Chapter 40 Chapter Eight: Before and After

Eat Longyun in the first quarter Mao Zedong ridiculed Chiang Kai-shek for squatting on the mountain waiting for the victory of the War of Resistance. When the victory came, he would go down the mountain to pick peaches—the fruit of victory. (See Volume Four of "Selected Works of Mao Zedong", pages 1070, 1074, 1075) The problem is not that he wants to pick peaches, but that he wants to keep the peaches grown on the entire peach tree alone. Picking, no one else is allowed to intervene. After Chiang Kai-shek moved his capital from Wuhan to Chongqing, he had been weak in the war of resistance and used his strength internally to eradicate local forces, including the Communist Party, so as to form a trinity personal dictatorship of one-party dictatorship, spy rule, and Baojia system.After the Pearl Harbor incident, knowing that the Americans would defeat Japan sooner or later, Jiang's mind became more closed to the outside world, and he was ready to pick all the peaches long ago.

The most concrete manifestation of this kind of thinking can be seen in "The Destiny of China" written by Tao Xisheng, published in March 1943.This book beautifies traditional culture by advocating nationalism, and then opposes "liberalism of individualism and communism of class struggle".Its essence is still to rob Taoism in order to strengthen its political system.Orthodoxy is the system of the succession of the Chinese holy way. Its formulas are Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, Wu, Duke Zhou, Confucius, and Mencius.Mencius first claimed to be orthodox, and more than 1,100 years later, Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty further developed this theory.He wrote "Original Dao", saying that "Yao passed on Shun, Shun passed on Yu, Yu passed on Tang, Tang passed on Wen, Wu, and Duke Zhou, and Wen, Wu, and Zhou passed on Confucius. Mencius, who was passed on by Confucius, could not be passed on after Ke's death."Between the lines, it seems to be self-reliant.Han Yu's orthodox theory was further elaborated in the time of Zhu Xi in the Song Dynasty. Zhu Xi said in "The Preface to the Doctrine of the Mean": "Since then, the sages and sages have inherited each other. If Tang, Wen, and Wu are kings, Gao Tao, Yi, Fu, Zhou, and Zhao were ministers, and they all took over the inheritance of their husband’s orthodoxy.” Here, Zhu Xi clearly said that the purpose is far, and he also intended to insert a foot in the orthodoxy.Although Ye Shi in the Southern Song Dynasty exposed Zhu Xi’s fabrication of orthodoxy, the fabricated orthodoxy was passed down in one continuous line. Things, exactly meet the requirements of the ruler.The orthodoxy that meets the requirements of the ruler can be divided into the aspects of people (sages) and the aspects of books (classics).Emperor Kangxi, the ruler of the Qing Dynasty, put it most clearly and frankly:

I am born a sage, to be a king and a teacher.The Taoism of all ages is the system of the Taoism of all ages.After Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, and Wu, there were Confucius, Zengzi, Zisi, and Mencius; after "Yi", "Poetry", "Li" and "Spring and Autumn", there were "University" ", "The Doctrine of the Mean", and "Mencius" books, like the light of the sun and the moon shining in the sky, and the stream of Yuedu standing on the ground, are they prosperous? Selections ("Donghualu" Kangxi Sixteen Years Record Kangxi's "Pro-system" "Preface to the Interpretation of the Four Books of Daily Lectures")

Emperor Kangxi said that Daotong is the "system" of governance, and he really did a big robbery for Daotong, which just shows why the ruler wants to rob Daotong. Chiang Kai-shek, of course, would not let go of the unification of Taoism, so he easily said that the "leader's revolutionary achievements" were "inheriting the revolutionary behest of the founding father, and his moral thoughts and political ideals were inherited from the founding father." Five thousand years of orthodoxy of the Chinese nation" (see Chapter 6 of Wang Sheng's "Leaders and the State"). In fact, Sun Yat-sen never said that his thoughts were inherited from the Chinese orthodoxy. (See Li Ao's "Six Collections of Research on Chiang Kai-shek", pages 82-94) Chiang Kai-shek just used Sun Yat-sen and Taoism to achieve his political goals.But the Communist Party did not let him go. Chen Boda and others wrote a booklet "Comment on "China's Destiny"", which was published by the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Branch of Xinhua Bookstore in 1945. At the beginning, they asked: "Why do you want to let your own How about handing over the work to the notorious Tao Xisheng who once participated in the traitor group in Nanjing and advocated fascism...?" Ridiculously sarcasm the Kuomintang, and started a propaganda war.

Since Chiang Kai-shek followed Yao, Shun, Wen, Wu, and Sun Yat-sen's orthodoxy, who else is qualified to compete with him for political unification?Of course, he can't tolerate the Communist Party in northern Shaanxi, nor can he tolerate any local forces or democrats. He wants to achieve personal unity and uniformity.It is not surprising that after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Long Yun in Yunnan was eaten by him and became "Lost Cloud Dragon". Before the Anti-Japanese War, Chiang Kai-shek's Nanjing Central Committee could not control the autonomous Southwest of the local powerful factions, such as Pan Wenhua, Liu Wenhui, Deng Xihou in Sichuan, and Long Yun in Yunnan.After the Anti-Japanese War, Jiang used Chongqing as his accompanying capital, and the Central Army entered Sichuan. The situation was naturally very different.However, although Long Yun respected Qing as the center, Yunnan, which was twice the size of France, was still under Long Yun's direct control due to its special geographical, cultural, and even ethnic background.After the Japanese army captured Wuhan and Guangzhou in 1938, the status of Yunnan became more and more important. Kunming, at one end of the Yunnan-Burma Highway, is an indispensable window to the outside world.Kunming is also the site of the Southwest Associated University, which gathers the country's first-class scholars.After the Pearl Harbor incident, Kunming became the base where the U.S. military stationed, as well as the foothold after flying over the hump.Regardless of military aid, economic and trade, all enter and exit here.

The importance of Yunnan, of course, prompted Chiang Kai-shek to try to put his rope around Long Yun's neck.Jiang took Long Yun as the chairman of the committee and director of the Yunnan and Guizhou camp, and gradually transferred the Central Army to Yunnan. By the middle of 1943, Jiang's army in Yunnan was four times that of the Yunnan army.Chiang also sent spies into Yunnan, because Kunming had become a center of liberal intellectuals during the war, and was treated and protected by Long Yun.Although Long Yun wanted to drive the spies out of Yunnan, he was unsuccessful.In fact, in order to strengthen the dictatorship in the later period of the Anti-Japanese War, Jiang's political persecution became more and more intense under the arrangement of secret agents.On the surface, the targets of the spy attacks are the Communist Party and democrats, but in fact they include all local power factions, and Long Yun is obviously the largest local power faction.

The local power faction and democrats saw that Chiang Kai-shek was not at home and outside, and took advantage of the war of resistance to eat up dissidents, so they planned to oppose Chiang in the spring of 1943. However, a year later, the Japanese army suddenly launched the "No. 1 Offensive". By September 1944, the fighting in Henan, Hunan and Guangxi was extremely fierce, and the Japanese army was about to invade Sichuan and Yunnan.Chiang Kai-shek refused to take out the direct-line army with American equipment to fight, causing a big defeat? The election exposed the incompetence of the central government, and also greatly damaged the reputation of Chairman Chiang at home and abroad. Liberal democrats especially lost confidence in Chiang.Just as the No. 1 Offensive was coming to an end, Li Jishen, Long Yun, Zhang Fakui, Yu Hanmou and others from the local power faction planned to organize an autonomous and democratic regime in Guangdong and Guangxi.At the same time, democrats in Kunming, such as Luo Longji, Zhang Junmai, Zuo Shunsheng, Shen Junru, Zhang Bojun, etc., although not directly involved, all agreed with it, at least after the collapse of the Chiang regime in Chongqing, they were replaced.They want to convene a National Assembly, including representatives of all parties and factions, to form a national defense government.Although this anti-Chiang movement failed to be implemented, the relationship between Chiang Kai-shek and Long Yun deteriorated day by day.It was not until January 1945 that the relationship between Chongqing and Kunming improved.Chiang Kai-shek allowed the American Concession to equip the three divisions of the Yunnan Army, while Long Yun allowed Chiang Kai-shek's secret agents to increase their space for activities and restrict the actions of the Democratic League.However, for Chiang, this was only an expedient measure. He had already decided to eliminate the Communist Party and all semi-independent local governments after the war.From April 1945, when Chiang Kai-shek recalled Du Yuming from Kunming to Chongqing to give secret instructions, and in May, he secretly appointed Li Zonghuang as the chairman of Yunnan, we can see that before the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Long Yun was ready to be driven out.Japan's sudden surrender on August 9 delayed the planned plot.On August 15, Japan officially announced its unconditional surrender. Chiang Kai-shek ordered Lu Han to lead three armies from Yunnan to Vietnam to accept the surrender in order to divert the tiger away from the mountain.In order to further weaken the troops protecting Long Yun, Jiang and the Americans encouraged another army to enter Vietnam, so Long Shengwu's "Long Family Soldiers" also followed Lu Han to Vietnam.Only Long Shengzu's division, a gendarmerie regiment and the guard brigade remained beside Long Yun.Yi Laoyi said that Long Yun knew that he was powerless to resist orders, "so he asked Chongqing to send his four divisions, under the command of his trusted assistant Lu Han, to Indochina to accept the Japanese surrender" ("Chiang Kai-shek and Chiang Ching-kuo- —Seeds of Destruction", p. 29), is not true.If Long Yun really resigned himself to fate, at dawn on September 30th, Du Yuming suddenly confronted each other with troops, so why climb Wuhua Mountain to wait for help and refuse to go down the mountain?In hindsight, it is clear that Long Yun was negligent, and he was not even alert to the martial law in Kunming in August, and eventually became a victim of Chiang Kai-shek's manipulation.

After Chiang Kai-shek took control of Sichuan and Guizhou provinces during the war, he worked hard in Yunnan and went to Kunming in person. According to Chen Bulei, "Mr. Long Yun was "fully responsible" for the construction of Southwest National Defense. (See "Chen Bulei's Memoirs") However, Long Yun was "easy" and Chiang Kai-shek was not "easy". Long Yun was caught off guard, and he used his weapons to force him. He had no choice but to board the plane in Kunming on the afternoon of October 4th. Fei Yu, accepted the empty title that Chiang Kai-shek forced him to accept: "President of the Military Council of the Military Council".Chiang Kai-shek ate Long Yun in one bite, but the appearance of the food was ugly after all, and hundreds of people died, so he accused Du Yuming, who had been ordered to act, of using force without authorization, and dismissed Du Kunming as the commander of the garrison.But using a scapegoat to cover up one's shame cannot deceive the discerning.Long Yun himself was even more clear after the incident, and realized that freezing three feet was not a one-time cold. He once wrote an article "My Memories Before and After the Anti-Japanese War", which was published in "Selected Literature and History Materials" published in 1961. "The seventeenth volume, which said:

Before the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Chiang Kai-shek's conspiracy against me was gradually exposed.I remember one time when a major of the U.S. military was shot in the left arm by a dark gun as he passed the crossroads outside Xiaoximen in Kunming in a jeep.The driver immediately stopped for ambulance. The military police patrolling nearby heard gunshots and arrived at the same time, but the murderer was nowhere to be found. He was about to send the injured US officer to the Yunnan Provincial Hospital. He refused to be hospitalized and wanted to go back to the US military barracks. Take him to a US military hospital.The operation was performed on the same day, the warhead was taken out, and detailed inspection was carried out. After the inspection by the US military, it was believed that this bullet was not owned by the Yunnan military and police, but was a German-made bullet used by secret agents.

Obviously, Chiang Kai-shek wanted to create conflicts between the U.S. military and Long Yun, and he did not hesitate to resort to despicable assassinations. The wounded U.S. soldiers did not want to go to the provincial hospital, which is already evident.If this kind of assassination was not ordered by Lao Jiang, who would believe it?After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Jiang ordered Du Yuming to take Long Yun to fly to Chongqing, which was a matter of course.Long Yun became another Zhang Xueliang. Fortunately, with the help of Chennault, he escaped from the tiger's palm, fled to Hong Kong, and finally joined the communist party.

Chiang Kai-shek used all means for his goals, regardless of the cost, but the cost was not small.From the perspective of Jiang's long-term interests, the gains outweigh the losses.He seized the territory of Yunnan, but lost the hearts of the people in Yunnan, and finally the whole province rebelled against the Communist Party.He sent Yunnan's elite troops to the Northeast to fight the civil war. In March 1946, the resentful Yunnan officers and soldiers, all (should be a part, that is, the 84th Division of Pan Shuodan's 1st Division, were killed in the sea in March 1946) City Uprising.——Editor) defected to the Communist Party.Isn't Chiang Kai-shek's scheming in Yunnan helping the Communist Party and tearing him down? Jiang's muzzle turned inward, and finally hit his own foot. Although he deserved it, it also harmed the interests of the entire country.When the Chinese Expeditionary Force went to Burma, Britain had some scruples.Unexpectedly, as soon as the war of resistance was over, Jiang could not wait to transfer all the troops outside the country back to fight the civil war. He would rather snatch Yunnan from Longyun than send it to Vietnam.When President Roosevelt of the United States held the Cairo Conference, he wanted to give China the Indochina Peninsula (that is, the Indochina Peninsula.—Editor), but Chiang Kai-shek said that he would not want it "under any circumstances" (under no circumstances). (See Tuchman, Stilwell and American Experience in China, p. 525)... In the final analysis, it is still an old saying, that is, this man is an expert in fighting internally and an amateur externally, and his vision has always been inward, not outward.If he wanted the Indochina Peninsula, he would have to send troops there and put part of his energy there, so that he would not be able to concentrate on fighting the civil war. France has close military ties, and it may greatly expand Longyun's territory and influence. Is it what Jiang wants?Therefore, he does not want the Indochina Peninsula, and he also opposes Roosevelt's proposal that the United States, the Soviet Union, and China manage North Korea, and he does not want to station troops in Japan.In short, his energy must never be "external".Later, in order to fight the civil war, even Japan's indemnity was not required, and even the "devil" could be friends (Wang Shijie signed a traitorous Sino-Soviet friendship treaty). If Chiang Kai-shek can truly unite, don't use tricks, don't do small tricks, show sincerity, and organize a coalition government, then China will be able to unite with the outside world and win the interests of the country and the nation. ...