Chapter 63 What happened to the cemetery of the dead soldiers in Daqingshan Anti-Japanese War

Hu Shi said that he "extremely admires those heroes who fought desperately for the motherland".The inscription "Daqingshan Anti-Japanese War Cemetery of the Dead Soldiers" written by him should prove that his words are indeed a truth, and it is also an important sign that he is different from the pro-Japanese faction in terms of thoughts and feelings. On May 23, 1933, when Chiang Kai-shek's government compromised with the Japanese invaders and begged for peace, more than 1,000 soldiers from the 59th Army of the Seventh Army of the North China Army fought against the Japanese invaders near Huairou County, more than 60 miles away from Peiping. Kou launched a heroic bloody battle.The battle started at four o'clock in the morning.The Chinese athletes braved the reconnaissance and bombing of enemy planes, rushed to build positions, and dug good trenches in the hard rock.They held on until the afternoon, and because the armistice agreement had been signed, their superiors ordered them to retreat.But they were in the middle of a fierce battle, and they heard the news of the truce that humiliated the country and humiliated the country. They were even more unwilling to give up this rare opportunity to fight the enemy, and they persisted in fighting until 7 pm before withdrawing their positions.In this battle, 203 soldiers died heroically.

Later, the national government buried these soldiers who died in the Anti-Japanese War in Daqingshan, established a cemetery, and set up a monument to commemorate them.General Fu Zuoyi specially asked Hu Shi to write an inscription for the cemetery.Hu readily agreed, and was moved by the "most heroic bloody battle" of the anti-enemy soldiers. With extreme admiration and affection, he wrote an inscription in vernacular, which was written by Qian Xuantong and carved on a stone at the foot of Daqing Mountain. Aoyama "The Cemetery of the Anti-Japanese War Dead Soldiers".The inscription angrily denounced the "Tanggu Agreement" as a disgraceful "union under the city" and a "national humiliation". Part of the shame of the 'Union under the City'", "stained a page of the history of the Chinese nation with their blood".The final inscription reads:

Here are 203 good Chinese men who are buried here! They dedicated their lives to their motherland. We and our descendants come here to pay their respects, and think about what we should use to repay their blood. ① What the inscription expresses is the righteousness of the nation and the infinite admiration for the martyred heroes of our Chinese descendants! However, by 1935, the Japanese invaders conspired to annex the five provinces of North China.The Kuomintang government succumbed to the pressure of the Japanese army. In early June, the pro-Japanese general He Yingqin came out to secretly negotiate with Umezu Yoshijiro, the commander of the Japanese army stationed in North China, and signed the traitorous "Hemei Agreement", ruining most of the sovereignty of North China; Movement, "General He Yingqin ordered that all anti-Japanese monuments should be hidden", and even the cemetery of soldiers who died in the Anti-Japanese War in Daqingshan was also "banned".The timid He Yingqin "sent a few telegrams to Fu Yisheng (according to: Fu Zuoyi's word Yisheng), asking him to destroy all the signs of 'anti-Japanese war', especially the cemetery of fallen soldiers here. The word "Anti-Japanese" in the cemetery was excavated and changed to the word "Great Wall".The plaques, couplets, inscriptions, and praises sent from all over the country tried to remove all irritating ones, leaving only the plaque "Heshan Zhuangqi" inscribed by Lin Sen. On July 5, Hu Shi accompanied General Fu Zuoyi to Suiyuan to see the "Cemetery of the Anti-Japanese War Fallen Soldiers" in Daqingshan.The cemetery is not far from the station, and the tombstone tower can be seen from the car.Hu Shi originally said, "This monument will be destroyed by Japan soon", but he did not expect that the Japanese had not occupied Suiyuan. In front of the tomb of Guoshang, I was really moved, filled with grief and indignation, and wrote the poem "Daqingshan Cemetery Stele", the word cloud:

When the fog disperses and the clouds bloom, there is no need to be sad when it is temporarily buried. Qingshan waits for me to come back again, capitalize the second monument of Qingshan. ② Although Hu Shi kept a low profile for a long time, he did not advocate: "lifting the big sword of the blacksmith shop" to fight those "the cruelest and cruelest modern weapons", so he did not advocate fighting against Japan; Also full of dissatisfaction and grief.After all, the blood flowing in his veins is the blood of the descendants of the Yellow Emperor, and he still retains the national integrity of the descendants of the Chinese nation.

His views on China's foreign policy are obviously different from those of the pro-Japanese Wang Jingwei.Hu Shi was an intellectual of the Anglo-American school, and his understanding of the Japanese invaders was still very clear.He once said in The Independent on foreign policy: The principle of our foreign policy should be: We must not forsake the highway of the League of Nations.Without abandoning the principles of the League of Nations and the International, we can discuss various factual issues with Japan, but we must realize that Japan under the rule of the warlords is by no means our friend. ...Our situation today, to be honest, can only make more friends and beware of mad dogs.If we are afraid to make friends because we are afraid of mad dogs, then we are not qualified to be friends. ③

Hu Shi advocated "making more friends and beware of mad dogs" in diplomacy, that is, making friends with the Soviet Union, the United States, and Britain to jointly deal with Japan, a mad dog.Wang Jingwei did not agree with Hu Shi's proposition.In his letter to Hu, he said that even if the Soviet Union, the United States, and Britain were lucky enough to defeat Japan, "our country has become a mess, and apart from turning into a Soviet, it is divided or shared management." ④Wang's dissemination of this pessimistic view was for the purpose of his pro-Japanese policy of falling to Japan, which was quite popular among some pro-Japanese factions at that time.Hu Shi could not agree with this pessimistic estimate, and believed that there should be "a little confidence" in the International.He pointed out: "If we first worry about dividing up or joint management by B, C, and D (press, refer to the Soviet Union, the United States, and Britain), then what else is there to do except throwing ourselves into the arms of country A (refer to Japan) to become North Korea?" Is there a way to go?" Hu Shi's tone was obviously more optimistic than Wang Jingwei's. He himself said: "When the whole country sings a high-key, I am not afraid to sing a low-key; today the whole country seems to be low-key, and I dare not not sing a little high-key." ⑤ His so-called "high-profile" is against the surrender diplomacy of the pro-Japanese faction, but it is not the main battle, but hopes for international assistance, mainly the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union.Later, Hu Shi repeatedly emphasized that the international route should not be discarded, and that diplomatic talents in Europe and the United States should be enriched. He also said: "We must seize the three countries of the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom. We must not lose the sympathy of the world by being petty and cheap." ⑥ Judging from the actual development of the world's anti-fascist war in the future, this point of Hu Shi's foreign policy should be said to be basically correct and far-sighted.

In May 1936, the situation in North China "was brewing with great chaos", and the atmosphere of surrender was quite strong.The Hebei-Chahar Political Affairs Committee and the Japanese invaders signed a secret "North China Anti-communist Agreement".However, the 29th Army led by Song Zheyuan was, after all, an army that once fought against the Japanese on the Great Wall. At the cadre meeting on the night of May 30, it was decided that the policy would not change and would not separate from the Central Committee.When Hu Shi learned of this situation, he wrote an article "Respect to Mr. Song Zheyuan" on the 31st, further understanding the righteousness of the nation, which said:

We firmly believe that at this moment, the fate of the country is at stake.Anyone who opposes the Republic of China, and anyone who intends to destroy the unity of the Republic of China, is a person who intends to leave a bad name for thousands of years. We must not tolerate such people, and must use all our strength to eliminate such traitors who betray the country and seek glory.Those who are not like this are traitors today, but will always be national traitors in the history of the Chinese nation. ...Xi Qia, Zhang Jinghui, and Yin Rugeng have no power, because they have separated from the position of the country, so they will always become traitors and national thieves. They have to take shelter under the enemy's cavalry and become protected slaves.These slaves will have the qualifications to cast long kneeling iron statues in front of Zhongshan's tomb in the future.Although our country is suffering bad luck now, it will never perish.We must understand this point: Anyone who breaks away from the position of the state will never escape the stigma of thousands of years! ⑦His scolding of traitors and traitors, and his condemnation of traitorous acts are all righteous! Hu Shi visited him in person Song Zheyuan, for Song Chen, said the two principles of "not losing sovereignty" and "obedience to the central government". ⑧Naturally, the "unity of the country" and "obedience to the central government" he tried his best to maintain refer to the national government represented by Chiang Kai-shek.However, in the autumn when the nation was in crisis, only Chiang Kai-shek's national government was expected to forcefully unify China, unite the whole nation, and fight against the war together. Isn't this the reality of China at that time?

On December 12 of the same year, the "Xi'an Incident" occurred.The Chinese Communist Party actively promoted a peaceful settlement, forced Chiang Kai-shek to stop the civil war, and unitedly resisted Japan. Finally, the national anti-Japanese national united front was quickly established, and the whole country entered a new stage of the Anti-Japanese National Liberation War. ①The full name of the inscription is "The Cemetery of the 59th Army of the 7th Corps of the North China Army of the Republic of China in the Anti-Japanese War", with rubbings, included in the "After-Try Collection" of "Mr. Hu Shizhi's Poetry Handwriting", Taipei Commercial Press, 1964 December 1 edition.

② See also the letter.There is a postscript to the poem, which says: "After the cemetery stele was carved and established, General He Yingqin ordered that all anti-Japanese monuments should be hidden. So General Fu Zuoyi added a layer of cover on the stele, and engraved the four characters of 'the spirit is here' on it. "Hu Shi's Diary" manuscript, Taipei Yuanliu Publishing Co., Ltd. 1990 edition, volume 12, July 5, 1935 (mistakenly recorded as June 5) has detailed records.The text of this poem is slightly different. The second sentence is "There is no need to be sad to bury the obscurity", the third sentence is "The mountain spirit will wait for me in the future", and the first and fourth sentences are the same. (Supplementary notes to the third edition)

③ "The New World Situation and China's Diplomatic Policy", contained in "Independent Review" No. 78, published on November 20, 1933. ④Wang Jingwei sent a letter to Hu Shih on November 22, 1933, see "Hu Shi's Correspondence Letters", Beijing Zhonghua Book Company, May 1, 1979, volume 2, pp. 220-221. ⑤Hu Shi wrote to Wang Jingweixin (draft) on December 20, 1933, pages 225-228 of the same book. ⑥ Letter from Hu Shi to Weng Wenhao on June 9, 1936 (draft), p. 322 of the same book. ⑦ "A Respect to Mr. Song Zheyuan", contained in "Independent Review" No. 204, published on June 7, 1936. ⑧ See Hu Shi's letter to Weng Wenhao on June 9, 1936 (draft).Same note ⑥.