Chapter 21 February 38 Diary 1

Rosen disputed the aforementioned call to Dr. Lautenschlager.In order not to hurt the peace, we also made concessions, after all, Rosen was not invited to dinner at that time.Therefore we cannot say that all the Germans in Nanking participated in the celebration. Complaints from the Chinese came from all directions. After they returned home, their wives and daughters were raped by Japanese soldiers.So many people returned to the safe zone today.We don't know, what else can we do but accept them? Nanjing Situation Report Nanjing, January 31, 1938 deportation of refugees from shelters

On the afternoon of January 28, the Autonomous Committee convened a meeting of all the heads of the districts of the International Committee.Mr. Matsuoka of the Japanese Army’s secret service in Ningxia presided over the meeting. At the beginning, he read out the following notice: 1. Security issues: In view of the fact that the refugees are afraid of returning to their original places of residence, it has been decided that the Japanese secret service is solely responsible for maintaining law and order.To this end, take the following 3 measures: (1) Set up an alarm call, and in the event of a disturbance, the military police or special forces will be on call.

(2) The intersections of the main streets are guarded by military police, and Japanese soldiers are prohibited from wandering on these streets at will. (3) The Japanese secret service posted notices in all public buildings and places, prohibiting Japanese soldiers from entering the above-mentioned buildings and areas. 2. Refugees return to their original place of residence: All refugees are required to return to their original place of residence by February 4th (7 days after the date of announcement).If this requirement is not complied with, the Refugee Zone (International Committee) is disbanded and Japanese soldiers expel all refugees from the safe zone.

3. Vendors: Each district is responsible for designating and registering business premises for vendors.Provides 100 bags of rice.Dismantle the small grass sheds set up by small traders on both sides of the streets in the safe zone. Regarding the questions put to himself, he responded as follows: 1. Registration of extremely poor refugees who could not pay for their living expenses; they would live in new refugee camps set up by the Japanese and receive free food rations. 2. Register homeless refugees and provide them with empty houses to live in. 3. As for the security problem, it is more difficult to solve, because the soldiers are difficult to deal with, and the number of gendarmes is not enough.But the number of gendarmes is increasing day by day, and the law and order situation will improve accordingly.

4. Today, it is not yet possible to say for sure when every post will be equipped with military police. 5. A new refugee camp is under preparation, and refugees will be able to move in soon. 6. In order to encourage private business activities, the number of rice stacks will increase. Attitude of the International Committee At a meeting of the International Committee on January 29, it was decided that all efforts should be made to help refugees survive the crisis by: 1. Apply to the Japanese authorities, first ask them to ensure the safety of the refugees living in the newly designated area, and secondly, allow time for relocation.Once order is restored and maintained, the refugees will return home voluntarily.

2. In order to alleviate the suffering of refugees as much as possible, is it possible to try the following schemes: (1) Ask the Self-Government Council to take over the refugee shelter located in the government building instead of sending the refugees to a new refugee camp. (2) Provide any possible form of assistance to those refugees who must return, especially those whose houses have been burned. On Sunday, January 30th, the police and soldiers were entrusted by the secret service to issue notices in various refugee shelters, all refugees must leave the refugee shelters by February 4th at the latest, otherwise all property will be sealed and the buildings will be closed.

Atrocities of Japanese Soldiers During this period, some new atrocities by Japanese soldiers were reported to us.This proves that no matter whether it is inside or outside the safe zone, there is still a long way to go before the real restoration of order.Encouragingly, in some cases on January 30, some Japanese soldiers were caught by the military police on the spot and arrested.However, the punishment for such incidents has so far been limited to minor corporal punishment, or a military salute after being reprimanded by the offending soldier.Below are some brief reports of Japanese atrocities.The first two should have been reported long ago, but were unfortunately ignored.

(210) On the night of January 21, two Japanese soldiers searched for women at No. 44 Gaojia Tavern. Fortunately, the women from this house had gone to Jinda High School the day before.The two soldiers then extorted cigarettes and money from people.Since the family was poor, they went to the next door.There they met two women and raped them in front of their husbands. On January 22, the two soldiers and two companions stood in front of this house with a smile. (Thorn) (211) On the afternoon of January 25, a Chinese woman was admitted to Gulou Hospital.The couple lived in a hut near the Bible teacher training school in the refugee area. On December 13, Japanese soldiers took her husband away, and she was taken to a certain place in the south of the city, where she was detained.She was raped 7 to 10 times a day, and she was only allowed to sleep for a while at night.Possibly because she was already sick, she was in a bad condition and was released 5 days ago.She has been infected with 3 kinds of venereal diseases: syphilis, white turbidity and chancre. These diseases are very serious and easily contagious. She suffered from these diseases in a short period of time.She returned to the safe zone immediately after her release. (Wilson)

(212) On the afternoon of January 29, a young woman came out of a refugee shelter and went to Mochou Road to buy flour. On the way, she was dragged by Japanese soldiers onto a truck bound for Confucius Temple. About 20 other people were arrested in the truck. someone's girl.According to her, she was assigned to a Japanese army officer.Seeing her crying, a Chinese servant out of sympathy gave her an idea to escape her bad luck.While the officers were eating, she stuck her fingers down her throat and made herself vomit, and the officers chased her out of the room.She took this opportunity to escape and finally rushed back to the refugee shelter at 2 am the next day. (Bates)

(213) On January 29, 3 women were raped by Japanese soldiers in Anleli, south of Jinling Middle School. (Bates) (214) On January 29, 8 refugees in Jinling Middle School were robbed by Japanese soldiers on Mochou Road. (215) At 9 o'clock in the evening on January 28, Japanese soldiers broke into the Tianming bathroom on the side of Zhongshan East Road (east of the Japanese secret service office, in the area where Japanese troops were stationed), extorted money from three handymen, and shot them Two people were seriously injured and another was killed.The bath was opened by the Self-Government Committee at the request of the Japanese, and the Japanese army had promised special protection. (Smythe)

(216) On the afternoon of January 30, a Japanese soldier broke into the No. 1 and No. 3 courtyards of Qianyin Lane (American residential areas, the residences of Frank Price and Handel Lee respectively) to search for women.Unable to find it, he crossed the road and dragged a woman from the Bible Teacher Training School.At this time, a team of gendarmes passed by, arrested him immediately, and took the soldier and the woman away. (mills) (217) At 4:20 p.m. on January 30, I drove from my residence to the church in Pingcang Lane. When I was about to turn into Hankou Road, I was stopped by more than 50 Chinese people. They told me that a Japanese soldier A Chinese woman was dragged into No. 4 Xuejiaxiang, not far from the Ministry of Justice.I was led there immediately by the group, and I found the house had been looted, with all kinds of debris lying on the ground.There was no one in the first room, a coffin was parked in the second room, straw and sundries were piled up in the next room, and the Japanese soldier was just about to rape the woman on the ground.He tried to stop me from entering the room, and I grabbed his arm and dragged him down the corridor.When he saw the group of Chinese people and my car waiting at the gate, he ran away and disappeared into the ruins of the neighbor's house.At this point the woman also left and I continued driving to the church. (Rabe) (218) On January 31, according to Mr. McCallum, he saw 19 pianos in the Japanese Gendarmerie.Two of the three pianos stolen from Zhonghua Girls' School (Christian Girls' High School) were found here.Two more were stolen from the Christian church on Zhonghua Road in the south of the city.He also found one of his own pianos, and another instrument was returned to its original owner thanks to his detailed description. (McCallum)/Note: Mr. McCallum was stabbed in the neck by a Japanese soldier not long ago, and he has recovered. (219) According to Mr. John Magee, there is a family in the south of the city with a total of 13 members. On January 13th and 14th, Japanese soldiers killed 11 members of the family, and all the women were raped and killed.Only 2 children survived, and these 2 children narrated the tragedy. (Maggie) food availability January 30: The Japanese handed over another 1,000 bags of rice to the Self-Government Committee, making a total of 4,200 bags since December 13. January 31: Food reserves stockpiled to feed the poor are exhausted.Follow-up supplies are hopeless.According to the broadcast report of the National Church of Christ, the food has been loaded and ready to be shipped in Shanghai, but it was stopped by the Japanese army. Smythe Report from Jinling University (translated from Chinese) Date: January 30 Name: O'Day Gender: Female Age: unknown After seeing the notice from the Self-Government Committee, I wanted to go back to my home in Xiyinma Lane with my two daughters.On the way we were stopped by three Japanese soldiers, who took away the only 3 yuan and 2 cents I had with me.So we went back to the refugee shelter. Date: January 31 Name: Ye Jinmu (transliteration) Sex: Male Age: unknown According to this person, he found a large puddle of blood on the street at the junction of Shimapo Lane and Danfeng Street.After inquiring, I learned that three people were killed by Japanese soldiers on their way home yesterday.I request an investigation into this matter. Date: January 28 Name: Ding Lishi Gender: Female Age: unknown Back home in West China Lane, I met some Japanese soldiers who were forcing my 70-year-old grandmother to find girls for them.This prompted me to rush back to the refugee shelter. Date: January 28 Name: Su Maosheng (transliteration) Sex: Male Age: unknown On the way back to my home at No. 171, Shengzhou Road, I was robbed by several Japanese soldiers.They robbed me of 42 yuan and only let me keep 30 cents.My house was burned. Date: January 29 Name: Sulu Gender: Female Age: 64 We returned to our home at No. 247 Guofu Road.But yesterday morning six Japanese soldiers broke into my house and locked our family in a room.They ransacked the whole house and took everything from us, even the $1.40 I had with me.Please let us go back to the refugee shelter. Date: January 28th to 31st Name: Li Wang Gender: Female Age: 28 years old A few days ago, several Japanese soldiers broke into my home at No. 321 Houzaimen.My landlord Liu Wenlong's wife was injured by Japanese soldiers because she refused to find girls for them.I fled in desperation and hid in an air-raid shelter.Please let me go back to the refugee shelter. Date: January 29 Name: Zhou Biqing (transliteration) Sex: Male Age: unknown On January 29, he saw with his own eyes that Japanese soldiers lured some women and girls to the old rice warehouse under the pretext of exchanging rice noodles for chickens and ducks, and then raped them. Date: January 31 Name: Ma Qingren (transliteration) Sex: Male Age: unknown After hearing the announcement from the Self-Government Committee, I returned home with my whole family on January 31, but Japanese soldiers broke into my house every day, asking for money and girls, so we had to leave again. Date: February 1 Name: Gu Wushi Gender: Female Age: unknown I live at No. 13 Qianzhang Lane next to Anpin Street.Last night I went home to fetch rice, and was raped by Japanese soldiers as soon as I got home.They also robbed me of my belongings, so I hurried back to the refugee shelter. Date: January 30 Name: Yao Sex: Male Age: unknown Yao is the owner of a shop in Shuiximen.When he returned to his shop today, he encountered a Japanese soldier who was extorting money from him.Yao is rich.Soon the soldier came again, and he asked his neighbors about Yao's whereabouts. At this time, Yao had already returned to the refugee shelter. At 8 o'clock this morning, more than 4 houses near Xinjiekou (Potsdamer Platz) were on fire. Fitch arrived in Shanghai yesterday."The situation in Nanjing is improving," he said, according to radio reports.This small improvement in the situation can only be felt occasionally, but unfortunately it never lasts.But it is groundless to say that the situation has improved enough to make people shed "tears of joy".The reason why Fitch's tone is so "soft" is probably to allow him to return to Nanjing.According to the broadcast at 1 o'clock this afternoon, Mr. Braun wants to board a Japanese ship bound for Wuhu from Shanghai.It seemed that he was indeed allowed to come in this direction, and the destination was Wuhu, where fierce fighting was taking place nearby. According to a statistics by Han, 21 of the 135 households (a total of more than 600 people) who took refuge in our place were homeless because their houses were burned down.Some refugees went home crying yesterday.People didn't trust the Japanese army at all, and rightfully so.As evidenced by reports from the previous two refugee shelters (25 in total), there is no safe place to speak of.Yesterday, General Honma arrived in Nanjing under the special carte blanche of Tokyo and was responsible for rebuilding order here.He will stay here for two days, but it is doubtful whether he can achieve the expected purpose within these two days.Dr. Rosen took my letter of January 30 and talked to Honma about the plight of the refugees, but the impression I got was that I couldn't expect any good news from him. At noon today, I had a lunch meeting with Dr. Rosen and Hidaka (counselor in Shanghai) at Rosen's residence.It is evident from the report below that a total of 88 atrocities committed by Japanese soldiers were registered during the past 3 days.That's even better than the worst we've had in December.When I submitted this report to Hidaka, he expressed regret for the behavior of these "Japanese hooligans".It is said that the previous batch of barbaric troops had been transferred on January 28, and they committed some bad things before leaving Nanking.But he argued that such incidents happen occasionally when troops are on defense.I've heard such excuses before.Regrettably, we have evidence that the recent spate of rapes and other incidents reported were perpetrated by the new force.When asked whether refugees would be forcibly removed from refugee camps on February 4, Hidaka replied: As far as he knows, there is no issue of coercion at all.Refugees who left the safe zone before February 4 will be given some convenience in terms of resettlement, that is, those whose houses have been burned will be provided with alternative housing.According to Hidaka, 80,000 refugees have signed up to return to their original places of residence.We draw Hidaka's attention to the fact that we have repeatedly asked refugees to return to their original places of residence, especially since we are very willing to dismantle the safe zone immediately, but whether the refugees are willing to return depends entirely on the security situation in the urban areas outside the safe zone.Hidaka asked us not to tell the Chinese that Japan had no intention of forcibly revoking the safe zone, so as not to stall the revoking work.I promised him not to announce the news. Dr. Trautman has word from Hankow that Kong Xiangxi, President of the Chinese Executive Yuan, has asked him to convey to me his thanks for the work we are doing here.I formally communicated to the committee. Excerpt from a letter to the International Committee of the Nanking Safety Zone dated January 29, 1938 (translated from Chinese): We recently received a request from the Self-Government Council to put our names on a special list as an expression of our desire to return to our place of residence.Some of us obeyed the request and went home hoping to live in peace.Unfortunately, these refugees encountered Japanese soldiers on the way to the country, and they chased the girls in groups, making the streets and alleys very uneven.Japanese soldiers broke into houses at night, either robbing or raping women.Once encountering resistance or something unsatisfactory to them, they would draw out their bayonets and kill or seriously injure the residents.Not long ago, the Tianming bathroom was robbed and a handyman was killed.Despite the snow, a refugee was robbed of his clothes in the street. We have now been informed that all refugee shelters in the safe zone must be vacated by February 2.Given such brutality and inhumanity, can we ever go home? In the trust of your committee's rescue work, we request you to apply to the Japanese military authorities to reorganize military discipline so that we can return to the country safely. Refugees in refugee areas (signature) situation report Nanjing, February 1, 1938 On 28 January, when the announcement was made that all refugees must return to their places of residence, the following events took place, mostly among those who had already managed to return home. (220) At 5:00 p.m. on January 30, a Japanese soldier broke into the high school attached to the university to ask for a woman, and a worker begged him to give up this idea.He left, but a woman was dragged from an adjoining house just in time to be run over by the gendarmes.The gendarme tried to arrest him, but did not take him away until a second gendarme was called to help. (Bates) (221) At 11 a.m. on January 31, a 24-year-old girl returned home from the Siemens refugee shelter (No. 46, Guangzhou Road) to prepare lunch for her uncle.A Japanese soldier followed her and threatened her with a bayonet that she would give her body to him if she did not want to die. (Rabe) (222) On January 30, after the announcement requiring refugees to leave the refugee shelter was issued, the family who had been resettled in the silkworm factory returned to their residence at No. 30-35, Ertiao Lane.That night, three Japanese soldiers broke in through the backyard fence. They circled the house and knocked on the front door.Because they were not allowed in, they broke down the gates, turned on the lights, and ordered the residents to get up, falsely calling them "inspection teams."One of them was armed with a knife, one with a gun and one with bare hands.They rhetorically explained to the residents that there was nothing to be afraid of, they would not move a hair, and ordered the men to sleep on.Then they searched the house and looted the money.A Japanese soldier with a saber raped a 12-year-old girl, and the other two gang-raped an old woman.They did not leave the house until midnight.The family re-entered the safe zone on January 31. (Rigs) (223) At 6:30 a.m. on February 1, a group of women gathered in front of the university and begged Dr. Bates, who was about to return home, not to let them go home.A woman who was originally housed in a university returned to the Xihuamen home with her two daughters yesterday because she was afraid that her bedding would be lost after the refugee shelter closed.At night, Japanese soldiers broke into her house and wanted to rape her daughter.The two girls resisted vigorously, but were stabbed to death by Japanese soldiers with bayonets.The women said: "Rather than we go home and be killed, we might as well stay here until the Japanese come and drive us out on February 4th, and be killed in the refugee camp." (Bates) (224) At 5:00 p.m. on January 30th, hundreds of women gathered together and asked Mr. Thorne to find a way not to force them to return to their original residences on February 4th.They said: "If we are robbed, humiliated, or even killed innocently after returning home, then what are we doing going home? You have been protecting us so far, but you can't give up halfway. Help people to the end!" A 62-year-old woman returned to After Han Ximen's home, Japanese soldiers broke into her that night to rape her.She said that she was too old, and the Japanese soldiers poked her with sticks.Fortunately, she escaped death and returned to the refugee shelter. (Thorn) (225) On January 29, a woman returned to her home at No. 30 Wongni Lane. Her home was robbed again. Japanese soldiers threatened her with bayonets and asked her to find a woman. (226) At 11 o'clock on January 30, the two girls returned to their home in Zhusi Lane and were raped by two Japanese soldiers. (227) At 2:30 p.m. on February 1, a child ran into our house and told me and Mr. Foster that Japanese soldiers had broken into their home and harassed the women.We ran to the house near Huaqiao Building, and we were taken to the bedroom and the door was locked.We knocked on the door, but no one answered, so we broke in and found two Japanese soldiers inside, one sitting on the bed and the other lying on the bed, with a girl lying beside them.A Japanese soldier immediately jumped up, grabbed his belt and pistol, and ran through the hole in the wall.The other was so drunk he couldn't get away anytime soon and we had to help him put his pants on.Because his belt was missing, he had to carry his trousers with two hands.We helped him through the hole in the wall, and out on the street he wanted to shake our hands as a token of our thanks.Mr. Foster took a step first, he went to call the military police, and I accompanied the Japanese soldier for a while. At the intersection of Shanghai Road and Zhongshan Road, we handed over the drunk man to two Japanese sentries.Sadly, we heard that the girl had been raped before we arrived. (Maggie) (228) On January 29, a 42-year-old woman returned to her home in Tongjimen, but was caught by a Japanese soldier as soon as she got home.He dragged her into an empty house and raped her.So now she lives back in the silkworm factory. (229) On January 31, a 30-year-old woman returned to her home in Zhonghuamenli. She said that a Japanese soldier broke into her home to ask for a woman. (230) On January 29, a 22-year-old woman (her husband was stabbed with a Japanese bayonet and died the day before yesterday) was raped three times by Japanese soldiers after returning to her home at No. 2, Sanpailou. (231) On January 30, after a 45-year-old woman returned to her home near the south gate, four Japanese soldiers broke into her home, ransacked her home, and demanded women from her.Because she couldn't get women for them, she was beaten severely and her registration card was taken away. (232) Chen Wangshi, 28 years old, returned to her original residence on January 29. On the way, she and another woman were stopped by three Japanese soldiers, who asked her to go with them.Although they knelt down and begged for mercy, they were still dragged into a shop where Chen Wang was raped 3 times. (233) On January 28, Zhang Yangshi, 37 years old, was raped twice by Japanese soldiers after returning home. (234) On January 31, Ni Fengshi, a 17-year-old young woman, was washing rice by the well after returning home. A Japanese soldier attacked her, overturned the rice basket, dragged her to a mulberry field, and raped her wantonly. . (235) On January 30, Yao Caizhen (transliteration), a 16-year-old girl, went to Gulou Hospital with her mother to visit patients.Near the Drum Tower, two Japanese soldiers threw her to the ground and raped her in broad daylight. (236) On January 30, Xu Qinshi, a 36-year-old woman, was returning home with her husband and several neighbors. When she walked to Taiping Lane, Changbai Street, she was dragged into the house by two Japanese soldiers and raped. . (237) On January 30, Jiang Liu, a 27-year-old young woman, returned to her home with her father-in-law. At 22:00 on January 31, two Japanese soldiers broke into her house. Fortunately, she had hidden and was not found. (238) On January 28, Wei Chenshi, a 45-year-old woman, went home with a female neighbor and was caught by a Japanese soldier.He's about to drag her away, and another sympathetic soldier saves her, while her female neighbor is raped. (239) On January 28, Gao Siwei (transliteration), a 24-year-old young man, worked for the Japanese military secret service for several days. A Japanese soldier stole 5 yuan and his registration certificate from him. (240) Zhou Chen, 36 years old, returned to his residence near Tongji Gate on January 30, and was raped by two Japanese soldiers. (241) Qin Wangshi, a 22-year-old young woman, was pulled out of the refugee shelter in the safe zone by Japanese soldiers on January 23 and has not returned yet. (242) Bai Wushi, 27 years old, was raped by two Japanese soldiers after returning home on January 28. (243) On January 28, Liu Yinshi, 42 years old, returned to her home near Mendong. At midnight, some Japanese soldiers broke into her home asking for a woman. (244) On January 29, Qin Mashi, 35 years old, was raped after returning to her home in Beimenqiao. (245) On January 28, Zhang Weishi, a 20-year-old young woman, was raped by two Japanese soldiers after returning home. (246) On January 28, Xu Zhushi, 32 years old, was raped by a Japanese soldier after returning home, and her husband's clothes were stolen. (247) Qin Fang, 36 years old, lived near Tongji Gate, was raped by two Japanese soldiers on his way home, and his house was burned. (248) On January 29, Yao Wang, 34 years old, was raped by two Japanese soldiers on his way home. (249) On January 29, Cai Jiaying (transliteration), a 13-year-old girl, returned home with her mother on Matai Street and was raped by two Japanese soldiers. (250) On January 30, Zhu Zhangshi, 40 years old, returned home near Xinxiang Bridge and was raped by two Japanese soldiers. (251) On January 29, Wu Yinshi, 19 years old, was raped by a Japanese soldier just 4 days after giving birth. (252) Zhu Yaoshi, 46 years old, was stopped by Japanese soldiers on the way home on January 29, and they asked her for a woman. (253) Wang Zhangshi, 43 years old, was raped by Japanese soldiers when she returned to her home in Xinqiao on January 25, and her husband was stabbed to death by them with a bayonet. (254) On the night of January 31, two Japanese soldiers broke into the home of a rickshaw driver in Tianfei Lane, asking him to find girls for them.He accompanied them to Rue Rue, told them they couldn't find the girl, and they beat him up. (mills) (255) After Pan Leze (transliteration), a 46-year-old woman, returned to her home on the west side of Guofu Road from the refugee shelter in Canchang, Japanese soldiers flocked to find the girl, so she returned to the refugee shelter. (256) On January 30, a girl was attacked by two Japanese soldiers on her way back to her residence on Guofu Road.They dragged her into an empty house and gang-raped her, so she went back to the refugee shelter. (257) On January 30, a 44-year-old woman was attacked by Japanese soldiers on her way back to her residence in Dazhongqiao.They dragged her into an empty room and raped her, and she had to go back to the silkworm factory refugee shelter. (258) On January 30, a man returned to his home in Shenjiaxiang. Japanese soldiers came to him to ask for a young girl, so he returned to the safe zone. (259) On January 29, Xu Chenshi, 42 years old, was raped by two Japanese soldiers after returning to her residence on Rehe Road. (260) On January 30, after reading the notice from the Self-government Committee, Mrs. Ou Dai wanted to take her two daughters back to her home in Yinma Lane, Menxi.On the way, she was stopped by three Japanese soldiers, who took all the cash on her, totaling 3.20 yuan, and she had to return to the refugee shelter. (261) On January 28, Mrs. Ding Li returned to her residence in Xihua Lane.At home, she saw Japanese soldiers forcing her 70-year-old mother to find girls for them, so she hurried back to the refugee camp. (262) On January 28, Mr. Su Maosheng (transliteration) was robbed of 42 yuan by Japanese soldiers on his way back to his residence at No. 171 Shengzhou Road. They only left him 30 cents.His house was burned down. (263) On the morning of January 28, six Japanese soldiers broke into the home of 64-year-old Su Lushi on Guofu Road and forced a family of six into one room.They rummaged through boxes and boxes, ransacked everything, and even took away the last small coin of 1.40 yuan.Therefore, Mrs. Su asked to return to the refugee shelter. (264) At 11:00 p.m. on February 1, three Japanese soldiers crossed the courtyard wall of Jinling Theological Seminary and dragged a girl out of a hut. The girl escaped and shouted for help.The refugees in the refugee shelter were awakened and ran out of the thatched shed in a hurry, shouting loudly, forcing the Japanese soldiers to flee over the wall. (Thorn) (265) On January 31, Li Wang reported that for several days (i.e. since January 28), Japanese soldiers had repeatedly harassed her residence at No. 321 Houzaimen.The wife of the landlord Liu Wenlong (transliteration) refused to find a girl for them, so they beat her.Mrs. Lee escaped being killed by hastily hiding in an air-raid shelter, and she begged to be allowed to stay in the refugee shelter. (266) On January 29, on this day, Japanese soldiers lured some women and girls to the old rice warehouse under the pretext of exchanging rice and noodles for chickens and ducks, and raped them.Zhou Biqing (transliteration) witnessed all this. (267) On January 31, Ma Qingren (transliteration) reported: After seeing the notice from the Self-Government Committee, I returned to the original residence with my whole family, but had to leave home again because Japanese soldiers came to harass me every day. Want money, want women. (268) On the night of January 31, Mrs. Gu returned to her home at No. 13, Qianzhang Lane, Anpin Street, to get food. She was raped and robbed by Japanese soldiers as soon as she got home.She immediately returned to the refugee shelter. (269) On January 30, Mr. Yao, the owner of a Yixing store in Shuiximen, returned to the store and met a Japanese soldier who forced Yao to hand over the money.Yao lived well, so the soldier came to the door many times to ask for money and asked his neighbors where Yao was going, but Yao had already returned to the refugee shelter. (270) Yang Zhonghui (transliteration), brother of Yang Zhonglin (transliteration), and Yang Heshi, his mother, run a teahouse at No. 80 Yuhua Road. They were killed by Japanese soldiers on January 29th.Yang Zhonglin heard the news and went home to check the situation. On the way, he met Japanese soldiers at the Zhonghua Gate, and they took all his money. (271) On January 29, Liu Hongtai (transliteration) returned to his home at No. 35 Xiaowangfuyuan to sort out his meager property. Three Japanese soldiers broke into his home to ask for a woman.He replied that there were no women in the house.They took away the only 2.40 yuan he had left. (272) On January 29, when Mr. Qi Wenxiu (transliteration) returned to his home at No. 24 Dawangfu Lane, Japanese soldiers broke in and asked him if there was a girl in his home.He replied no, so they took away 6 yuan and 1 bucket of rice from him, and tore his clothes with bayonets. Fortunately, he was not injured, and then fled. (273) On January 31, Japanese soldiers repeatedly harassed the Cao family located behind the Roman Catholic Church at No. 13 Sanmao Palace, searching for the girl. (274) On January 28, Japanese soldiers broke into Chen's house at No. 10 Baixia Road asking for a woman.Mr. Chen's daughter was hiding in the basement, but all of Mr. Chen's cash, about 200 yuan, was taken away. (275) On January 30, four Japanese soldiers broke into the home of a refugee at No. 6 Dafang Lane, Shanxi Road, intending to rape his 14-year-old daughter.It was only after her parents pleaded that the Japanese soldiers gave up this idea. (276) On January 30, two Japanese soldiers broke into No. 46 Shanghai Road and raped a widow. When the military police arrived, they had already fled. (277) At 1:30 p.m. on January 30, three Japanese soldiers broke into Mr. Min’s house in No. 2 Mercy Society, drove the men out of the house, raped the women wantonly, and the residents demanded to return to the refugee shelter. (278) On January 30, three Japanese soldiers broke into No. 30 Doucai Bridge, robbed the owner of the property, and raped his aunt, who had only given birth half a month ago. (279) On the morning of January 31, a Japanese soldier broke into No. 18 Tongren Street and stole vegetables bought by residents for storage. (280) On January 29, a female refugee went back to her home at No. 47 Chaotiangong West Street to have a look. When she got home, Japanese soldiers broke in. Fortunately, she hid in the firewood pile in time.The soldier left her home only after neighbors pleaded.After three to five hours, four more soldiers came to search her home. Fortunately, they did not find her either. (281) On January 28, three Japanese soldiers broke into Mr. Song's house at No. 1 Dashamao Lane, took away all the clothes in the house, and raped a girl.The next day, they came to ask for a woman again. Since there were no women at home (they had all returned to the refugee shelter of Jinling Women's College of Arts and Science), they were furious and shot everywhere. (282) On January 29, opposite a pawn shop in Neiqiao, a 20-year-old girl was forcibly dragged into an alley by Japanese soldiers. (283) According to a report on February 1, a widow in her 50s who lived at No. 384 Tianqing Street was dragged and raped by Japanese soldiers.On this day, the soldiers also detained her and forced her to cook for them. (284) At 18:00 on January 29, Japanese soldiers rushed into No. 8 Donggua City to ask for Hua girl. (285) On January 30, Zhang Huafu (transliteration) obeyed the order of the Autonomous Committee and returned to his home at No. 22 Zhanggongqiao... (below) (286) On January 30, a Japanese soldier broke into No. 132 Hankou Road to ask for a girl. When he was told that there was no girl, he became furious.Fortunately, no one was harmed by him. (287) At 8:00 p.m. on January 29, five Japanese soldiers (only three of whom were wearing military uniforms) broke into No. 11 of the Mercy Society, pointed a bayonet at Ma Liangci's chest, and threatened her to follow them.Her husband and sister-in-law were also threatened with bayonets, which they put on her husband's head.However, all threats are in vain. (288) At 19:00 on January 30, a Japanese soldier broke into No. 115 Shanghai Road with a pistol and stole 12 yuan in cash. (289) On the morning of January 30, four Japanese soldiers broke into Mr. Yang's house at No. 13 Mochou Road and searched all the rooms.When they saw a picture of a young girl (Yang's daughter), they asked an old woman who lived there to bring her.When the old woman refused, they flew into a rage, but she kept her composure and got out of the situation. (290) At 11 a.m. on January 30, a little girl left the refugee shelter of Jinling Women's College of Arts and Sciences and returned to her home at No. 19 Huangli Lane, Chaotian Palace. Four Japanese soldiers broke into her house and gang-raped the teenage child. (291) On the morning of January 31, several Japanese soldiers broke into a resident's house in Donggua City, trying to drag and rape two girls.By the time the gendarmes were called, they had already fled. (292) On the evening of January 30, two girls were taken away in Yongqing Lane, Mount Wutai. (293) On the evening of January 28, two Japanese soldiers broke into the grass shed on Jiangsu Road looking for a girl.They didn't find it, so they stabbed a 60-year-old man in the left shoulder with a bayonet in a fit of anger. (294) On the night of January 29, three Japanese soldiers gang-raped a woman in her private house. (295) On the night of January 29, three Japanese soldiers gang-raped a woman at a residence on Zhujiang Road. (296) On the evening of January 29, three Japanese soldiers broke into No. 9 Gulin Temple and raped a 20-year-old girl. (297) On the night of January 29, a woman at No. 71-1 Yinyang Camp was raped by Japanese soldiers. (298) On the night of January 29, No. 43, No. 44, No. 45 and No. 46 of Yinyang Camp were ransacked by Japanese soldiers. They robbed money and raped women.In the house No. 44, four Japanese soldiers gang-raped a woman and beat her husband severely. (299) On the morning of January 30, at the Sixiangqiao Taiping Hotel, a woman was dragged to the door by Japanese soldiers and killed on the spot. (300) On January 31, a woman was gang-raped by two Japanese soldiers on Guangzhou Road. (301) On January 31, a middle-aged woman in her 50s and a 12-year-old girl were raped by Japanese soldiers in an alley near "Cuiji Aquatic Product Shop" on Caixia Street. (302) On January 31, a 12-year-old girl was raped in Ertiao Lane, Gulou. (303) On January 31, in Sixiangqiao, an old woman over 60 years old was raped and stabbed into her vagina with a bayonet to die. (304) On January 31, an old man serving the Red Cross (he had previously worked in the porridge factory of the refugee shelter of Jinling University) was going back to his home in Xiaguan (on January 28 he borrowed some necessary food from his relatives)行李），走到中山北路和三牌楼的交叉路口时，其全部行李被日本士兵抢走。 （305）1月30日，难民李望才（音译）和李山日（音译）回到新桥住所，日本兵先后到他们家搜查10余次，索要钱财和姑娘，并打了他们五六次。 （306）1月28日早晨6时，一个日本士兵闯进卫清里（音译）7号住宅，登上二楼，砸开房门要找女人。因未找到而离去。 （307）不久前，在三牌楼火车站，一位60多岁的老妇遭到强奸达十余次。 （308）2月1日中午，2个日本士兵闯入珞珈路21号住宅，肯定不怀好意。居民们纷纷逃到隔壁23号一欧洲人居住的院内，请求他把日本人赶走。 illustrate: 这份清单是不完整的！ 发生在1月28日前几天的事件尚未计算在内，但它足以说明事态发展的一般情况。 这是我们把至今收集到的事件罗列下来的最长的清单。早些时候，即1937年12月19日提交的较长的清单记载了12月13日～19日6天内所发生的事件，编号为16～70。今天这份清单共报告了发生在1月29日、30日和31日3天内的88起事件。 我们有意不提中国报告人的名字，因为有一个报告人已经被害，另一个正受到严重威胁。这段时间，所有报告人员都属于我们正规的工作班子，他们都不用真实姓名。根据编号可以对每个事件随时进行审核。 签名：L.斯迈思 致杭立武电——汉口 28日来电收悉，感谢您对我们的关心，菲奇暂住上海。粮食问题相当紧迫。南京城沦陷前，我们运进了9000袋米和1000袋面，此后就断了供给。直至今天，由当局通过自治委员会出售了4200袋米和1000袋面。3000袋米发给了红卍字会，2000袋米已答应免费供给安全区外的居民。到目前为止，安全区内的居民靠他们自己带来的粮食储备和安全区委员会提供的米、面生活。现在，存粮已告罄，是否有新的供给尚未达成协议。委员会用于免费供给的粮食仅够两个星期，我们设法在本地或上海筹集或购买食品的努力失败了，因为日本人拒绝合作，不允许在安全区内提供或出售大米。1月28日，日方发出命令，要求25个难民收容所里的6万难民必须在2月4日以前离开安全区，回到自己的住所，否则就强行驱逐。撤离工作已经开始。安全区外的情况相当糟糕，特别是对妇女和房屋已被烧毁的家庭而言。我们正在谈判，争取推迟驱逐出区的时限，想方设法减轻居民返回住所的困难。自12月27日不让日本士兵进入安全区以来，安全区是比较安全的。您现在不能把大米装船运来，资金问题以后电告。 Signature: Rabe 1938年2月2日17时 现在，难民收容所里处处演出此类悲剧，我家院子里的70个姑娘和妇女双膝下跪，频叩响头，嚎啕大哭，令人可怜。她们不愿离开我的院子，因为她们害怕遭到日本士兵的强奸（这害怕是有道理的）。她们不断诉苦说：“你就像我们的父母，你保护我们到现在，可不能把我们甩下不管啊！如果我们受到污辱不得不死，那我们宁愿死在这里！” 这是恳切的语言。对这合理的诉说，我不能无动于衷，我允许她们留下了，只有一些上了年纪的老人离开了。但是，我不能保证可以拯救那些受我保护的人，不过，我愿意试一试。我希望日高说的是事实。他告诉我说，日本军队是不会强行把难民赶出安全区的。我可是经历得多了，每次都令我大失所望，因此，对将要发生的一切均有思想准备。我们委员会的每个成员明天将坚守岗位，每个人都要在本国国旗下保护一大批难民。日本人来了会感到惊讶的。我们渐渐地对这些兵痞失去了耐心，日本当局称他们是“兵油子”，而我们则称之为“刽子手”。如果这些强盗得到当局的许可敢于进犯我们的收容所，就不可避免会发生冲突！ 刚才，张（国珍）告诉我说，他们以前曾居住过的东门街附近的街口小屋内有17人，其中6人已被杀害，因为他们在家门口向日本士兵下跪，求他们不要伤害其女儿。然而，老人遭枪杀后，姑娘们仍被拉走强奸。现在，全家仅一名姑娘幸存，她是被好心的邻居收留下来的。看到遍地是女尸，有的阴道里戳着竹竿，人们会恶心得透不过气来。甚至连70多岁的老妪也多次遭到奸污。 我把下列信件送给日高先生，以书面形式再次确认他曾作过的不强行把难民驱逐出安全区的承诺，同时敦促他再次与日本军事当局商谈此事。遗憾的是，我在日本大使馆没有见到他，只好让人证实收到了此函。 南京安全区国际委员会南京宁海路5号1938年2月3日致日高先生日本大使馆南京 尊敬的日高先生： 再次感谢您昨日给我的不强行把难民驱逐出安全区的保证，我相信，您这明智的决定可以避免由此可能产生的不必要的麻烦。我认为，您会与军事当局在所有细节问题上达成一致的。从一开始就要排除各种误解的可能性，这点非常重要，因为最近又发布的一些公告说，如果难民收容所至迟于2月4日星期五前不解散，将要采取军事强制措施，关闭其大门。 非常感谢您使我有机会与以您、本间将军先生和即将上任的广田中将先生为代表的日本当局取得联系。 顺致衷心的问候 your faithful Signed: John Rabe Chairman of Nanjing Safety Zone International Committee 档案记录 我们的一位中国基督教徒董国振（音译）先生向我作了如下的报告： 1月31日晚8时，三牌楼区模范马路8号71岁老妇所居住的草棚附近发现有2个日本士兵，他们爬上屋顶，也许想看看草棚内是否有姑娘。老妇听到屋顶上的响声，走出草棚。这时，日本士兵从屋顶上跳下来，闯入屋内要女人。老妇回答说屋内没有姑娘，便遭到毒打。然后，日本士兵想扒她的裤子，老妇反抗，他们就用从地上捡起的硬器猛砸她的头部，致使她头上出现一个大血瘤。这时，日本士兵才离开草棚。 2月1日中午，在颐和路东头站岗的日本士兵搜查沈先生的口袋，抢走了他身上的6元钱。 2月1日下午2时许，在山西路警察局附近，一位姑娘被拉进岗亭，遭扣留长达2个小时。这事被一个住在对面草棚的名叫陆朝治（音译）的男子和一个和尚看见了。离开岗亭时，她泣不成声地回答和尚说，她在那里被扣留了2个小时。 陆光伟（音译）是圣公会的通讯员，他与许多中国基督教徒一起住在大方巷的广东新村。1月29日，他在外交部和三牌楼之间的狮子桥受到日本士兵的阻拦和搜身，搜遍全身才发现10枚1角钱。他们掠其所有，还翻开他朋友的口袋，拿走了4角钱。 Signed: John Magee 德国大使馆南京约翰HD拉贝先生南京1938年2月2日 今年1月6日，驻汉口的特劳特曼大使先生致外交部的报告说，汉口各界人士对国际委员会为南京难民区所做的工作大加赞扬。孔祥熙部长请求大使先生向您转达他衷心的感谢。 签名：罗森博士 下面的信件是从中文译成德文的，因此，与原文多少有些出入。信件来自离我住所5里路的栖霞寺，是该寺庙的方丈起草的，有当地20位知名人士的签名。 签名：BA辛德贝格 1938年2月3日 以人类的名义 致所有与此有关的人 值此，我们向您简要汇报该地的情况及本寺庙所遇到的骚扰。 南京沦陷以来，每天都有数百人逃至我庙寻求保护，要求安置。我写此信的时候，寺庙里已聚集了2.04万人，大部分为妇女和儿童，男人们几乎都被枪杀或被掳去为日本士兵当苦力。 下面，我们扼要地列出日本士兵自今年1月4日以来所犯下的罪行： 1月4日：一辆载着日本士兵的卡车驶来，他们掠走了9头牛，并勒令中国人为其宰杀，以便把牛肉运走。与此同时，他们放火焚烧邻近的房屋以消磨时光。 1月6日：从河上来了很多日本士兵，他们抢走了难民的1头毛驴，并抢走了18个铺盖卷。 1月7日：日本士兵强奸了一位妇女和一个年仅14岁的少女，抢走了5个铺盖卷。 1月8日和9日：有6位妇女被日本士兵强奸。他们像往常一样闯进寺庙，寻找最年轻的姑娘，用刺刀威逼她们就范。 1月11日：有4名妇女被强奸。喝得酩酊大醉的日本士兵在寺庙内胡作非为，他们举枪乱射，击伤多人，并损坏房屋。 1月13日：又来了许多日本士兵，他们四处搜寻并掠走大量粮食，强奸了一位妇女及其女儿，然后扬长而去。 1月15日：许多日本士兵蜂拥而来，把所有年轻妇女赶在一起，从中挑出10人，在寺庙大厅对她们大肆奸淫。一个烂醉如泥的士兵晚些时候才到，他冲入房内要酒喝、要女人。酒是给他了，但是拒绝给他女人。他怒火冲天，持枪疯狂四射，杀害了2个男孩后扬长而去。在回到火车站的路上，他又闯进马路边的一间房子，杀害了一位农民70岁的妻子，牵走了一头毛驴，然后纵火把房屋烧了。 1月16日：继续抢劫、奸淫。 1月18日：盗走了3头毛驴。 1月19日：日本士兵大闹寺庙，砸坏门窗和家具，掠走7头毛驴。 大约在1月20日，开来了一支新的队伍，换下栖霞山火车站的岗哨。新来部队的指挥官是个少尉，他心地较好，自他来后，形势明显好转。他在寺庙内设了一个岗，哨兵努力把专来捣乱、偷窃和抢女人的士兵拒之于寺庙大门之外。因此，我们害怕，一旦这位少尉撤离此地被派往别处，原来可怕的情景会重新出现。所以，我们请求你们，不管是谁，只要能帮助我们阻止重现这种惨无人道的残暴行径即可。安置在我们这儿的难民百分之八十已失去了一切，他们的房屋被毁，牲口被杀，钱财被抢。此外，许多妇女失去了丈夫，孩子没有了父亲，大部分年轻男子遭到日本士兵的杀害，另一部分则伤的伤，病的病，躺在这里缺医少药，谁也不敢上街，害怕被杀害，而我们还只剩下少量的粮食储备。我们的农民既无水牛又无稻种，怎能春耕播种呢？ ? 在此，我们所有签名者再次恳请您的帮助。 栖霞山寺庙 January 25, 1938 （以下是20个签名＜略＞） 上述由栖霞山江南水泥厂（京特博士）的辛德贝格先生递交的报告，证明不仅南京饱受了日本兵痞之苦，而且，从四面八方都传来了有关日本士兵烧杀奸淫的消息。我们不禁这样想，这些身穿军服的士兵全都是日本的刑事犯罪分子。 如果罗森博士先生的秘密报告能得以认真对待的话，我收藏的勋章将又要增添一枚，即是说我已被上级机关提名为德国红十字功勋勋章的获得者。而克勒格尔和施佩林也同我一样历经了种种风险，可现在好事却让我一人摊上了。但是，谁也不会来征求我的意见！能领取全额工资的退休金，对我来说更实际、更好。（还能有比这更好、更美的事吗？！） 今天我得亲自站岗，也就是说，我必须注视着自己的难民收容所，双眼盯着我家后面德国学校里的600名难民和我家前面中学里的5000名难民。如果日本人强行闯入，我虽然阻挡不住，但我起码可以做一个目击者，观察事态发展以向世界通报。我一定想方设法保护好我自己的房子，我们倒要看看，他们敢不敢在我面前侮辱德国国旗！ G.普罗布斯特博士目前在汉口西门子洋行（中国）上海，南京路233号电话：15400目前地址：成都1937年12月22日致约翰HD拉贝先生 Dear Mr Rabe: 如果您觉得有必要，我们完全可以在一起共同欢庆圣诞节，为我们的勇气干上一杯，而我这里尚无此必要。值此，请允许我从中国的和平地区向您及贵夫人致以热烈的节日祝贺和亲切问候。我们这里，大家还不大相信战争确已爆发，或者是不宣而战？祝您在这特殊时期节日快乐，在新的一年里身体健康，生活幸福！ 致以亲切问候 your forever 签名：G.普罗布斯特 我是1938年1月29日在南京收到此信的，我从未去过汉口，那可是齐泽尔的管辖范围。——约翰·拉贝 担惊受怕的2月4日过去了，一切都很平静。这意味着，只要日本人有所顾忌，我们就不会遇到麻烦。我们大家对此都感到非常高兴。今天是中国春节的最后一天假日，尽管天公不作美，下着雨雪，中国人仍是兴奋地在院子里燃放鞭炮。这些可怜的人如此知足：只要不被打死，他们就满意了。 昨天晚上，乔治·菲奇又在广播中讲了话，对日本人仍然很客气。如果他知道，1月28日～1月31日期间比去年12月份那最可怕的日子里发生了更多的强奸等暴行，他就不会这样措辞了。我至今还没有得到妻子的消息，不知我的“日记”是否安全到达了上海。是否同意我在此待到3月初，公司也没有给予答复。