Chapter 57 Section 4: The humiliating peace treaty with Japan

On November 30, 1987, the Japanese government released the diplomatic archives of the Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty. The "Asahi Shimbun" dealt with it on the front page the next day (December 1), to the effect that Taiwan's compensation claim against Japan in the Japan-China Peace Treaty Protocol was voluntarily waived in order to show goodwill. , but in the diplomatic documents published on the 30th, Taiwan did not give up readily, but used it as a bargaining chip in exchange for conditions, which was clearly seen in the process; To Zhang Qun said: "Other United Nations member states can give up, but the 'Republic of China' is absolutely necessary." Eiji Wajima said, isn't "your country" lenient?At the eighth informal meeting, Ye Gongchao expressed his "absolutely confidential proposal" to the government to "voluntarily give up in exchange for other conditions."The so-called other conditions are "equivalent to the membership of the United Nations stipulated in the San Francisco Peace Treaty" and the recognition of the government as the representative of the whole of China. The "Asahi Shimbun" concluded that in order to save face and strive for the status of a "big country", the Taiwan government finally gave up everything for the sake of fame.The release of Japanese archives and comments on public opinion have told people that Chiang Kai-shek went from "repaying grievances with virtue" to "giving up compensation" against Japan. There is a psychological background that is not humane, but is clearly known to outsiders.

According to Article 10 of the "Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty" dated April 28, 1952, it is clearly stipulated that: "The nationals of the Republic of China shall be deemed to have All Taiwan and Penghu residents of Chinese nationality and former residents of Taiwan and Penghu and their descendants; the legal persons of the Republic of China shall be considered to include all legal persons registered in accordance with the laws and regulations of the Republic of China in Taiwan and Penghu that have been implemented or may be implemented in the future.” It is also stated in the "Note No. 1": "The provisions of this treaty concerning one party of the Republic of China shall apply to all territories under the control of the government of the Republic of China now or in the future." The key words in the above articles are that The word "or".According to Chiang Kai-shek's original proposal, using the word "or" means that he does not have the meaning of controlling the territory of mainland China, and the word "and" should be used, and the English version should use and instead of or.But Japan refused.As early as the first year, the Japanese Chief Cabinet Secretary Katsuo Okazaki said to Dong Xianguang: "Our country respects your government very much, but unfortunately the current territory is only Taiwan ear!" Now when signing the contract, Chiang Kai-shek himself said "only Taiwan "ears", but Japan is required to sign a clause that "includes the mainland", of course the Japanese devils are not willing.In fact, Japan was not willing to sign a contract with Chiang Kai-shek, who was "only Taiwan's ear". Japan's original intention was to echo the British proposal and "invite the CCP to participate in the peace talks with Japan."The Soviet Union is also like-minded.The United States does not care about Soviet comrades, but cares about British comrades.Therefore, U.S. Secretary of State Dulles rushed to the United Kingdom, and on June 15, 1952, he told the "Republic of China" ambassador to the United States Gu Weijun of the result: Yu firmly opposed Britain’s idea of ​​inviting the Chinese Communist Party to participate, while Britain strongly opposed the United States’ proposal for the ROC government to participate in the signing. Finally, Yu proposed a compromise plan—that is, several countries signed a multilateral treaty with Japan; Decided to negotiate a bilateral peace treaty with China that is roughly the same, and Britain has already agreed. Although this does not meet your country's wishes, nine out of ten it is what your country wants." Dulles also told Gu Weijun that he should strictly keep secrets Guarantee: "I know that the Japanese government has a very good attitude towards your country, and is willing to sign a contract with your country, but opposes establishing a relationship with the CCP." In this way, on September 4, 1952, the peace conference with Japan was held in San Francisco The theater opened, and the "Republic of China" was not invited at all, and the signed "Jinshan Peace Treaty" was naturally completely irrelevant to it.Chiang Kai-shek's face was dull, so he had to wait for Japan to sign a contract with him alone.So in the second year, when Japan was negotiating a contract with the "Republic of China" under the pressure of the United States, Chiang Kai-shek was eager to save face at all costs.

The representative sent by Japan was Retsu Kawada, who was the Minister of Finance (Minister of Finance).He used to be the chairman of "Taiwan Tuozhi Co., Ltd." during World War II, and he was an expert in economic aggression in Asia.He was sent out to negotiate with Chiang Kai-shek's government, and he had a clear picture of Chiang Kai-shek's situation and mentality.He played the white face in Taipei, and reserved the black face for Tokyo.During the negotiation process, Tokyo’s tricks to play tricks on Chiang Kai-shek kept coming and going. At one time, they said that Taiwan is a local government rather than the central government. The order came, and after a while, the secret agreement of the "Republic of China" was announced... Repeatedly, it made Chiang Kai-shek go round and round, and it lasted for 70 days. ), and finally Chiang Kai-shek obediently submitted—the victorious country obediently submitted to the defeated country.signed.

Among the signed texts, the most eye-catching is the following text in the "Protocol": "In order to show leniency and friendship to the Japanese people, the Republic of China voluntarily renounces Japan's obligations in accordance with the first paragraph of Article 14 of the Jinshan Peace Treaty. Interests in the services provided.” This means that regarding the issue of compensation for the defeated country, the “Republic of China” as the victorious country automatically renounced the “service compensation” stipulated in Article 14 of the “Jinshan Peace Treaty”.In other words, all compensations are exempted? There is no mention of compensation clauses in the entire treaty, which is unprecedented in world history.In this humiliation, you can see the clues from Ye Gongchao's words to the Japanese representative:

The Jinshan Peace Treaty is unprecedentedly lenient to the defeated countries, and our request for drafts and even giving up service compensation is not as good as the Jinshan Peace Treaty. There is nothing excessive about it. What makes it difficult for your country to accept it?Since your two countries started negotiations, all your objections have been to the clauses of the Jinshan Peace Treaty. I can’t sleep day and night. I read historical materials and went to Li Hefei (Hongzhang)’s Chunfanlou Maguan Yihe for a record. I can see that Li Xiangguo (Hongzhang) has always been sincere. He not only respects Japan’s status as a victorious country, but also regards Japan as a friend. .This kind of far-sighted spirit is enough for the law.In this negotiation between you and us, we did not regard you as a defeated country, but always focused on the future cooperation and friendship between China and Japan.Our country has fought against your country for the longest time and suffered the most disasters, and the loss of human life is even more incalculable. According to the usual practice, it is natural to demand compensation, but now it does not serve compensation and voluntarily renounces it. It is very obvious that it wants to maintain friendship with your country forever.Today, I feel that your side not only does not recognize my status as an ally, but also cares about the status of mutual equality.

How can Ye Gongchao compare with the "Treaty of Shimonoseki"? In the "Treaty of Shimonoseki", China maintained its dignity with the defeated country; in the "Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty", the victorious country suffered humiliation, and this kind of humiliation could not be accepted if Chiang Kai-shek had no obsequiousness and selfishness.When Li Hongzhang negotiated peace with Japan in Shimonoseki, what he lost was Taiwan; when Chiang Kai-shek negotiated peace with Japan in Taiwan, what he lost was the essence of the Chinese victors.This kind of "clumsy" work can be said to be the only one among politicians from ancient and modern China and abroad.

Chiang Kai-shek did not discuss with any Chinese during the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, and decided to "repay grievances with virtue" alone. When he retreated to Taiwan, he conspired with his party members to "give up compensation".According to the recollection of Kimura Shiroshichi, Japan’s chief attaché during the negotiation of the Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty, the initial proposal by the “Republic of China” was only to ask Japan to recognize them as the “orthodox government” and other three items, and did not raise the issue of compensation at all, and later added this issue , but as a bargaining chip in exchange for conditions. After the exchange is in hand, the compensation can be waived. This is not "selling coupons" (Japanese "death to face"), what is it?

In fact, Chiang Kai-shek is exactly that.What makes the problem more complicated is that when he is desperate for face, he always flatters Japan.Not to mention those before or during the Anti-Japanese War, just watching some rainy and windy films after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War is breathtaking? Take his treatment of Japan's number one war criminal, Commander-in-Chief Okamura Neiji, as an example.Okamura Ningji, as the commander-in-chief of the invasion of China, how can he be found not guilty?But Chiang Kai-shek insisted on acquitting him? Xuan not only wanted to acquit him, but even showed him the contents of the letter of surrender before the surrender ceremony, and even "pasted" him so that he did not have to present his saber on the spot.In addition, he was specially summoned and asked him, "How is your health? If there is any inconvenience in life, please feel free to tell me or Commander-in-Chief He."In the end, when Chiang Kai-shek was defeated and left the field, Li Zongren took over and ordered Okamura Neiji to be arrested, Okamura Neiji was ordered by Chiang Kai-shek to sneak back to Japan quickly.Is Chiang Kai-shek's "service benefits from supply" really worthy of the name "service compensation"? It's a pity that the victors did it to honor the defeated?

It is his selfishness that is close to Chiang Kai-shek. ... Jiang Tingfu later concluded: "Although an individual is patriotic, once he joins the struggle for power, he will inevitably focus on the purpose and use whatever means... If this kind of struggle continues for a long time, the country will be sold out." Chiang Kai-shek changed from "repaying grievances with virtue" to "giving up compensation" In addition to his flattery towards Japan, in order to keep his regime, his selfishness is rampant, and he repeatedly loses power and humiliates the country without hesitation, which is also the main reason.Chiang Kai-shek's misfortune is that he met people who were unkind, and his targets were always ruthless and unjust Japanese. As a result, even though he was charming, he was not immune to being betrayed. In September 1972, Japanese Foreign Minister Masaoyo Ohira said when he recognized the CCP. : "The "Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty" has lost its meaning and has come to an end." When the news came, Chiang Kai-shek's disgraced head can be imagined.The most ridiculous thing is that after Chiang Kai-shek's death, the Japanese published the secret document of the "Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty", which further revealed Chiang Kai-shek's oriental appearance.

Before the signing of the "Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty", Zhang Qun talked to the Japanese representative and said: "Before the Sino-Japanese war, we tried our best to eliminate the war disaster, but unfortunately we failed. After Japan surrendered and the war ended, we were sad and vigilant. Never regarded itself as a victorious country." What a "never claimed to be a victorious country"? Choosing a defeated country is no different from a victorious country in the "Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty." See the secret document of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the "Republic of China" ( "The Reaction of Countries After the Signing of the Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty", May 10, 1952), how can it not be awe-inspiring?