Chapter 16 The fourth quarter Zhongshan ship waves in the universe

At the Second National Congress of the Kuomintang, Chiang Kai-shek took the lead and greatly increased his power, but he was not complacent, because he did not think of others.Because he doesn't think second person, the momentary success stimulates his ambition and ambition to go to the next level.Looking at the power structure at that time, the right wing of the Kuomintang, including the Xishan Conference faction, was at a disadvantage, and some of them had personal friendships with Chiang, so they would not pose any threat to him.And the leftists of the Kuomintang, especially Wang Jingwei, are very popular. They have foreign aid and party and government qualifications that are not comparable to Chiang Kai-shek. If they want to rise to the next level, they must seize power from Wang.As for the CCP, it has both organization and talent and the support of the Russian Communist Party, so it is definitely not under Jiang's control.Even in the military, he is only the director of the National Revolutionary Army, and there are military minister Tan Yankai and Ji Shanjia who controls the Russian aid materials, so he can never act arbitrarily.His dissatisfaction with this "status quo" has long been revealed. The Russians later recalled that they were particularly impressed by Chiang Kai-shek's "pursuit of dictatorship, capriciousness, and great suspicion" at that time. (See Cherepanov's "Northern Expedition of the Chinese National Revolutionary Army", pp. 366-367) In order to break through the "status quo of being controlled by others", although Jiang and Wang had a hot fight with Wang on the surface, they were extremely affectionate, but in speech It is very "Left" leaning on the outside. In fact, it has long regarded Wang Jingwei, Ji Shanjia and the Communist Party as imaginary enemies, forming the illusion of being persecuted and waiting for opportunities to launch.The only surprising thing is that it starts so fast.On March 20, 1926, the shocking "Zhongshan Ship Incident", or "Guangzhou Incident" occurred.As a result of the incident, Wang Jingwei left the country sadly, and the power of the Communist Party was greatly weakened!

This simple event of seizing power has turned into an intricate historical mystery. In addition to Chiang Kai-shek's own suspicions, Stalin's wishful thinking, and Wang Jingwei's unspeakable sufferings, resulting in divergent opinions and incongruity, causing historians to desperately guess the riddle.In fact, the historical materials that have been published are enough to explain the mystery of this case. Let's take a look at Chiang Kai-shek's report to the Military Commission of the Nationalist Government after the incident, and see how he explained: for reporting.On the 18th day of this (3) month, a Zhongshan ship under the jurisdiction of the Navy Bureau suddenly arrived at the Central Military and Political School in Huangpu, and declared to Deng Yanda, the dean of education, that the ship was dispatched under the order of the headmaster, and was here to wait.At that time, the headmaster was in the province on business, and he was very surprised when he got this report.Because there was no order to transfer the ship in advance, and there was no miscommunication in the middle, and the ship was exposed to fire, and stayed in front of the school all day and night.And on the evening of the 19th, they drove back to the provincial capital in the middle of the night and started the fire for no reason.For the sake of the party and the country, Zhongzheng had to implement swift measures to prevent any disturbances. On the one hand, he ordered Ouyang Ge, the vice principal of the Naval Academy, to take charge of the fleet affairs temporarily, and detained the acting director Li Zhilong for strict interrogation; on the other hand, he sent troops near Guangzhou. , emergency martial law, in case of accidents.Fortunately, thanks to the prestige of the government, it is still called Andu.However, this matter started in a hurry, and the handling was very extreme. I didn't report it in time beforehand. I dare not resign for the crime of arbitrariness. But in the middle of the night, it is fleeting. Immediate execution is really a last resort. You should ask yourself to be punished severely as a punishment. And discipline.I would like to submit this incident and the reasons for my request for punishment to the petition for review.With honor to the Military Council.Chiang Kai-shek.March 23, 15th year of the Republic of China. (See "Preliminary Draft of Chiang Kai-shek's Chronicle", page 550; see also "The Zhongshan Ship Incident" compiled by the Guangdong Provincial Archives)

This report was written three days after the incident, not far from the incident, and can be regarded as the most basic historical material of the first party.We can expand on this. The report accused Li Zhilong of mobilizing the Zhongshan warship, and it was suspected of causing an accident, so he took drastic measures.However, Li Zhilong denied that he was correcting his fate (see "Li Zhilong's Two Reports on the Zhongshan Ship Case", "Historical Materials of Huangpu Military Academy", pages 355-360), and it has been confirmed by archives.Kong Qingrui, director of the office of Chiang Kai-shek, the principal of Whampoa Military Academy, was hijacked by an overseas ship at 6:30 p.m. on March 18, so he called the provincial office to send a ship for protection.The provincial office was answered by Wang Xuechen, a member of the transportation unit, and reported to Ouyang Zhong, the chief of the transportation section of the military academy and the director of the provincial office.Director Ouyang went to the Navy Bureau to negotiate in person. Because Li Zhilong was out on behalf of the director, Zou Yi from the Operations Section agreed to send a ship to Huangpu to wait for the order. trade everything".After Li Zhilong learned about it, he immediately decided to send two ships, Zhongshan and Baobi, to go there.At around ten o'clock at that time, Ji Fang, Secretary of the Principal's Office of the Huangpu Military Academy, received a call from Ouyang Zhong, saying that a ship would arrive at twelve o'clock to protect the merchant ship.The next morning when the warship was exported, Section Chief Zou Yi of the Naval Bureau asked Ouyang Zhong to reissue the official letter for ship transfer, and Ouyang Zhong immediately complied. The official letter still exists, which said:

I immediately received a phone call from a member of the Li team: "According to the order of the head of education, I will be transferred to the order of the principal, and I will immediately notify the Navy Bureau to quickly send two warships to Huangpu to wait for dispatch. For this reason, I will notify your bureau to quickly send two warships for the purpose." . (Ouyang Zhong, Chief of Communications of the Office, Letter to the Navy Bureau, original copy, quoted from Yang Tianshi's "Searching for the Mystery of History", page 438) The report made by Li Zhilong's wife on March 30, 1926, which is now in the Second Archives in Nanjing, also said that someone personally told her that under the order of President Jiang, there was an urgent need to send a ship to Huangpu to wait for dispatch.

From the archives cited above, it can be seen that Li Zhilong never changed his life, and the speed of the dispatch of the ship was clear, and there was a reason for the transfer of the ship, in order to protect the merchant ships.The so-called unauthorized deployment of ships for the purpose of accidents is groundless.Moreover, after the Zhongshan ship arrived at Huangpu at 9 am on the 19th, Acting Captain Zhang Chentong went to the military academy to report, presented Li Zhilong's order from Acting Director Li, and asked for instructions on tasks.According to Adjutant Huang, he reported to Deng Yanda, the dean of education of the military academy, that Deng did not know about the transfer of the ship, but please inform the captain to wait for orders.

At this time, the Soviet mission was investigating in Guangzhou and requested to visit the Zhongshan ship. Li Zhilong asked Chiang Kai-shek to transfer the Zhongshan ship back by phone.Therefore, there was also a reason for the Zhongshan ship to be transferred back. Since the Zhongshan ship had been instructed to "stand by for orders", it should be transferred back after asking for permission. However, Chiang Kai-shek felt suspicious. Yang Tianshi, a researcher at the Institute of Modern History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, studied this tortuous process and believed that Li Zhilong did not "rectify his fate", "the so-called theory that Chiang Kai-shek ordered the transfer of the ship and falsely accused Li Zhilong of correcting his order cannot be established", "it was Ouyang who corrected Chiang Kai-shek's order bell". (Yang Tianshi's "Searching for the Mystery of History", p. 439) Yang further pointed out Ouyang Zhong's background. In May 1925, he served as the acting supply chain captain of the military academy, and then he was transferred to be a major instructor, and then he was transferred to the transportation department of the military academy. The governor and director of the Provincial Office, the backbone of the rightist "Sun Wen Doctrine Society", and the nephew of Ouyang Ge, the vice president of the Naval Academy.In other words, Ouyang Zhong's "rectification" revealed the conspiracy of the right wing of the Kuomintang, or in Yang's words, it was "a trick of the Xishan Conference faction and the Guangzhou Sun Wenism Society"! (same book, page 446)

But Yang didn't notice that the order to transfer the ship originally came from Director Kong Qingrui of Chiang Kai-shek's office.In order to protect the merchant ship's transfer, Director Kong has no reason not to report to his immediate superior?It is unbelievable not to report in advance; even if Jiang asked about it afterwards and reported it, it would be enough to clear up doubts.It is true that rightists including Uncle Ouyang, the Xishan Conference School and the Sun Wenism School have made troubles by making excuses, such as spreading rumors, trying to "dismantle the situation in Guangzhou" and "wanting to separate the Communist Party from Chiang Kai-shek", but If Chiang Kai-shek did not protect the rightists because of his personal ambitions, and made an impartial investigation, the procedure and personnel of the ship transfer would be clear upon questioning, so why would Ouyang Zhong "correct his fate"? The "trick" will be exposed.If Ouyang Zhong really "corrected his fate", could it be that Chiang Kai-shek has always been kept in the dark, otherwise why would there be no trace at all?In fact, for Chiang Kai-shek to seize power, ideology was not the main consideration, so he always insisted that it was a conspiracy between the establishment Wang Jingwei and Russian advisers.Even though there was a misunderstanding on March 18th and 19th due to the rumours, and Chiang Kai-shek took decisive measures on March 20th, one month later, the misunderstandings and rumors should be cleared up. On the 20th, he publicly declared that this matter was "too bizarre and complicated", and he deliberately made a fuss, so that this happened.In fact, the so-called "bizarre" and "complicated" are nothing more than insisting on the conspiracy of the leftists to do him, blatantly insinuating that Wang Jingwei conspired with the Russian adviser Kisanka and instructed Li Zhilong to hijack Chiang Kai-shek with the Zhongshan ship and send him to Vladivostok.In fact, at the end of January of that year, Chiang studied military politics in the north with Ji Shanjia, and said: "If Yu finds a revolutionary base in the north, he will achieve ten times more achievements than this." (China's No. The First Draft of the Chronicle of Chiang Kai-shek in the Second Archives, page 533) shows that he had his own intention to go north, but he was falsely accused of being a conspiracy by Wang and Ji.

Chiang Kai-shek has a self-record, which is quite interesting: "Hate the Communist Party's framing, and decided to go to Shantou to avoid disaster. Halfway through the journey at 5 o'clock in the afternoon, I thought about why I was showing weakness to others? I still returned to Dongshan, vowing to sacrifice everything personally to save the party and the country. "But later revised the original text, felt it was inappropriate, and deleted this paragraph. (See page 547 of "The First Draft of Chiang Kai-shek's Chronicle" of the Second Historical Archives of China.) What's more interesting is that Chen Lifu also mentioned this matter in his memoirs, but the plot of the story is completely different.Jiang said that he decided to go to Shantou to avoid disaster, but Chen even said bluntly that Wang Jingwei and Russian advisers forced Jiang to take a boat to Vladivostok. On the way, Chen persuaded him, rather than Jiang himself "thinking hard", so he "decided to stay and do it", and Claiming to be "historical advice before the Northern Expedition", he even added superfluous words: "No one knows about this matter except Mr. Jiang and me." (Chen Lifu's "Success or Failure", p. 1. 52) Does no third person know?No! Chen Zhaoying, who was in charge of the Humen Fortress at the time, said:

Principal Jiang immediately invited several people including Yu to take two cars and go to the berth of Lushan Maru.When the car arrived near the East Asia Hotel in Changdi, Principal Jiang thought about it and finally gave up. The consequences were extremely difficult to grasp. He urgently ordered the original car to drive back to the Dongshan mansion for re-discussion. Finally, he adopted my suggestion and deployed a counterattack. (Chen Zhaoying's "Self-Report at Eighty Years", page 67) Yet another storyline.Is it Jiang himself's "violent thinking" to turn back halfway?Or what about the "historic proposal" that Chen made on the way?Or should he accept Chen Zhaoying's suggestion after returning to Dongshan?Words vary from person to person.Not only that, but even whether to take a car, a boat, or a sedan chair, each has its own "good".This kind of "Rashomon" situation can only happen when the story is made up indiscriminately.Apparently Jiang Xian said this as an excuse for his "counterattack", while the two Chens attached themselves to each other and showed their merits.If, as they said, Wang and Ji Shanjia's conspiracy had reached the point of forcing Jiang to leave, why did they have no precautions against Jiang's "counterattack" and waited to be caught?Chiang Kai-shek himself deleted this "excuse" later, obviously knowing that he could not justify himself.However, there are still people who use discarded chicken feathers as arrows.

Let's look again at Chiang Kai-shek's declaration shortly after the Zhongshan ship incident.He emphasized in his speech to the fourth class of students four days after the incident: "If (Li Zhilong) is guilty, it is only his own problem, and it cannot be involved in the group." " published the article "Martial Law on March 20", and said: "Soviet Russia has become the center of the world revolution, and the Chinese national revolution is also a part of the world revolution", and said that Dongshan was alerted that "there are Russian defense consultants coming in and out. There are also those who are deeply disturbed”; less than a month after the incident, he reiterated in his speech to all party representatives: “In the past two years, my love for the comrades of the Communist Party is self-evident. Not only is communism not against it, but it is very much in favor of it." ("Zhongshan Ship Incident", pp. 225-232) However, his historical conclusion after the event has passed is: "Li Zhilong (formerly a member of the Communist Party) , The day before yesterday, the Zhongshan ship was ordered to sail directly from Guangzhou to Huangpu, in an attempt to harm the public by force and hinder the progress of the revolution. Xuan Gong discovered the conspiracy, declared martial law in Guangzhou, and arrested Li Nizhilong and the Communists who were hiding in the army. The provincial and Hong Kong strike committees controlled by the party disarmed and recaptured the Zhongshan ship, and the incident was settled.” (The First Draft of President Chiang Kai-shek’s First Draft, Vol. 1, p. 117)

The two confront each other, one is pro-communist and the other is anti-communist, which are completely contradictory. It can be seen that his words only represent temporary political motives and are not the truth.In comparison, the closer to the time when the event occurs, the more reliable it is.However, his pro-communist remarks were obviously not his ideas, which just showed that he still needed the cooperation and support of the CCP, especially the Russian Communist Party.His goal is to seize more power, not to fall out with the Communist Party.The Russian advisers were unwilling to turn against Chiang even under Stalin's order, so they made Jiang's trick come true. In short, Jiang accused Wang of murdering him, which is neither fair nor consistent with historical facts.After half a year, Jiang still cunningly said to Chen Gongbo: "Mr. Wang is going to murder me, don't you know? Mr. Wang is the chairman of the national government and the chairman of the military committee. He is not satisfied with me. Let me be dismissed. It’s fine to kill me, you shouldn’t use plots to kill me!” In addition to spitting blood, biting people, but also making sarcastic remarks, this is another manifestation of the character of "Ruiyuan scoundrel".Chen Gongbo should go back to him. Mr. Wang can remove you from office or even kill you, so why bother to make any conspiracy, not to mention that he was still ill at that time, and it was not the right time to make a conspiracy.If today's people are mistaken by "hindsight" and look at this matter with the colored eyes of Jiang and Wang's struggle in the future, they will not be suspicious of Wang Xiang's accusation of interfering with Jiang.In fact, from the death of Sun Yat-sen in March 1925 to the incident of the Zhongshan ship a year later, this was the period when Wang and Jiang were most intimate. Jiang deliberately flattered him, and Wang regarded him as his confidant, and even condoned and shielded him. Dedicated to supporting Chiang.In 1928, Chen Gongbo refuted the lingering "theory of Wang harming Jiang", which was very powerful and completely consistent with historical facts: 1. Before March 20, no one could match Wang and Jiang's personal friendship.Although the reunification of Guangdong is the strength of the party, in the two battles of Dongjiang, the strength of Huangpu was the most.At that time, Wang wanted to go to Jiang, which was tantamount to committing suicide.The country wishes not to do it, but the sages do it. 2. After March 16th, Wang became ill and couldn't be with him. After returning home from the government on the eighteenth night, he was bedridden.At that time, the Shujing in Guangzhou was in turmoil, the talents withered, and there was no time to introduce talented people from all over the world, so there was no reason to go to Chiang Kai-shek. 3. The tonnage of the Zhongshan ship is not large, and sea travel is even more difficult. Moreover, there are many Beiyang warships in the north of the China Sea. After the Zhongshan ship captured Chiang, it can be said that it can be sent directly to Vladivostok. 4. On the afternoon of March 18, when the Military Commission met, Wang proposed to replace Captain Li Zhilong of Zhongshan and replace him with Pan Wenzhi.Minutes of the meeting are available.That is to say, Tan Zu'an (Yanmin) also discussed with him, so he can ask each other.Although there was no agreement, everyone believed that Li Zhilong was Jiang's favorite student. Li Zhilong was recommended by Jiang as the captain of Zhongshan. 5. After March 20, the Communist Party still tried its best to support Chiang.In early April, the Russian embassy in Beijing held a conference on the issue of Chiang. Chiang's advisor, Cherepanov Stepanoff, made a speech: No matter what kind of person Chiang is, it must be used to complete the national revolution.It is reported that Zhang Zuolin found the documents of the Russian embassy (namely "Compilation of Documents and Evidence of Soviet Conspiracy"), which can now be purchased at Kelly and Walsh, a British bookstore on Nanjing Road in Shanghai.I am by no means still saying (talking) for the Communist Party today, but it proves that Wang is even more useless. Besides, Chiang Kai-shek visited Wang's mansion on the night when the incident happened, and left a diary: "In the evening, when I visited Wang Bing, I saw that his anger was still lingering." : "In the evening, I visited brother Ji Xin when he was sick, and saw that he was very angry, impulsive, and arrogant. I sighed and said that the political power is bad. As for this extreme, there is no faith at all." (Edited by the Second Historical Archives of China "The First Draft of Chiang Kai-shek's Chronicle", page 548) left a powerful circumstantial evidence. Just imagine a person who conspires to harm others, even if the victim does not show embarrassment when he comes to see him, how can he be "furious" and "invincible"?The next sentence is even more interesting. It is no different from Jiang's self-admission that he can not speak morally because of "the bad political power".Isn't the reason why Wang was "so angry and impulsive" that Jiang Zhi didn't speak morally?However, it is still difficult for people to fully understand why, since Wang was justified, why did he avoid it, and finally left the country sadly?The Russians knew that "the March 20 incident was a small semi-riot against Russian advisers and Chinese party representatives" (Cherepanov, "The Northern Expedition of the Chinese National Revolutionary Army", p. 373), why did they even put down the "semi-riot"? "Do you have any will?Since Jiang asked for strict punishment in his submission, why not use his plan to make a statement against Jiang's arbitrarily imposed martial law throughout the city on March 20, arresting people arbitrarily, confiscating firearms from the workers' pickets, and monitoring Soviet Russian advisers and the chairman of the government, etc. sanction?Although Chiang had an army, only the First Army was under his direct control. The Second Army Commander Tan Yankai, the Third Army Commander Zhu Peide, the Fourth Army Commander Li Jishen, Deng Yanda, the dean of education at the Whampoa Military Academy, and Song Ziwen, who had not yet become a brother-in-law , were dissatisfied with Jiang's "counter-revolutionary" behavior and proposed "severe anti-Chiang laws".Zhou Enlai, director of the Political Department of the Whampoa Military Academy, also saw that "at this time, Tan Yankai, Cheng Qian, and Li Jishen were all dissatisfied with Chiang" and "all the armies wanted to fight against Chiang Kai-shek." ("Selected Works of Zhou Enlai", Volume 1, page 120) Under such circumstances, Wang Jingwei, as the chairman of the state government and the chairman of the Military Commission, should contact the various armies and impose military sanctions on Jiang.In fact, after the Wang Yu incident, under the agitation of the crowd, he did take action.Chen Gongbo remembered Wang Jingwei saying: "I am the chairman of the state government and the chairman of the military committee. Jieshi did not notify me in advance of this behavior. Isn't this a rebellion?" Mao Dun recalled that Wang once said at that time: "The second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth armies unite and fight me against this counter-revolutionary Chiang Kai-shek who has not signed by the party representative, is good at mobilizing troops, and acts freely." "The Road", p. 307) Mao Zedong also went to Chen Yannian and Ji Shanjia, advocating toughness, thinking that Chiang Kai-shek was speculating, and if he showed weakness, he would make progress. (See Mao Dun's "Before and After the Zhongshan Ship Incident", published in "New Literature and Historical Materials", No. 3, 1980) The reason why the "anti-Chiang alliance" that sanctioned Chiang Kai-shek was so quickly aborted is that the key lies in Soviet Russia.After the outbreak of the March 20th Incident, Soviet Russia and the Third International were quite surprised and puzzled. What puzzled them most was how the "leftist general" Chiang Kai-shek would act against the Communist Party and the Soviet Union by the rightists?The most specific division of the so-called leftists and rightists is that when the Kuomintang was reorganized in 1924, those who favored alliance with Russia and the Communist Party were leftists, while those who opposed it were rightists. In the eyes of the Russians, Chiang Kai-shek was always a leftist, and they were greatly surprised That's it.However, after initial contact with Chiang, he believed that Jiang's "resolute measures" were not truly anti-communist and anti-Soviet, but rather unhappiness in personnel affairs, as well as his vanity and power madness. Li Zhilong was released, and Ouyang Ge, Wu Tiecheng and others were arrested, which was a sigh of relief.In order to continue the general policy of Kuomintang-Communist cooperation and maintaining the anti-imperialist united front, it was decided to meet Chiang Kai-shek's request as much as possible, replacing Ji Shanjia and so on.This is what Chen Gongbo pointed out. After the incident, Cherepanov, the Soviet Russian military adviser, the "historical adviser" called by Chiang Kai-shek, still said that no matter what kind of person Chiang was, he must be used to complete the national revolution.However, this policy of compromising with Chiang was not accidental, nor was it decided by Cherepanov or Bubnov, the Soviet Russian military advisers in Guangzhou, but Stalin's established policy. He insisted that the CCP was not yet capable of completing the revolution alone. Therefore, it is necessary to unite with the Kuomintang to complete the bourgeois national revolution first. (See Brabdt, Stalin's Failure in China) Trotsky did not agree with this proposition, but instead prompted Stalin to persist, and Chiang Kai-shek became the beneficiary of Stalin's wrong policies. Due to the decision to compromise with Chiang, Soviet Russia and the Third International of course opposed the "anti-Chiang alliance", thinking that it would cause the "disastrous consequences" of the breakup of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.So let "Chiang Kai-shek attack the rightists and leftists in turn, so as to concentrate more and more power in his own hands." (Cherepanov's "Northern Expedition of the Chinese National Revolutionary Army", p. 393) Although some people in the CCP have determined that Chiang Kai-shek is a counter-revolutionary rightist at all, advocating a split and anti-Chiang, but after the incident, Chiang has achieved his goal and launched a vigorous and vigorous counter-revolution. Rightist actions, coupled with the strong influence of the Third International, had no choice but to continue to cooperate with Chiang.Under such circumstances, Wang Jingwei became a bachelor chairman. If he did not leave in anger, wouldn't he become Chiang Kai-shek's puppet chairman?In Jiang Yu's letter to Zhang Jingjiang, he also made sarcastic remarks: Mr. Jingjiang’s Great Lesson: After reading Mr. Jingwei’s letter to his brother, he is unwilling to come back, which is very frightening. Now that the matter has come to this point, the younger brother can only rest and recuperate to repay the agreement of advancing and retreating together. Please try to urge him to come out to do things , to reassure people's hearts, otherwise I will ask my brother to come out, that is, the Republic of China Daily newsletter.Brother Zhongzheng nodded. (Photocopy of the original from the Second Historical Archives of China) He still needs to "advance and retreat together"! This letter mainly invites his old partner to come out of the mountain.Of course Wang Jingwei would not let Chiang Kai-shek be at his mercy. In that case, it would be the best policy to leave.Wang's wife, Chen Bijun, even scolded Jiang in a letter. Jiang replied to Wang's letter on April 9th. He said: "If the revolutionary cause is to be accomplished, the younger brother must not be separated from the elder brother, and the older brother must not be separated from the younger brother." He also said, "The younger brother is confident that no matter how long the distance between him and his brother is, there will be no difference in spirit." Even more hypocritically said: "If it is beneficial to the party and the country, it is beneficial to your ailments, you can cut your neck and apologize." Leaving the province for Hong Kong, he took a boat to Marseille, France on May 11, which was like exile.When I was in Hong Kong, I once wrote a miscellaneous poem, which clearly shows her resentment: Be brave in dealing with affairs, and be honest in your life. It has been a week to blame yourself, and there is no doubt about the responsibility. There are no big fish in clear water, this statement is sincere Zhan Zhan. Mosquitoes and gnats gather in the dirt, and snakes and scorpions dive in the dark. It's a pity that the city is lenient, just for the sake of the crowd. The candle is so bright, the law is so strict. If you do good, you must achieve it, if you do evil, you must destroy it. The origin of madness and profanity, the two virtues often go hand in hand. (Wang Jingwei's "Shuangzhaolou Poetry Draft", page 59) Wang Jingwei was undoubtedly the biggest victim of the Zhongshan Ship Incident. He was sacrificed by Chiang Kai-shek's ambitions and the policies of the Russian Communist Party.However, history has a good eye, after all, Wang has a clear conscience about this matter, and he has already blamed himself and others.He finally deeply realized the filth of politics, the gathering of "gnats" in the filth, and the "snakes and scorpions" lurking around him, unfortunately he was poisoned by them.He complained that the Russian Communist Party had offered Chiang Kai-shek a kindness in order to facilitate the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and he was ready to express it, and he was saddened by it.But he firmly believes that right and wrong will eventually be clear, and he comforts himself with the belief that the good will be achieved and the evil will be wiped out.Zhou Dewei, who once served as the "customs director" of the Kuomintang in Taipei, believed that "the content of the Zhongshan ship case recorded in the Kuomintang party history is not a true record, but it is just a way to exclude Wang." (Manuscript of "Yu Zhisheng and the Kuomintang", page 112) After Wang Jingwei was defeated by Chiang Kai-shek this time, he will never be able to escape the shadow of Chiang. Evil must be wiped out! After the Anti-Japanese War, Wang Jingwei surrendered to Japan, and Jiang’s diary on December 24, 1938, actually linked "collaborating with the enemy today" with the former "traitor to the Communist Party" and reiterated that Wang "thought to lure" I will be transported to Vladivostok on the Zhongshan ship" lie. (See "Preliminary Draft of President Chiang Kai-shek's First Draft", Volume Four, pages 1325 to 1326) In short, as soon as Wang Jingwei left, Chiang Kai-shek became the boss of the Kuomintang. Under the "compromise and tenderness" of the Russian Communist Party and the "bearable humiliation" of the Chinese Communist Party, he accepted the "Party Affairs Reorganization Case" prepared by Chiang in advance, and the Communist Party members Tan Pingshan, Mao Zedong, and Lin Zuhan all quit The position of minister made Chiang even more monopolized, and he seemed to be the number one figure in the Guangzhou revolutionary base.However, Chiang Kai-shek knew that for the Northern Expedition and the completion of the national revolution, he had to rely on military and economic aid from the Soviet Union and the assistance of the Chinese Communist Party. Therefore, after he was elected as the chairman of the Military Commission in mid-April, he attacked the right wing of the Kuomintang and demanded it on the 17th. The Sun Wen Doctrine Society was abolished, Wu Tiecheng was removed from the post of Public Security Bureau Chief on the 23rd, and Hu Hanmin, who returned home happily, was sent away on May 9th.These measures really won the favor of Soviet Russia, thinking that Jiang was not a rightist after all, but just personal heroism, which could still be used.After Borodin returned to Guangzhou, although he knew that Chiang had serious shortcomings, no one except Chiang could effectively fight against the rightist counter-revolutionary conspiracy.In fact, he was more willing to cooperate with Jiang and accept his conditions.On May 12, Chiang Kai-shek put forward the "Measures for Reorganizing Party Affairs", stipulating that Communist Party members cannot serve as ministers of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang. The executive members of the senior party committee of the Kuomintang cannot exceed one-third, with Chiang Kai-shek as the center of gravity of the revolution. (See Wilbur and How, Missionaries of Revolution, p. 719) So far, Chiang not only violated Sun Yat-sen’s policy of accepting the Communist Party, but also established a military dictatorship, and bluntly said to Borodin: “The revolution cannot succeed without dictatorship.” (“Chiang Kai-shek’s Diary Class Copy” "Party and Government" May 16, 1926) Borodin actually accepted them one by one, and took comfort in Chiang's severe attack on the rightists, so he fully supported Chiang.Inland scholars generally think that the Russian advisers and the Chinese Communist Party conceded to Chiang Kai-shek as a "rightist mistake" (see Lu Huangzhi's "Historical Reasons for the Zhongshan Ship Incident and Chiang Kai-shek's Two-Faced Strategy", p. 81), but they do not know that this is Stalin The established policy is not a momentary mistake.Soviet Russia wanted to use Chiang Kai-shek, but they didn't know that they were tricked by Chiang Kai-shek. Isaacs (Harold R. Isaacs), the author of "The Tragedy of the Chinese Revolution", compared Chiang Kai-shek to the "three-headed dog" (cerberus) guarding the gate of hell. To the left is Jiang's masked head, full of "Left" leanings and revolution.The third song is between the left and the right, facing suspicion and ambition (see The Tragedy of the Chinese Revolution, P. 90 by Ai Shi), which can be described as a sharp point. The face of "Leftist General" or "Red General" Chiang Kai-shek is definitely a fake mask, but the Russian Communist Party was kept in the dark.The Sri Lankan people are right inside and left outside, which can be seen in the letters to Liao Zhongkai after returning from Russia, and in the unusual relationship with rightist giants Dai Jitao and Zhang Jingjiang.Before the Zhongshan ship incident, Chiang Kai-shek’s diary was full of resentment, suspicion, and criticism of Wang Jingwei and Ji Shanjia. The conflicts with Kisanka and Wang Jingwei, the chiefs of the Soviet Russian Military Advisory Group, became acute." (Yang Tianshi's "Searching for the Mystery of History", p. 431) However, Wang and Ji could not feel this sharp contradiction, because they always regarded Jiang as an anti-right leftist comrade.Some specific disagreements were originally not sharp. For example, the issue of the Northern Expedition was not a policy issue of whether or not the Northern Expedition was necessary, but a strategic issue of lack of timing.Because Ji Shanjia felt that the Northern Expedition was not yet the right time, and then there was Jiang Beishang's contact with Feng Yuxiang's National Army and suggestions for military training, how could Wang Jingwei object?Jiang himself agreed with it for a time, but in the end it became the "factual basis" of Ji and Wang's conspiracy to send him to Vladivostok! The most fundamental thing is that the archives fully show that neither Wang Jingwei nor the Russian Communist Party had any conspiracy against Jiang. to speak of.That is to say, in terms of rationale, the Russian Communist Party will support him after the incident, so why should it get rid of him beforehand?However, Chiang Kai-shek’s state of mind shown in his diary three months before the Zhongshan ship incident occurred, obviously regarded Wang Jingwei, Ji Shanjia and the leftist forces as imaginary enemies, constantly and violently self-made contradictions, and deliberately expanded and distorted some ordinary things , Turning doubts into conspiracy, Don Quixote, who is almost fighting against the windmill, naturally regards the intensified enemy in his mind as the object of struggle, and as an excuse and basis for taking decisive military actions.This state of mind has already been seen in Jiang's diary the day before the incident: "I went to see Wang Zhaoming on the morning of the 19th, and returned to the apartment to meet guests. I hated the Communist Party's despicable actions of sowing dissension and its short-selling. He wanted to frame the party and usurp the heart of the revolution. It has long been known to passers-by. If you don’t make a decisive decision here, how can you save the party? How can you save yourself? He is determined to sacrifice himself, desperately, and swears to the party and the country. order." (Quoted from "The First Draft of Chiang Kai-shek's Mou Pu" by the Second Historical Archives of China, page 547) Therefore, if it is determined that the provocation and instigation of the right wing of the Kuomintang was the main cause of the Zhongshan Ship Incident, it would be too ignorant of the performance of the left wing of Chiang Kai-shek. It is a fact that the rightists have always regarded the leftists as their enemies. Chiang Kai-shek made the leftists his enemy, not because of his ideology, but because of his personal power. If he cooperates sincerely, it will be beneficial to the development of the revolutionary cause, but he will inevitably make wedding clothes for others, and he will never be able to establish the Chiang family dynasty. .The right wing of the Kuomintang has been at a disadvantage since its reorganization in 1924, and it can be used by itself instead of being controlled by others.The rightists obviously made waves before and after the Zhongshan Ship Incident and worked for the tiger. However, when the tiger and the polar bear reached an agreement, they were killed by the tiger.Chiang Kai-shek looks left and right and finds the source of both sides, which is conducive to the creation of personal power and the satisfaction of ambitions! The Zhongshan ship incident can be said to be a big gamble in Chiang Kai-shek's life. Although the family won alone, it was dangerous to win, and it was not as strong as the general impression of a strong man.On the night of the incident, He Xiangning questioned Jiang, and Jiang "went down on the desk and cried like a child." (Quoted from Yang Tianshi's "Searching for the Mystery of History", page 443) On the same day, Ji Shanjia also sent his assistant to "slightly reprimand" Jiang, and Jiang "apologized in every way". (See "Soviet Conspiracy Compilation", p. 34) Because of Stalin's mistake, he insisted on the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in order to complete the top-down "bourgeois democratic" revolution first, so the Russian advisers did everything possible to compromise with Chiang, thinking that they would oppose Chiang. It will lead to the breakdown of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and even prevent the "anti-Chiang alliance" that Wang Jingwei has already started to organize.If an "Anti-Chiang Alliance" is formed, with the support of the CCP and Russian advisers, how can Chiang Kai-shek and his First Army be the enemy?If Jiang was self-defeating due to the "Zhongshan Ship Incident", his political life would definitely end there, not to mention the prosperity of the Jiang family dynasty, it would be dangerous!