Chapter 24 February 38 Diary 4

From 9:00 to 12:00, the committee meets to discuss budgetary issues.According to Fitch's report, Shanghai and other places raised a total of 200,000 yuan for us.Therefore, our current total property is about 300,000 yuan.We can do something with this money. In the afternoon, worship at Pingcang Lane.Dr. Bates has given an amazing speech about Abraham Lincoln, saying that some of Lincoln's quotes are still perfectly appropriate to this day and age.He read Lincoln's proclamation from 1863. With regard to the confirmation of the above-cited telegram of December 1, 1937 received today from the Matheson Bank, it must be stated that I never received this telegram.Although someone suggested to me by telegram at that time, to avoid greater danger to my life; if the German embassy leaves Nanjing, I can go with them.Finally, I was asked to send a telegram stating my intention.My answer was: "I have decided to stay in Nanjing to preside over the work of the international committee to establish a neutral zone to protect more than 200,000 civilians." As far as I can see from the telegram confirmation, the Shanghai headquarters disagreed with this.But I never received the telegram.This is indeed a pity.What a wretch I am!At that time, I was really obedient, but now this matter is not in the favor of the foreign firm!Of course, it can be believed that the intention of the above telegram is only to save my life from any danger.But on the other hand, it's a good thing I didn't get the telegram.As a very disciplined clerk, I may have changed my decision at the last moment and departed in the Jardine Matheson barque.It is known that the ship was heavily bombed by the Japanese.In addition, I always wonder if the rest of the employees of Siemens (China) in Nanjing and some poor poor people are still alive today if I run away.

I still managed to get the crate unexpectedly.Among my common people (that is, among the refugees in my yard) there was a carpenter, through whose connections I got 20 crates, and not only crates, but also straw.Several of these refugees braved the heavy rain and dragged three carts of straw from outside Hanximen City, spending a total of 2 yuan.Carpenters help pack luggage for free.It can be seen that friendship with the poor is valuable.Sometimes (such as this one) it was even very valuable, as the wood almost disappeared from the market. Mr. K. Kroeger sent a letter from Shanghai with a "brief summary".

Summary of the newsletter of "Zi Lin Xi Bao" on January 30, 1938: U.S. ambassador to Tokyo lodges stronger protest A Japanese sentry has slapped Mr JM Allison in the face, prompting fresh diplomatic engagements. The report of the U.S. official was published (Washington, January 28, 1938): The State Department today entrusted U.S. Ambassador to Tokyo Joseph Grew to lodge a strong protest to the Japanese government over the beating of John M. Allison, Third Secretary of the U.S. Embassy by a Japanese sentry in Nanking. Mr. Allison, currently representing American interests at the American Embassy in Nanking, reported that he had been slapped for no reason by a Japanese sentinel. ——While issuing instructions to Mr. Grew, the State Department released a report on Mr. Allison's beating and humiliation incident. The report is quite different from the Japanese account.

(A longer account of this event continues) Summary from the same newspaper: japanese ambassador skeptical The Japanese ambassador viewed Chinese reports of Japanese atrocities as inaccurate and was therefore skeptical. London, January 29, 1938 Mr. Shigeru Yoshida, the Japanese Ambassador in London, today expressed his regret over the reports in Europe about the cruel atrocities committed by Japanese soldiers in China in an interview with a representative of Mainichi Zatan.He added that it was inconceivable that our troops would be so indulgent and so contrary to time-honored traditions.The ambassador went on to say that I have telegraphed to Tokyo that news of the brutality of our troops had reached England, and I beg that the truth be not concealed from me.I am appalled by reports of Japanese soldiers allegedly mistreating civilians and killing children in front of their parents.Such behavior is simply out of keeping with our traditions and has never occurred in the entire history of our nation.No matter where you go to investigate, you will not find evidence that our military has ever engaged in this kind of behavior.Our military is well disciplined.I repeat, it is inconceivable that this army would violate tradition in this way.As the ambassador of our country, I can only express great regret for such reports. (United Press)

The incident concerning the beating of Mr. Allison by a Japanese soldier in the previous article has now been resolved through a solemn apology from the Japanese government. As can be seen from the report "Japanese Ambassador Skeptical," the world was now informed of the brutal atrocities committed by Japanese soldiers in Nanking.No one will be offended that Ambassador Shigeru Yoshida defends his compatriots in such a way.Besides, every one of the 250,000 refugees here could give him evidence that the news about the unspeakable atrocities of the Japanese soldiers was true! University Hospital Nanjing, China February 12, 1938 to Mr. Wang Chengtian Autonomous Committee Nanjing

We are looking forward to the morning of Monday, February 14th when the Shanghai Rescue Nanjing Organization shipped 100 tons of broad beans on the steamer "Wantong" of Swire Pacific.Mr. Geoffrey of the British embassy informed us that the Japanese authorities have indicated that they hope that this shipment of food will be handled by your committee. For this reason, we request your committee to import the goods for us and obtain a permit to deposit the goods in your committee's warehouse.These broad beans should be distributed free of charge to the poor and needy in Nanjing.

We thank your committee in advance for fulfilling our request. Best regards Signed: Dr. Robert O. Wilson Telegram to the U.S. Embassy from Nanjing: Shanghai, February 14, 1938 Received: Nanjing, February 15, 1938 at 11 o'clock - the following is addressed to Dr. Smythe and Dr. Trimer: The result of our continued inquiry on Sunday is that the location of the broad bean landing is entirely determined by the Nanjing military authorities.No difficulties are expected if the import is entirely carried out by the Autonomous Committee. — Thomson Gaussian Due to the occurrence of several cases of beriberi here (Gulou Hospital is willing to provide details), we have asked Shanghai to ship us 100 tons of broad beans.The Japanese navy in Shanghai had already issued a permit to ship the broad beans to Xiaguan, but the Japanese army in Nanjing had not yet agreed, and it was rejected.At 1 o'clock this afternoon, the radio station in Shanghai reported the incident, and pointed out that due to the "lack of cooperation" between our International Committee (called "Nanjing Relief Committee" in Shanghai) and the Autonomous Committee, it is self-evident that there are difficulties in bringing in goods , the matter of transporting people is only allowed to be handled by the autonomous committee.As can be seen from the correspondence we have included above, we had already made a request to the Self-Government Council on this matter on February 12th.As the matter concerns Drum Tower Hospital (University Hospital), the letter was signed by Dr. Wilson of the hospital.It is not surprising that the Japanese claim that they know nothing about beriberi in Nanking, since they do not care about the state of health here.

Long and Zhou left my house last night.They are going to leave today, and how they will go, I don't know; they didn't tell me their plans, and I didn't ask.There are cracks in our friendship, nonetheless I wish them a safe journey to Hong Kong.However, I don't want to see these two people again. I'm busy packing things right now and it's not easy for me.My health is not very good, I only sleep two hours a day, maybe it has something to do with my diabetes.But that's all right, I've almost made it through.It will always work out!The wife was right not to "broke down" at the last moment, she wrote in a recent letter.Of course she thought that I should go in the safest way (in a gunboat), not in a van like Kroeger, and in the open compartment, lest I end up with some kind of illness.Just do it, wife, don't worry! The "broad bean problem" has not been solved.The Japanese have rejected the Self-Government Committee regarding Dr. Wilson's letter.They demanded that we hand over the beans to the Self-Government Committee unconditionally, otherwise the cargo would not be allowed to be transported.Since our batch of broad beans was bought in Shanghai, we cannot hand them over unconditionally.And there is a very real danger that the Japanese will suddenly refuse to distribute beans to our various refugee camps by the Self-Government Committee.In addition, these broad beans were entrusted to the Gulou Hospital for distribution, which means that the Japanese tried to prohibit the delivery of grain to private institutions.Mr Allison is currently working (with the British embassy) to get the Japanese to change their attitude in our favor.

According to what I just heard, the persons in charge of the refugee shelter unanimously decided to send a telegram to Shanghai Siemens, requesting that I continue to stay here.This is not to my liking at all.My nerves are really overwhelmed, and I really want to go on vacation and travel.In addition, I was also worried that the people in the foreign firm would think that it was I who asked someone to take the telegram, but of course this was not the case.I have packed every small item except my furniture, and here I am sitting in a half-empty house without any comforts.I have to temporarily put the large pieces of furniture and wooden crates here, and ask Han (Xianglin) to take care of them.

Internal report of the Nanjing Safety Zone International Committee on the situation February 14, 1938 refugee When the number of refugees reached its peak in the second half of December 1937, there were 69,406 people in 25 refugee asylums. There were 60,000 people on January 25, 1938, compared to 35,334 today in 24 refugee camps.Since the Japanese issued an order to the Self-Government Committee on January 28, requiring refugees to leave the refugee shelters by February 4 at the latest, the number of refugees in the shelters has decreased by 25,000.What we can see as the result is that after the arrival of Mr. Hidaka in Shanghai, the Japanese, based on our protest, secretly agreed not to use force to drive the refugees out of the refugee camps in the safe zone on February 4th.But as stated above, this consent was only given in secret to our committee; the order issued on January 28 not only remains in force, but the Japanese, after inspecting the refugee shelters on January 30 through representatives of the Self-government Committee, have emphatically reiterated that this order.The International Committee also recommends that eligible refugees return to their homes, but only gradually.It should be foreseen that it will be several months before the return of the tens of thousands of refugees, especially widows, women whose husbands were taken away and those whose houses were completely burned down.These people must of course be cared for in refugee shelters set up especially for them.Today there are 150,000 people in the safe zone, up from 250,000 in January this year, according to reports by Japanese authorities registering families who have returned to their homes.Because families returning to their homes still need our help, we have established a Restoration Committee office in each of the districts that have recently opened for resettlement to assist them if needed.

assistance There is still no sign of restarting economic life in the short term, and there is even little hope of economic life soon, and a certain degree of partial production is impossible.As for arranging spring sowing of small fields and small vegetable gardens inside and outside the city wall, it is also very difficult.Many lots, buildings, facilities, and reserves were destroyed, and only a handful of workers were paid for their work for the Japanese army and other Japanese authorities.All these facts point to the impossibility of a recovery of economic life in the coming months.The seriousness of the situation was also aggravated by the fact that the greater part of the townspeople lived on brought in stores of provisions, which were dwindling every day, and which would no doubt soon be exhausted.It is therefore foreseeable that the situation will worsen and require our assistance on a larger scale in the coming months. Administration and cooperation with other institutions All current relief efforts are being carried out by the international committee organizing the safe zone.With two-fifths of citizens returning to their homes in the last days of January, the strict boundaries between the safe zone and the rest of the city have blurred.The International Committee therefore no longer operates as a specific regional committee, but continues to work as a purely civil relief organization. From the very beginning, the International Committee cooperated excellently with the Red Cross Society of China, working with it on a large-scale porridge factory.In addition, the committee presided over two large porridge factories in cooperation with the Red Swastika Society, which was also responsible for burying the bodies, which proved to be a rather difficult task.Although this organization buries 200 corpses every day, there are still 30,000 unburied corpses in various places in the city today, most of them in the suburb of Xiaguan.The International Red Cross here pays special attention to the wounded soldiers in China. For the free treatment patients in the University Hospital, it pays for their treatment, food and hospitalization fees in third-class wards according to the pre-war standards.The hospital lost its normal diagnosis and treatment income, and the original reserve could not even make up half of the shortfall. Therefore, without the support of the Red Cross in this regard, the hospital would not be able to survive. We have a very good relationship with the Autonomous Council.The food committee member of the self-government committee used to be a member of our organization. In his new position, he will cooperate with us as long as it is within the scope permitted by the Japanese authorities.Whenever possible, we also try to help him solve the problem.We urge the Japanese authorities to open the ban through which a large amount of rice and flour is sold to the residents.For this purpose, a member of our committee has been working with these people since Christmas (long before the Home Rule Committee was formally formed) to bring food and fuel into the city.It is this commissioner who today heads the auto repair shop of the Autonomous Council, is in fact responsible for the dispatch of all vehicles, and is responsible for prioritizing the use of vehicles for social services before sending them to other uses. In addition, we have also established cooperation with the Relief Section under the Self-Government Committee.The Relief Section and our Restoration Department co-host several weekly symposiums.The two organizations have come up with a joint plan to restore order, although the actual effects will not be seen until the future.The actual cooperative work proceeds in two ways.Some refugees come from cities along the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway. They want to return to their hometowns. In this regard, the Autonomous Committee will try to get them free transportation. Our committee is going to give each of these refugees a small amount of relief cash to help them overcome Life at the beginning of returning home was difficult.The Japanese authorities handed over 2,000 bags of rice to the Self-Government Committee for free distribution.The self-governing committee sold most of the batch of grain reserves that should be distributed by its relief department in their stores outside the safe zone, and the rice proceeds from the sale were returned to the relief department in batches.Currently the Relief Section has stated that, if we deem it necessary, a small portion of reserve rice will be distributed free of charge to each family returning to their homeland from our refugee shelter. Our cooperation with the Japanese authorities so far has really been limited to their acquiescence and toleration of what our committee does, while at the same time trying to limit our work as much as possible.Such restrictions have been eased in recent weeks.They allowed two large batches of rice to be shipped into the safe zone (the rice was not actually for our committee); they also promised to drive refugees out of the safe zone without force; they allowed us to ship 100 tons of broad beans from Shanghai Come here; we now have an entry permit for an American doctor who was formerly on the staff of the Drum Tower Hospital and is now back in Nanking.Even in January of this year, when our work was strictly restricted, the Japanese allowed the self-government committee to supply coal to the porridge factories in the safety zone. Of course we had to pay for the coal, because the coal was privately run.These porridge factories that work closely with our refugee shelters actually represent a wide-ranging interest group. Repatriation and distribution of grain reserves Since January 11, 1938, the Japanese authorities prohibited the sale of rice in the safety zone, but allowed residents to buy rice from the self-government committee's shop one mile south of the safety zone and bring the rice into the safety zone.In the beginning, each refugee was only allowed to buy 2 buckets of rice, but later he was allowed to buy a whole bag.Recently, another shop of the Self-Government Committee not far to the east outside the safe zone also sells flour, but of course it can only be sold in small quantities.In addition, as we mentioned earlier, two large batches of rice for the Autonomous Council were recently brought into the safe zone. Our grain reserves have been greatly reduced as our efforts to purchase supplementary grain locally or to import it from Shanghai have been thwarted by the Japanese.Currently we still have 1267 bags of rice, 266 bags of flour and 12 bags of broad beans.Therefore, our current food reserves can only be distributed free of charge for 2 weeks, that is, only enough to distribute until March 1st.Now we have taken preventive measures on the spot, that is, the Red Cross will buy the free distributed rice and pay for it in Xiaguan. We reached an agreement today that enables our refugee shelters to buy rice directly from the Home Council's grain stores, allowing our own small grain reserves to be kept in case there is a disruption to this unreliable supply channel. The Japanese Vice Admiral in Shanghai had issued a permit to ship 100 tons of broad beans to Nanking and land there, breaking the hitherto ban on grain shipments to Nanking for the first time. However, the Japanese military authorities in Nanking put forward a prerequisite for the broad beans to land and be transported into the city, that is, to hand over the broad beans to the self-government committee unconditionally.The batch of broad beans was originally entrusted to the University Hospital to sell, but when the matter was halfway through, the hospital expressed its position to the Japanese army and asked the Self-government Committee to transport the broad beans for the hospital, store them in the warehouse of the Self-Government Committee, and distribute them there free of charge to the poor.The Japanese military still rejects this proposal to this day.Our committee has not yet made up our minds to recommend that the hospital hand over this batch of goods to the self-government committee unconditionally, because the broad beans were purchased with the money entrusted to the international committee, so the international committee is responsible for the final destination of the goods.The decision to bring in the shipment was a meaningful attempt to see if a civilian relief organization here could bring in the food.Broad beans are an important part of common food in China and are currently unavailable in the market.Distributing this batch of broad beans for free to the poor will stop the malnutrition situation from worsening, so it will be of great help to the residents of Nanjing who have been living almost exclusively on porridge for two months.Our medical advisors also recommend the consumption of broad beans to prevent beriberi.The disease has emerged in refugee shelters. Efforts by the International Committee to urge the Japanese authorities to return the 10,933 sacks of rice and 10,000 sacks of flour which were legally given to the International Committee by the former Chinese authorities have been unsuccessful to this day (for full details on this see the Chairman of the International Committee, La Letter from Mr. Pei to the Japanese Embassy on January 27, 1938, document number 44). If one day we can no longer distribute food to the refugees ourselves, we will have to distribute cash relief instead, that is, as long as the self-governing committees sell rice and other food. From December 13, 1937 to February 12, 1938, the Japanese provided only 5,200 bags of rice (including the aforementioned 2,000 bags for free distribution) and 10,000 bags of flour. On February 12, the Japanese authorities notified the Self-Government Committee that they would provide the Self-Government Committee with 1,000 bags of rice per day within six days, and said that if the Self-Government Committee could bring in these reserves, it would continue to receive the same amount of supply.Regrettably, the Japanese did not keep this promise and only provided a total of 2,300 bags of rice in 3 days.However, in order to maintain the lives of 250,000 residents, 1,600 bags of rice are needed every day.As the private rations they had brought from home would soon be exhausted, the present supply was absolutely insufficient, and the situation was therefore critical.Since the Japanese occupied Nanking, all the food officially provided was not enough to last a week. Since about the end of January, farmers have been allowed to go to the fields outside the city to pick up vegetables and other things.But according to these folks, it's not worth the walk because there's very little left in the fields. Everything that was transported to the hospital, because of its small size, has hitherto been transported by foreign gunboats, and can be transported ashore without difficulty and handed over to the hospital.The real difficulty was in bringing in and distributing the food necessary for the population as a whole. Financial budget The property of our committee now totals 300,000 yuan.Donated by the following organizations. Nanjing: 80,000 yuan from the former Nanjing government Earning 13,000 yuan from selling rice Nanjing Christian War Relief Committee 7,000 yuan Subtotal 100,000 yuan Shanghai: China Bankers Association 50,000 yuan American Red Cross $25,000 British Mayor's Foundation 20,000 yuan Golden Rule Foundation ($1,900) 6,350 yuan Rotary International 2,500 yuan Seattle China Club ($610) 2035 yuan Other organizations (Shanghai Rescue Nanjing Committee has not yet transferred to our account) 109,115 yuan Subtotal 215,000 yuan A total of 315,000 yuan Because some of the above-mentioned funds are marketable securities subject to market fluctuations, for the sake of caution, we estimate the total property at 300,000 yuan. The financial budget attached here is to illustrate the total amount necessary for the next two and a half months until May 1.This financial budget only includes the money we can control at present, and it is limited to work in Nanjing, with an average of only 1.20 yuan per person. With the exception of a few drivers and coolies, the entire work of the International Committee was done by volunteer rescuers.So far, we have distributed only daily food rations and 12 cents for vegetables to Chinese volunteer workers.But because many of these people do not have any other income, and we do not want to unnecessarily overfill their relief reserves, we have decided to pay the Chinese assistants in cash starting February 1st, at a rate of about It is about 10 yuan to 35 yuan, including all sporadic expenses.During the transitional period, personnel must be transferred. From the refugee shelter management department to the restoration department, we need a total of 420 assistants, engaged in various tasks from coolies to committee members. other The International Committee is well aware that, in addition to the items listed in the financial budget, there are other equally important tasks that must be completed, and that these tasks can be completed provided that sufficient funds and personnel are available. Here we present the health status of the residents.They suffer from severe lack of nutrition for a long time, and often only have two meals a day, and they are only gruel.Also, these people are crowded together and live in a totally abnormal condition, which has a harmful effect on children, pregnant women and the infirm.These civilians should actually be treated by doctors at university hospitals.However, the hospital has a serious loss of staff and lacks funds, which is not compatible with the scale of the work scope.The medical work of the hospital should be expanded accordingly, clinics should be opened in various refugee shelters and urban areas, and a plan for medical and health work and observation of the health of the residents should be drawn up. The self-governing council will be able to maintain at most one hospital for a long time, and even then, just to save face. In addition, in the vicinity of Nanjing, many villages were burned and suffered serious war damage, and they also desperately needed Nanjing's relief.For example, we have received a call for relief from a nearly barren area, the Qixiashan refugee camp with a population of 24,000; we also received a request for relief from the Getangji with 2,000 refugees.We must take into account not only the hardship and poverty in the residential areas of the city, but also the fact that there are many people who have fled or been driven here from other places and now want to return to their homes; The country dwellers stranded in the cities are now waiting, to return to their native lands at the first opportunity. Vegetable growers and peasants in and around Nanjing are desperate because they don't know how to work their fields for spring sowing.The consequences would be catastrophic, as one can only hope that a fraction of the fields will be tilled.When we asked some farmers whether they had seeds for spring plowing, the answer was ironic: the question is not important, what matters is whether there will be enough rice to go on tomorrow.Only a few broad beans remained in the five large farms of Jinling University, and the rest were looted or burned by Japanese soldiers, including all houses, furniture, warehouses and grain reserves.Thousands of other farms shared the same bitter fate.It's a pity we can't take direct action to restore safety and allow people to go about their normal work.However, we must somehow get the seeds.If possible, livestock for plowing should also be obtained. Although 250,000 refugees of all ages do not have a single primary school, theater or stadium, we, unfortunately, cannot consider reopening primary schools and entertainment venues, as this is a "luxury" for us. in conclusion Despite all the difficulties and insecurities, the International Committee strives to stick to its program of work on a case-by-case basis, although we are often discouraged by the fact that large numbers of destitute refugees receive little to no relief.The International Committee is grateful for the generous assistance, good advice and great attention extended to it by many friendly organizations.We ask for continued assistance and recommendations so that our efforts can continue. Financial budget of Nanjing Safety Zone International Committee (passed on February 13, 1938) 1. Food 50,000 refugees need 10,000 bags of rice for 2 months (March and April), The price of each bag is 10 yuan, totaling 100,000 yuan Additional food 30,000 yuan Subtotal 130,000 yuan 2. fuel 10 tons of coal for porridge factory every day Coal burning for 2 months: 600 tons, 20 yuan per ton, 12,000 yuan in total 3. Restoring order Relief for 5,000 refugees returning to their hometowns other than Nanjing, 1 yuan per person, totaling 5,000 yuan Relief for 2,000 families (living in refugee shelters, their original houses were burned down) 10 yuan per family, totaling 20,000 yuan 75,000 yuan in direct relief through the provision of loans, labor relief, and various programs Subtotal 100,000 yuan A total of 242,000 yuan 4. Administration (3 months: February, March, April) (1) Living expenses of Chinese assistants: Number of staff per month for 3 months RMB 170 for 13 people in the headquarters office Manage housing and refugee shelters for 193 people 2350 yuan Food Department 51 people 520 yuan 1640 yuan for 128 people in the Ministry of Health 1,050 yuan for 35 people in the Department of Restoring Order Subtotal: 420 people, 5730 yuan, 17,190 yuan (2) Miscellaneous fees: 3 months Car: 360 yuan for 4 drivers Auto repair fee 200 yuan Trucks: 675 trucks of goods, rice and food and coal, 2 yuan per car 1350 yuan $250 for truck repairs Office miscellaneous expenses 100 yuan Subtotal 2260 yuan A total of 19,450 yuan 5. Fund for unplanned expenses the cost of restoring order, if no more important expenditure Total (money owned today) 301,450 yuan Nanjing, February 15, 1938 Dear Mr. Rabe: Please allow me to inform you that in order to see you off, a farewell tea party will be held at Jinling Experimental Primary School at 4:00 pm this Thursday, please attend! We all very much hope that you will abandon your travel plans and not leave us at this difficult time.Nanjing still needs you very much. best regards Signed: Minnie Watling Of the aforementioned reports of our committee (which were not to be published), what struck me most was the statement by the Red Swastika Society that, although it buries 200 corpses a day, there are still 30,000 corpses that have not yet been buried (many of them part in Shimonoseki).These figures refer to those Chinese soldiers who were finally killed. They were crowded in Xiaguan and could not cross the Yangtze River. The brutal massacre by the Japanese invaders in Nanjing spread all over the city and outside the city, leaving hundreds of thousands of dead bodies.The burial records left during the burial or disposal of these corpses have become convincing evidence that the Japanese army killed 300,000 of our compatriots.According to records, charitable organizations buried more than 185,000 corpses (among them, Chongshantang buried 112,267 corpses, Tongshantang buried more than 7,000 corpses, Red Swastika Society buried 43,123 corpses, and Red Cross buried 22,683 corpses About 400 corpses were buried by the Muslim burial team; more than 35,000 corpses were buried by private individuals (among them, 28,730 corpses were buried by Hunan timber merchants Sheng Shizheng and Chang Kaiyun, and 7,000 corpses were buried by citizens Rui Fangyuan, Zhang Hongru, and Yang Guangcai. The puppet regime buried more than 6,000 corpses (among them, Gao Guanwu, the supervisor of the pseudo-Nanjing Municipal Office, organized more than 3,000 remains, and Liu Lianxiang, the pseudo-Xiaguan district chief, organized 3,240 corpses). The Japanese army tried to cover up the Nanjing Massacre. As evidence of the crime, troops were also used to destroy corpses and traces. After careful deployment, they burned a large number of corpses first, and then threw them into the Yangtze River. The Japanese prisoner of war Ota Toshio was the major commander of the Nanjing Second Anchorage Command when Nanjing was captured. According to his confession , together with another major named Anda, deployed 800 soldiers, 10 cargo vehicles and 30 small boats to destroy the corpses at Xiaguan Wharf and east of Pukou. There were 19,000 corpses handled by Ota Shouo. Anda was responsible for handling 81,000 corpses. It is estimated that 50,000 corpses were thrown into the river by other troops. The total number of corpses destroyed by the Japanese army is 150,000. From the above statistics, it can be concluded that the number of victims in the Nanjing Massacre reached 300,000. The above conclusion. Due to the limitation of time and space, Rabe’s explanation of the Red Swastika Society is only the burial situation of the Red Swastika Society in Xiaguan at that time.) One by one, all my American friends invited me to bid me farewell, although none of them had much to eat themselves.Now it was Miss Minnie Watling's turn to invite me to tea and say good-bye.Miss Watling earned my special respect for leading 400 fleeing women and girls through the city during the worst days of December and placing them in the safety of the refugee shelter at Ginling Girls' Arts and Sciences . Mr. Geoffrey, the representative of the British embassy, ​​promised me today that he will request the British navy for me to let me either take the steamer "Wantong" of Swire Pacific on February 22, or the British gunboat "" which will sail two days later. "Ephesus" to Shanghai, I can take a servant (with the consent of the Japanese embassy).Therefore, there is still one week, ah, and then I will go back to my country! Jimmy Wang of the Self-Government Committee, who is also (secretly) a member of our organization, told me that the Chinese have decided to buy our headquarters house at No. 5 Ninghai Road as a gift to our committee.What a great idea.The Home Council has no money at the moment, though that doesn't seem to matter, I can imagine that the current owners (the Bank Syndicate and Minister Zhang Qun) will gift the house for this purpose, in which case the Home Council is not used at all spend a penny. Mr. Allison of the American embassy brought word that the "faba bean problem" had been resolved and that broad beans had been allowed to be imported and distributed both inside and outside the safe zone. It is probable that I will leave here on the 22nd or 23rd of February on the "Wantong" (that is, the steamer that brought the broad beans here).According to what I just heard, this ship was also allowed to take the refugees on the three-masted sailing ship of Jardine Matheson (that is, the Chinese refugees still on the three-masted sailing ship) to Shanghai.Mr. Li Qi, the postal commissioner, is negotiating with the Japanese to open up the postal service here.So far he has had no success in restoring mail to any of the devastated areas. Nanjing, February 16, 1938 Telegram to Wickley, Golden Rule Foundation Lincoln Building, New York The remittance has been received, thank you. Of the 250,000 Nanjing civilians, 50,000 now live on free food rations.Because economic life is estimated to be unlikely to resume for several months, the situation may worsen if the relief is not continued.We intend to expand medical services at University Hospitals, to provide relief to the thousands of families whose fathers or husbands have been killed or taken away, and the thousands of families whose houses have been burned.We want to provide seeds and livestock for plowing the fields so that vegetable growers and farmers in the area around Nanjing can start farming again.There is no family that has not suffered in some way from the scourge of war.We therefore request continued relief. Fitch Nanjing Safety Zone International Committee, No. 5, Ninghai Road, Nanjing, February 16, 1938, to the Autonomous Committee Nanjing Please allow me to confirm in writing the discussions I had not long ago with the distinguished representative of your Committee.During the discussions we agreed that the full administrative responsibility that the previous municipality had given to our International Committee would end with the creation of the Autonomous Committee and be handed over to your organization which has now fully assumed this responsibility.From this point forward, our committee will be a purely civil relief organization.From our point of view, the safe zone should also cease to exist. We are pleased to learn that Mr. Fang Hou has been appointed as the District Chief of District 4, which, we have heard, includes the area where the former security zone is located.We are more than happy to cooperate with Mr. Fang at any time and support his work where possible. with great respect your most loyal Signed: GA Fitch director general The farewell tea organized by Miss Minnie Watling was very pleasant.In addition to Dr. Bates and Fitch, Mr. Leech, the Post Commissioner, Mr. Allison and Dr. Rosen were invited.There are many good things to eat, but it is very hard to say goodbye.There are still 3,000 girls and women in the University Refugee Shelter. They surrounded the gate and asked me to promise not to leave them alone, that is to say, they asked me not to leave Nanjing.They all knelt on the ground, crying and screaming, and when I was about to leave, they just dragged my clothes back.I had to leave my car.After I struggled to make a way out of the gate, the door behind me was closed immediately.I had to walk home.这一切听上去十分伤心和夸张，但谁要是也见到过这里的悲惨情景，他就会理解我们给予这些穷人的保护意昧着什么。其实这一切都是理所当然的事，从我们方面而言，它与某种英雄品质并无任何关系。 委员会会议：“蚕豆问题”将最终得到解决。我们给上海克劳德·汤姆逊发去了下述电报： 南京，1938年2月18日电报致克劳德·汤姆逊，上海 因为我们得到了这里日本军事当局的保证，如果将蚕豆交由自治委员会分发，他们就对在前安全区内或区外分发蚕豆不加任何限制。因为我们深信自治委员会将会令人满意地做好分发工作，我们国际委员会和大学医院决定将分发蚕豆的工作交由自治委员会办理。“万通”号轮船目前尚在芜湖，可能会在下周三返回南京，对卸货事宜会事先做好必要的准备。我们谨请您注意，我们委员会已将名称改为“南京国际救济委员会”。信函明天发出。——斯迈思 我任命米尔斯先生为副主席或执行主席的提议被接受了。我还要留任约两个月。如果以后我回不了南京，米尔斯可能将被顺理成章地任命为主席。我们决定，将安全区委员会的名称如同在上述电报中指出的那样更改为“南京国际救济委员会”。索恩先生被指定为去美国旅行的菲奇先生的继任人。斯迈思先生除任秘书的职务外，暂时还将继续担任财务主管职务，但以后应该减轻他的负担。跌伤脚的里格斯先生在痊愈后主要应该为恢复秩序部工作，因为他在“农业方面”有很好的经验，他将放弃恢复秩序部运输主任的职务。今天离开上海来南京的布雷迪大夫将以他的一部分时间为南京国际救济委员会工作，鼓楼医院将为此得到某种方式的补偿。 我和以前一样，仍是南京国际红十字会的委员。 陆今天和辛德贝格驾车去栖霞山江南水泥厂。 上海路上的售货棚被拆掉了，其中一部分又在山西路搭了起来。 福田到总部来访问我，通知我去上海的事已最终被批准了。他不知道还准许我带一个佣人走的事，因此他还要了解一下。也许我带蔡一起走。“万通”号已定于2月23日起航。 从英国大使馆得到消息说，我可以乘英国炮艇“蜜蜂”号在星期三即2月23日起程。“万通”号要晚些时间才到达这里。我感激地接受了这个建议。杰弗里先生想打听一下，我是否可以将53箱家用物品由“万通”号运往上海。日本大使馆的福井也表示要努力就船运事宜获得日本军方当局的准许。如果得不到许可，我就不得不把我的东西留在这里。家具反正必须留在这里，只是可惜都没有包扎好，因为我现在已无法搞到木箱。 国际委员会的中国人想要于明天下午4时在总部给我举行一个盛大的招待会。我必须赶快写好一份讲话稿，恰如其分地对每个人表扬一番。那些美国人（他们当然全都被邀请参加这个招待会）还要于明天晚上8时在平仓巷为各个大使馆举行一个特别的招待会。我感到特别高兴的是他们也邀请了日本人。罗森博士是否还会来很成问题。他说，他不愿意再和“刽子手们”在一起聚会。这对一个外交人员来说肯定是太过分了，但是很难和他这个人打交道。 下文译自中文。 南京，1938年2月17日致约翰·拉贝先生南京安全区国际委员会主席南京 Dear Mr. Rabe: 日本人占领本城后，从1937年12月16日起押走了许多中国人，据说是命令这些人为他们从事必要的劳动。这些人绝大部分是年轻人，有些还是未成年的孩子，我们的独生儿子也在内，他们都没有兄弟。许多人是商人家庭出身，从来没有当过兵，另一些人是手工业者或是小商贩，但大家都是本分的公民。现在留在家里的只有孤苦伶仃无依无靠的父母和祖父母，以及无人养活的妻子儿女。 我们从未有过财富。在您建立安全区时，我们希望能够在那里继续我们的生活和工作，并且不会受到伤害。可是，64天前，日本人突然从那里抱走了我们的儿子，我们直到今天还没有听到他们的消息。我们这些老老少少、女人们和孩子们，在安全区没有任何收入，在风里雨里，在严寒的冰雷天。等待着他们归来。如果这种情况继续下去，我们这些从未当过兵的人就会因饥饿和寒冷而死去。我们不知道我们的儿子们在哪里，也不知道他们如今怎么样，家属们日日夜夜都是在泪水中度过的，其中有些年老的和身体虚弱的因悲痛而病倒了。我们的笔难以给您描述这些人的痛苦。你们的委员会过去曾表示过，你们感到有责任去调查那些被押走的人和失踪者的下落。我们曾于1月28日和2月1日两次给您写信。现在又过去了几个星期，但是毫无结果。我们大家（我们这些为儿子、大夫及其他人担心的人）走投无路，不知该向谁求救，但我们知道您心肠好、怜悯人，因此再次请求您找到能帮助我们的方法和途径，使那些年轻人能够回到我们身边，把赡养者还给家庭，搭救我们的性命。请求您告诉我们，您能为我们做些什么？那些年轻人是否还活着？他们此刻在哪里？（活着还是死了？）他们是否还能回到我们这里？什么时候能够回来？请您不要对我们隐瞒什么。请您把详细情况告诉我们。我们相信您的好心肠和怜悯心，我们将一辈子都感激您。 Sincerely, salute! you are very faithful 24名难民的代表（签名） 尤朱氏朱唐氏王苏氏 许朱氏许潘氏费于氏 南京，1938年2月19日致难民尤朱氏朱唐氏王苏氏许朱氏许潘氏费于氏南京 你们2月17日的来信已悉。我们向你们保证，我们对你们的痛苦深感震惊。关于请求调查你们来信中提到的那些年轻人下落以及他们的命运（是死还是活），他们是否或何时能够再回来，我们已经不遗余力地尽了我们最大的努力去搭救他们。我们一再向日本人提出有关这方面的问题，他们的答复总是千篇一律，说他们对查询的年轻人一无所知。 你们可以从中看出，为了满足你们的请求，我们已想尽一切办法，不惜一切辛劳。令人感到极大遗憾的是我们无法回答你们的询问。我们希望你们会理解我们的难处。 假如你们无法维持生活，我们请你们向我们委员会的恢复秩序部提出申请，说明你们家庭的人数、年龄和目前的生活状况，请求给予救济。这样我们委员会肯定不会拒绝你们申请的。 kind regards Signed: John Rabe 大学医院南京1938年2月19日 尊敬的拉贝先生和斯迈思先生： 昨天我对你们有关医院财务情况作了错误的通报，对此深表遗憾。 简而言之，我记得，红十字会对在我院三等病房免费治疗的病员支付了一个月的费用共5000元。昨天我却以为，南京安全区国际委员会额外同样付给了我们5000元，供一个月的。但现在查明，我们只收到了红十字会的5000元，这个款额也只是供1938年2月用的。 根据我的仔细估计，我们每月结算要透支5000元～6000元，而且是从1937年11月底起。我们的医疗活动至今几乎都是依靠11月底以前存在仓库的储备药品和包扎材料等维持的。 我们的病员一天比一天更付不出医疗费用了。但是，在我们预算的基础上和在缺少受过培训的医生、护士和助手的情况下，我们还是尽一切可能做好工作。 我们指望依靠贵方的合作和帮助，以克服我们的透支情况。 对贵方的帮助预致谢意。没有贵方的帮助我们是无法支持到今天的。 kind regards Your 签名：CS特里默 又及：我还记得，您还结清了中国政府为治疗士兵欠我们的账目。现特附上一份今年2月初所作财务报告的副本，使您手头有这个数目。 金陵大学医院1938年2月初的财务报告 这是我们能够提出的第一份财务报告，供我们的朋友们和捐助者了解我们目前维持医院活动的状况。报告采用月度预算形式，我们建议把这个试预算看作是今后6个月的基础。本报告参照过去两个月的经验，提出报告前已将各个项目和过去6年的实际支出作了比较和核对。从预算中可以看出，我们每月的全部开支目前为1.4791万元，而我们以往的正常预算为2.36万元。 我们估计每月总收入为2000元，与过去每月2.1万余元的收入相比大大地减少了。尽管我们的医疗活动范围没有过去大，服务内容没有过去多，但我们对病员的服务并没有减少。诚然，服务是十分重要的，这里的重病员和贫困病员都需要它。过去两个月，我们实际上每月向病员收费约2500元。尽管如此，我们不得已决定将2000元的小笔款额估算为向病员的收费收入。这些病员都是难民，他们仅有的一点现金在今后6个月将会大大地减少。 这意味着，如果不想负债的话，我们每月必须筹集到1.0748万元。我们希望，我们能从救济基金中得到相当于免费病员在医院实际治疗费用的款额，即每天每人约8角钱。我们过去两个月的预算通过当地的红十字会得以补足或平衡。它答应1月份给我们5000元，但我们工作的实际费用达6000元左右。 如果全部病例确实都是三等病员，我们当然无法抵偿这笔费用开支。每天8角钱的款额是这样计算出来的，即除去三等病员外，还有一等、二等和特等病员，由此三等病员的费用得到了补偿。因此，如果要想把我们的医疗活动维持下去，我们就必须每月至少有5000元的补助。我们同时将本报告寄给南京当地的救济组织、大学校长及财务主管，以及我们在中国和美国的朋友们及捐助人。目前的邮政情况不允许我们等待进一步的答复。 您一定会理解，这里提出的要求是我们在困境下所需要的最基本需求。我们的医生和护士人数有限，他们医疗工作的时间很少。我们现在实际上只有5名医生和30名护士，过去却有22名医生和92名护士。我们所能找到的中国医生和护士与我们的其他人员相比，他们受过的训练太少，经验也不足。有一些护士只上过一个月的急救培训班。因此我们现在的医疗业务水平并不高。我们正努力尽可能地提高全体职工的水平，对增加的人员进行试用。但在这个预算中并未安排有提高职工业务水平以及改善业务状况的经费。 在预算中也没有规定扩大我们业务的经费。但是，改善公共卫生和在许多收容所里开设医疗诊所已迫在眉睫。仅在大学校区估计就住有1.9万名难民。我们请求布雷迪大夫回来，并请另一名外国医生和两名外国护士也到南京来，但只有这些人作为志愿救护人员并由外界支付他们的费用才有可能。医院的费用也必须由特别的救济基金来承担。 我们相信，我们在这里做了很好的工作。在我们最初决心继续开展医院的业务时，我们并未想到钱和生活费用的事。但是，现在如果要想继续我们的工作，我们就必须想到筹措经费的问题。诚然，我们信任我们的朋友们和捐助者会出主意。我们打算先继续做好今后6个月的工作，希望会取得比今天预算中提出的更好的结果。 本报告系由金陵大学副校长MS贝茨博士、医院的牧师特里默大夫和医院领导委员会委员、现任院长麦卡勒姆牧师送达给您。 签名：CS特里默大夫 MS贝茨博士 麦卡勒姆牧师 an attachment 金陵大学医院1938年2月、7月紧急状态预算的建议 每月支出 外国人员薪水2400元 中国人员薪水2200元 行政管理350元 经营和维持2191元 厨房2500元 洗衣房50元 亚麻布250元 外科和药品供应等1750元 药房和药品商店2500元 实验室250元 其他（请求？）350元 合计1.4791万元 每月收入 传教士薪水1600元 传教补贴360元 赠礼（亚麻布内衣）83.33元 病员收费收入2000元 计4043.33元 透支1.0748万元 合计1.4791万元 我们建议，免费病员的5748元由救济基金支付，其余每月由医院的捐助人募捐筹集5000元作为补贴。 南京国际救济委员会南京宁海路5号1938年2月19日致上海救援南京委员会PF普赖斯牧师先生亲收上海 我们委员会对您提供的慷慨救济向您表示最衷心的感谢。我们特别感谢您为我们的利益举行的募捐活动，获得捐款21.1万元，并借此机会确认已收到您通过乔治·菲奇先生在2月12日转交的2万元现金款以及美国红十字会的另一笔为数1.5万元的款额。此外，我们也十分感谢您克服众多困难在短时期内办成了发运蚕豆事宜。这批蚕豆于下个月交货，对于这里居民的健康尤其是（如同我们所希望的）对在难民中抑止脚气病的蔓延十分适时。 2月18日，南京安全区国际委员会决定将其名称更改为“南京国际救济委员会”，此名称更符合委员会的工作性质，便于委员会继续开展自己的工作。 鉴于我即将离开南京，现特通知您，我们委员会于2月18日选举WP米尔斯牧师先生为副主席，同时接受了我任命刘易斯SC斯迈思博士先生为财务副主任的提议。此外，斯迈思博士先生仍留任他目前的秘书职务。 此外，我们要告诉您，乔治·菲奇先生在上海为我们委员会在纽约国家城市银行开立了两个账户，即一个账号为18412的美元储蓄账户，一个为当地货币的支票账户。菲奇先生于2月18日将这两个账户转到了我们的财务主管刘易斯·斯迈思博士的名下，并请求银行对来自美国汇到菲奇先生名下的汇款（电汇或期票）记入斯迈思先生的这两个账户。 对于您给予的一切援助，我再次表示衷心感谢。我向您保证，尽管我现在必须离开南京返回德国，但我仍将一如既往地关心这里的工作。 kind regards 您永远忠实的 Signed: John Rabe chairman 斯迈思博士先生的签名如下： LewisS.C.Smythe 南京国际救济委员会南京宁海路5号1938年2月19日致自治委员会南京保泰街 我们谨通知贵委员会，南京安全区国际委员会已于2月18日将其名称更改为“南京国际救济委员会”，该名称更符合其目前的工作性质。 贵委员会自今年1月1日即自贵委员会成立以来给予了我们帮助，我们借此机会表示我方衷心的感谢，并希望能为了南京贫苦市民的利益，继续与贵委员会进行良好的合作。 致以最崇高的敬意 Signed: John Rabe chairman 南京国际救济委员会南京宁海路5号1938年2月19日致罗森博士先生德国大使馆南京 尊敬的罗森博士先生： 我们谨通知您，南京安全区国际委员会已于2月18日决定将其名称更改为“南京国际救济委员会”，该名称更符合委员会的工作性质，便于委员会继续开展自己的工作。 我们借此机会，谨向贵大使馆自安全区建立以来所给予的道义上的支持表示衷心感谢，同时对您给予我们委员会救济工作的关心深表谢忱。 with great respect Signed: John Rabe chairman 同样内容的公函也发给了美国大使馆和英国大使馆。 事后呈送的1938年2月12日17时在平仓巷3号召开的南京安全区国际委员会会议纪要如下： 出席的委员：拉贝、米尔斯、里格斯、马吉、斯迈思和菲奇总干事、索恩副总干事 1.菲奇先生报告了他的上海之行。他在那里查明，人们为我们南京的工作总共募捐到约21万元，其中5万元为自由债券（JC汤姆逊博士2月9日来信报告的总数为21.1万元，其中10万元为自由债券）。 2.斯迈思博士先生代表特别委员会（预算委员会）作关于预算的报告。 会议中断，改为2月13日9时在宁海路5号继续举行。 会议于1938年2月13日9时30分在宁海路5号继续举行。 出席者：拉贝先生、米尔斯先生、贝茨先生、马吉先生、菲奇先生和索恩先生。 3.继续作关于预算和薪水支付报告。 4.米尔斯先生报告关于恢复秩序部有关使用10万元的计划。该款是预算委员会规定用于恢复秩序部工作的。 113.会议决定，通过预算以及恢复秩序部提出的计划和下属委员会关于薪水及工资的建议，并同意用4万元作为“计划外支出基金”，从而使预算结算为30.145万元。 会议于11时结束。 Replenish 南京，1938年2月17日 这是对1938年2月14日《南京安全区国际委员会关于形势的内部报告》的补充。 自该报告于2月14日写成以来，有些方面的情况发生了变化。 1.蚕豆 我们和日本人关于从上海船运蚕豆与靠岸事宜的谈判今天已告结束。日本人声明，假如该蚕豆交由自治委员会办理，他们对在安全区以内或以外分发蚕豆不作任何限制。因为我们对自治委员会的食品委员抱有充分的信任，我们相信，蚕豆分发会令人满意，已不存在任何困难，我们现已满足了日本人的愿望。 2.大米 我们难民收容所在前3天从自治委员会的店里买到了大米，但对其购买必须加以限制，因为自治委员会担心日本人会禁止卖米给难民收容所。这期间，红十字会在城里私人处购买到1340袋米，此刻正在运入这批储备粮。我们试图在江北的六合采购，可惜没有成功。因此，我们希望，我们能够通过各种途径还能购买到足够的大米，以便我们的储备粮足够供应现在还依靠我们免费口粮的2.7万多名难民的生活。 日本人关于在6天内每天给自治委员会运送1000袋米的提议，其结果令人十分失望。尽管有着大量的卡车可供每天运送1000袋米，但在前3天每天却只运送了300袋～400袋米。因此在6天内运送的总数只有3200袋米，即只有许诺数量的一半，为每天必需数量的三分之一。自治委员会派出了一批人到南京以外的地方去寻找大米，取得了一定的成绩。 3.卫生保健 一个最严重的问题是妇女们被日本士兵强奸后染上的性病。我们希望尽快加强治疗工作，通过免费治疗治愈这些病人。还有一个棘手的问题是，那些母亲们到我们这里来，要求解决她们的未婚女儿被日本士兵强奸后造成的恶果。在此以前，大学医院坚决拒绝这种堕胎，导致这些家庭自己采取办法，这给那些年轻女子的健康和生命带来严重危险。 再有要解决的是注射天花疫苗问题。我们希望，待预期在下周抵达的其他医生来到这里后能够大规模地开展注射疫苗工作。 4.更改名称 国际委员会早已考虑更改其“南京安全区国际委员会”的名称，为此选择一个新的名称，以更好地符合其目前作为纯民间救济组织的工作性质。为了更好地表达我们存在的理由，不久前，我们在与日本人谈判有关运进蚕豆事宜时，向日方提出更名的想法，可以看出，日本当局对更名是十分欢迎的。因此很有可能在您收到这份报告之前我们委员会的名称已经更改为“南京国际救济委员会”了（2月18日就已改名）。 5.恢复秩序 这两周，日本军事当局在他们的部队内部成功地恢复了较好的秩序。因此，我们希望将来能够比以往更为积极地处理救援和救济问题。 南京安全区国际委员会1938年2月18日理事会会议纪要 出席者：拉贝、贝茨、米尔斯、特里默、马吉、施佩林、斯迈思 会议作出了如下决定： 114.鉴于日本大使馆已向美国大使馆阿利森先生作出保证，如果最近从上海船运到这里的100吨蚕豆交由自治委员会分发，就不对在本城任何一个区（即安全区以内或以外）分发这批蚕豆加以任何限制，因为自治委员会也声明愿意就分发蚕豆事宜和我们合作，本委员会为此决定：同意该项建议，并随即委托委员会的食品委员索恩先生和韩（湘琳）先生采取相应的预备措施。 115.决定“南京安全区国际委员会”自即日起以“南京国际救济委员会”的名称继续工作，这个新名称更符合其现在的工作性质。委托秘书斯迈思博士先生将更改名称事项通知各大使馆以及上海各有关救援组织。 116.WP米尔斯牧师先生被选为本委员会的副主席，因此在拉贝先生退出后就不必再选举一名新的主席。 117.刘易斯SC斯迈思先生被任命为财务副主任。 118.在菲奇先生离开以后，应该请HL索恩先生担任总干事的职务。 119.决定请求大学医院在布雷迪大夫先生抵达这里后先为我们工作一段时期，以便在难民收容所里进行防疫注射工作，同时在收容所里设立医疗站。本委员会愿意为布雷迪大夫先生的工作承担费用。 120.应该请里格斯先生从2月21日起，为恢复秩序部抽出尽可能多的时间，关心南京周围地区的农业工作。 会议于11时30分结束。 Signed: Lewis SC Smythe