Chapter 47 revolution

At the age of seventeen, Liu Shipei was selected as a scholar, and in the second year he was selected as a candidate.The following year, Liu Shipei went to Beijing to take part in the general examination, and his name was lost to Sun Shan.The pretentious Liu Shipei was very frustrated. On the way home, Liu Shipei kept venting his dissatisfaction with the examination, from the Emperor Guangxu down to the chief examiner, saying "greetings" with foul language.When he arrived in Yangzhou, Liu Shipei showed his madness after drinking, and talked a lot about the imperial examination system, criticizing the shortcomings of the imperial examination one by one.Liu Shipei's unscrupulous remarks alarmed the government. At that time, the government wanted to question him. After Liu Shipei got the news, he did not dare to return to Yizheng and fled directly from Yangzhou to Shanghai.

Zhang Shizhao's "Gu Tong Miscellaneous Notes" wrote: "Uncle Shen fled from Yangzhou to Shanghai in the summer of Guangxu Guimao on political suspicion. Yu chatted with Chen Duxiu and Xie Wuliang in Meifuli. Hastily knocking on the door and rushing in, and muttering is suffering from Taoism, then the day when Uncle Shen looks at the door and stops. He is less than twenty years old." But Mei Hesun said that Liu Shipei ran away from home suddenly. He recorded in "Small Notes of the Fifth Liu Family": "On this day, my uncle suddenly went out and did not return. The whole family was in a hurry and sent people to look for it. Some people said they saw He crossed the river on a red boat. Later, he received a letter from Shanghai, and it was actually Lin Shaoquan who went to Shanghai with him at that time."

In Shanghai, Liu Shipei got acquainted with Zhang Taiyan, Cai Yuanpei, Zhang Shizhao, Chen Duxiu and others. Under their influence, Liu Shipei quickly transformed into an anti-Qing fighter.He opposed the theory of the integration of Manchu and Han, and advocated the exclusion of Manchus. He published articles such as "Leave Farewell to Yangzhou Personnel" and "The Essence of the Chinese Civil Treaty" in "Su Bao", publicly expressing his revolutionary position. After Liu Shipei joined the revolution, he changed his name to Liu Guanghan. "Guanghan" means "recovering the Han people", expressing his determination to oppose the Qing Dynasty and suppress Manchuria.

In "Leave Farewell to Yangzhou People", Liu Shipei called for the establishment of new schools and encouraged overseas study; in "On the Non-Rebellion of Overseas Students", he publicly expressed his support for the student movement. In 1903, when Russia invaded the Northeast, Cai Yuanpei and others initiated the "Russian Comrade Association" and founded "Russian Affairs Police News".At the beginning of 1904, "Russian Police News" was renamed "Alarm Bell Daily", with Liu as the editor-in-chief. Liu Shipei was an out-and-out literati who governed Zuo Zhuan for three generations. However, after Liu Shipei joined the revolution, he became the main writer of "China Vernacular News", writing articles in vernacular to promote the democratic revolution.

Liu Shipei once published an article "On the Benefits of Fierceness" in "China Vernacular News", which was passionate and revolutionary, and he signed it as "the first person of fierceness".Liu Shipei said in the article that only drastic means can wake up and agitate the Chinese people so that they will no longer be content with the status quo and live in mediocrity.In a word, China's decline and fall are all due to the word "peace", and to cure the root cause must be fierce. Liu Shipei had successively participated in the Military and National Education Association and the Assassination Group organized by Cai Yuanpei.When joining the assassination group, first "set up the throne of the Yellow Emperor, write an oath on several papers, such as the number of people, sign each paper, slaughter a chicken, sprinkle blood on the paper, kneel down and make an oath, and drink it with chicken blood and wine. The oath Then each person hides a piece of paper."

In the winter of 1904, Liu Shipei and others planned the assassination of Wang Zhichun.During Wang Zhichun's tenure as governor of Guangxi, he borrowed money from Heng Dali Matheson on the condition that he transferred the road mining rights throughout Guangxi afterwards, and borrowed troops from France to suppress the uprising of Lu Yafa and Wang Heshun of the Gelaohui.What Wang did made the revolutionaries very indignant.After Wang Zhichun was dismissed, he lived in Shanghai. Wan Fuhua, a member of the Huaxing Society, conspired with Liu Shipei, Zhang Shizhao, Lin Xie, and Yangzhou student Chen Zixin to assassinate him. Liu Shipei also lent Wan Fuhua the pistol donated by Zhang Jisuo. Hua was arrested by Wang's guards.Liu Shipei and others went upstairs to have a look. They were so frightened that they hurriedly left the guns on the ground and fled in a hurry.The next day, Zhang Shizhao went to visit Wan Fuhua in the arresting house, and the arresting house followed him to his residence. They found chemical equipment for making bombs, a stove for refining medicine, etc. Zhang Ji, Huang Xing and more than a dozen people were arrested.Liu Shipei was also detained and sat overnight in the arresting room. The arresting room saw him with a pale complexion and faltering speech. He looked like a cowardly scholar, so he was released the next day.

In March of the following year, the "Alarm Bell Daily" was shut down for insulting the German invaders, and Liu Shipei was also wanted by the police station in the concession. Liu Shipei, under the pseudonym "Jin Shaofu", first avoided going to Zhejiang, and soon came to Wuhu, Anhui at the invitation of Chen Duxiu, and taught in Anhui successively. Public school, Wanjiang middle school.Liu Shipei, Chen Duxiu, Zhang Shizhao and others who taught in Anhui Public School used their identities as teachers to secretly organize the Yuewanghui, an anti-Qing revolutionary group, to train assassins.

Liu Shipei once initiated the activity of editing rural textbooks. He compiled textbooks such as "Jiangsu Rural History Textbook", "Jiangsu Rural Geography Textbook", "Anhui Rural History Textbook", "Anhui Rural Geography Textbook" and so on. kind of enthusiasm. Liu Shipei wrote "The Shu", expressing his determination to "eliminate the Qing court and restore the Han nationality". In February 1907, at the invitation of Zhang Taiyan, Liu Shipei traveled eastward to Japan with his mother, wife He Zhen and He cousin Wang Gongquan to join the Tongmenghui.Liu Shipei soon became one of the main authors of "Minbao" edited by Zhang Taiyan.He successively published articles on "Minbao" such as "Public Notice to Han People", "On the Equality of Interests", "Sorrowful Dian", "On the Gains and Losses of Qing Confucianism", "Discerning the Manchus Are Not Subjects of China", and shouted for the revolution.

Liu Shipei's "Distinguishing Manchus Are Not Subjects of China" was written to refute Liang Qichao. At that time, Liang wrote "Manchuria is the Jianzhou Guard".Afterwards, Liu Shipei wrote this article, in which he researched the history of the Manchus in detail, and finally came to the conclusion that the Manchus were foreigners and that they were “not only of the same race, but also not of the same country” as the Han.After Zhang Taiyan finished reading this article, he was full of praise: "Uncle Shen's work, even the sage Kang did not dare to write a word, how about Liang Zhuoru and Xu Fosu?"