Chapter 43 The fourth quarter betrayed Outer Mongolia

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, China became one of the top five powers, abolished the unequal treaty, but signed the unequal Sino-Soviet treaty, and betrayed Outer Mongolia.This is a major diplomatic event decided by Chiang Kai-shek and carried out by Wang Shijie. What is going on? Let's start with a letter.On February 22, 1966, Wang Shijie sent a letter to Zhang Jiuru saying: Nine like brothers benefit: Come to show me.The manuscript has also been roughly read. Brother wrote this long article in his 70s, and he can write such clear and small characters with strong energy, which can be seen in general.Shijie thinks that he is not a suitable person to be a preface, so my humble opinion is the same as that of Mr. Yue Jun.Although Shijie met with Mao Zhou once or twice after Mao Zedong arrived in Chongqing (August 28, 1934), during the peace talks between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, he was unable to attend the meeting of the five foreign ministers in London; , so I don't know it well (Shijie left for London on September 4th and returned to Chongqing on October 8th), but the atmosphere and environment at that time are still fresh in my memory.Regarding the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the Sino-Soviet negotiations, and the reasons for the fall of the mainland, the facts and humble opinions Shijie knows may still be of sufficient value for my brother and political historians to participate.But for the benefit of the country, Shijie has kept his mouth shut for 20 years. Even if we get together, my brother and I are sick and cannot speak freely.hand this

Shun Song Li Qi Sincerely, brother Wang Shijie, February 22, fifty-five years The statement in this letter that it is for the national interest, that it has been kept secret for 20 years, and that it cannot be freely expressed adds to the mystery of this matter.The "Sino-Soviet negotiation" mentioned in Wang Shijie's letter refers to the so-called "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance" he signed on August 14, 1945 in his capacity as foreign minister.This treaty follows from the Yalta Agreement of February 11, 1945.George Creel, an American who is pro-KMT, wrote in his book "The Red Calamity of Asia":

After the Yalta agreement, they have been concealing it from China, and they have not asked for China's consent. This proves that President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill are not insensitive to the disgrace of this agreement.It was not until June of that year that Chiang Kai-shek knew that he had been betrayed by the allies who had pledged the oath together.At the same time, Truman did not know about the Yalta Agreement until after the death of President Roosevelt. Creel wrote again: President Truman did not think about it, and it can be said that out of frankness, he sent a note to the Chongqing Nationalist Government in June, telling China about the Yalta Agreement.After the moaning and despair ceased, everyone knew that the matter was irreparable unless better possible conditions were obtained from the Soviet Union.

China was abandoned by the United States, and China's sorrow can be imagined. Therefore, Song Ziwen was sent to Moscow soon. Stalin is like a cat that has swallowed a canary, he will not be very merciful...Criel wrote again: The Sino-Soviet Treaty clearly recognized the legitimacy of Chiang Kai-shek's government, but also clearly denied the Chinese Communist Party.However, the guarantees mentioned by the Soviet Union in the treaty were all empty, while the concessions made by China were all concrete and tangible. But Creel did not really say, why did Roosevelt sign the Yalta Agreement?Why betray China?In fact, it is very simple. Chiang Kai-shek was not effective in the war of resistance, so Roosevelt had no choice but to ask Stalin to send troops to East Asia after the defeat of Germany.What a traitor Stalin was, if he was asked to send troops, there would be no free lunch, and full Mongolia would be the price he demanded.What Roosevelt miscalculated was that Japan surrendered as soon as the atomic bomb was dropped, and there was no need for the Soviet Union to send troops. As a result, during the Cold War, many American right-wingers attacked Roosevelt's Yalta agreement as a "great betrayal."But Roosevelt's motivation was still due to Chiang Kai-shek's incompetence. The Japanese "Operation No. 1" in 1944 almost defeated Chongqing, which exposed his incompetence. The Japanese will also threaten the Americans with defeat.What options does this teach Roosevelt?This is what Stalin himself said to Chiang Ching-kuo: "China is unable to expel Japan. Since China needs the help of the Soviet Union, it should accept the request of the Soviet Union." We should note that although the Yalta Secret Treaty stated that the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union agreed to the Soviet Union’s request, it also stated that the rights and interests of ports and railways in Outer Mongolia and Manchuria must be approved by the Generalissimo (see Dalek, FDR and American Foreign Policy, p. 518), yet our Generalissimo Chiang actually approved it.As the old saying goes, "People must insult themselves and others will insult them." Chiang Kai-shek's self-aggression reached the point of humiliating and harming the country.

Creel talked about "Song Ziwen was sent to Moscow soon".Song was the Premier and Minister of Foreign Affairs at the time. After meeting Stalin, he knew that he was going to Outer Mongolia. Song said that "any Chinese government cannot exist without ceding the territory." public table".Song said that "the matter exceeded the scope of the training order" and asked Chiang Kai-shek for instructions as a way to delay the army.But Song Jiuhou's orders were not available, so he invited Jiang Jingguo and Stalin to negotiate outside the meeting, and finally found out Stalin's true meaning.During the talks on July 7, 1945, Song argued that the original agreement only maintained the status quo of Outer Mongolia and did not talk about independence, but Stalin said that Outer Mongolia was already a "People's Republic" and the status quo was independence.Song argued for a high degree of autonomy, and Sri Lanka also refused. He also said that if the independence of Outer Mongolia is not resolved, the Sino-Soviet alliance cannot be discussed.Obviously, Stalin took a tough attitude and told Song Ziwen that if you don't betray the country, nothing will be discussed. (Refer to the previous citation shared by Liang Jingzheng)

Chiang Kai-shek showed weakness under Stalin's arbitrariness. After he convened senior staff to discuss, he issued the following order: 1. The issue of the independence of Outer Mongolia cannot be considered until our country is truly unified, its territorial sovereignty is truly intact, and its administration is truly complete. 2. If the Soviet Union can guarantee the integrity of the territorial sovereignty of the three eastern provinces, does not support the CCP's separatist rule, and does not encourage the rebellion in Xinjiang, then it can be considered. 3. The Chinese government is willing to voluntarily propose an independence proposal for Outer Mongolia to allow it to be independent through the referendum of Outer Mongolia. However, this should not be done until after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.

4. Dalian should be a free port, Lushun should be a military port shared by China and the Soviet Union, and the main railway line should be jointly operated by China and the Soviet Union, but the management right still remains in China. This decree has basically promised the independence of Outer Mongolia, but only for a little exchange of selling.Chiang Kai-shek's betrayal was actually more than Yalta's betrayal, because the Yalta agreement called for maintaining the status quo. According to Roosevelt's explanation, China still had suzerainty, and now even the suzerainty has been sold.

Song Ziwen is a smart man and a relative of the emperor. He can be the foreign minister in order to sign the glorious United Nations Charter in San Francisco, and he can resign as the foreign minister in order not to sign the traitorous treaty.But what's the use?The royal relatives and relatives do not do it, but their own retainers and slaves do it, and the one who does it is Wang Shijie.As soon as Wang Shijie came to power, he signed the so-called "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance" to sell the following four Chinese rights: 1. Recognize the independence and self-government of Outer Mongolia.

2. Joint operation of the Northeast Changchun Railway. 3. Declare Dalian as a free port, exempt from tariffs on goods directly transported by the Changchun Railway to Soviet Russia and exported from Soviet Russia. 4. Lushunkou is jointly used by the two countries as a naval base. In exchange for the four major promises of the Soviet Union: 1. The Soviet Russian government agrees to provide China with moral assistance, military supplies and other material assistance. This assistance shall be fully provided to the Central Government, that is, the National Government. 2. The Soviet Russian government regards the three eastern provinces as part of China, reaffirms respect for China's full sovereignty in the three eastern provinces, and reaffirms its recognition of its territorial and administrative integrity.

3. With regard to the recent incidents in Xinjiang, the Soviet Russian government reiterated that it has no intention of interfering in China's internal affairs. 4. After the surrender of Japan, the Soviet Russian army should begin to retreat within three weeks, and at most three months should be sufficient for a complete withdrawal period. The treasonous deal has been completed, and the remaining issue of the independence of Outer Mongolia is red tape.Official articles can be divided into two categories, one is the Chiang Kai-shek government to the Soviet Union, and the other is the Chiang Kai-shek government to the Chinese people (including the people of Outer Mongolia).

Regarding the relationship between the Chiang Kai-shek government and the Soviet Union, first there was the so-called "Note from Minister Wang of the National Government of the Republic of China to Minister Molotov of the People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union". The full text is as follows: Mr. Minister: Because the people of Outer Mongolia have repeatedly expressed their desire for independence, the Chinese government declares that after the defeat of Japan, if the referendum in Outer Mongolia confirms this desire, the Chinese government will recognize the independence of Outer Mongolia, that is, use its current border as the boundary. The statement above became binding after the ratification of the Sino-Soviet Friendship and Alliance Treaty signed on August 14, 1934. Minister Shunxiang Your honorable minister expresses his high respect. this photo Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR Molotov August 14th, thirty-fourth year of the Republic of China August 14, 1945 Wang Shijie After the official article was gone, the Soviet Union issued the so-called "Note from Minister Molotov of the People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union to Minister Wang of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Nationalist Government of the Republic of China". The full text is as follows: Mr. Minister: Accept your note to open: "Because the people of Outer Mongolia have repeatedly expressed their desire for independence, the Chinese government declares that after the defeat of Japan, if the referendum in Outer Mongolia confirms this desire, the Chinese government will recognize the independence of Outer Mongolia, that is, use its current borders as the boundary. The statement above became binding after the ratification of the Sino-Soviet Friendship and Alliance Treaty signed on August 14, 1934. " The Government of the Soviet Union expressed satisfaction with the above note from the Government of the Republic of China, and hereby declares that the Government of the Soviet Union will respect the political independence and territorial integrity of the Mongolian People's Republic (Outer Mongolia). Minister Shunxiang Your honorable minister expresses his high respect. this photo Wang Shijie, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the National Government of the Republic of China August 14th, thirty-fourth year of the Republic of China August 14, 1945 Molotov (signature) Chiang Kai-shek betrayed Outer Mongolia, but said that "it is because the people of Outer Mongolia have repeatedly expressed their desire for independence" and used lies to step down, which is really rare in China and abroad? Another type of red tape is how to complete the fake "referendum" so that the Chiang government can be relieved of the responsibility of betraying the country.But this is also a stupid show, using a "referendum" for no reason to "legalize" Outer Mongolia's independence? The representative of Chiang Kai-shek who chose to perform this fake and stupid scene was Lei Fazhang.When Lei Fazhang was sent to Outer Mongolia to "visit" the plebiscite, he was the executive deputy minister of the Ministry of the Interior.In March 1981, he published an article "Sent to Outer Mongolia to Visit the Passage of the Referendum" in "Oriental Magazine". This memoir gave us a lot of insight: First, before the results of the "referendum" are announced, Outer Mongolia is Chinese territory, and the people of Outer Mongolia are the Chinese people. Before the "completion of legal procedures", they should naturally be under the jurisdiction of the Chinese government.The Chinese government sent officials from the central government, which should be "monitoring votes", how could it be "visiting"? "The preparation and execution of the voting are all presided over by the Outer Mongolian authorities themselves, and the government will not intervene. Only when the voting is held, representatives are sent to visit." What is this saying? Second, Lei Fazhang said, "After being dispatched, he paid homage to the former President Chiang Kai-shek, who was then the chairman of the government. He was ordered to visit the voting situation on behalf of the government, and to investigate the political and social conditions of Outer Mongolia, without any communication with the Outer Mongolian authorities. Negotiations. Regarding the voting, it is only appropriate to observe carefully, but not to interfere or make any statements."This is another order to release the water. Third, Lei Fazhang’s report has pointed out that “this referendum is said to be the people of Outer Mongolia expressing their desire for independence to the world. Therefore, this process is purely an act of stealing the ears and stealing the bell.” The so-called “referendum” In the eyes of the Kuomintang officials, the theory is also a fake show that is not convincing, and Chiang Kai-shek knows this very well.Knowing well that if you want to hide the truth, you have to block the truth.Therefore: "Because the original report is a secret document, the government has not released it. Therefore, except for the diplomatic authorities, few people know its content." Lei Fazhang "acted cautiously when he was in Mongolia, and reported it faithfully when he returned. Except for the Written reports to the government, and oral preparations for consultation, did not make any speeches or written statements to the outside world, so as to keep them confidential. For example, Central University and Central Political University have been invited several times to give public lectures, but all of them have been declined. The situational decree was scheduled to be reported in the central commemoration week, but it has not been carried out.”why?There is no other reason. The Chiang government wants to shirk its responsibility and lie to the Chinese people, saying that Outer Mongolia did not want it to be independent, but became independent through a "referendum".Now that the "referendum" is false, the independence of Outer Mongolia will lose its basis.If Outer Mongolia is not independent, the Chiang government will not be able to complete the feat of traitorousness, so it has to cover everything up.Of course Lei Fazhang didn't dare to say anything. Mao Yiheng said in "Memoirs of Russia and Mongolia" that the "referendum" in Outer Mongolia had 490,000 qualified voters, and 98% of the participants unanimously supported independence, but Lei Fazhang said: "The citizens of Outer Mongolia Voting is a legal farce. Not only the Outer Mongolian government itself knows it, we know it, but even other countries in the world don’t know it? Our judgment is by no means a subjective bias, it is based on specific facts and reasons Based on that." (Lei Fazhang's "Old Country Rivers and Mountains Talking about Outer Mongolia--Kulun Inspection Record in the Thirty-Four Years of the Republic of China" published in "China and Foreign Magazine") Chiang Ching-kuo also admitted in "Silence in the Storm" that "about the independence of Outer Mongolia-- In fact, it is the issue of the Soviet Union's annexation of Outer Mongolia." I also know that the "nationals" of China "will not forgive", and the "nationals" of China will definitely say that Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang "sold out the country". The Kuomintang wants to cover up everything, and wants to use methods such as "making a secret agreement first" and "referendum" to achieve the goal of betraying the country and getting rid of crimes.However, as the Soviet dictator said: "The eyes of the people are discerning." Zhang Weihuan, who had worked so hard for many years by Chiang Kai-shek, finally ended up trying to cover up.Even Lei Fazhang himself, after the death of Chiang Kai-shek and after he became obsessed with Christianity, carefully revealed the inside story, so that we can suddenly understand some of the truth at that time.Is this really the "miracle reappearance" of "the Lord Jesus"? Wang Shijie came back from the betrayal of the Soviet Union, saying that this treaty can guarantee the peace between China and the Soviet Union for 30 years, and demanded that it be passed smoothly.On August 24, 1945, ninety-nine legislators from the Kuomintang’s political training period gathered in the Great Hall of the Nationalist Government in Chongqing. Bits stood up, with only four objecting.Therefore, after the Kuomintang president and the Kuomintang foreign minister betrayed the country, the Kuomintang legislators also betrayed the country.In the second year, Sun Ke talked about "Are you pro-American? Are you pro-Su?" at the Alumni Association in America: We have already lost a lot by signing this treaty, but if we can spend 30 years of friendly treaty and let us work hard to build it in 30 years, it is worthwhile to lose the corner and gain the mulberry.Thirty years later, when China is strong, it is not too late to recoup the losses. The treaty was discussed with a long-term perspective, so it was finally approved. (Published by "Central Weekly" Central Daily) What a "big vision" of "thirty years"? Why choose thirty years?The Soviet Union gave Chiang Kai-shek a good look in the first year.The Soviet army raped and plundered the Northeast. Sun Ke also complained in the article that in order to avoid disputes, the Chinese government pretended to be dumb even though it had good reasons. The Soviet Union has breached the treaty, but Chiang Kai-shek’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs still does not know how to take action, and is still “still scrupulously honoring all its obligations arising from the treaty”? Two years after the signing of the traitorous treaty—May 2, 1947 On the twelfth, Wang Shijie reported at the National Political Council, and said: "With regard to Sino-Soviet relations, the Chinese government has, in accordance with the resolutions of the Political Council, worked hard to strictly implement the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance in the past year." What kind of nonsense?It wasn't until 1949, after being fooled by the Soviet Union, that the "Statement of Severing Diplomatic Relations with the Soviet Union" was issued, and then a case against the Soviet Union was filed at the United Nations.In fact, the reason for controlling the Soviet Union was established as early as four years ago—1945—but why did it take so late in 1953 to announce the abandonment of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship?It turned out that on February 20, 1953, U.S. President Eisenhower asked Congress to pass the secret agreement to abolish World War II. Three days later, Taiwan abolished the agreement.On February 24, 1953, "Xinsheng Daily" carried: I have sufficient legal grounds to abolish the Sino-Soviet Treaty There is no need to discuss with other countries. Shim Chang-hwan responds to reporters' inquiries [News from our newspaper] Government spokesman Shen Changhuan categorically denied that my country's decision to abolish the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship had anything to do with the State of the Union address presented by US President Eisenhower to the US Congress on January 3rd when answering reporters' inquiries. .Shen emphasized that this is an act of sovereignty of our country, "This is our own business, it is purely the decision of the Chinese government", and there is no need to discuss it with the United States. However, Shao Yulin made it clear that after Eisenhower denied the Yalta secret treaty, he met with Chiang Kai-shek on the morning of February 25, and reported: "Our country raised the 'accusation of the Soviet Union' at the UN General Assembly. The General Assembly only decided that Soviet Russia did not abide by the " The Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance was not punished. In fact, Soviet Russia used the Yalta secret agreement between the United States, Russia, and Britain to force me to sign the Sino-Soviet Treaty, and by virtue of this agreement, occupied the Northeast, assisted the CCP, and caused our mainland to fall. In the past, I was worried U.S. relations have not taken action for a long time. Now that the U.S. president has publicly denied the Yalta secret treaty, I should immediately abolish the "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance" and inform people at home and abroad." After hearing this, Chiang Kai-shek said: "That's right, very Yes, please report to the Secretary-General immediately." So Shao Yulin immediately went to Wang Shijie's office and explained the process of "receiving the order".In this way, in the afternoon of that day, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kuomintang announced that the "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance" was officially abolished. (See Shao Yulin's "Diplomatic Representatives Sent to South Korea Die Without Disease", "Biographical Literature", Volume 31, Issue 6) Shao Yulin's disclosure explained why the Soviet Union broke the contract and broke its promise long ago, but Chiang Kai-shek didn't rescind the contract early, and why it was delayed until eight years later.Chiang Kai-shek abolished the "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance" in 1953, which was a fait accompli such as the independence of Outer Mongolia. To ease the embarrassment, it is naturally a happy thing to take advantage of this big publicity and special publicity.Unexpectedly, the good times didn't last long, and eight years later, Outer Mongolia was not enough to be independent, and it was about to join the United Nations.Chiang Kai-shek was taken aback? Because the Chiang regime still had the right of veto in the UN Security Council at this time, if Outer Mongolia joins the council and does not veto it, it is tantamount to admitting that the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance has not been abolished at all; if it vetoes it, the Soviet Union must also veto it Japan and many small countries in Africa have joined the association, and Chiang Kai-shek's island countries cannot resist the anger of small African countries and the United States.So, Chiang Kai-shek let the water go again? It dared not use the veto on the issue of membership of Outer Mongolia? It chose Chiang Kai-shek to preside over the fourth session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Kuomintang on November 12, 14, and 16, 1961. At the first plenary meeting and the sixth meeting of the Central Review Committee, he published "Implementing the Party's Mission of the Times and Revolutionary Tasks—Mobilization, Innovation, and Fighting." He secretly said that he "avoided the use of the veto" because he "had to follow At the request of the Allies", it had to suffer another "serious defeat and disgrace".He said that he "avoided the use of the veto" and "the impact on the morale of the domestic people is quite heavy".He also said: "In terms of the indirect purpose of preventing bandits from joining the association, we can be regarded as a victory in a roundabout battle." Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Shijie believed that the signing of the contract with the Soviet Union could restrict the Soviet Union. This is completely ignorant of modern diplomatic history.Because before the so-called "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance" was signed, the Soviet Union had at least 23 records of breach of contract and breach of trust. (See Li Ao's "Four Collections of Research on Chiang Kai-shek", pages 199-200) There are so many records of breach of contract and breach of trust, except for a few times that have yet to be formally verified after 1945, there are at least 18 or more of them. Before the so-called "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance" was signed, there was a record of breach of contract and breach of trust.Isn't it ignorant that a country with so many previous convictions still has a "friendly alliance" with him?What's more, after the July 7th Incident in 1937, the Kuomintang government signed a "Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Agreement" with the Soviet Union. Article 2 clearly stated: If one of the two Contracting States is invaded by one or more third countries, the other Contracting States agree that during the entire period of the conflict, they will not provide any assistance, directly or indirectly, to the third country, and will not take any action or conclude any agreement to the extent of the conflict. The aggressor State acts against the aggressed State Party. But in March 1941, Japanese Foreign Minister Yosuke Matsuoka visited the Soviet Union after his visit to Germany.The Deputy Foreign Minister of the Soviet Union told the Kuomintang ambassador to Russia on March 27: "Stalin's meeting with Matsuoka is purely a matter of courtesy." Sacrificing the interests of its allies for its own sake, the Soviet government treated Matsuoka as usual." However, the "Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Agreement" was announced on the third day—April 13.In 1941, the breach of the contract was like that, and Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Shijie actually signed a contract with it in 1945, so do you still believe it? Chiang Kai-shek asked Wang Shijie to remove the filth in 1945, and he asked Jiang Tingfu to rack his brains for him in 1949 to prosecute Su.This is just like the misguided treaty Chonghou signed with the Russians in 1879 (the fifth year of the Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty), which caused Zeng Jize to wipe his ass in 1881 (the seventh year of the Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty).The Chinese are really unlucky. When it comes to dealing with the Russians, they always encounter mediocre officials who misuse the country. Moreover, Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Shijie this time, I don’t know how much more serious it is than Chonghou’s loss of Yili. 180,000 square miles, Outer Mongolia, forty-four times larger than Taiwan? Jiang Tingfu, who was born as a diplomatic historian, commented in his article "Three Years' Struggle to Control the Soviet Union": Regarding the treaty and exchange of letters signed by China and the Soviet Union on August 14, 1945, I was surprised when I studied it carefully.This treaty is too similar to the alliance treaty between the Qing emperor and Russia fifty years ago. The treaty and the exchange of letters, taken as a whole, are extremely beneficial to Soviet Russia, and it can be said to be one-sided and unequal.If Soviet Russia strictly abides by this treaty and the exchange of letters, it will only benefit and not harm Soviet Russia.Any fair researcher cannot avoid this conclusion. Therefore, the conclusion is that the crimes of Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Shijie are higher than that of Chonghou.But even in the corrupt Qing government, when Chonghou demolished the filth, he had to pull out his feathers, be dismissed from his post and locked up, and sent to prison for his crimes; but what about Wang Shijie of the Kuomintang government?Because he was willing to take the blame and "break his wrist" for his master, under the escort of Chiang Kai-shek, his official career prospered all the way? He was elected not only as a shoulder to shoulder with the party (Central Propaganda Department, Youth League, Board of Supervisors, Central Training Group) politics (participating in the Political Council, Central Design Bureau) Military (Counselor Office) The heads or chiefs of staff of the seven agencies have important positions, and from the Minister of Foreign Affairs to the Secretary-General of the Presidential Office, the President of the Academia Sinica, and "the world admires the high-spirited" (this is published by the Kuomintang "Central Daily") Zheng Yan's words) and die? Choose Under the high-pressure political rule, there is no justice or right and wrong, but history must not deny justice and right and wrong, but Xu Zhuoyun, an "overseas scholar" who studies history, even said in "Remembering Mr. Wang Xueting": Under the helpless situation, China had no choice but to sign a new treaty between China and the Soviet Union.Knowing that this is a treaty that humiliates the country, no one is willing to undertake the task of signing it.But in that situation, the country had to sign this treaty.Xuegong endured the humiliation and resolutely went out as an envoy, not only doing hard work, but also bearing grievances for the country.In the affairs of the world, it is easy to bear the burden of hard work and difficult to bear the burden of complaints, and only by relying on the true qualities of a scholar with a clear conscience, can he swallow this unbearable inner pain.The painstaking efforts of the ministers of this country are beyond the comprehension of the bloody and arrogant people. ("Biographical Literature" Volume 39 Issue 4) Not only is it not straight, but it is necessary to leave a record of the flattery.Xu Zhuoyun talked about "the painstaking efforts of the minister of the country", did he think of this story?It is the story of the "warlords" taking back Outer Mongolia.In 1919, when Outer Mongolia was fighting for independence, the "warlord" Xu Shuzheng served as the director of the Northwest Frontier Defense Preparatory Office and decided to send troops into Mongolia. As the commander-in-chief of the Northwest Frontier Defense Army, he personally settled the matter. With one shot, the work of recovering Outer Mongolia was completed.His achievements have led to a public opinion.According to his son Xu Daolin in "Mr. Xu Shuzheng Collected Works and Chronicles": After the gentleman arrived in Beijing, in addition to reporting to the government, there was also a telegram reporting to Mr. Zhongshan in Shanghai (November 24), and Mr. Zhongshan also sent a telegram to congratulate him on his achievements (November 26), which included the following sentences : "Better calls, I know that Meng is introverted. There has been no Banchao Fu Jiezi in our country for a long time. The deacon built this miracle in ten days. It is unknown which one will heal the ancients. The country is hundreds of miles away from the sun. The dispute in Outer Mongolia has lasted for seven years. Once it is restored, the republic of the five races will be prosperous again. This is the one who should rejoice and encourage the whole country." Because Xu Shuzheng is not the Kuomintang, and some people in the Kuomintang hold the view of "not my race", he feels that this congratulatory message is too sure of others and is not happy.According to the "Chronicles of the Founding Fathers": "Mr. Zhongshan's congratulatory message also aroused protests from party members (Ling Yue). Mr. Zhongshan replied: 'Xu's recovery of Mongolia is more successful than that of Fu Jiezi and Chen Tang. The public opinion must be chosen.'" "Public opinion is indispensable? Election" This shows that true patriots share weal and woe with the country, and true party lovers are kind to others. This kind of justice and openness is really worth learning, worth reflecting on, and worthy of being an example.As far back as 1912, the Kuomintang knew the importance of Outer Mongolia. Dai Chuanxian presided over the Shanghai Minquan Daily. In the article "Mongolia Lost", he warned: "If it is still a dream, then Mongolia is not mine? Elect Mongolia to go, and the Republic of China will go with it? Election" shows that the Kuomintang knows that Outer Mongolia must not be lost.Outer Mongolia was taken back by the "warlords", but the Kuomintang was not as patriotic as the "warlords"; Outer Mongolia was lost by the Kuomintang, but the Kuomintang accused the "warlords" of betraying the country. Is there any more ridiculous "public opinion" than this? Xu Zhuoyun said: "Under the situation of the country, this agreement must be signed", which is also not true.Even Chiang Kai-shek said in "Soviet Russia in China": "The Republic of China has never participated in the Yalta Conference, and the US government has not consulted with our government at that time. It was advised by them in the United States, but it was our own considerations." The so-called "our own considerations" are basically his own considerations, considerations for the survival of his own regime, rather than considerations for the nation's century-old plan.He was afraid that he would offend the United States and Russia and lose his political power, and he was even more afraid that the Soviet Union would openly support the Chinese Communist Party to rob him of his country.We can see from his consideration that he wanted to buy Soviet Russia not to support the CCP with a high price from Mongolia, which is very obvious.In fact, Stalin originally looked down on the CCP. He didn’t think it was a genuine Communist Party, but “Margarine Communists.” Thinking that Mao Zedong would replace Chiang Kai-shek.In mid-August 1945, when Chiang sent three telegrams in a row, inviting Mao to Chongqing for negotiations, Yan'an received a telegram from Stalin at about the same time on August 22, urging Mao to go to Chongqing for peace talks.Chiang Kai-shek repeatedly said that the Soviet Union gave some of the Northeast Japan's military equipment to the CCP, but Mao Zedong thought that his Eighth Route Army and New Fourth Army could take over the Northeast from the Soviet Army? The result of the election was not the case at all.General Kravchenko, commander of the Sixth Tank Army of the Soviet Army, said to Zeng Kelin who arrived in Shenyang on September 6, 1945: "We have received a telegram from Moscow? I know you are indeed Mao Zedong and Zhu De's troops. It is China’s Eighth Route Army. However, our Soviet Union and the Chinese Nationalist Government have a treaty, stipulating that the Nationalist Government will take over the sovereignty of the Northeast.” The KMT and the CCP were defeated in the civil war. The Soviet ambassador and the KMT government followed him all the way to Guangzhou, while the American ambassador Leighton Stuart stayed in Nanjing and wanted to talk to the CCP.In contrast, the Soviet Union still has an advantage over the United States? What about the United States when Chiang Kai-shek was elected to scold "Soviet Russia as a country without faith"? Chiang Kai-shek's claim that Mao Zedong won the world was due to the Soviet Union's invasion of China is absolutely not true. He just shifted the responsibility for his own failure to the Soviet Union. It is only a pity that he sold Outer Mongolia, but he still could not save his regime in the mainland.For a long time, except for Li Ao, no one dared to point out that Chiang Kai-shek betrayed Outer Mongolia.However, Jiang admitted his guilt.On October 13, 1952, at the fourth meeting of the Seventh National Congress of the Chinese Kuomintang, he published the "Political Report to the Seventh National Congress" ("President Chiang Kai-shek's Thoughts and Speeches Collection", No. Twenty-five volumes), there was a secret conversation saying: "Although the decision to recognize the independence of Outer Mongolia was officially approved by the central government and unanimously approved, I am personally willing to take full responsibility for it." (Page 120) He also said that the signing It is "my personal decision", "my responsibility, and my guilt". (Page 121) Chiang Kai-shek clearly assigned the responsibility.Seven years after signing the contract, he himself admitted that the signing of the contract to abandon Outer Mongolia was "really a naive fantasy, and it is definitely not a way to seek the country." (Page 120) At the beginning of this "Political Report to the Seventh National Congress", Chiang Kai-shek stated that he "should blame himself for the Premier, the revolution, the country and the people".After mutual investigation and comparison of these documents, we will have a complete understanding of the signing of the "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance" after the victory of the War of Resistance; and we will have a further understanding of the "foresight" who claims to be the "savior of the nation".