Chapter 27 The third section "Goethe"①

① Lao She claimed to be a Gothic school, singing the virtues of the new society, the Communist Party, and Chairman Mao.Lao She's understanding of the new society is consistent with the ideal of human unity obtained from Christianity in his early years, and his enthusiasm has religious characteristics.However, he did not have a deep understanding of socialist revolution, Marxism, etc.Goethe's writing attitude determines that Lao She expresses subjectively in addition to praising objective facts.Therefore, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the articles conveyed more "heart" and less "action".

Even if I have the literary talents and knowledge of Sima Qian and Ban Gu, I can't say enough, I can't say well...I love, I love, this new society! 1. Be a student A meeting to accuse bullies was held at the Temple of Heaven. Originally, my leg disease warned me: Don't go, in case you are exhausted again!However, I did not accept the warning.I think of it this way: If you want to understand your thoughts, you must participate in social activities; relying on books alone is prone to deviation. The venue is in Berlin in the Temple of Heaven.I arrived quite early, but the undergrowth was already full of people.Looking around, I saw several familiar faces.Workers, farmers, citizens, professors, students, civil servants, entertainers, writers, all sitting together.I said in my heart: This is a democratic country, and everyone sits together to solve problems about everyone.Before liberation, how could the professors have the opportunity to sit with the citizens affectionately.

There is a meeting.The purpose of the meeting and the crimes of the bullies were announced on the stage.In the audience, at the right time, one group followed another, front, back, left, and right, shouting the slogans "Down with bullies" and "Support the people's government"; The voice of the people is the power of the people, and this power is enough to make the wicked tremble. The bullies hit the stage.How many fists, how many fingers are stretched out in the audience, like how many bayonets, facing the enemy.The bullies, the bullies with their faces full of flesh, dare not raise their heads.They fell to their knees.The "dynasty" of bullies is over, and the people are in charge.

Old and young, men and women, one by one came to the stage to complain.When the complaint reached the saddest point, many people in the audience shouted "beat".I, and the intellectuals next to me, also unconsciously shouted: "Hit it! Why not hit it?!" The policeman stopped the person who was going to beat up the bully, and my mouth and hundreds of other mouths shouted together: "Shock it! ! It's time to fight!" This cry made me become another person! I have always been a refined person.Yes, I hate bullies and bad guys; but how could I yell "Hit! Hit!" if it wasn't at an indictment convention?The anger of the people excited me, and I became one of them.Their hatred is also my hatred; I cannot, should not, "stand by."The power of the crowd, righteous indignation, infected me, and taught me not to be refined and shy.Seriously, how much is Wenya worth?Hating the enemy and loving the country are valuable and noble feelings!Only when the true qualities of a scholar become the true qualities of the people are good scholars!

There was one accuser against his own father!How could such a thing happen except in this year and month!My tears are about to fall.In the past, the Chinese paid attention to "the son hides from the father, and the father hides from the son", so the truth and justice are all hidden.Today, the father-son relationship does not hide the truth; the truth is bigger and more important than the father.If the father is an enemy of the people, the son should report him and accuse him.A person's responsibility today is to be worthy of society; the enemy of society is also his own enemy; all enemies should be eliminated.It brightened my heart and eyes.The few kneeling are the enemy, and the tens of thousands of people sitting are "us", as clearly as a knife.Words such as "so-so", "just enough", "don't take it too seriously" all flew out in one go; black is black, white is white, there is no second sentence.In this way, I have a clear mind.I am also firm; I have strength in my heart!

This is not just an accusation of a few bullies, but a lesson for everyone.This tells me to people who have been bullied by bullies: Go ahead, report bullies, accuse bullies, stop being afraid of them!With Chairman Mao in charge of us, what are we afraid of?Reporting the bullies is not only for personal revenge, but also for society!This tells me, and people like me: Be strong, put warmth and elegance aside, throw them far away; stretch out your fists, open your eyes, stand with the people, and face the bullies , fight the bullies!Bullies aren't superhumans, they're kneeling, trembling fellows before our eyes.Bullies don't just bully a few people and have nothing to do with us; they are the enemy of society as a whole!

A honest and honest old man selling pancakes accused the bully of eating his pancakes in vain for thirty years!After the accusation was over, he turned around and bowed respectfully to Chairman Mao's portrait.The meaning of this bow cannot be explained in a thousand words.I want to stand up and bow like that too!The people are grateful to Chairman Mao from the bottom of their hearts.It's not just lip service! In this way, I learned a lesson, a thrilling lesson.I have learned many good things.These things taught me to be another person.I can no longer be reluctant to part with those old habits, feelings, and views on people and things.I'm cutting them off like bullies must be killed!I want to weigh individual interests, likes and dislikes, with society as a whole. I want to distinguish between black and white, instead of looking for truth in gray shadows. Really, the new society is a big school, and I would like to be a student in this school who is willing to study hard. student.

2. The new life of literature and art At the end of 1949, when I came back from abroad, I first found "Selected Works of Mao Zedong".The first one I read was Chairman Mao's "Speech at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art". I couldn't help but be ecstatic after reading this great article.Among the literature and art theories I have read before, none of them told me so clearly: who does literature and art serve, and how to serve it.However, after the ecstasy, I became worried.what should I do?Should we continue to engage in literature and art, or should we abandon it?Facing the mirror Chairman Mao gave me, my appearance as a literary and artistic writer is very blurred.In the past, I thought I was a full-fledged writer, but now, apart from my ability to master words and understand some literary forms, I have nothing!Chairman Mao instructed: literature and art must serve the workers, peasants and soldiers.what should I do?Since I started studying literary and artistic writing, for more than twenty years, my thoughts, life, and works have always been in circles in the petty bourgeoisie.My farthest "vision" is that the masses should be educated and have the ability and right to enjoy literature and art.What kind of literature and art do you enjoy?It's simple: I write, everyone reads.what do i writecasual!What I write, what everyone reads.A petty bourgeoisie can indeed be so arrogant and ignorant.This kind of arrogance makes me lack closeness, lack of understanding, lack of research, lack of bosom friend, lack of good description of workers, peasants and soldiers, just as Chairman Mao said.I am really worried.

Chairman Mao put forward the principle that literature and art are subordinate to politics.This made me lose my mind again.Since I have been in petty bourgeois circles for a long time, my thoughts, life, and works have all gradually become paralyzed.I often feel that I can write without absorbing any new ideas.As for my way of life, it seems that it happens to be what a literati should have, and there is no need to change it.As for the work, regardless of whether it has content or not, it is passable if it is written smoothly.This kind of paralysis has been going on for a long time, and I can't help but admit that: literature and art can not only be separated from politics, but should also be separated; life is easier when they are separated!I thought that with a little cleverness and a long time of writing experience, I would be able to eat literature and art in peace.However, Chairman Mao told me and people like me: You are wrong, literature and art should obey politics!

what should I do? First of all, I decided on my attitude: I want to listen to Chairman Mao and follow Chairman Mao!It is an honor to obey Chairman Mao's words!If I don't seek progress, but still regard myself as an old writer, and refuse to listen to Chairman Mao's words, I will give up on myself!I want to find my new literary and artistic life in Chairman Mao's instructions. The attitude is determined, where should I start to practice?I dare not casually search for something new, so I start writing novels or scripts; I have neither revolutionary training, nor enough experience in ideological transformation and new social life. If I write a large-scale work recklessly, There are bound to be mistakes.I have to forget that I am a writer with more than 20 years of writing experience, and I have to pretend to be a primary school student and learn from scratch.In this way, I decided to write popular literature and art first. This does not mean that popular literature and art are easy to write, and the ideological and artistic quality can be discounted, but that popular literature and art, such as Allegro and cross talk, can be written without length and are easier to master.

In the past, when I wrote a 100-sentence Gu Ci, I could hand it in in about two or three days; now it takes seven or eight days, and I have to write and revise after writing.In terms of writing, I have to try my best to control it, not to use clichés, but also to clearly convey new ideas in popular language, which is not easy.In thinking, the difficulty is even more.When I decide to write about something, I must already know something about it.However, when it comes to writing, that little understanding is not enough, because a piece of writing, no matter how short, must be solid and specific everywhere.My understanding is only roughly correct, so between the lines I cannot but show the poverty and fault of only knowing one thing and not knowing the other.Sometimes, the primary writer does a good job and the secondary writer violates policy.Sometimes, the ideas are written correctly, but the words are weak and emotionless—just translating political ideas without the proper enthusiasm for political ideas will definitely not have the power to move people.sometimes…….It is very difficult!But I decided: first, don't be impatient, and second, don't be afraid to ask others.Since I decided to follow Chairman Mao's instructions: thought remolding must be thorough, and it must take a long time; so I couldn't be impatient.I have to constantly and constantly learn to get it right.In the past, I could rely on "inspiration" and write with a swipe of the pen, just for my own pleasure, but I was irresponsible to the readers.Now, I am responsible to my political thought and to my readers, and eagerness for success will lead me to despair and abandon myself.On the other hand, I have to ask others for advice from time to time.Often, my guests, members of the Communist Party or people with new ideas, become my critics; I ask them to sit for a while and listen to me read the manuscript; one time.My own thoughts are not enough, and everyone's thoughts will teach me to enrich them; when they give me advice, they often not only point out the mistakes in the works, but also talk about the defects in my thinking, so that I understand why I wrote The root cause of the mistake. In this way, writing a short paragraph, I get some benefits.Although I didn't learn many new ideas from books (to this day I am still a little afraid of reading theoretical books), but because of continuous practice and constant consultation, I gradually understood how I should put political thinking first, Don't be complacent about getting one or two beautiful sentences like before.Although I was unable to go to factories, villages, or the army to experience life immediately because of my severe leg disease, I already knew the importance of learning from workers, peasants and soldiers because of my continuous study and writing of popular literature and art; Will learn from them.Although the popular literary and artistic works I have written in the past two years are not without flaws, but this has given me a lot of encouragement: let go of the burden of old writers, not afraid of hard work, and willing to accept criticism. Backward writers still have the possibility of reforming themselves and the hope of serving the people. No matter how small a story I write, I must also get in touch with new social life; writing behind closed doors, today, I will never be able to write a single sentence.In order to write a short piece of Gu Ci, I have to investigate a lot of information and ask to understand what kind of political and ideological requirements there are.In this way, I know how some new societies are developing, and according to what leading ideas.After coming and going, I got to know more, and I fell in love with this new society that is developing and improving every day.Yes, I have to say it again, I lack systematic study of political theory and literary theory.However, because of the needs of writing, I saw the new atmosphere and new things in the new society, so I couldn't help but be tempted.I want to praise the new things in this new society, and I have a passion for loving society and the country that I never had before.Naturally, some people say that I see first and praise later, I am passive, and I will not write highly thoughtful and creative works.However, I am a person from the old society. If I pretend that I can become a thinker today, I am deceiving myself and others.I can only get to know the new society enthusiastically, and sing as much as I know; I should not give up singing because my voice is weak.I can't write a big novel, so I use dozens of allegro lines to sing praises.With my little talent, I shouldn't imagine that I can write a blockbuster work as soon as I write it; if I don't even write an allegro because I can't make a blockbuster, I will completely lose my literary and artistic life and become a waste.I no longer want to use my works to prove that I am a great literati. I want to prove that I am a soldier in the new literary and art army. Although I have bad legs and feet, I still gritted my teeth and ran forward with everyone. Slowly, I started writing scripts.Both "Longxugou" and "Longxugou" are set in Beijing; I am a native of Beijing and know some things about Beijing.I love Beijing. Seeing the progress and development of Beijing people and Beijing city after liberation, I cannot help being ecstatic and singing praises.I have always been proud of being born in Beijing, and now I am even more proud. The city of Beijing belongs to Chairman Mao. Both the people of Beijing and the city of Beijing have been transformed and improved by Chairman Mao’s favor. How can I not write about my relationship with the people of Beijing? Thanks to Chairman Mao! These two plays (although the working people are described in "Longxugou") are not about the workers, peasants and soldiers; , To participate in the struggle life of the workers, peasants and soldiers, in order to write works that serve the workers, peasants and soldiers.These two scripts also have a common shortcoming. They describe the people who came from the old society well, but they don't describe the characters born in the new society so well.I know the "old" people well and don't know the new ones very well.This is a great lesson—although I tried my best to run forward, I was carrying too much burden and couldn't run fast!The new character has advanced ten miles, and I have only moved forward half a mile!This also warned me: to write about workers, peasants and soldiers, you have to put in a lot of effort, and you must not be rash and reckless!To write about them on the basis of superficial observations must distort them! Before liberation, my writing method was self-writing and self-correction, and I didn’t ask others for anything; after I published it, I was happy when I got good criticism, and laughed when I got bad criticism.My current writing method is: I am ready to revise as soon as I write, and I never imagine that it will be done overnight.The first draft was nothing more than "cutting a fool" and there was no hope that it would stand up.After the first draft is finished, read it aloud to literary and art groups or friends gathered temporarily.If everyone thinks there is merit, I will rewrite it; if everyone thinks there is nothing merit, they will throw it away.If it is the former, I will write it again, twice, to seven or eight times.Some people said: Everyone help me, how can I count it as my own work?I said: My friends and I are not so stingy!I thank everyone for their help, and everyone is willing to help; the opinions of literary and art groups are always discussed in detail collectively.I'm so poor, I don't want to ask others for advice, and I don't want to change a word, that's my bad habit in the past.After changing it seven or eight times, if the ideological content is not very strong, I still throw it away.I'm not afraid of being burdened in vain, and I won't be burdened in vain—you can get the benefits of seven or eight times when you write it seven or eight times, and you don't have to publish it to get the benefits.I regret that sometimes I still lose my temper and easily publish bad things.In this way, I have been writing desperately all year round, whether it is published or not, I have to touch the pen every day.This seems bordering on boasting.However, in the glory of Chairman Mao, why did he not dare to be proud when he was given the opportunity to transform himself and gained a new life in literature and art?Chairman Mao told me what to write, how to write, and for whom. Should I not be grateful and follow it desperately?Yes, I know, I am still far, far away from being a writer of Mao Zedong Thought.However, I must go forward step by step according to Chairman Mao's instructions and never stop.In terms of thought and life, I still have many shortcomings, and I want to correct them one by one, so as to reduce the burden and move forward faster.The things I wrote before liberation can only be used as language exercises; what I write in the future, I hope, can become exercises after studying Chairman Mao's "Speech at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art".Only in this way can I not let the burden of "old writers" hinder my progress, accept criticism with an open mind, and gain new life in literature and art. 3. "Longxugou" In my more than 20 years of writing experience, writing "Longxugou" is the biggest adventure.Yes, before writing, I read some reference materials and observed it personally; however, that didn't help me fully understand Longxugou. But taking risks is sometimes an action inspired by enthusiasm, going forward regardless of success or failure.This is the case with my adventure writing "Longxugou".look!Longxugou is a famous stinking ditch in Beijing.The two banks of the ditch are full of hardworking and peaceful people. For many years, the reactionary government has treated the people as worthless. No matter how smelly, dirty, or harmful the ditch water (in fact, it is not water, but thick mud) is, it has never People intervene.Not only that, corrupt officials have swallowed more than once the money donated by the people for the repair of ditches.In the spring of 1950, the people's government decided to build ditches for the people. Among the many items in the construction of a new Beijing, this is a particularly commendable one.Because first, the government is not well-off financially, but it is still determined to eliminate pollution and harm for the people.Second, the government is not as concerned with building roads and buildings for dignitaries as the previous reactionary rulers were, nor is it so concerned with repairing thoroughfares and whitewashing the peace, but looking for the most urgent things to do first.Although Longxugou is in a remote place.The government doesn't ignore it just because it's remote.This is the people's government, so it really serves the people. In this way, it is not only the people of Longxugou who are grateful to the government, everyone with a heart should be included!I was moved, and I wanted to write about this matter, and whether it was written well or not, my gratitude to the government made me dare to take risks. Before writing this play, I read some documents on the construction of Longxugou, and personally watched the progress of the construction project, and asked young comrades from the People’s Art Theater to come to Longxugou at any time to find out what I wanted to know——I have legs I'm sick, I can't run too much.After I roughly understood what Longxugou was all about, I began to think about how to write it. But how to write it?I can't bring the stinking ditch to the stage; even if it were possible, it wouldn't be a good way to get a seat.I still have to write Smelly Ditch!If I make up a random story that is not closely connected with the stinky ditch, it is just for the plot to be lively, and it is easy to forget the responsibility of reflecting the construction of the capital; I can't do that, I have to write that ditch.After much deliberation, I decided: first, this must be a short play, with at most three acts, because the longer it is, the more difficult it is to write; second, it does not necessarily have a story, just some impressions.Based on these decisions, I thought, if I can write a few characters, they are all related to the ditch, like some small tributaries of the ditch, wouldn’t I be able to highlight the ditch from the characters’ mouths and actions? ?Their words and actions do not have to be the linkers of a story, but the interpreters of the stinking groove. If the script of "Longxugou" has merit, it must be because it has created several characters—everyone has his or her own character, appearance, thought, life, and his (or her) relationship with Longxugou. Relationship.This play has no organized story, no delicate interludes, but only a few characters to support the whole play.Without those few people, there would be no drama.If the play is small, there should not be many characters.I saw a small courtyard in my mind, next to the edge of the smelly ditch.Several old and young men and women lived in this mixed courtyard, and some things happened in this small courtyard.Well, this small courtyard is a small monument on the edge of the stinky ditch, explaining the evil of the stinky ditch.Yes, they must have many difficulties in life, but I can't take care of them all.My eyes are always on their relationship with the smelly ditch.In this way, I will hold on to the stinky ditches and achieve my praise of the people's government for repairing the ditches for the people.As for the lack of storytelling and the lack of descriptions of the characters in their daily lives, there is no way to take care of them. This play is difficult to write.Thanks to a lot of encouragement and help from the leaders and workers of the people's art drama, it can be written.They were going to the first draft and decided to try it out.I discussed with them many times to supplement and revise the first draft.During rehearsals, the actors kept going to Longxugou—the place smells so bad—to experience life.The theater dared to take the risk of adopting this un-like play, and the actors did not avoid the heat, and were not afraid of dirty smells, probably because of this: there is such a good government and we are stingy in praising it, which is to give up our responsibility. Mr. Jiao Juyin came to act as the director with illness, and scrutinized the script word by word on behalf of the author, and provided suggestions for improvement. I am very grateful.