Chapter 33 5. On Humor

Humor is a part of life, so when a country's culture reaches a certain level, there must be humorous literature.Human wisdom has been enlightened, and there is still room for dealing with various problems, and it is humorous to come out of it calmly—or once you become smart, you will doubt human wisdom itself, and you will find human stupidity, contradictions, paranoia, and stupidity everywhere. With arrogance comes humor.For example, the Persian astronomer and poet Homer Kayam is of this kind. The unnamed author of "Tang Feng" in "Three Hundred Psalms" also revealed when he or she felt the emptiness of life and sang "There are chariots and horses, and they are driven around, as if they are dead, and others are happy". Humorous attitude too.Because humor is only a kind of calm and optimistic attitude, the woman in "Zheng Feng" who "does not think for herself, does not have others" also contains humor.When first-class minds like Zhuang Sheng appeared, there were humorous thoughts and humorous articles discussing the world. Therefore, Zhuang Sheng can be called the ancestor of humor in China.This is what Taishi said that Zhuang Sheng is funny, or it can be traced back to Lao Tzu.Strategists in the Warring States period, such as Guiguzi and Chunyu Kun, also had the talent for humor and eloquence.At this time, China's cultural and spiritual life is indeed full of energy and radiating splendor. There are hundreds of schools of thought springing up one after another, like a garden full of spring scenery, with exotic flowers and plants, each of which is different from each other, and can show its own strange appearance to compete for beauty.In this free atmosphere, human wisdom expresses its spirit and flourishes.People's thoughts also go their own way, and each of them has its own uniqueness in the investigation of things and poor principles.Therefore, there is no sour and rotten atmosphere.In this kind of atmosphere, naturally there are two schools of sincere wish and detachment, who sacrifice their lives to become benevolent, fearless in the face of danger, like the disciples of Mo Di, or those who blindly serve as officials, like the disciples of Confucius, this is the sincere wish school.Pulling out a hair to save the world and not doing it, like the disciples of Yang Zhu, or the disciples of Lao Zhuang who are ignorant of benevolence and righteousness, abandon the sage and abandon wisdom, and see through everything, this is the detachment school.With Detachment, humor comes naturally.The speeches of the detachment school are presumptuous, the pen is sharp, and the articles are far-reaching and careless.People who work hard for profit and righteousness, in the eyes of the detachment school, just find it funny.Confucianism is very strict about the thickness and size of the coffin, and the time limit for mourning. It cannot afford Zhuang Sheng's wild laughter. Therefore, Confucianism and Taoism have become two major forces in the history of Chinese thought, representing the school of Taoism and the school of humor.Later, because Confucianism had the theory of "respecting the king", it was used by the emperor, or Confucianism and the emperor used each other to oppress thoughts, resulting in a unified situation, and the world's corrupt Confucianism emerged.However, humor is in the end a kind of outlook on life, a kind of criticism of life, and it cannot be eliminated because of the oppression of the king's orthodoxy.Moreover, the source of Taoist thought is vast, and the spirit of Lao Zhuang's writings is enough to make its effectiveness indelible through the ages. Therefore, the thought after the Middle Ages seems to respect Confucian orthodoxy on the surface, but in fact Confucianism and Taoism are divided.When the Chinese are in power, they all believe in Confucianism, and when they are not, they all believe in Taoism.Chinese literature, except for the Langmiao literature used by the imperial court, all benefit from the Humorist Taoist thought.Langmiao literature is all fake literature, that is, the study of managing the world, and it is not considered literature in a narrow sense.Therefore, literature with real spirituality, and the most profoundly chanted poems and prose, all return to nature and belong to the school of humor, detachment, and Taoism.If there is no Taoist literature in China, and if China really only has the non-humorous Confucian orthodoxy, Chinese poetry and prose will be so boring, and the hearts of the Chinese people will be so depressed.

Lao Tzu Zhuang Sheng is indeed detached, if Zhuang Sheng enjoys watching fish, dreams of butterflies, metaphors of swords, and words of frogs and turtles, it is humorous enough.Laozi taught Confucius a sentence: "What you said, his person and bones are already rotten, and his words are only in his ears. I have heard that a good family hides like nothing, a gentleman is virtuous, and his appearance is like a fool. Go away Its arrogance and desire, lust and lust are nothing more than that." Regardless of whether it was falsely entrusted by people in the Warring States period or misrepresented by Sima Qian, it has a sour smell that makes people uncomfortable.When we read Lao Zhuang's writings, and want to see him as a human being, we always feel that they are more than hot and sour, but not moist enough.In terms of its grandeur and depth, it is indeed a manifestation of the true eomicspirit (under "Shuo Jian").However, Lao Tzu smiled wryly, and Zhuang Sheng laughed wildly. Lao Tzu's laughter was sharp, and Zhuang Sheng's laughter was bold and unrestrained.Perhaps the detachment school tends to be cynical and world-weary, and when it comes to anger and jealousy, it loses the purpose of humor and kindness.This is why Qu Yuan and Jia Yi rarely have humor.Because it is said that humor is gentle and detached, but at the same time add compassion, which is the so-called humor in the West, witty and sharp irony, and it is called "Wit" (Wit) in Western languages.On the contrary, Confucius is gentle and strict, respectful and peaceful, inappropriate, unnecessary, and necessary, and his attitude is close to true humor.The humor of Confucius and the lack of humor of the Confucians are the most obvious facts.What I take from Confucius is not his ruthlessness, but his Xun Xun Ru Ye when he lived in Yan.What the rotten Confucianism takes is his 踧踖ye, not his Xun Xun Ruye.What I love is the Confucius who is humorous when he fails, the Confucius who does not want to be a melon but does not eat, not the Confucius who kills Shao Zhengmao when he is successful.What the rotten Confucian loves is Confucius who killed Shao Zhengmao, not Confucius who is also humorous and self-adapted.After Confucius died, Mencius was still full of humor. He hugged his daughter over the wall of the east family, which is something that today's literati and bureaucrats disdain to say.The metaphor of Qi people having one wife and one concubine is also very ironic.However, Mencius is also close to depression, not close to humor, because he has more reason and less emotion.Since then, Confucianism has become more and more sour, and it is not enough to talk about it.Han Fei wrote the article "Shuo Dian" with the talent of life, which is just the humor of a university professor. It is not very light and natural, and humor must be light and natural.Dongfang Shuo and Meigao are the ancestors of Chinese-style humor, but they are not humorous in nature.After Zhengshi, Wang Hezhi began to learn, Taoism was revived, and the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest advocated it, so that the smell of corrupt Confucianism was eliminated, and the atmosphere of clear talk was opened.In this kind of atmosphere, the Taoist psychology penetrates deeply into people's hearts, and the tense and vigorous thought of Zhou and Qin changed into calm and comfortable, just like the grass and trees change from the grand and prosperous in midsummer to the heroic and profound in early autumn.As a result, he cultivated Tao Qian, a mature and humorous poet in the late Jin Dynasty.Tao Qian's responsibility is skillful humor.Tao Qian's calmness and comfort are different from Zhuang Sheng's wildness, and there is no Qu Yuan's grief and indignation.Compared with Qu Yuan's "Buju" and "Fisherman", his "Return to the Home" is also a self-admiration, but there is no sound of sorrow and indignation.He and Zhuangzi both advocate returning to nature, but they are not as sharp as Zhuangzi when it comes to criticizing the world.Tao refused to bend his waist for five buckets of rice, but saw the foolishness and pitifulness of people who bow their waists for five buckets of rice.Zhuang Sheng scolded Qianlu's people as pigs for cattle to be slaughtered.So Zhuang Sheng's angry laughter turned into a gentle smile when it came to Tao Qian.The reason why I say this is not to suppress the Zhuang and promote the pottery, but to see that there are various differences in humor.When discussing vertical and horizontal humor, Zhuang is the most important, and when poetic and self-adaptive, Tao is the beginning.Probably Zhuangzi has positive humor and Tao Qian has negative humor, which originates from the difference in temperament.However, the Chinese do not understand the meaning of humor, and believe that humor must be ironic, so they only mark leisurely humor to show its scope.

After Zhuangzi, the humor of discussing vertically and horizontally will not continue to be discovered.With backbone and lofty thinking, he has been oppressed by the unity forces of the emperor and the orthodoxy.For two thousand years, everyone's discussion was consistent with the holy way, and the writers only turned somersaults in the Confucian temple and picked up hairs in the Neo Confucianism field.The so-called leisure is nothing more than that, and the so-called superb is nothing more than that.A little novel discussion and extraordinary insights are falsely accused of being contrary to scriptures and apostasy. Arguments and sophistry are despised by court scholars and bureaucrats, and even the responsibility for the subjugation of the country is imposed on it.Fan Ning took the crimes of Wang Bi and He Yan as superseding Jie and Zhou, and believed that benevolence and righteousness have fallen, elegance has been dusted, rituals have been corrupted and music has collapsed, and the Central Plains have collapsed, all of which should be blamed on the second son.Wang Yueqing talked about it, and the commentators pointed it as a sign of the fall of the Jin Dynasty.It's not enough to talk about it, who dares to repeat the words of utter sage and wisdom?During the past two thousand years, the literati and bureaucrats were all burdened with great talents in the world. They wanted to assist the king, order the princes, rule the world, collect taxes, and even write articles to express grief and anger.How much more time to talk about humor?The scholar-bureaucrats in the imperial court open their mouths about benevolence and righteousness, but keep their mouths about loyalty and filial piety. They deceive themselves and others, and they are false. No one is allowed to expose them.To this day, when soldiers are powered on and politicians declare, they are still ordinary faces of Taoism.The warlords who harmed the country and the great officials of the country, read his manifesto, almost everyone wants to compare Tang Wu to Yao and Shun.Hearing his speeches, he almost felt ashamed of Zhou Confucius and Xun Meng.As for wives and concubines weeping in the courtyard, Shi Shi came from outside, who Mencius ridiculed, he didn't know, so how could he have time to imitate Mencius's humor?

But humor is part of life after all.When people cry and laugh, they don't know the reason, and they can't be extinct because of the rejection of the scholar-bureaucrats.The humor of vertical and horizontal discussions is invisible, but the humor of leisure and happiness is endlessly seen in poetry and prose.As for the funny articles occasionally written by literati, such as Han Yuzhi's sending poor articles, Li Yuzhi's chasing cats articles, they are nothing more than playful words.Real humor, bachelors and doctors, can no longer be written.Only in the works of scholars of the Xingling school can we find very humorous argumentative essays from time to time, such as Ding'an's discussion on privateness, Zhonglang's discussion on ignorance, and Zicai's discussion on sex, etc.But apart from the orthodox literature, the literature that scholars and officials regard as Qi Dong's wild language barnyard officials' novels has elements of humor all the time.Song Zhiping dialects, Yuan operas, Ming legends, Qing novels, where is there no humor?If Li Kui and Lu Zhishen in "Water Margin" are written so that you sometimes cry or laugh, cry and laugh, and sometimes cry and laugh, it is far beyond satire, praise and criticism, and reaches the realm of humor and sympathy.The grandson Xingzhe and Zhu Bajie really make us feel a kind of warm sympathy besides laughing, which is also the essence of humor.Almost every piece is a depiction of the world and human feelings, with irony mixed with humor.It is about women, about the country of gentlemen, and about Yugu. There are also many discussion articles that enlighten people's wisdom, which are not easy to find in orthodox literature.The true humorous literature of China should be found in dramas, legends, novels, and minor tunes, just as the best Chinese poetry should also be found in dramas, legends, novels, and minor tunes.

Because orthodox literature does not tolerate humor, the Chinese do not understand the nature and function of humor.Ordinary people always take a contemptuous attitude towards humor.Mr. Taoists even take an attitude of jealousy or fear, thinking that if humor prevails, life will lose its seriousness and morality will be overthrown by sophistry.This is just like Mr. Taoism who regards women as dangerous goods, but has no understanding of the usefulness of sex in life, or like his generation, who regards novels as off-the-pegs, but has no understanding of imaginative literature.In fact, humor is a part of life, I have repeatedly said.Taoists can exclude humor from their inscriptions and epitaphs, but they cannot exclude humor from life.Life is always full of humor.As if life is always full of misery, sexuality, and imagination.Even in the life of a Confucian, when writing articles despite Taoism, when chatting with acquaintances, is it not often jokes and jokes?The only difference is that the article lacks the nourishment of humor.If you try to read the "Words and Deeds of Famous Officials" written by Zhu Xi, you can see that literati dare not write in books, but they often say it out of their mouths, which is very humorous.

Let's take one or two things as examples: (Zhao Putiao) Taizu wanted to make Fu Yanqing a soldier, but the King of Han repeatedly admonished him, thinking that Yanqing's fame and status were already high, and he could not be appointed as a soldier again.I don't listen to it.Xuan has come out, please see Han Wang Fuhuai.Shang said: "Why do you doubt Yanqing?"I treat Yanqing very kindly, can Yanqing bear me?The king said: "How can your majesty defeat Zhou Shizong?"Shang Moran, then stopped. This is the superior humor of understanding human feelings. The Empress Dowager Zhaoxian was smart and wise, and she tried to participate in the great politics with Taizu.And Ji Du, Taizu served the bait, not far from the left and right.The Empress Dowager said: Do you know how to win the world?superior

Said: This is also the Yu Qing of Zu Kao and the Empress Dowager.The Queen Mother said with a smile: "Otherwise, Zhengyou Chai made the children dominate the world." What Taizu said was all Taoism and whitewashing.The Empress Dowager was able to obliterate the merits of Taizu's establishment of the dynasty, and it was said that it was caused by the misfortune of the Chai family.These words and this kind of view are just like Bernard Shaw telling Napoleon that the great victory in a certain battle was all due to his horse accidentally finding a ferry. Isn't it the best humor to expose the truth?

Regarding the interpretation of humor, there are analyzes by philosophers Aristotle, Plato, Kant, Hobbes, Bergson, and Fraut.Bergson's argument misses the point, Frout is too specialized.My favorite is a discussion in "On Drama" by the British novelist Meredith.It is extremely difficult to translate his description of the god of haiku, so here is a rough translation as follows: If you believe that culture is based on reason, when you observe human beings quietly, you will see that there is a kind of spirit in the sky, who observes everything honestly... He has the forehead of a sage, and his lips are half-opened calmly and unrelentingly. Lin Shen's banter was hidden on his lips.That bow-shaped smile of contentment and pleasure was the loud and wild laugh of a forest god in ancient times, making his eyebrows stand on end.That laughter would come again, but this time it was of the kind of smile, gentle and appropriate, expressing the brilliance of the soul and the richness of wisdom, not the hulu.The usual attitude is a kind of leisurely observation, as if watching a scene, waiting for the fat to eat, but not in a hurry.The future of mankind is not what he pays attention to; what he pays attention to is the honesty and neatness of mankind at present.Whenever man lost his figure, exaggerated, ostentatious, pompous, ostentatious, hypocritical, ostentatious, delicate;

Desire, worshiping idols, doing absurd things, doing business with eyes like beans, and calculating like crazy; whenever human beings are inconsistent with words and deeds, or are arrogant, condescending, or obsessed with obsession, or pretending to be a gorilla, whether it is Individuals or groups; the God above gave a gentle playful look, squinting at them, followed by a burst of laughter like a pearl falling on a jade plate.This is the god of wandering tune (Thecomicsspirit). This kind of laughter is gentle and gentle, and it comes from the enlightenment of the soul.Ridiculous ridicule is selfish, but humor is sympathetic, so humor is different from abuse.Because cursing itself lacks the wisdom of reason, and there is no ability to reflect on oneself.The humorous situation is profound and detached, so there is no anger, only laughter, and humor is based on reason, based on the understanding of reason.Meredith said it well, meeting the god of haiku is a joy of sympathy.Those who scold, their emotions are urgent, and their words are fierce, lest the onlookers will not sympathize with them.A humorist knows that reasonable people in the world will naturally feel the same way, so there is no need to hurl vehement abuse and sarcasm, which hurts energy, so he is not in a hurry to knock the other party down.Because what you are laughing at is the folly of the other party, all you have to do is point out his folly.A sensible person will always stand by your side.That's why people who don't know humor need to abuse.

Meredith also has a good sense of humor and irony. If you could see the absurd in the ones you love without detracting from your love for them, you would have the discernment of a haiku; Accepting this correction in the absence of a particular place is all the more evidence of your discernment. If you see this kind of ridiculousness and feel a little cold and hurt honesty, you have fallen into the trap of ridicule (Satire). But if you don't pick up the stick of taunting, and make him writhe and howl, and praise him with only the stinging half of your words, and make him suffer so much that he doesn't know if he's being hurt, you're using irony method.

If you only taunt him in all directions, push him to roll on the ground, knock him once, shed a little tear on him, and admit that you are just like him, that is, like others, attacking him unceremoniously , and in the exposure, there is a sense of pity, and you have the spirit of humour. The essence of humor that Meredith talks about is already very thorough.I would like to add a few words about the Chinese people's misunderstanding of humor.The power of Chinese orthodoxy is so powerful that most people think that humor is playful and satirical, because even when telling jokes, one must care about the morals of the world, satirize current events, and then become an article.In fact, humor and irony are very close, but not always for the purpose of irony.Every time satire tends to be sour, it becomes humor by removing its sourness and diluting the mood.If you want to be humorous, you must first have a profound state of mind, and bring a little thought of my Buddha's compassion, then the article will not be too angry, and the reader will feel indifferent.Humor is just a calm and far-sighted bystander, who often laughs with tears and tears with laughter.His prose is light and natural, not like the comical ostentation, nor the gloomy reasoning out of vigilance.Humorous articles are naturally graceful and unrestrained, without pretentiousness, so that you can't point out which sentence makes you laugh in a paragraph, but read it to enlighten your soul and comfort your mind.The reason for this is that humor is natural, and witty artificial.Humor is objective, wit is subjective.The humor is watered down and the sarcasm is sharp.See through the world, feel joy in your heart, write in a brisk style, don't worry about anything, don't make bad tunes, don't be coy and ugly in Taoism, don't seek the favor of scholar-bureaucrats, don't win the favor of mediocre people, and are naturally humorous. Humor has a broad sense and a narrow sense. In Western usage, it often includes all words that make people laugh, even vulgar jokes. (The so-called humorous publications in Western languages ​​are mostly vulgar jokes, such as "Clumsy" and "Life", the style is not very high. If French Sourire, English Ballyhoo, etc., there are many "unsightly" words. ) In a narrow sense, humor is different from depression, sarcasm, and ridicule.These three or four styles all contain elements of laughter.However, there are different types of laughter, wry laughter, wild laughter, light laughter, and smirk. There are also different meanings and attitudes of laughter. View, have the sustenance of thought.The best humor naturally expresses "the brilliance of the soul and the richness of wisdom", as Meredith said, it belongs to the category of "a knowing smile".Among the various styles, humor is the most emotional, but humor and other styles make people laugh. The nature of this laughter and the technique of humor are worth discussing. Those who say that humor always traces back to Aristotle, and later Plato and Kant's theories are generally consistent with Aristotle.This is what Mr. Zhou Gucheng (the 25th issue of "On Humor") called the "anticipatory response", which means that when the mood is tense, an unexpected narration will change the tension into a gentle one, so the brain will feel a sense of pleasure. And made a laugh.Kant said that "laughter is the emotion when tense expectations suddenly disappear".This is true regardless of gloom and humor in a narrow sense.Freud cites a good example in the book "The Relationship between Depression and the Subconscious": A certain poor man borrowed twenty-five yuan from his rich friend.On the same day, this friend met a poor man eating a plate of very expensive salmon with milk paste in a restaurant.The friend stepped forward and scolded him, saying, "You just came to borrow money from me, and you came to eat salmon with milk sauce. Is this what you mean by borrowing money?" The poor man replied, "I don't understand what you said. I When you have no money, you cannot eat salmon with milk, and when you have money, you are not allowed to eat salmon with milk. May I ask you, when can I eat salmon with milk?" When the rich friend's question was tense, we sympathized with the poor man, thinking that he would be embarrassed, but when we heard the poor man's answer, the tense situation became relaxed.This is an explanation of the neurological effects of laughter.At the same time, there is another saying that is also consistent with this saying, that is, when we laugh, we always see others being embarrassed or in misfortune, or doing stupid things, which makes us feel superior to them, so we laugh.Seeing people fall, but standing still, I laughed.Seeing that Emperor Ren Qiqi was keen on fame and fortune, but himself was pure and elegant, so he also laughed.However, if you are also a Beijing official and see someone at the same level promoted to a higher position, you will only be jealous, but not laugh;Therefore, the origin of laughter is to see a certain gaffe in life without harming oneself, and to get a kind of pleasure in the nerves.Ordinary people like to read swearing articles, and this is the reason.Or when he recounted his embarrassment in the past, others did not fail to laugh.However, those who are laughed at are often unhappy, so there is the so-called abnormality of getting old from shame to anger.The more general the humor refers to the world, the more sympathy it receives from all sides, because the listener may not necessarily refer to him personally, or if it refers to his class, he may not necessarily be a member of this class that should be blamed.For example, if you scold a Beijing official, you can still laugh after reading it, or scold a university professor for "reviewing" lecture notes and go around "paying your salary", the university professor can also take it well, because it is not very close to yourself.Therefore, the debate between the two parties, the more personal it is, such as the scolding between Wang Jingwei and Wu Zhihui, the less humorous it is, and it is easy to seep into hot and sour elements; on the contrary, the more general social satire and life satire, the more profound the sentiment, and the more Almost humorous. In this transformation from tension to relaxation, each of them has an element of surprise (that is, "reaction").The sharp turn is either due to the puns in the meaning of the words (this is the most superficial humor, but there are also puns that are clever and natural, which is really wonderful), some are due to the rogue attitude (take the example of the poor above), and some are due to the character of the person in the joke. Stubbornness, some are due to understanding the truth and human feelings.Probably this kind of steep turn is out of wisdom, like Gongsun Da Niang dancing sword, like flying to the peak from outside the sky, there is no certain set of boards.Those who are good at wit come from wit.For example, when Lloyd George was giving a speech, a feminist activist stood up and said, "If you were my husband, I would give you poison." Her counterpart said, "If I were your husband, I would take the poison." place, only where people improvise.Seeing that King Xuan of Qi was willing to prepare a harem, Wuyan was a bit of a rogue, and it was also a kind of humor.However, it is easy to be annoying if you are a rogue or a fool.Good humor is all reasonable and reasonable, and its surprise lies in the fact that the speaker dare not say it.People in the world like to tell polite lies, and they don't think it's strange to follow the rules. When one person explains the truth and tells the truth, the whole hall laughs.This is explained by Freud, because every time our nerves are suppressed (inhibition), once the oppression is lifted, the mind will naturally be relaxed and happy, and it will burst into laughter.Therefore, humor often involves obscenity, because obscene talk has the effect of relaxing inhibition.Under certain circumstances, such obscene talk is fine and healthy for mental health.According to my experience, there is no experience where university professors and mature scholars get together to talk without talking about sex.The so-called obscenity is purely a matter of social customs, which can be discussed in some places, but not in other places.The social bondage of speech in the English middle class is always greater than that of the aristocracy.Probably the upper class and the lower class are very free, only the middle class who study is the most restricted.What is allowed in France may not be allowed in Britain, and what is allowed in Britain may not be allowed in China.The era is also different. In the seventeenth century in England, there were many words that people dare not use literally, and the same is true in Shakespeare's era.But the minds of modern people are not necessarily cleaner than those in Shakespeare's time, and the use of sex is even more subtle.In China, Chunyu Kun said to King Wei of Qi that his minister would be drunk even after drinking a bucket, and he would also be drunk with a stone. The king asked him, since he was drunk with a bucket, how could he drink a stone?Chunyu Kun said that he would get drunk after one or two fights by the emperor's side; , Sit together in honor, men and women sit at the same table, shoes and boats are intertwined, cups and plates are messed up, candles in the hall are extinguished, the host sees off the guests with his hair on his head, his clothes are untied, and he smells the water. Although this paragraph cannot be regarded as obscene, it can express the reason why the so-called cancellation of nervous inhibition and humor can easily become obscene.Zhang Chang was his wife's thrush, and he asked him about it, and replied: "There is more than just thrush between husband and wife."It can also express humor and make people laugh, often setting aside taboos and saying a few reasonable words. There are several cases to prove the funnyness of this kind of close talk.The German celebrity Key-serBling edited "The Book of Marriage", inviting famous experts from all over the world to write essays, and asked Bernard Shaw to write an article about marriage.George Bernard Shaw replied: "No mortal can honestly state his opinion on marriage before his wife is dead." It is more exciting and profound than the long speeches in the book. Keyserling is about to include that sentence in the preface.According to legend, someone asked about the art of life for the parents. The Taoist said that abstinence and inaction, eating wind and sleeping in the dew, abstaining from delicacies, and not being close to women can enjoy a thousand years of life.The man said, what is the benefit of living a thousand years if this is the case, it is better to die young, which is also a reasonable statement.There is a similar story in the West, which says that a certain school teacher likes to drink, and he will get drunk when he drinks, so he has no students and is poor.Someone advised him kindly, "Your knowledge is very good. As long as you are willing to quit drinking, you will definitely receive many students. Don't you think so?" The tutor replied, "The reason why I recruit students to teach is to drink. If I don't drink, why should I take disciples?" The examples cited above can clarify the nature and source of laughter, but they all belong to witty defenses and belong to the school of melancholy and funny.In the humorous texts, it is different again, although the principle of making people laugh is the same.Humorous sketches are not composed of such aphorisms, and cannot be forced, nor can they be forced.There are so many modern western humorous sketches that almost every ordinary magazine publishes one or two humorous sketches.This kind of essay is very plain, just like chatting, and some use local slang for current commentary, hoping that it will fade into the hearts of the people, such as Will Rogers.Some are no different from ordinary papers, or special sketches, such as Stephen Leacock.Or a long discussion, talking about life, such as G. K． Chesterton, or propagandist, such as Bernard Shaw, most of the style is very light, with fresh and natural as the main.The reason why it is different from Chinese game writing is that the humor is not blindly absurd. It has neither the smell of Taoism nor the smell of clowns. It is solemn and humorous, and it talks about society and life naturally.Or in the serious part, it is more serious than ordinary essays, because it is less restrained, and the emotions are all true.In short, western humorous essays are generally a unique style of essays.Anyone who writes this kind of humorous sketch must first have unique insights and observations of life in addition to the plain style of writing.Because humor is just an attitude, a outlook on life, and for those who are used to writing humorous essays, it only becomes a style. No matter what kind of topic, if you have a certain mood, you can write and write into fun.This is also a very common saying, just like saying that to learn poetry, the most important thing is to go to the mountains and rivers, experience human feelings, and cultivate the soul, rather than just learning to draw flat and flat, and talk about the last skills such as the waist of the bee and the knees of the crane. Therefore, we know that only those who have a considerable outlook on life, understand the truth, and speak realistically can write humorous works.No matter which country's culture, life, literature, and thought, it needs to be nourished by a sense of humor.Without the nourishment of humor, the culture will become increasingly hypocritical, the life will become more deceitful, the thinking will become more pedantic, the literature will become more dry, and the human heart will become more stubborn.As a result, there will be life and articles that are false in the world, and they will be passionate and generous on the surface, old and moldy on the inside, half enthusiastic, numb for half a lifetime, moody, sentimental, neurotic, and hysterical. Megalomania, melancholia and other psychopaths. , It would be a great achievement if military politicians could be less likely to make false telegram declarations.