Chapter 113 to preach

In the classroom in Tsinghua Garden, Chen Yinke proposed the topic as soon as the class was in class, and then unfolded it layer by layer. Whenever he got absorbed in it, he closed his eyes and talked endlessly. Sometimes when the bell rang after class, he was still immersed in the sea of ​​learning Explain with all your heart.In each class, new materials are used to confirm old news, or new insights are found in historical books that ordinary people have seen, so as to show future learning.The outstanding opinions of Western scholars are also cited one by one.Sometimes there are many foreign languages ​​quoted, and it is difficult for students to understand and distinguish. Chen Yinke writes out the quotations one by one on the blackboard, reads the sound, and knocks out the meaning. Only then will the disciples know what Sanskrit is, what Russian and other languages ​​are.Because Chen's lectures were unconventional and there must be new explanations every time, the students listened with great interest, and Chen Yinke's reputation grew. Some university professors and teachers and students from other schools also came to listen to the lectures.

According to Lan Mengbo, Chen Yinke's apprentice, said to Chen Zhesan: "Mr. Chen's lectures seem to be insufficient for his classmates. He does not need to speak Latin for the dead scripts, such as Sanskrit, Pali, Manchu, Mongolian, and so on. There are many Tibetan, Turkic, Xixia and Chinese Persian languages, not to mention English, French, German, Russian, Japanese, Greek, and even Hungarian Magyar. In class, we often He didn’t understand. Once he wrote it, oh! Only then did he know which is German and which is Sanskrit, but he can only fully understand it by asking its sound and knocking its meaning. Wu Mi and Zhu Ziqing often come to listen to the lectures. In his study, there are all kinds of books from various countries. There are books everywhere, and we have to move and move before we can sit down when we go in.” He also said: (Chen Yinke) “When I lecture on weekdays, every word is fine gold and jade. Not worthy of being his student. Every time I go to his house, I always bring a few brochures with me, and the servants bring tea and fruits. Sometimes my husband also teaches us to drink wine. What, where did it first appear, when did it spread to where, what did it become called, and so on, from the traces of the evolution of writing in various countries, to see the path of its spread. We all recorded these words in the booklet."

Mr. Zhou Yiliang said in his reminiscence article that when he was studying at Yenching Research Institute in the 1930s, he heard his classmates praise Mr. Chen Yinke’s accomplishments in Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang historiography, so he listened to Mr. Chen’s class and felt deeply: “...the reason why Mr. Chen’s lectures are There should be reasons why we students from other schools are particularly impressed...Mr. Chen always speaks out a reason when he talks about problems, that is, he not only carefully and carefully researches the 'how' of something, but also often tells the 'why' ', it sounds deep and more persuasive." "Mr. Chen is good at seeing the big from the small, and although he has not written such works as "A Brief Discussion on the Origin of the Sui and Tang Dynasties" and "The Political History of the Tang Dynasty" in the study of the history of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. "Manuscripts" that look at the overall situation and establish a framework, but in addition to the economic aspect, many important issues in many important aspects have been touched.

When Jiang Liangfu was in Tsinghua University, he wrote an article criticizing Rong Geng and published it in the "Journal of Yenching". Rong Geng sent this article to Chen Yinke for reading.Chen Yinke said to Jiang Liangfu: "You spend so much energy criticizing others, why don't you focus on establishing your own research work." Jiang Liangfu was shocked when he heard this, and he was not willing to write critical articles since then. In the spring of 1939, Oxford University hired Chen Yinke as a professor of Sinology and awarded him the title of Fellow of the Royal Society.Unaccustomed to the climate of the Kunming Plateau, Chen Yinke often fell ill and wanted to reunite with his family living in Hong Kong, so he decided to leave the United Nations University to give lectures in the UK in the summer.Wu Mi specially bid farewell at Haitang Spring in Kunming City, which was the Dragon Boat Festival, and Wu Mi presented a poem saying: "The national mourning has been mourning for a thousand years, and Neimei Xiuneng and others will not donate."Zepan's singing is still clear, and the clouds fly in the clouds to make Hu Tian miserable.Zhu Yanmingzhu Yiyi tears, in troubled times, the body is insignificant.The scriptures passed down in Liaohai are not left-handed, living in seclusion, worrying about dealing with vulgarity.

When he was in Southwest Associated University, Chen Yinke lived in the Qingyuan Academy in Dihua Lane.Every class, Chen Yinke walked more than one mile to the school.Chen Yinke is still the same as in Tsinghua Garden. Every time he goes to class, he rushes to the classroom with a piece of calico or black cloth wrapped in a large bag of books. He is always sweaty, but he is never late.Some students couldn't bear to see the teacher who was blind in one eye working so hard, and offered to meet him and help him get the books, but Chen Yinke refused.A student recalled: "Mr. Chen was meticulous in class. Most of the time, he copied two blackboards full of materials, and then closed his eyes to speak. He always gave his lectures into an academic or historical context created by himself. I forgot all about it. One day, as soon as the first foot stepped into the door, and it was still far from the blackboard, Master Chen began to narrate what he said last time... Then he approached the table, placed the bundle of books, and sat down I sat on an armchair facing the blackboard with my back facing the students. After talking for a long time, I seemed to find that the seat was not in the right direction, so I started to stand up and turn the chair around, and made a smile. Sometimes I closed my eyes and talked, talking endlessly."

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Chen Yinke applied again to teach at Oxford University, and went to London to treat his eyes. After being diagnosed and treated by British doctors, the operation was not only ineffective, but the eye disease worsened. Finally, he was diagnosed as a foregone conclusion of blindness.Feeling disappointed, Yin Ke resigned the engagement, so he returned to the motherland in 1949, taught at Tsinghua University, and continued to engage in academic research. When Chen Yinke gives lectures, he always sits upright and speaks. What he talks about is all about the grand purpose, and he has no gossip. Fake.Although the lectures are mostly straightforward, the listeners don't feel boring.

Chen Yinke also pays attention to natural inspiration in his lectures, focusing on new discoveries.Students are only guided in research, never named, and never have quizzes; even the big exams are only held in accordance with the school's regulations, and no one fails.He often said that the question-and-answer written test is not the best way to observe students' knowledge, so every time he asks students to write short essays instead of the big test.But Chen Yinke also emphasized: To write a thesis, you must have new materials or new insights. If the materials and insights are useless, then there is no benefit to writing a thesis.

Ji Xianlin wrote "Recalling Mr. Chen Yinke" and wrote: I listened to Mr. Yinke's "Buddhist Scripture Translation Literature".The reference book is "Six Patriarch Altar Sutra", which I bought in a big temple in the city.Teacher Yin Ke lectures, just like he writes articles, first writes the necessary materials on the blackboard, and then explains, researches, analyzes and synthesizes according to the materials, paying special attention to place names and personal names.His analysis is as detailed as a banana leaf, and the more you peel it, the thinner it gets, the deeper it gets. However, with a spirit of seeking truth from facts, he is not arbitrary, exaggerating, or distorting, and keeps taking meaning out of context. He seems to guide us on the hillside, Twisting and twisting, mountains and rivers returning, willows and flowers are bright, and finally suddenly enlightened, leading us to the Yangguan Avenue.Reading his articles and listening to his lectures is simply a kind of enjoyment, an incomparable enjoyment. … Teacher Yinke’s style of study has influenced my whole life.

When Chen Yinke was teaching at Tsinghua University, not only professors from Tsinghua University such as Zhu Ziqing, Wu Mi, Liu Wendian and students from various departments often came to attend lectures, but also Peking University students and young teachers from far away in the city came out in groups, walked out of the ancient city, passed through Xizhimen, ran Went to Tsinghua Garden in the northwest suburbs dozens of miles away from the city to "eavesdrop" on Chen Yinke's lectures.According to the memories of students who have attended Chen's class, if you go from the city of Beiping to Tsinghua University, it is like a short trip, which takes a lot of trouble.Dozens of miles along the way are all farmlands one after another. In autumn, green gauze tents are erected, and there are still green forest people blocking the road to rob, and even take risks by killing people and stealing goods.Teachers and students who went to attend lectures have encountered robbers blocking the road several times. Thanks to the large number of people and their own self-defense devices such as wooden sticks and iron weapons in their hands, the other party dared not act rashly.Even so, Peking teachers and students are willing to venture out of the city to personally listen to Chen Yinke's swan song of the Sanskrit music that comes from the sky when he is in class.Compared with the remoteness of Peking University in the city, the students and teachers near Yenching University have the convenience of time and place. They can reach the Tsinghua lecture hall in a short trot. meal.There is no free lunch in the world of people, but it is an exception here in Chen Yinke.

In Tsinghua, Chen Yinke was a famous professor.In addition to the students from the history and Chinese departments of the school attending the lectures, there are also off-campus auditors.Zhou Yiliang, who was studying in Yenching at the time, recalled: “I went from Yanjing to Tsinghua University to attend (actually eavesdrop on, because there is no need to go through any procedures) Mr. Chen’s class, and I felt that it was very different from the Chinese and foreign history classes I listened to before. It’s as if it’s brilliant now, and I’m in admiration. At that time, Yu Xun and Yu Gang, who worked at the Institute of History of the Academia Sinica (both passed away), went to lectures together. We young people like Peking Opera very much. Afterwards, they often discussed and said: It’s really enjoyable! It’s like listening to Yang Xiaolou’s masterpiece again!” Luo Xianglin also recalled: “Mr. Chen’s love for students is really meticulous. They are all moving towards specialized research and gradually making new discoveries, and they are also very concerned about the daily life of the students, and even the employment situation after graduation."

In 1946, when Chen Yinke returned to Tsinghua University from Europe, he was blind.Lei Haizong, the head of the history department, advised him to rest for a while, but he refused to listen, and asked to teach a class in the Chinese department as well.Wang Yongxing, Lei Haizong's assistant, advised him: "One class is hard enough, why not take it in the Chinese department?" He said seriously: "I get the salary of the country, how can I not work?" Send Lei Hai away Zong, Chen Yinke immediately ordered Wang Yongxing, a disciple who was present at the time, to inform the history department and the Chinese department to open a class, and act immediately without any mistakes.Lei Haizong couldn't bear to see a blind old man running back and forth, so he thought of a compromise method and asked the students to attend classes in Chen's house, and Chen Yinke agreed.Many years later, Wang Yongxing recalled affectionately to Chen Yinke's practice: "What moved me was his simple and firm language. He didn't say what a teacher should be. Much wiser than those many words. Today, as a teacher, although I have little knowledge, I still have to teach two courses every semester because I always think of the teacher’s teaching like this, so I dare not slack off.” Regarding the process of class, Wang Yongxing once recalled: "At that time, the class was at Mr. Yinke's house, and there were usually twenty or thirty students. Before the class, he appointed me to write historical materials on the blackboard. What materials I wrote, I told him one by one. Without materials, he never gave lectures. After the materials on the two blackboards were finished, I wrote again. After the lectures, he often asked me if the students would accept what I said. ?He often asks me to seek the opinions of the students, and then revise the lecture draft. Mr. Chen’s lectures are superb, easy to understand, and fascinating, and behind this is his hard work in preparing lessons. He starts classes every year, and prepares and lectures like this every year .” When Chen Yinke taught his experience in historical research, he often said: "The most important thing is to prove historical facts based on historical records or other materials, understand historical facts, and have new understandings or new views on historical facts. performance." His students once recalled: "When Master Chen was talking about historical research, he often said: It is relatively easy for us to prove that there is any record or recounting of historical development left by the predecessors. Because as long as one or two other records can be found as circumstantial evidence, it can be proved to be "existing". It is really not easy to prove that it is "no", so be careful. Because if you only check One or two kinds of related documents are not "existent", that is still not certain, because the information is difficult to complete, although all the existing documents have been checked, Anzhi still has undiscovered or will be found in the underground. The data found can still prove that it is not 'nothing'?"