Chapter 103 Shenhu

At noon on June 1, 1927, because it was time for another class of students to graduate, a farewell meeting for teachers and students was scheduled to be held on this day.Yao Mingda was in charge of the rally.There were a total of four tables in the banquet, and the teachers and students were informal, and laughter filled the entire I-shaped hall.But Yao Mingda found that the table where Wang Guowei was sitting was silent, and Yao Mingda was slightly puzzled: "I don't know why Mr. Xi feels unhappy? Or is Mr. Xi not good at eloquence?" But there are also records that Wang Guowei talked about Mongolian trivia for his classmates at the banquet.Since Wang Guowei accepted the teaching position of Tsinghua University in 1925, he has changed his focus on Northwest Geography and Yuan History, and has written a lot in the past two years.Wang Guowei is from Haining, Zhejiang Province. He has not changed his accent all the time. It is difficult for others to understand his words, so everyone listens attentively.Wang Guowei, who was usually very quiet, seemed to be very interested at this time. The students were very impressed, and felt that the teacher was in his prime, with profound knowledge and interest in academics. If he could continue to be taught in the future, he would definitely benefit a lot.During the meeting, some students sighed because of the turmoil in the current situation, but it did not affect the atmosphere of the whole party.

At the end of the banquet, Liang Qichao stood up and gave a speech to everyone. After describing the outstanding achievements of the students of the Academy of Chinese Studies, he said with satisfaction: "If we continue to work hard, our school will undoubtedly become a center of Chinese studies." Everyone quietly Listening carefully, Wang Guowei also nodded frequently after listening. After Liang Qichao delivered his speech, he said: "The party army has arrived in Zhengzhou, and I will rush to Tianjin. It is hard to say when we will meet in the future!" When I received the phone call, Zhang Ziliang was defeated, Beijing is about to change, and I will go to Tianjin immediately." After Liang Qichao finished speaking, everyone turned pale with shock.Wang Guowei happened to be sitting at the same table with Wei Juxian, and he remembered the topic of the previous few days, so he asked Wei Juxian, "How is Shanxi?" Wei replied, "Shanxi is very good."

The second graduation ceremony and farewell meeting for teachers and students held by Tsinghua Academy of Chinese Studies ended in this way.After the meeting, Wang Guowei said goodbye to all the students.After the meeting, Wang Guowei followed Chen Yinke to Chen's house in the South Courtyard, and talked until evening before getting up and walking to his own home.What they talked about this time is unknown, but I am afraid it cannot be separated from the Northern Expedition and the question of where to go. Soon after the meeting ended, Yao Mingda traveled in Langrun Garden with his classmates Zhu Guangfu and Feng Guorui.On the way back, Zhu Guangfu suddenly said, "Where does Mr. Wang live? I haven't been there yet. How about going to see it together?"When they arrived at Wang Guowei's home, there was no one in the study. They asked their servants to call the South Yard to ask if Wang Guowei was at Chen Yinke's house.The answer is yes, and he is about to return to his study.When Wang Guowei came back, the three of them sat in his study and asked many questions. Wang Guowei's answers were refined as usual.An hour passed before they knew it, and the Wang family had already set up dinner. They got up to leave, and Wang Guowei sent them to the yard as usual.

In the evening, Bo Sheng and Xie Guozhen went to Wang Guowei's residence, asked Wang Guowei about the origin of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, and talked about the gains and losses of a certain Japanese scholar in the study of Ganzhi.During the conversation, when it came to the current situation, Wang Guowei immediately showed a gloomy expression, and expressed his idea of ​​avoiding chaos and emigrating to them.None of them thought that this was the last conversation Wang Guowei had with his classmates. At this time, someone mischievously made up a list of a group of people to be dealt with after the Northern Expeditionary Army entered the city in Beijing's "World Daily", and Wang Guowei's name was impressively among them!But who knows who gave this newspaper to Wang Guowei to read it!

Jiang Fucong's "Reminiscence of Mr. Wang Jing'an who passed away fifty years ago" also mentioned that Wang Guowei believed that Liang Qichao's news was the most well-informed. Liang Qichao said that the revolutionary army was about to arrive in Beijing. The news could not be wrong.He Shiji, a student of the research institute, came from the city at this time, and brought a message from Shen Jianshi and Ma Heng of Peking University, urging Wang Guowei to enter the city and live in their home. Wang Guowei cut off the braids on his head, and most of the students in the research institute advised him to go to the city to take refuge temporarily, but Wang Guowei said, "I have my own way." Probably at this time, Wang Guowei had already made up his mind to commit suicide .

The next day, when the sky was light, Wang Guowei got up as usual. Mrs. Pan carefully braided and braided his hair, washed him up, and had breakfast with his third son Zhenming and daughter Dongming who were at home at the time.After finishing the meal, I went to the study to tidy up for a while, then went out alone to the office of the research institute. At about eight o'clock, Wang Guowei went to the office and saw Mr. Hou Houpei, a colleague from the office of the institute, there. Only then did he realize that he hadn't brought the student's transcripts that had been corrected, so he asked the servants in the institute to get them at home.Then, I discussed with Hou Houpei about enrolling students for the next semester.After the conversation, Wang Guowei asked Hou to lend him two yuan, but Hou didn't have any change, so he gave him a five-yuan bill.Wang Guowei has never managed money. At that time, Tsinghua University paid him 400 yuan per month, which was already considered a high-income class. However, after he received his salary, he handed it over to Mrs. Pan for distribution. He never carried money with him, only to buy books. Only then will I ask my wife for it.

After eleven in the morning, Lu Kanru came to ask Wei Juxian to go to Wang Guowei's office to see Mr. Wang, and asked Wang Guowei to sign for him.They went together, but did not find Wang Guowei.They thought that Wang Guowei might have gone to the bathroom, and they hadn't seen him come back after waiting for a long time. It was already lunch time, and they left the office to have lunch.After lunch, Wang Guowei's family called the office and asked why Wang Guowei hadn't returned home for dinner?At this time, people became anxious. Zhao Wanli immediately asked the people at the door if they saw Wang Guowei. A rickshaw driver said, "Mr. Wang is going west by car." go together.After arriving at the gate of the Summer Palace, the gatekeeper of the Summer Palace said: "An old man committed suicide by jumping into the lake."

Zhao Wanli and Wei Juxian went in and saw Wang Guowei's body had been placed under the pavilion by the lake.A pavilion sweeper said: "This old man sat on the stone boat for a long time, smoking cigarettes non-stop. He went to the lake and walked around. I didn't pay attention when I was sweeping the floor. I heard a plop and disappeared. I ran to By the lake, I saw him jumping into the water, I jumped in too, and carried him up, he was already dead." The water was only two feet deep, but when Wang Guowei threw himself into the water head first, his mouth and nose were blocked by mud. Although the gardener quickly rescued Wang Guowei, because he did not know first aid, Wang Guowei Still suffocated.At this time, the clothes he was wearing inside were not wet yet.

On June 2, 1927 (the third day of the fifth lunar month in the old calendar), Wang Guowei sank himself in Kunming Lake in the Summer Palace, which shocked the academic circle! Wang Zhenming, Wang Guowei's third son, also described the process of Wang Guowei's suicide in a letter to his second brother Gao Ming: "... Father came to the office at 8 o'clock the day before yesterday, as usual, and at about 9 o'clock, suddenly I borrowed three yuan from other people, but this person did not have any foreign currency, so I borrowed one or five yuan banknotes. After that, I hired a foreign car and went to the Summer Palace. I bought a ticket to enter, and went to the Kunming Lake where the Buddha Xiangge Paiyun was. Water. There was a scavenger about four feet away. Seeing someone throwing water, he jumped into the water immediately and rescued him ashore. But although he didn’t drink the water, he was out of breath. He didn’t drink any water after entering the water for at least a minute, because There is no rescue because of the age relationship....At three o'clock, I haven't seen him back yet, so my brother went to look for it. Later, I heard a rickshaw driver say that I took a car to Yihe. At about five o'clock, my brother also took a rickshaw to the garden. On the way, I met a rickshaw that had left earlier (the driver of the rickshaw that my younger brother was riding on knew this driver), and a patrolman was on board. When I saw this, I knew it was not a good omen. But it was as expected. After the patrolman asked my brother's name, he led him inside to recognize it. Tomorrow, go back to the police station to file a case. The news reached the school at about seven o'clock."

That afternoon, among the students of the Academy of Chinese Studies, there was faint news of Wang Guowei's disappearance, but no one thought about anything else, only thinking that he might have gone to seek refuge.In the evening, the Zhejiang Alumni Association sent off the graduates. They invited Wang Guowei, because usually he was not willing to attend the social banquets in the school. Even if he did not come, it would not arouse any suspicion from others.When the banquet was about to end, a person came in and invited Cao Yunxiang outside to whisper.After a while, Cao Yunxiang came back and announced to everyone: "I heard that Mr. Wang Jing'an, a fellow villager, has sunk into Kunming Lake in the Summer Palace. Mr. Gai has a very close relationship with the Qing Dynasty." Hearing this, everyone was shocked.Bai Sheng and Wu Qichang immediately rushed out of the banquet hall to inquire about the news. On the way, they met Zhao Wanli. From Zhao Wanli, they confirmed the news of Wang Guowei's death. Wu Qichang couldn't help crying.

At this time, almost everyone in the school knew the news of Wang Guowei's death. The principal, dean, professors and teaching assistants of the research institute, led more than 30 students, and rushed to the Summer Palace in a car to inspect the body. .It was already around ten o'clock at night, and because it was the period of martial law, the police guarding the Summer Palace did not allow them to enter. After a long dispute, the park police allowed the principal, teaching staff and school police to enter.Wang Guowei's body was not taken back to Tsinghua University immediately, and the park police said they would wait for the court's decision.The other students had no choice but to return to school crying. In the car going back, Hou Houpei from the office of the research institute said to them: "Sir, I arrived at the school at 8 o'clock this morning, and ordered the servants of the academy to go to his private office to get the manuscripts of your grades, and we talked for a long time about the admissions for the next semester. After saying that, if you want to borrow two foreign dollars, I will give you a five-yuan bill and leave the office immediately. At about 2 o'clock in the afternoon, his family sent someone to ask why the husband did not return, and I immediately asked the servant. A foreign car, I don't know where to go. The car is the No. 35 registered in the school. So I went to the school gate and asked the driver: "Where is the thirty-five car?" At that time, his third brother Zhenming heard that the driver said: "At about ten o'clock in the morning, the master ordered him to go to the Summer Palace and reach the gate. He gave him five cents and ordered him to wait outside the gate. He didn't leave until three o'clock in the afternoon. The visitor asked why he stayed here, and the answer was that there was still an old man in the garden, so he dared not go. The visitor asked about his age, appearance, and address, and said that this person had already died in the lake, so he attracted my attention, which is true. , and report back to school as soon as possible, and I met you here. When Zhenming heard the news, he took the car and drove to Xingshi, and it was salvaged ashore by then, and stopped in Yuzaoxuan." The students from the Academy of Chinese Studies came to Wang’s house, helped Mrs. Pan to decorate the mourning hall overnight, and sent a telegram to Luo Zhenyu in Tianjin: “Master sank in the Summer Palace this morning, please act on behalf of me.” ", which is to convey to Puyi in Zhangyuan. At one o'clock in the afternoon of the next day, all the students of the Academy of Chinese Studies went to the Summer Palace. After entering the entrance, the gardener led them to the Yuzao Pavilion, where Wang Guowei's body was still parked. block of bricks.There was a gloomy look on everyone's faces, and they were silent for a long time before letting the gardener lift the mat and look at Wang Guowei's remains.The moment the gardener opened the mats, people could no longer control their emotions and immediately burst into tears.At this time, Wang Guowei had been dead for more than 20 hours, his face was swollen purple, his limbs were curled up, and he was lying on the ground, his appearance was horrible. At this time, Wang Guowei's family members and school staff had all arrived, including Chen Yinke, Wu Mi, Mei Yiqi, Liang Shuming, Chen Da, Peking University and Ma Heng, and Rong Geng from Yenching University. up.It's just that the inspector has not arrived.The weather was getting hotter and hotter, covered with overcast clouds, and I heard bursts of thunder, but fortunately it didn't rain.After four o'clock in the afternoon, the judge led the inspectors to the scene. After a brief questioning, the body was inspected, and everyone gathered around.From Wang Guowei's pocket, I found a suicide note, which was "received by Mr. Wang Zhenming, No. 18, West Courtyard", which reads as follows: "In fifty years, I only owe one death. After this incident, there is no more humiliation. I After death, you should be buried in a hasty coffin, that is, buried in Qinghua cemetery. You can't return to the south, you can also move to live in the city temporarily. You don't have to go to the funeral. Because the road is impassable, and he never went out. Books can be entrusted to Chen, Mr. Wu Er will handle it. The poor will have someone to take care of them, so they will not be unable to return to the south. Although I have no property to leave you and others, if I am cautious, diligent and thrifty, I don’t have to starve to death.” This was written by Wang Guowei in advance and put in his pocket the night before.After reading the will, the staff of the school moved Wang Guowei's body on a stretcher, supported by the students, and carried it to the three huts under the old eunuch in the inner court outside the northwest corner of the Summer Palace. funeral.After the nails jingled and nailed the lid of the coffin, Wang Guowei bid farewell to the world that had repeatedly appeared and chanted in his poems forever. At about seven or eight o'clock in the evening, the colleagues and students of the research institute held on to the plain lamps, and moved Wang Guowei's coffin to the Congo Temple in Nancheng Mansion of the school to stop.Once parked properly, sacrifices will be held. Facing Wang Guowei's body, when everyone else bowed, Chen Yinke performed the old-fashioned kneeling ceremony, and Wu Mi and the students of the research institute followed suit. Inscribed on July 17th, Wang Guowei was buried in Qijianyuan, the second mile east of Tsinghua Garden.On this day, it was raining and the road was muddy.Dozens of people below the headmaster attended the funeral, and most of the graduate students had already left the school, so only He Shiji, Jiang Yinqing (Liang Fu), Wang Li, Bi Xianghui, Bai Sheng and others went to see him off. Wang Guowei's cemetery is in a slightly higher place in Mailong. The depth is six or seven feet, the width is only three or four feet, and the length is about ten feet. Academic master, buried forever in the ground. After receiving the news of Wang Guowei's death, Luo Zhenyu made a "dying funeral" instead of Wang Guowei, and asked for a posthumous sacrifice for Wang Guowei.Because according to the rules of the Qing Dynasty, the ministers of the second rank were promoted to the first rank after their death, and they were awarded posthumous posthumous posthumous titles.Wang Guowei was just walking around the South Study Room with a five-rank salary. Even if he entered the fourth rank after him, the noble was no more than a senior doctor, and he was not qualified to be called "gong".After the 89th year of the Republic of China, in order to obtain a posthumous posthumous posthumous posthumous posthumous title, the Aixinjueluo royal family had people running to the Forbidden City every day, or sending memorials from distant places.Because there are too many people asking for posthumous posthumous titles, which is detrimental to the dignity of the "court", so a regulation was made that no posthumous posthumous posthumous posthumous posthumous posthumous titles would be given to those below the third grade Jingtang. Puyi later recalled in a book that after receiving the news of Wang Guowei's death and the "dying memorial" drafted by Luo Zhenyu, "I read this text of dying advice full of lonely ministers and evil sons, and I was very impressed. I was moved, discussed with my masters, and issued a "shangyu" saying that Wang Guowei was "alone and loyal, deeply sympathetic"... Jiaen gave Zhongkui his posthumous posthumous title, and sent his son, Puni, to lay it down on the same day, and rewarded him The Dharani Sutra was merged into foreign countries for 2,000 yuan..." Three months ago, Kang Youwei died suddenly in Qingdao, and his disciples applied to Puyi for the posthumous title "Renzhong", but they were rejected.It can be seen that Puyi attached great importance to Wang Guowei's "sacrifice to the Qing Dynasty". "Wu Mi's Diary" is a diary on June 6, 1927. At four o'clock in the afternoon on this day, Luo Zhenyu went to Wang Guowei's house at No. 18, West Courtyard of Tsinghua University, and invited Wu Mi and Chen Yinke to see him: "...Mr. Jubai, seems to be very shrewd and good at handling affairs. Talking about Mr. Wang Jingan's death, he will return in about half an hour. Yinke invited him to his house for dinner. Mr. Luo Zhenyu went back and forth by car to pay respects, and left after a short chat." On June 17, 1927 (May 17 in the lunar calendar), an old friend from the same hometown in Beijing held a memorial meeting for Wang Guowei at the Quanzhe Guild Hall in Xiaxie Street, Beijing.In the altar is Wang Guowei's posthumous photo and will. Wang's relatives are listed on the left and right, and the walls are covered with elegiac couplets.Luo Zhenyu came from Tianjin, and Zhao Wanli and others rushed back and forth.Among the hangers-on were envoys sent by Puyi, the emperor of the late Qing Dynasty, as well as old people from the former Qing Dynasty, old and new scholars, professors, officials, and friends from Japan and Europe. There is a list of hangers-on, although it is not complete, but we can also get a glimpse of Wang Guowei’s influence and contacts in the academic world: Gu Guquan, Jin Liang, Huo Jinshou, Luo Zhenyu, Su Baode, Shen Wangzhen, Wang Bin, Yao Hanzhang, Zhao Yuanren, Jiang Yinqing (Liang Fu) , Rong Geng, Zhang Yinlin, Zhou Zhichao, Yuan Lizhun, Yuan Xingkuan, Feng Shu, Liu Jingfu, Fu Kaisen, Yao Yunting, Dong Xuequan, Fei Xingjian, Hao Gengsheng, Li Jizhi, Yang Zonghan, Zhuang Zhaoyi, Kong Zhaoyan, Huang Jie, Matsuura Kasaburo, Chen Hang, Chen Da, He Sizhang, Dong Jichuan, Zhu Yifan, Zhao Chunnian, Hu Xianchun, Guo Zeng, Hashikawa Tokio, Chen Guisun, Tan Zuren, Zhuang Yan, Wu Qichang, Xie Guozhen, Luo Shuwei, Lu Ai, Heng Yong, Zai Run, Nishida Koichi, Arino Xue, Puru, Qiling, Fan Zhaochang, Kan Duo, Cao Jingyuan, Zhang Weiqin, Shen Jianshi, Gao Buying, Zhu Danian, Wen Zhun, Zhou Shoulin, Hu Weide, Wang Shitong, Jin Zhaofan, Huang Liyou, Yang Yi, Lin Shitao, Wu Daojin, Guan Tongyin, Mei Yiqi , Chen Yinque, Zhu Wenbing, Wu Zhongben, Cao Yunxiang, Yang Zhongxi, Binxi, Zhang Jinxian, Zhang Zhiyang, Fang Xianqi, Qian Jun, Yuan Jinkai, Baoxi, Shijie, Xie Jieshi, Yao Gui, Chen Handi, Dai Jiaxiang, Jiang Zunwei, Jiang Xihan, Zeng Keduan, Liu Zizhi, Ma Heng, Du Yan, Lun Luan, Fan Dixiang, Wang Zugang, Zhang He, Liao Shilun, Chen Renzhong, Zhou Zuomin, Nakashima Hitaji, Xiaoping Zongzhi, Xu Hongbao, Feng Guorui, Wu Shanli, Zhou Hanzhang, Lin Kaiyu , Zhang Wenqi, Zhao Wanli. On the 19th of this month, Luo Zhenyu held another memorial service for Wang Guowei in the Tianjin Japanese Concession Hall, and there were also a lot of participants.Puyi wrote that Luo Zhenyu invited Chinese and Japanese celebrities and scholars to set up a memorial ceremony for "Zhongke Gong" in the Japanese Garden of the Japanese Concession, and publicized Wang Guowei's "End Festival" and "Graceful Encounter", which is unprecedented in Zhengu. Have".The couplet of Luo Zhenyu's appeal to Wang Guowei is as follows: "Sincere sincerity surpasses the heavens, and there are no classics for hundreds of years; loneliness and loyalty cover generations, and it is the rule of three thousand years." At this memorial service, Luo Zhenyu burst into tears, which moved the hearts of the elders and children present. On the 25th of the same month, Japanese friends Naoki Kano, Torajiro Naito, Torao Suzuki and others invited monk Sashi to read scriptures at Fukuroinakaan in Kyoto and held a memorial service for Wang Guowei. But Pu Yi apparently later felt that he was deceived by Luo Zhenyu, saying that Luo Zhenyu "on the one hand declared in a sacrificial text that he believed that he would 'see each other in Jiuquan' with the deceased. The legacy is a fake, and it was fabricated by Luo Zhenyu, who wanted to "meet the deceased at the Nine Springs." This point has been confirmed by people. Two years later, colleagues from Tsinghua Research Institute asked Chen Yinke to write an inscription for Wang Guowei.Chen wrote the epitaph for Wang Guowei: "Mr. Three lights and eternal light."