Home Categories Biographical memories Talking about Great Literati in the Republic of China: Those Masters of Chinese Studies
In 1907, the Tongmenghui planned to transport firearms from Japan to Bailong Port near Fangcheng, Qinzhou, to support the Tongmenghui's uprising there.During this period, Zhang Taiyan heard Japanese Hirayama Wada from the "Minbao" newspaper office say that the firearms purchased by the Tongmenghui were outdated and unsuitable for combat, so he sent a telegram to Hong Kong's "China Daily" saying: "The weapons are inferior and difficult to use, please stop buying them separately." Sun Yat-sen saw After receiving the telegram, he was deeply annoyed, thinking that the purchase of firearms was a secret operation, but Zhang Taiyan sent it directly with a bright telegram, he was really confused.Later grandson and others negotiated to cancel the plan.However, Feng Ziyou said that Zhang Taiyan "has a simple and straightforward nature, with little emotion, and always speaks out quickly."And the plan to transport firearms to Qinzhou has long been cancelled, let alone Zhang Taiyan.

Zhang Taiyan was a "book fan" when he was a child, and he didn't know how to play.At that time, Zhang's mother often played cards with her female relatives at home, while Zhang Taiyan sat beside him and read a book. Although the environment was noisy, he acted like no one was around.One day, Zhang Taiyan was reading a book in the courtyard. Unknowingly, the sky was getting dark and the temperature was getting lower. His elder sister-in-law called him into the house to add clothes so as not to catch cold.Zhang Taiyan was engrossed in watching it, and his elder sister-in-law called him several times before he reluctantly entered the house. After adding clothes, he still went back to the courtyard to study.After everyone saw it, they couldn't stop laughing. It turned out that he was actually wearing a "flower vest" worn by his elder sister-in-law.But Zhang Taiyan was at a loss, asked his family what they were laughing at, and let him know what he was laughing at... Everyone laughed wildly.

Zhang Taiyan is full of knowledge, but in life he is slovenly, and his attire is quite weird.He has hair parted on both sides. In spring, he often wears a long gown with a special waistcoat;Throughout the year, no matter how cold or warm, you always hold a round fan in your hand.The clothes have not been changed and washed for many years, and the sleeves are full of dirt and shiny. Bao Tianxiao's "Chuanyinglou Conghua" records that when Zhang Taiyan was teaching at Soochow University, he lived in a small house at Luoshiqiaotou.Zhang went to Soochow University to give lectures early, and when he came home at night, he often forgot his own house and walked to a neighbor's house without realizing it.One day, when I came back from school, I forgot to cross the threshold when I entered the house. As a result, I tripped over the threshold, fell on my stomach, and injured my arm. It took many days to heal.One day, Bao saw him wearing a "Japanese monk's clothes, wearing a grass crown and waving a round fan" in Zhang's Weichun Garden.The children scrambled to intercept, but Zhang Taiyan looked calm.Zhang asked Bao where he lived, and Bao told him he lived in Qixiu Compilation Bureau; Bao asked him where he lived, and he said, "I live in Gangyi Printing Office."Zhang replied: "No. I think it's the Qixiu compilation bureau for you."

Chinese people have the habit of spitting anywhere and anytime, and Zhang Taiyan is no exception.Houses in Japan are all laid with wooden floors, and people eat and sleep on the floor, so the floors are clean.When he first arrived in Japan, when Zhang Taiyan entered the room, he couldn’t say a few words. With a flick of his mouth, a mouthful of thick phlegm flew out, which surprised the Japanese next to him and made the accompanying Chinese embarrassing. In 1906, when Zhang Taiyan was released from prison, the Tongmenghui sent Deng Jiayan and Gong Lianbai to greet him. They found that Zhang had a "white face and a fat body", and both of them were "surprised that they had never seen it in their lives".It turned out that Zhang Taiyan was most afraid of bathing. After he was imprisoned, the Western guards forced him to take a bath every day, so his body became stronger.

Zhang Taiyan traveled eastward to Japan and believed that the cultural relics of Japanese clothes and hats had relics of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. After returning to Shanghai, he changed his clothes: autumn and winter constant clothes robes, covered with a wide kimono; Four to five inches long, combed left and right, with drooping forehead, neither ancient nor modern, neither Chinese nor Western.He saw that the Japanese embroidered family crests on their kimonos, so he imitated the Japanese family crests and embroidered a big round stamp "Han" on his kimono to show that he was a Han Chinese.He wore this kimono until after the Revolution of 1911.After being placed under house arrest by Yuan Shikai, he decided to go on a hunger strike to protest, and specially sent this "Han family kimono" to his wife Tang Guoli in Shanghai as a souvenir.

Zhang Taiyan hardly has the ability to take care of himself. When he was in Japan, he often messed up his clothes, shoes and socks. Fujianese Lin Shishuang (that is, Lin Wen, one of the 72 martyrs of the Huanghuagang Uprising) often tidied things up for him. lest he should not be found. During Zhang Taiyan's stay in Shanghai, his concubine Wang was not around, and no one would wash his clothes for him, so he simply didn't change or wash his clothes.His clothes are always shiny and shiny. From a distance, they look like silk and satin, but when you look closely, you can see that they are old and dirty.It is said that Zhang Taiyan took refuge in Japan for more than three years and never changed his clothes or bedding!He has nasal polyps in his nose, has been suffering from shortness of breath for many years, and has a constant runny nose, but he does it rashly. Whenever the snot comes out, he will wave his sleeves and wipe the snot with his sleeves.

After Zhang Taiyan cut his braids and hair, he saw that a friend had a suit, so he borrowed it to wear it.It's a pity that although the suit is good, it is someone else's property. After returning it, I have to wear the old clothes again.But now that he had cut his braids to show his ambition, he no longer wanted to wear the long robes and jackets of the Qing Dynasty, so his clothes became "weird".Ma Xulun recalled that in summer, he would often "wear a light green gauze shirt topless, and his skirt was connected with two leg straps. The straps should not be tight, and he would always hold his trousers by hand, if he was afraid of falling. Zhang Zhang gave a speech in Zhangyuan, and under the watchful eyes of everyone, he also lifted his trousers.

There is a description about Zhang Taiyan at that time: "Wearing half a long gown in the middle of summer, walking barefoot on the shoes, walking around the thoroughfare, people think it is crazy. When you go to a friend's place, you don't wait for an invitation. Trousers... His clothes are torn, and his sleeves are often full of dirt. One year he gave a speech at sea, and when he talked about it, he wiped his tears with the corner of his sleeve. He didn't like to take a bath all the year round, but he was nearly seventy years old, and his spirit was not bad. Knowledge can nourish Human? It’s so different.”

Once, his family members saw something bulging on the instep of Zhang Taiyan's shoes, so they asked him to take off his shoes and found that Zhang was wearing socks with the backs of his socks turned upside down.Because the traditional hand-knitted socks do not distinguish between the bottom and the machine-woven socks, Zhang wears the traditional hand-knitted socks, and he wears them as soon as he picks them up, without distinguishing which side is the top. After Zhang Taiyan cut his braids, he could travel freely in the concession, but he was in danger of being arrested by the Qing government when he left the concession.So he put a long fake braid in his hat, but he didn't want to imitate others and sew the fake braid into the hat, but embed it in the brim of the hat. It fell and attracted the attention of passers-by.Once, someone made a bet that Zhang Taiyan would lose a banquet if his braids did not fall from a certain place to a certain place, but no one dared to bet.

Zhang Taiyan was afraid of washing his face, and he was even more afraid of taking a bath. His fingernails were very long, and the nails were full of dirt.It is said that Zhang Taiyan claimed to take a bath only once in three months.When he was traveling and giving lectures, his wife often asked his followers to change and wash his clothes at any time. He often quarreled with his followers because of this, thinking that it was interfering with his personal freedom.But the entourage did not show any weakness. After getting his wife's order, he was confident and often used coercive means to make him change his clothes.

When Zhang Taiyan was imprisoned by Yuan Shikai, he wanted to escape. After he called Liu Chengyu, Wu Zongci and others to explain his thoughts, everyone felt embarrassed and did not say a word.Zhang proudly said: "I know you are all poor ghosts. You have no money to buy tickets for me. I have money. You see." This amount of money is definitely not enough to travel back to Shanghai. It is said that at the beginning of 1914, Zhang Taiyan got rid of Yuan Shikai's plainclothes surveillance and asked someone to buy a train ticket to leave Beijing.Before leaving, Zhang Yue, directors of the Republican Party Headquarters Zhang Bolie, Zhang Daxin, Wu Zongci and others, came to honor him.Zhang, Wu and others had already been bought by Yuan, but because it was not easy to dissuade them, in order to delay the time, they held a banquet pretending to be Zhang's farewell.During the banquet, everyone drank heavily, and someone proposed to "swear at Yuan" as the drinking order. Zhang Taiyan was overjoyed, and scolded while drinking. As a result, he drank too much and missed the time to get on the bus. In Zhang Taiyan's study room, the walls are full of books, with no furnishings, no gaps, even bookshelves above and below the windows.Zhang often wakes up in the middle of the night and suddenly remembers a certain book or something, that is, he gets up and reads it on the bookshelf. , only to see him standing dumbly with a scroll, shaped like a wooden chicken.Therefore, Zhang Taiyan often catches a cold, and when he catches a cold, he has a long runny nose. When Zhang Taiyan was at Soochow University, he once sat in a teahouse with his colleague Huang Ren, only to realize that he hadn’t brought any money when he checked out.After discussing with each other, the two decided to keep Zhang as a hostage, and Huang went back to collect the money.Unexpectedly, after the yellow man returned home, he happened to receive a book from a friend. He flipped through it and was so engrossed in reading it that he forgot the chapter. When Zhang Taiyan ate, he only ate the vegetables in front of him. "Although his food is the abbot of sea and land, his chopsticks are only one or two utensils at present" (Ma Xulun).So the family put his favorite dishes in front of him.If the family doesn't let him go, he won't go to the distance to pick up vegetables by himself, but just eat a few bowls of white rice.Zhang Taiyan eats very quickly, "a square mouth can hold a fist, and one yu can eat it in three mouths" (Zhu Jingzhou's words).Because of nasal polyps, Zhang Taiyan can only breathe through his mouth, even when eating.Therefore, rice grains often enter the trachea, Zhang Taiyan doesn't care about it, and sneezes at the dining table, and the rice grains splash everywhere, but Zhang Taiyan "looks calm and treats nothing." Zhang Taiyan was not particular about eating. People in the south often eat fish. Zhang Taiyan was born in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, but he didn't know how to remove the bones of fish, so he often ate them together.When he was in exile in Japan, Zhang often ate "salt rice" (white rice with salt) due to financial constraints. "When he was forty-four years old in Tokyo... rice was served with fried tofu with garlic alone." When Zhang Taiyan was under house arrest in Longquan Temple, the chef asked him what dishes to cook. He could only come up with two dishes: steamed eggs and steamed ham. Because these two kinds are often eaten in the south, he couldn’t name the others.So, after that, Chef Dun Dun cooked these two dishes; after that, he was placed under house arrest in Qianliang Alley, and the same was true.The "steamed ham" here is not the steamed ham in the south. The chef steams it with slices of Beijing clear sauce meat, and Zhang agrees. Zhang Taiyan studied Buddhism intensively. When he was young, he wanted to go to India to become a monk. He sought capital from Duanfang, but failed to make the trip. In his middle age, he was tricked to go to Mount Emei for his ordination, and two rows of incense scars were burned on the top of his head. Zhang Taiyan would eat all the things he likes in one sitting.In the spring of a certain year, the abbot of Zhaoqing Temple in Hangzhou visited Zhang Taiyan in Shanghai and brought him a basket of famous "Fang Persimmon" in Hangzhou.Zhang Taiyan ate six in one go. If Tang Guoli hadn't stopped him, he would have eaten the whole basket. Ma Xulun said that Zhang Taiyan, the teacher, "has the only wisdom in reading, but he has never learned about people and the world." Zhang Taiyan didn't know the way, and he couldn't return home when he went out.Sometimes when he went out dozens of steps to buy a pack of cigarettes, he couldn’t return home as soon as he turned around, and he asked the way along the way, which made people feel ridiculous: “Where is my home?” When Zhang Taiyan was in Japan, he often went to Sun Yat-sen's house not far from the "Minbao" newspaper office to chat with Sun Yat-sen, Hu Hanmin, Wang Jingwei and others.He walked back and forth for several months on the road from the newspaper office to Sun's house, but he still didn't know each other.One day, he returned to the newspaper office from Sun's house alone, and went to a Japanese family.Afterwards, everyone in the newspaper office saw that he hadn't come back, and they searched everywhere to find him. Tang Guoli, Zhang Taiyan's wife, recalled that after Zhang Taiyan married her, he often communicated with Sun Yat-sen, Liao Zhongkai, Su Manshu and others.Once, the Sun family's car was out of business, and Zhang got into a rickshaw by himself when he went out.The coachman asked, "Where are you going?" Zhang pointed forward and said, "Home!" The coachman then pulled the cart forward.After pulling him for a distance, the driver asked again, "Where do you live?" Zhang said, "In the alley on the road, there is a paper shop at the entrance of the alley." Go around in circles.The person from the Sun family who accompanied Zhang was looking for another rickshaw to go with him. When he found Zhang, he had disappeared, so he called Zhang's family to inquire.Knowing that Zhang hadn't returned home, the Sun family and Zhang's family were so anxious that they sent people to look for him, and finally found him near the big world. They found him sitting in the car looking forward to face him, so they stopped him and sent him home. Once, Zhang Taiyan went alone to buy books in Laiqing Pavilion on Sanma Road, and took a rickshaw when he went.When I arrived at Laiqing Pavilion, I read it for a long time, but didn't buy a book, so I called another rickshaw to go home.The coachman asked him where he was going, but he just pointed to the west, but he still couldn't tell the address of his home.After pulling the driver for a long time, he asked him, "Sir, what exactly are you thinking?" Zhang Taiyan said, "I am Zhang Taiyan, and people call him crazy. Everyone in Shanghai knows where I live, don't you?" The driver shook his head frequently. , had no choice but to pull him back to the Green Pavilion. One day, Zhang Taiyan returned home early in the morning after talking with the poet Moses all night.This time he found his way home, but by mistake entered the neighbor's bedroom.Because of the extreme sleepiness, he fell on the bed and fell asleep with his head covered.The young woman next door went shopping in the morning, and when she came back, she saw Zhang lying on her bed, and was startled.Fortunately, the neighbors knew him as Zhang Taiyan, so they woke him up and sent him back to Zhang's house.Zhang Taiyan didn't know why when he woke up, he said very unhappy: "I am sleeping very soundly, why do you disturb people's dreams?" Zhang Taiyan has no concept of money. Zhou Li'an recalled: "Zhang Taiyan asked his servant to buy a pack of cigarettes and gave him five yuan. His son made a coat and gave him five yuan. Even when he was building a house in Suzhou, he still took out five yuan. To Zhang Taiyan In other words, a banknote has one use.” When I was giving lectures at the Shanghai Patriotic Society, because Zhang Taiyan never took a shower or had a haircut, a friend couldn’t stand it, so he forced him to go to the barbershop for a haircut every month, and he didn’t pay for the haircut. The friend had to pay the bill for him, for a long time.Once a few friends got together, and the friend who paid the money came. Zhang Taiyan asked others who this person was, and the others shouted strangely: "He has paid for your haircut for so long, you don't even know who he is." have no idea?" When Zhang Taiyan went to Shanghai to marry Tang Guoli, he brought with him a total of 7,000 yuan in cash from the salary accumulated during his tenure as frontier envoys in the three eastern provinces and congratulatory gifts from relatives and friends in Beijing and other places.After arriving in Shanghai, his relatives and friends all went to visit him after hearing the news. A Suzhou native who worked in the Shanghai press told Zhang that it was inconvenient to carry the 7,000 yuan in cash with him, so it would be better to deposit it in the bank.Zhang then agreed and handed over the bag of banknotes to his depository bank.Afterwards, Qian gave Zhang Taiyan a passbook of 3,500 yuan, and said that the bank staff counted it face to face, and it was only 3,500 yuan.Zhang had nothing to do but to be dumbfounded. In April 1913, because Zhang Taiyan expressed his affection for Li Yuanhong, he said everywhere that Li was the president. In order to buy Zhang, Yuan Shikai ordered him to be awarded a second-class honor, and said to Zhang: "The emperor of Qing abdicated and the revolution succeeded. , now he lives in a dignified place, lives in a bungalow, and his children are wealthy, and his wish has been fulfilled. But you are still intact. Recently, the southern newspapers have slandered Yu Duo, saying that Yu will restore the monarchy and confuse people's hearts. Now I specially grant you a check for 40,000 yuan In fact, you only need to embellish it at your discretion on the grounds of allowances to the major newspapers in Shanghai. Most of the rest can be freely disposed of by you.” Yuan knew that Zhang Taiyan was confused, so he told him that the 40,000 yuan was at his disposal, but in the end Zhang Taiyan still paid for it. Did not get the money.When he returned to Shanghai with the money, Zhang Jian immediately came to his door and said, "I heard that Yuan Xiangcheng allocated 40,000 yuan to you to run a newspaper. The "Great Republic News" published by the Republican Party in Shanghai today "The funds are running out, you can give me the 40,000 yuan to maintain it. This is in line with Yuan Xiangcheng's requirements for running a newspaper in Shanghai, and you don't need to worry about it. Now you and I are both founders of the Republican Party. Republic Daily, it is exactly what it needs." Zhang Taiyan didn't know what to do when he heard it, and finally had to reluctantly hand over the money to Zhang Jian, and Tang Guoli, who was watching it, was very distressed. When Zhang Taiyan's family lived in Shanghai, they were in financial distress and were stretched thin.But Zhang Taiyan has no concept of money and is confused, so he doesn't take life problems to heart, and his wife Tang Guoli takes care of all family affairs.Because Tang Chang had no rice to cook, he often asked Zhang Taiyan's disciple Chen Cunren to borrow money.Once, Tang Guoli asked Chen Cunren to go to a pawn shop to pawn things, but Chen refused, saying that his mother had taught him, "You will never go to court in your life, and you will never be pawned in your life."Tang Guoli had no choice but to ask Chen what to do, and Chen recommended his classmate Zhang Cigong who was studying medicine.From then on, Zhang Cigong also became a disciple of Zhangmen, and many similar things were handled by Zhang Cigong. On the Mid-Autumn Festival in 1929, the landlord came to collect rent, saying that the Zhang family owed 20 months of rent and asked them to move out.Tang Guoli had no choice but to revise a book and asked Chen Cunren to borrow money from his friend Dong Kang; Dong Kang immediately wrote two banknotes for people to bring back.Thanks to Dong's loan, Zhang paid off the rent and moved to No. 25, Tongfuli, Tongfu Road.The cost of relocation will be borne by the owner of Duo Yunxuan.When he moved, Zhang had few furniture and utensils, but he had nearly 8,000 woodblock books. Zhang Taiyan lived in Shanghai in his later years. Once he went to Suzhou on business, someone advised him to settle here and introduced him to buy a house.There is a building in front of the house, and a few trees are planted in the yard.Zhang Taiyan walked over with his hands behind his back, nodded and said, "Yes, there are buildings." He went into the yard and looked, "Yes, there are trees!" He stopped looking behind and negotiated with people directly.Seeing that he was satisfied, this person asked for 15,000 yuan, which was much higher than the market price.But Zhang Taiyan felt so sorry that he even offered to increase the price, and finally sold it for 17,000 yuan!Tang Guoli rushed over after hearing the news, but she couldn't stop her. Zhang had already completed the deal with someone.Tang also found that there was a textile factory next to the yard, and the machine was rumbling non-stop every morning, making the house unlivable at all.No matter whether the house was sold or rented, no one cared about it, so it had to be vacant, and someone had to be paid to guard it.And they can only buy land and build new houses. Zhang Taiyan didn't know beauty all his life, and he didn't know how to appreciate beauty.He has never traveled to mountains and rivers. When someone invited him to travel to mountains, he said that he didn't know what mountains were, and he couldn't arouse his interest. When the abbot of Zhaoqing Temple in Hangzhou came to visit Zhang Taiyan, he politely asked Zhang Taiyan to live in the temple for a while, and Zhang Bian took it seriously.After the abbot left, he clamored to go to Hangzhou immediately.He found an old exam basket used by scholars to take the exam, put two books, a hookah and a pack of shredded tobacco in it, and was about to go on the road, and let Chen Cunren and Zhang Cigong go with him.Tang Guoli had no choice but to raise 20 yuan to go with her, and the four of them went straight to Zhaoqing Temple.After arriving in the temple, people came to ask for words every day, and hosted banquets for them. Zhang Taiyan often swallowed food without chewing, and often felt uncomfortable after eating, so he had to decline the banquet.Instead, the visitors presented souvenirs, so Zhang Taiyan's bedside and under the bed were piled with food, and Zhang Yiran was overjoyed.Zhang Taiyan gave lectures in Hangzhou, and there was an endless stream of visitors. One day, a man surnamed Shen brought two teenagers from his family to visit his teacher. After Zhang Taiyan asked the two of them what they usually learned, he thought that the children could be taught.Shen immediately paid "Zhi Jing" (apprenticeship fee) 200 yuan.The newspaper immediately reported that Zhang was recruiting disciples in Hangzhou, but he didn't expect to attract a large number of students to come to apprentice.Zhang accepted more than 20 apprentices in Hangzhou this time, and received "Zhi Jing" more than 1,000 yuan.Tang Guoli was very happy, and didn't expect that the trip to Hangzhou would yield unexpected gains.Later, people from Shanghai came to say that Zhang's family had been stolen, and Tang Guoli said that the family had nothing, so it was okay to steal.But after Zhang Taiyan heard this, he hurried back to Shanghai, and said to the students: "In the future, I will give lectures and live in Shanghai instead." After returning to Shanghai, Tang Guoli was inspired by the apprenticeship in Hangzhou, and planned to open Zhang's Lecture Society. Accept disciples and publicly raise funds.Zhang Xueliang first donated 3,000 yuan in silver, and Sun Chuanfang also sent someone to send 2,000 yuan, and received a total of about 20,000 yuan.For these, Zhang Taiyan doesn't care.
Press "Left Key ←" to return to the previous chapter; Press "Right Key →" to enter the next chapter; Press "Space Bar" to scroll down.
Chapters
Chapters
Setting
Setting
Add
Return
Book