Chapter 45 Chapter Nine Can't Beat Mao Zedong
Chapter 1 Where is Self-Knowledge?
When Chiang Kai-shek "suppressed bandits" in Jiangxi, with ten times as many people, he couldn't defeat Mao Zedong, and he lost four times. In the end, Bogu and Li De stepped in, Mao Zedong had no right to use force, and Chiang succeeded in his fifth encirclement and suppression.Perhaps Mao could not save this defeat, but Mao actually turned the disastrous "fleeing" into a victorious "Long March", defeating without collapse, retreating without chaos, and re-establishing a revolutionary base.If Jiang had self-knowledge, he should have known that he was definitely not Mao's wife, politically or militarily, but Jiang had always regarded Mao as a grassroots bandit, thinking that he might wipe him out in one fell swoop.
At the time of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the strength of the CCP was beyond comparison. The Red Army had more than one million people, and the population under its jurisdiction was close to 100 million. Moreover, because it was engaged in guerrilla operations behind the enemy lines, it had a base area, and when the enemy retreated, it would be able to take the lead. In addition, the strict organization With strict discipline, it has become a reality.Although its army is still "millet plus rifles" and its liberated areas are still remote areas, it has formed a force that cannot be ignored, and its leaders Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and others are ambitious and clearly have the heart to win the Central Plains.However, due to the disparity in strength compared with the Kuomintang, the international reality, and the general war-weariness in the country, it is unable and unwilling to challenge the Kuomintang, but seeks to reorganize the Kuomintang one-party dictatorship government, reorganize the coalition government that combines various parties, and almost obtain legal status. , sharing power.But Chiang Kai-shek did not allow others to sleep soundly beside his couch. He wanted the CCP to hand over the army and local government before the establishment of the coalition government, which was tantamount to asking Mao Zedong to take the lead in surrendering.Impossible, that is, to solve it by force, to repeat the old trick of suppressing "bandits" in Jiangxi. However, the current situation is different, and the "communist bandits" that could not be wiped out with ten times the number of people can now be wiped out with three or four times the number of people. ?
It is impossible for Chiang Kai-shek not to know that the CCP has become bigger, but he obviously thinks that he is even bigger.After the Pearl Harbor Incident, the United States provided great assistance to Chiang and equipped many elite direct-line divisions. However, due to Jiang's obstruction, American weapons were not allowed to enter the communist area.After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Chen Cheng reorganized and eliminated the so-called miscellaneous brands.In June 1946, the U.S. Congress passed the "Military Aid to China Act", which gave the U.S. government broad powers to prepare and train troops for Chiang, as well as provide weapons and equipment.On July 16, the United States donated another 271 ships to Chiang; on August 31, the United States sold Chiang another 800 million U.S. dollars of "surplus materials" at a discount of 20%.And when Chiang began to fight the civil war, his land, sea, and air forces had a total strength of more than 4.3 million people.In terms of numbers, it is far more than the communist army, and the excellent equipment is even more unmatched by the communist army.Against this backdrop, Chiang announced at the Nanjing Military Conference in October that the Communists would be defeated within five months.Since the communist army can be defeated within five months, why is there a need for peace talks?No wonder he openly said during the commemoration week on June 17: "Some people think that the CCP's problem cannot be solved militarily. It is extremely easy." (See Tang Zong's "Eight Years with Chiang Kai-shek", page 623) He also wrote in his diary on July 17: "The United States has always insisted on its idea of not using force, and at the expense of our country's survival. I don't care about it, but it's a pity? "Election" shows that the peace talks have dragged on for so long, entirely due to the pressure from Truman and Marshall, otherwise Chiang would have started the fight long ago.
Chiang Kai-shek is so confident in fighting the civil war, mainly because he only sees the elite of "military hardware" and has no time to carefully examine the defeat of his army's "software".As early as during the Anti-Japanese War, with the increase of American aid, the combat capability of the Kuomintang army declined instead. The reason was that senior officers had no fighting spirit, and even indulged in sex, gambling, and smuggling. Short and sloppy, the food and medical conditions are worse, often have to endure hunger, cold and disease, and the treatment of wounded soldiers is extremely sloppy and inhumane. (See Yi Laoyi's "Seeds of Destruction", Chapter 6) A well-known American reporter reported that KMT officers treated soldiers like animals and beat, punished, and even killed them at will. (See White and Jacoby, Thunder Out of China, p. 140), and the US military advisory group also believed that the physical fitness and nutrition of Chinese soldiers were poor. (Barrett, Dixie Mission, p. 60) This situation has not improved since the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. How can such an army have morale and combat effectiveness?
The corruption of Kuomintang military officers is almost unanimous in the writings of foreign journalists. It seems that they are only based on impressions and have no real evidence.Let us give an example of authoritative evidence here. After Dai Li, the leader of the military command, died in a plane crash, Tang Zong discovered that "Yunong's house in Shenxiandong Street is magnificent and majestic" and that "Brother Yu Nong had gold when he was there." There are more than a thousand pieces (or two), and more than 100,000 U.S. banknotes." (See "Eight Years with Chiang Kai-shek", pages 604, 608) Dai Li is Chiang Kai-shek's most trusted and popular spy.It is not surprising that after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the reception became a robbery, and the five sons were admitted to the imperial examination.To make matters worse, the corrupt army has already lost the hearts of the people, and only those who win the hearts of the people can win the world.Tang Zong also revealed in his diary a Ye Zhiqiu style:
The Ninth Army marched from the northwest to Guizhou for reinforcements. It had been two months on foot, and the men and horses were exhausted. Most of the soldiers were sick and their feet were bleeding.From what I saw along the way, the troops had not yet entered the city, and all the shops and houses in the city were closed.The pots and stoves carried by the army are limited, and the supply of tea, porridge and rice is a problem.There is nowhere to go in the dark night, and every time I sleep on the street, I only wear cotton jackets when I go to Bishan.They believe that the reason for the low morale is the disconnection between the military and the people, the disconnection between the military and the government, and the disconnection between the officers and soldiers.Based on the experience of the Henan campaign and this march, they deeply felt that the common people had rejected them thousands of miles away. (same book, page 477)
Chiang Kai-shek scolded others as "communist bandits", but his own army was regarded as bandits by the common people, and "shops closed" and "households closed" before entering the city? Tang Zong, the general of the army, would not have made rumors about his own people?
When Chiang Kai-shek "suppressed bandits" in Jiangxi, with ten times as many people, he couldn't defeat Mao Zedong, and he lost four times. In the end, Bogu and Li De stepped in, Mao Zedong had no right to use force, and Chiang succeeded in his fifth encirclement and suppression.Perhaps Mao could not save this defeat, but Mao actually turned the disastrous "fleeing" into a victorious "Long March", defeating without collapse, retreating without chaos, and re-establishing a revolutionary base.If Jiang had self-knowledge, he should have known that he was definitely not Mao's wife, politically or militarily, but Jiang had always regarded Mao as a grassroots bandit, thinking that he might wipe him out in one fell swoop.
At the time of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the strength of the CCP was beyond comparison. The Red Army had more than one million people, and the population under its jurisdiction was close to 100 million. Moreover, because it was engaged in guerrilla operations behind the enemy lines, it had a base area, and when the enemy retreated, it would be able to take the lead. In addition, the strict organization With strict discipline, it has become a reality.Although its army is still "millet plus rifles" and its liberated areas are still remote areas, it has formed a force that cannot be ignored, and its leaders Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and others are ambitious and clearly have the heart to win the Central Plains.However, due to the disparity in strength compared with the Kuomintang, the international reality, and the general war-weariness in the country, it is unable and unwilling to challenge the Kuomintang, but seeks to reorganize the Kuomintang one-party dictatorship government, reorganize the coalition government that combines various parties, and almost obtain legal status. , sharing power.But Chiang Kai-shek did not allow others to sleep soundly beside his couch. He wanted the CCP to hand over the army and local government before the establishment of the coalition government, which was tantamount to asking Mao Zedong to take the lead in surrendering.Impossible, that is, to solve it by force, to repeat the old trick of suppressing "bandits" in Jiangxi. However, the current situation is different, and the "communist bandits" that could not be wiped out with ten times the number of people can now be wiped out with three or four times the number of people. ?
It is impossible for Chiang Kai-shek not to know that the CCP has become bigger, but he obviously thinks that he is even bigger.After the Pearl Harbor Incident, the United States provided great assistance to Chiang and equipped many elite direct-line divisions. However, due to Jiang's obstruction, American weapons were not allowed to enter the communist area.After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Chen Cheng reorganized and eliminated the so-called miscellaneous brands.In June 1946, the U.S. Congress passed the "Military Aid to China Act", which gave the U.S. government broad powers to prepare and train troops for Chiang, as well as provide weapons and equipment.On July 16, the United States donated another 271 ships to Chiang; on August 31, the United States sold Chiang another 800 million U.S. dollars of "surplus materials" at a discount of 20%.And when Chiang began to fight the civil war, his land, sea, and air forces had a total strength of more than 4.3 million people.In terms of numbers, it is far more than the communist army, and the excellent equipment is even more unmatched by the communist army.Against this backdrop, Chiang announced at the Nanjing Military Conference in October that the Communists would be defeated within five months.Since the communist army can be defeated within five months, why is there a need for peace talks?No wonder he openly said during the commemoration week on June 17: "Some people think that the CCP's problem cannot be solved militarily. It is extremely easy." (See Tang Zong's "Eight Years with Chiang Kai-shek", page 623) He also wrote in his diary on July 17: "The United States has always insisted on its idea of not using force, and at the expense of our country's survival. I don't care about it, but it's a pity? "Election" shows that the peace talks have dragged on for so long, entirely due to the pressure from Truman and Marshall, otherwise Chiang would have started the fight long ago.
Chiang Kai-shek is so confident in fighting the civil war, mainly because he only sees the elite of "military hardware" and has no time to carefully examine the defeat of his army's "software".As early as during the Anti-Japanese War, with the increase of American aid, the combat capability of the Kuomintang army declined instead. The reason was that senior officers had no fighting spirit, and even indulged in sex, gambling, and smuggling. Short and sloppy, the food and medical conditions are worse, often have to endure hunger, cold and disease, and the treatment of wounded soldiers is extremely sloppy and inhumane. (See Yi Laoyi's "Seeds of Destruction", Chapter 6) A well-known American reporter reported that KMT officers treated soldiers like animals and beat, punished, and even killed them at will. (See White and Jacoby, Thunder Out of China, p. 140), and the US military advisory group also believed that the physical fitness and nutrition of Chinese soldiers were poor. (Barrett, Dixie Mission, p. 60) This situation has not improved since the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. How can such an army have morale and combat effectiveness?
The corruption of Kuomintang military officers is almost unanimous in the writings of foreign journalists. It seems that they are only based on impressions and have no real evidence.Let us give an example of authoritative evidence here. After Dai Li, the leader of the military command, died in a plane crash, Tang Zong discovered that "Yunong's house in Shenxiandong Street is magnificent and majestic" and that "Brother Yu Nong had gold when he was there." There are more than a thousand pieces (or two), and more than 100,000 U.S. banknotes." (See "Eight Years with Chiang Kai-shek", pages 604, 608) Dai Li is Chiang Kai-shek's most trusted and popular spy.It is not surprising that after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the reception became a robbery, and the five sons were admitted to the imperial examination.To make matters worse, the corrupt army has already lost the hearts of the people, and only those who win the hearts of the people can win the world.Tang Zong also revealed in his diary a Ye Zhiqiu style:
The Ninth Army marched from the northwest to Guizhou for reinforcements. It had been two months on foot, and the men and horses were exhausted. Most of the soldiers were sick and their feet were bleeding.From what I saw along the way, the troops had not yet entered the city, and all the shops and houses in the city were closed.The pots and stoves carried by the army are limited, and the supply of tea, porridge and rice is a problem.There is nowhere to go in the dark night, and every time I sleep on the street, I only wear cotton jackets when I go to Bishan.They believe that the reason for the low morale is the disconnection between the military and the people, the disconnection between the military and the government, and the disconnection between the officers and soldiers.Based on the experience of the Henan campaign and this march, they deeply felt that the common people had rejected them thousands of miles away. (same book, page 477)
Chiang Kai-shek scolded others as "communist bandits", but his own army was regarded as bandits by the common people. Before entering the city, the "shops were closed" and "households were closed." General Tang Zong, the military commander, would not have made rumors about his own people, right?
The corruption of the quality of the Kuomintang army is only one aspect of the overall political failure.The Kuomintang needs thorough political reform, and those with a heart in the party have already understood it.However, the reform was difficult because Chiang Kai-shek's personal dictatorship was difficult to change, and the foundation of his dictatorship had four pillars, one was CC and Huangpu, and the other was the Kong and Song family.The problem of the former is incompetence, and the problem of the latter is corruption.The former is a teacher-student relationship, while the latter is a nepotism.If these four pillars were really to be cut off, Chiang Kai-shek's political foundation would be finished.This is why it is impossible for him to abandon the four pillars, he can only live and die with the four pillars.
Kong Song's corruption is so bad that it is definitely not the propaganda of the Communist Party or the malicious slander of anti-Chiang elements.Even Fu Sinian, a pro-Chiang liberal, did not hide his facts.American writer Seagrave's "The Song Dynasty" does exaggerate false narratives, but he has obtained a lot of real evidence thanks to the "Free Information Act" of the United States, especially about Kong Song's embezzlement of public funds. In terms of private pockets.Here is just one example to summarize the rest.Information from the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBl) revealed that Song Ziwen misappropriated funds from the Lend-Lease Act to purchase 60 tanks and other expensive military items, and then sank them for reimbursement while they were being transported by sea. into Song Ziwen's pocket. (See Seagrave, The Soon Dynasty, P. 407-408) According to Dean Rusk's estimate, Soong Ziwen has a property of 1.5 billion US dollars, and his relatives have even more money. (See Rusk’s memorandum to Secretary of State Acheson, quoted from Cumings, The Origins of the Korean War, p. 153, see also p. The trend, although Song Ziwen was impeached and resigned as the executive president, Jiang immediately announced that Song was the governor of Guangdong. It was really hard to let go.The link between Kong and Song is Soong Ailing. If Soong Ching-ling is the most idealist among the Soong sisters, then Soong Ailing is the most realistic and the best. The marriage between Chiang Kai-shek and Soong Meiling is also her most laborious, de facto matchmaker.As for the bridge between Jiang, Song and Kong, it was Soong Meiling.
Song Meiling looks like a wife is more expensive than her husband, but it is not.She has received a good modern education, and there are many things that make Chiang Kai-shek feel inferior.We can see from Li Zongren's memoirs that after Jiang married Song Nv, even his attitude towards Zhang Jingjiang changed, and he no longer bought it.It should be known that when Chiang Kai-shek was hanging around in Shanghai, he was the younger brother of Zhang's family running errands.Later, when Chiang Ching-kuo was fighting tigers in Shanghai and captured Kong Lingkan, it was Soong Meiling who intervened, and Chiang Kai-shek could do nothing to help, so we can see Soong Meiling's influence here.Although Song Meiling was not the queen mother, she had some powers of the queen mother, and Chiang Kai-shek had to look at her, so the nepotism was unbreakable.
Chiang Kai-shek’s platform was supported by these four pillars, without a mass base, and regardless of post-war inflation, rural economic bankruptcy, industrial and commercial decline, increasing unemployment, poor livelihood, workers’ strikes, student demonstrations, and rural uprisings Since then, people have been war-weary and intellectuals have longed for peaceful construction, and they have launched a full-scale civil war. They rely on three to four million troops, but their troops are actually gold and jade, and they are not reliable.If he is self-aware that he should take advantage of Marshall's mediation, stop at the right time, earnestly implement the resolutions of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and organize a democratic and enlightened coalition government, then although the Kuomintang can no longer be a one-party dictatorship, at least it can share power and maintain the name of the Republic of China and Chiang Kai-shek. leadership position.I can't think of this, I just want to be exclusive, and I am reckless to the end, and finally "the seven treasures of the building are turned into ashes" (Chen Yinke's poem), making the world laugh.