to rescue Xiang Liang.As a result, Xiang Liang became close friends with the two men and had frequent contacts in secret. Take refuge in Wuzhong, gradually develop your ambitions Wuzhong, which is now the area around Suzhou, was originally the headquarters of Wu State. During the Qin Dynasty, it was placed under the jurisdiction of Kuaiji County. In the middle of the Warring States period, the Wuzhong area had become the sphere of influence of the Xiang clan, a nobleman of the Chu state. Therefore, the arrival of Xiang Liang's uncle and nephew was greeted like a hero.In addition, Xiang Liang was knowledgeable and generous, so he immediately won the support of the local elders and became the leader of the informal organization. Since ancient times, Chinese people have paid the most attention to funerals and ancestor worship. They usually invite the most respected people in the local area to preside over the affairs. Even today, the chairmen of the funeral committee must be respected. , more actually has the most human resources in the region, so who can do things, who has what specialties, as the chief committee, it is very clear. "Historical Records" records: " "Xiang Liang avoided living in Wuzhong, and all the virtuous scholars and bureaucrats in Wuzhong came out of Xiang Liang. Whenever there were big wars and funerals in Wuzhong, Xiang Liang often hosted them." Therefore, not only has his reputation expanded rapidly, but he also has an absolute advantage in mastering local talents. In order to plan for the future, Xiang Liang took the opportunity to actively organize the powerful Chu people in Wuzhong and their children, secretly taught them the art of war, and convinced everyone of their talents.It didn't take long to establish a fairly strong team and contacts. Qin Shihuang visited Kuaiji County. When crossing the Qiantang River, he held a large-scale ceremony at the mouth of the river. The lineup was very majestic. Xiang Liang also took Xiang Yu to investigate. Unexpectedly, Xiang Yu was deeply moved after seeing Qin Shihuang's extraordinary style, and blurted out on the spot: "He can take his place." Xiang Liang was shocked when he heard this, and immediately covered his mouth: "Don't talk nonsense, it will copy the family and destroy the family." But Xiang Yu grimaced, as if he didn't care. Xiang Liang couldn't help but be moved by his arrogance, and from then on he believed that Xiang Yu must be an extraordinary talent. Kuaiji rebelled against Qin, and Xiang Liang seized local power Because Xiang Liang was well-known in the Wuzhong area, he wandered around in the early years and saw a lot on the way, so he often had his unique insights into the current situation. Even Yin Tong, the prefect appointed by the Qin Dynasty in Kuaiji, could not Don't treat him differently and treat him as a distinguished guest. The Kuaiji County of the Qin Dynasty unified the territory of Wu and Yue in the Spring and Autumn Period, with more than 1 million residents. There were 26 counties and towns under its jurisdiction, almost occupying the southeastern half of China. Therefore, Yin Tong is quite powerful on the surface, as if he was a monarch in the feudal era. However, the Qin Dynasty was completely centralized, and the sheriffs were only local agents sent by the central government to collect taxes and labor for the court. Lost officials and imprisoned. In ancient times, communication was underdeveloped, and it was actually very difficult for a local chief to fully grasp the information of various towns and counties. Therefore, he had to rely on local powerful people to help him, that is, he had to win over the local "corners" in order to effectively promote government orders. Explain to the court." In Yin Tong's eyes, Xiang Liang was the "big leader" in Wuzhong area. As long as he had Xiang Liang's support, everything would be much easier to handle. For Li Si, who was in charge of planning this centralized county system, the emergence of such folk informal leaders was an unexpected weakness of the system. "Even the magistrate is courteous to him!" The more Yin Tong respected Xiang Liang, the more Xiang Liang's reputation in the local area immediately rose, and the more influential he became, the more Yin Tong had to rely on him. Soon, this folk leader became the "underground sheriff of Kuaiji County, whose actual influence is greater than that of Yin Tong, the real official sheriff." Regarding the continued deterioration of this situation, Yin Tong is most disturbed. He can't say that he is more and more worried about Xiang Liang's power, but his dependence on Xiang Liang is becoming more and more important day by day. Before long, the inevitable tragedy struck. The uprising of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang quickly spread from Jiangbei to Jiangnan. Kuaiji County was also quickly affected by it. On the one hand, the rebels who were afraid of the uprising would go south to collect grain, and on the other hand, based on the resentment towards the Qin Dynasty, the elders of various counties gathered one after another to form a self-defense force. The ideal leader in their hearts was Xiang beam. Naturally, Xiang Liang also has this intention. The question is whether the timing is right or not. Knowing the art of war and being cautious will prevent him from revealing his ambition easily. Opportunity. It was Yin Tong, the prefect of Kuaiji, who gave Xiang Liang the opportunity to revolt. The situation in the county deteriorated rapidly, which made Yin Tong tremble with fear.He knew that as long as someone responded to the rebellion, he would be the first to suffer. Even if the Qin Dynasty Central Committee could send reinforcements, it would be too late. Killing Yin Tong, uncle and nephew team up to attack However, he is an airborne force sent by the dynasty and lacks geographical connections, so he must seize several important cadres. As long as he gets their support, an uprising will definitely not be a problem. The best person in front of him was naturally Xiang Liang.But Xiang Liang's reputation is too high, if he is not careful, he will be replaced by him, so it is better to have another force that can restrain him. Yin Tong thought of Huan Chu, another local leader of the Chu tribe. Huan Chu was brave and scheming, and he happened to be on the run for committing a crime. With a certain strength, it can be used to check and balance Xiang Liang. But Huan Chu's whereabouts are unknown, so he should consult with Xiang Liang first for the current plan. Xiang Liang still looked humble and loyal on the surface, lest Yin Tong would have any doubts about him. Unexpectedly, Yin Tong, who was so impatient, showed his intention to rebel by going straight to the point: "The north bank of the Yangtze River and the Jiangxi area have been completely occupied by the rebels. When the Qin Dynasty fell this day, I thought we should take the initiative to avoid being controlled by others. I plan to revolt in Kuaiji County, with you and Huan Chu as the left and right wings. general." Xiang Liang was taken aback, thinking that the strict legal system of the Qin Dynasty would collapse more quickly due to its lack of flexibility in case of a crisis. Seeing that Yin Tong, who was the highest local chief, had such weak loyalty to the court, Xiang Liang was deeply moved, so he looked at Yin Tong suspiciously, showing that he did not understand his mentality. Seeing Xiang Liang's questioning eyes, Yin Tong became even more nervous. He almost said without hesitation: "No matter how slow it is, it may be too late. We must recruit troops as soon as possible, so as not to be preempted by others..." Ding Liang thought it was funny, but another inspiration flashed into his mind immediately.He thought to himself: "How can I support you, an official of the court, if you want to rebel? I should be the one who must take the lead!" But on the surface, Xiang Liang remained calm. He politely said to Yin Tong: "Huan Chu is currently on the run. Only my nephew Xiang Ji knows his hiding place. I will go find him now. You can order him to find Huan Chu directly!" Yin Tong had no doubt about him, and immediately agreed. Xiang Liang quickly ran outside the sheriff's mansion and found Xiang Yu who was waiting at the door. He whispered a few words to Xiang Yu, and the two quickly entered the mansion again. Xiang Liang's expression and tone seemed a little agitated, and he lost his usual calmness, showing that there was a big emotional shock boiling in his heart. But Xiang Yu didn't change his face, just smiled and nodded, and quickly followed behind his uncle, showing quite For the appearance of respect. When Yin Tong saw their uncle and nephew coming in, he immediately got up and greeted him with a smile. Unexpectedly, Xiang Liang's expression changed, and he shouted loudly: "It's time!" Before Yin Tong could react, Xiang Yu had already rushed to him, and with a wave of his sword, Yin Tong's head flew into the air along with a bunch of bloody arrows. Since this was a secret meeting, there was no one else at the scene. Only then did Xiang Liang regain his composure, and slowly picked up Yin Tong's head, took off the seal of the sheriff on his body, and went out with Xiang Yu to inform the county officials of the incident. The guards were shocked when they saw this, and immediately shouted, "Assassin, there is chaos at the gate of the sheriff." Xiang Yu drew his sword forward and beheaded more than 10 people, all of them fell in shock. Only then did Xiang Liang announce that an emergency meeting would be called in the county sheriff's office, and all important officials of the county city would attend. Most of the officials in the mansion were from Chu, and they had been on good terms with Xiang Liang at first, but seeing the situation, they all followed suit, expressed their support for Xiang's uncle and nephew, and took the initiative to appease people's hearts. Xiang Liang also officially announced Yin Tong's ambitions and crimes, and announced that Kuaiji County would regain its independence and be governed by the Chu people from now on, in response to Chen Sheng and others' rebellion in the Jiangbei area. The officials of the county government immediately assembled more than 8,000 people from the counties, and selected the more capable ones from the elders and children of Wuzhong, and they were named officials such as school lieutenant, marquis, and Sima. The military and political system of the county is fully under control. A local leader who originally belonged to the nobles of Chu State was not reused in this assignment, and he was very unhappy to protest to Xiang Liang in person.Xiang Liang said with a smile: "A few days ago, I sent you to host a funeral, but you seemed incompetent. I think there is something wrong with your leadership, so I can't reuse you this time." This incident fully shows that Xiang Liang has done a very detailed "talent pool" establishment work in normal times, and has a complete assessment of everyone's ability, so that the local leaders in the Wuzhong area have to be convinced of his leadership. So Xiang Liang appointed himself as the prefect of Kuaiji, and with Xiang Yu as his assistant general, he actively combined the forces of the Chu people in the counties under the jurisdiction of the county. Chen Sheng sent troops, and the Central Plains were in total turmoil After Chen Sheng established himself as the king of Zhang Chu, he sent a lot of troops to manage the areas of the original vassal states during the Warring States Period. In order to seize the long-term grain and stocking base, "the main force of the false king Wu Guang tried his best to attack Xingyang, the granary. However, it was Li You, the son of Li Si, the prime minister of the Qin Dynasty, who was defending the city of Xingyang. He was the prefect of Sanchuan County (Luoyang). , Li You took the initiative to appease the people in the territory, and personally led the army to guard Xingyang." In terms of military strategy, Wu Guang was not as good as Li You, so although he had an absolute advantage in military strength, he was unable to capture Xingyang. He only confronted outside the city and surrounded the city of Xingyang. As a last resort, Chen Sheng sent his main force, led by Zhou Wen, directly from Yingchuan to attack Sanchuan County City, and attempted to go straight to Hangu Pass to threaten Xianyang City. Zhou Wen is the chief general under Chen Sheng, responsible for commanding the entire army, just like the current chief of staff. But Zhou Wen is actually a literati with little practical experience in combat.He used to be a guest of Chun Shenjun, the famous Prime Minister of Chu State. When Xiang Yan raised his troops to fight against the Qin State's southern expedition, Zhou Wen served as Xiang Yan's staff officer, so he had a considerable understanding of the famous general Xiang Yan's tactics.In addition, he is knowledgeable, eloquent, and has strong organizational skills. When talking about the past, he is very eloquent, which makes people feel that half of Xiang Yan's record should be attributed to him. Since most of the generals in Chen Sheng's army were from civilian bandits, they were really incapable of commanding regular operations, so Chen Sheng had to entrust Zhou Wen with a little military knowledge. Zhou Wen was already an old man in his sixties at this time, his physical strength and reaction were not as good as before, but he was experienced after all.He not only captured Yingchuan quickly, but also gathered hundreds of thousands of troops from all over the country to join him, and thousands of chariots to attack Hangu Pass in a mighty way. Among the armies that Chen Sheng dispatched to various places, the more important ones are Wu Chen, Zhang Er, and Chen Yu who manage Zhao, Zheng Zong from Ruyin who manages Jiujiang County, Han Guang who manages Yan, Zhou Shi who manages Qi, and Ge Ying who manages Wu land. Zhang Er is a native of Daliang (Wei State). When he was young, he was a diner of Lord Xinling. Later, when he committed a crime and fled, he got help from a rich man in Waihuang County. He not only married his daughter to him, but also used the money to help Zhang Er rebuild his reputation. Being able to serve as the magistrate of Waihuang County entered the ranks of the noble class of Wei State. Chen Yu was also from Daliang, he was fond of Confucianism when he was young, he had traveled and studied in Zhao country for a long time, and Zhang Ertong, his Yue family was also multi-millionaire, so the two not only had talent and fame, but also had considerable financial backing. Chen Yu is one generation younger than Zhang Er, so he has always respected Zhang Er as his father, and the two have become friends who have forgotten their age. Zhang Er had known Liu Bang in his early years, and because of his generous personality, he was quite respected by Liu Bang. After Qin State defeated Wei State, Zhang Er and Chen Yu went into exile. Because of their high prestige in Wei State, the imperial court specially ordered their arrest: "Anyone who captures Zhang Erzhuo will be rewarded with a thousand gold, and anyone who seizes Chen Yu will be rewarded with five hundred gold." The two had no choice but to flee under aliases, hid in Chencheng, and made a living for the Li Jianmen (Li Zhongwei). Once, the local officials blamed Chen Yu for his ineffectiveness and beat him with whips. I went outside under the mulberry tree and reprimanded him: "I have taught you again and again, have you forgotten!? The two of us have great responsibilities, how can we seek death for the humiliation of a small official?" Chen Yu immediately thanked them, and the two swore to heaven and earth to become a life and death friendship. When Chen Sheng occupied Chencheng, Zhang Erkai and Chen Yu met together. Chen Sheng was very happy because they were well-known, so he hired them as his staff. Chen Sheng wanted to become king on his own, but Zhang Er stopped him, thinking that he should first attack the Qin court and rebuild the descendants of the six kingdoms in the Warring States period, and declared that the world should be the public, according to Xianyang, punish the tyranny of Qin, and become an emperor, but Chen Sheng did not accept it. Chen Yu also advised Chen Sheng to send troops to manage Zhao's land, because the Zhao people have always been strong and good at fighting, and if they get the support of Zhao's army, they don't have to worry about Qin's armed forces anymore. Chen Sheng took his confidant Chen Guoren Wu Chen as the general, Shao Sao as the guard, Zhang Er and Chen Yu as the left and right lieutenants, and led 3,000 people to the north to conquer Zhao. Whitewashing peace, Zhao Gao won the leading machine Although rebels broke out everywhere in the Kanto area, Xianyang, the capital of the Qin Dynasty, still seemed peaceful. Due to the Hangu Pass as a barrier, the Guanzhong area where Xianyang City belongs has an extremely advantageous location.This piece of land was originally the base camp of the Zhou Dynasty. After King Ping of Zhou moved to the east, he gave it to Qin State for management. For 400 years, Guanzhong has not only been rich, but also well-prepared, becoming China's leading political, military and economic center. In addition to Hangu Pass, there is Xiaoguan Fortress in the north, Sanguan in the west, and Wuguan in the south. The terrain is dangerous.No matter how the Central Plains changes, Guanzhong will not be easily affected. Therefore, although the descendants of the various vassal states have quickly established themselves, and the general situation of the world soon returned to the situation before the unification, the second emperor Hu Hai still sat firmly in his seat and seemed not to be affected. As the youngest son, Congxiu lacked the mental preparation to take power, if Zhao Gao hadn't supported him half-forcibly, Hu Hai would never have ascended the throne of emperor. " Although he was not born stupid, Hu Hai really had no concept of power and governance. He was emperor only to enjoy his own life, and the maintenance of political order seemed to have nothing to do with the people's needs. In Qin Shihuang's later years, due to the failure of the unified policy, the localities were seriously unstable. In addition, there were too many military and hard labor, people were displaced, and small groups of thieves were everywhere, making it difficult to catch.After the death of the first emperor, Li Si, the prime minister in power, thoroughly reviewed the lack of governance, and decided to suspend large-scale military service and hard labor, and rest with the people. He, Prime Minister You Quji, and General Feng Jie jointly went to admonish Hu Hai. In order to achieve long-term peace and stability, he should reduce the enjoyment of the dynasty, reduce taxes and taxes, calm people's grievances, and win people's hearts again. But for Hu Hai, everything is easy to discuss, but it is absolutely unacceptable to ask him to reduce expenses and enjoyment, otherwise there is no point in being an emperor.He really couldn't bear the constant nagging of these ministers who depended on the old and prostituted the old, so he tried to avoid them consciously or unconsciously, and went to Zhao Gao, who wanted him to be the emperor, to resist if he had anything to do. This is exactly what Zhao Gao thought of as an eunuch. He was clever and talented. According to outside information and experience, he is not as good as Li Si, a veteran and important minister, so Zhao Gao has strong psychological pressure. " Since Hu Hai was afraid of dealing with political affairs, Zhao Gao took the opportunity to stir up trouble and encourage the waves: "The emperor is extremely honorable. He should stay away from the worldly people and not have to deal with complicated and trivial matters." Qin loses its deer, and the world chases after it Zhao Gao has become a "false emperor. He has a strong desire for power and interferes in everything, but he has no way to suppress the bandits and restore the order of the world. In order not to expose his weakness, he actually ordered that the Discuss the matter of the bandits in the court." When Zhou Wen's army approached a fortress called "Xi" at Hangu Pass, Zhao Gao was greatly alarmed. On the one hand, he complained about Li Si and others' improper handling of political affairs, on the other hand, he had no choice but to report to Hu Hai, hoping to use the emperor's authority to resolve the crisis. Suddenly receiving this urgent military situation, Hu Hai was also taken aback, like a person who just woke up from a drunken dream, he hurriedly asked for help from Manchao Wenwu. The person who knows the most about the issue of the rogue bandits in the Kanto region is Zhang Han, the Shaofu who is in charge of fishery and tax administration. Not long after the war broke out, the biggest impact was the local tax and fishing tax, so Zhang Han understood the seriousness of the problem better than anyone else.In the past six months, he knows exactly which place has fallen and which place is still peaceful.Although he is a civil official, he is a descendant of the traditional Qin tribe nobles. He has the basic literacy of martial arts, coupled with his decisive personality and generous measure, he is quite popular and has many friends among civil and military officials.In ordinary conversation, they often talk about ways to deal with the current crisis.Therefore, for this work, Zhang Han's thinking is the most complete and thorough. Due to the Mengtian incident and the incident of the princes, many of the original armed forces of the Qin State were incorporated into the criminal labor in the Lishan Mausoleum. Reprogramming is the potential military force to do the job. On the same day, Zhang Han analyzed the situation of the bandits in detail, and made suggestions to Hu Hai: "The army of thieves has arrived, and the momentum is huge. Even if we want to summon the guards of nearby counties and counties to fight, I am afraid that the far water will not be able to save the near fire. Among the criminals working in the Lishan Mausoleum, there are many legions from the past. We only need to pardon them first and reorganize , plus short-term training, it is enough to fight against the invading thieves." Although Zhao Gao was quite dissatisfied with Zhang Han's performance of stealing the limelight, the important officials headed by Li Si strongly supported Zhang Han. up. Hu Hai then ordered an amnesty for the world, ordered Zhang Han to go to Lishan to exonerate "the "crimes" of the Lishan people, and reorganize the legion. As for the shortage of personnel, the descendants of the slave class will also be incorporated into the logistics force and sent to the battlefield as soon as possible." Zhang Han opened the treasury and distributed all the traditional black war robes and helmets of the Qin army to the people in Lishan. Even the banners were black, which made the reorganized army look more majestic and majestic. One piece, the military appearance is very spectacular. 【Chen Wende Commentary】 Laozi's "Tao Te Ching Chapter Seventeen": "If you are too superior, you don't know it; secondly, you will praise it; secondly, you will fear it; secondly, you will not believe it. , the common people say: 'I am natural.'." Lao Tzu divides politics into four classes. The top leader governs by doing nothing. The people only know that there is a king, but they don’t feel his power. Everyone follows his own nature and lives in peace.In other words, in modern terms, everything is institutionalized, and everyone follows the operating model, is responsible for their work, and accomplishes their tasks. Secondly, we must work hard to please the people, let the people feel his benevolent government, constantly praise him, and constantly express his support for this kind of deliberate leader, which fully shows that everything is not on track, not normalized, so "the revolution has not yet To be successful, comrades still have to work hard. The louder the slogan is, the more the leader needs the people to express their views, it means that they still have shortcomings that need to be worked hard to overcome.” The leader who waits again must use severe punishments to frighten his subordinates, so that the people will fear him at least on the surface.This indicates that the situation is uneasy, and the ruler has to put on a straight face in order to maintain order and normal operation. The last class of leaders looks down on the people and likes to use political tactics to show his intelligence. Such a leader lacks integrity, and the people will not trust him. Therefore, real political leaders will work hard to establish institutionalized norms, and will not shout slogans, nor will they deliberately call on the people to be loyal, and will never issue orders when the time is not ripe.Patiently maintain the normal hard work, let everything achieve its goals logically, the people can't feel the leader's means, only think that everything should be like this. The legalist theory originated from Lao Tzu's "Taoism, to establish a system to maintain the normal operation of politics. This is indeed a good way to enrich the country and strengthen the military, and maintain long-term peace and stability. When the political power has not yet fully taken root, it is eager to expand outwards. Although it has achieved unprecedented success, it has also brought Qin into the path of no return to expansionism.” As a result of the expansion, the existing system could not bear its needs. Therefore, Zhang Yi had to use power and tactics to maintain the momentum of the dynasty. In the era of King Qin Zhaoxiang, he had to launch military terrorism to make the people fear them like tigers and wolves. Qin Shihuang's unification of China brought expansionism to the highest level, but the power of the dynasty has also shown its powerlessness. Qin Shihuang changed from a strong and shrewd leader before the unification to a neurotic tyrant, and in his later years it led to the tragedy of burning books and burying scholars. Fusu, Meng Tian, ​​Li Si, Zhao Gao and others fought fiercely and used all means to completely destroy the spirit of the rule of law. Yin Tong's attitude fully shows that after the unification of the Qin Dynasty, its culture has become rigid, and it blindly believes in power and speculation. An ideal system will also tend to decline if it cannot grasp the opportunity of regeneration in line with the development of its environment. Lao Tzu's "governance by doing nothing" and "slowness and precious words, success and success" are emphasizing that everything meets the needs of the environment, let nature take its course, change when necessary, and stop when necessary, so as to maintain the system forever. vitality.