Chapter 101 educate

At Zhejiang University, Ma Yifu's lectures were practical and useful, simple and friendly, and were loved by teachers and students. The then principal Zhu Kezhen also often went to listen to his speeches.In "Zhu Kezhen's Diary", it is recorded that ""Poetry" is the best, "Li" and "Le" are the most beautiful, "Yi" and "Spring and Autumn" are the most true. Take "Yi" as the source of natural science, and "Spring and Autumn" is the source of social science...it's a pity that Ma Jun's words are too simple, and he can't fully understand the truth."

Ma Yifu not only disapproved of the abolition of Confucian classics in modern Chinese schools, but also disapproved of the many academic subjects in modern schools.He believes that another fundamental defect of modern Chinese schools is that there are many academic disciplines. Contemporary scholars are often obsessed with a narrow field, unable to grasp a fundamental thing, and unable to master it.For this reason, he asserted: "The ancients focused on learning, but today's people value learning. The so-called experts today gain from others and lose their knowledge. Therefore, the way of reading cannot be determined by the changing phenomena. Confused, we must grasp a fundamental thing from it.” This fundamental thing, in Ma Yifu’s view, is the “six arts”.

Ma Yifu has implemented the spirit of "never tire of learning and never tire of teaching" in the education of students from beginning to end.He opposed arrogance and advocated modesty.Ma Yifu's first big disciple, Yuan Xincan, devoted his whole life to education, but never served as an official.Among the same sect, he is known for his honesty and honesty.When he studied under Ma Yifu, he brought a self-written "A Brief Explanation of Yangming Theory" to ask for advice.Ma Yifu sneered slightly after reading it, and said bluntly: "What do you know about Wang Yangming!" Yuan Xincan was dissatisfied after hearing this, and immediately started a debate.Ma Yifu cites circumstantial evidence, from Confucius, Mencius, Cheng Zhu to Kant and Dewey, sometimes in ancient Chinese, sometimes in foreign language, and discusses it, so that Xin Can worships Ma Yifu sincerely from then on.

Zhang Dejun is Ma Yifu's top student in Fuxing Academy, and Ma usually likes him more. In the autumn of 1941, Xie Wuliang, a close friend of Ma Yifu, visited Ma Yifu at Fuxing Academy in Leshan, Sichuan.One day, Ma Yifu notified the scholars of the academy to meet Mr. Xie at Eryatai, and asked Mr. Xie to give lectures to all students.Zhang Dejun, a high-achieving student, was arrogant and conceited. He wanted to test Mr. Xie's knowledge. He first asked, "What is ignorance?" Wuliang smiled and did not answer.Ma Yifu felt that Zhang Sheng's question was out of a desire to win, and he had to analyze it, but Mr. Xie replied, "Your thought is ignorance. Why don't you look at it yourself." Zhang Sheng turned pale with embarrassment.All the students present here are all restrained.It can be seen that Ma Yifu has always advocated modesty and opposed arrogance in the education of students.

Yuan Xincan, Ma Yifu's earliest disciple, believed in Cheng Zhu, and also hoped that his daughter Yuan Zhuoer would learn from Cheng Zhu. In 1946, Yuan Zhuoer was teaching in Shengxian Middle School. Yuan Xincan ordered her to resign from her teaching post and study in the academy for a year to receive Ma Yifu's teaching and guidance, and hoped that she could read some of Cheng Zhulu Wang's Confucianism under the guidance of Mr. Ma Yifu. Book.However, Ma Yifu, considering her liking for literature and her literary foundation, guided her to study literary works.According to Yuan Xincan's request to instruct his daughter in reading, Ma Yifu said after pondering for a while: "Isn't Zhuoer fond of literature? I think so, this year will be used to familiarize yourself with "Chu Ci" and "Zhaoming Wenxuan". Other reading What to decide by yourself." Yuan Zhuoer was very happy to hear that, and deeply felt that Mr. Ma was very capable of teaching students according to their aptitude.

Ma Yifu not only guides the students according to their basic interests and specialties, but also attaches great importance to teaching according to the problems that students have and raise during their study. His "Eryatai Questions and Answers" in Fuxing Academy is an important part of his educational practice .He answered students' questions not only seriously, but also very profound and inspiring, and became an important part of Ma Yifu's Confucianism. Ma Yifu attaches great importance to the education of the mind of the students.He said: "Although I know medicine, I don't lightly prescribe it for others. It is said that a doctor can't do it. A good doctor can cure the disease before it is cured. Secondly, the disease can be severe for a long time, and it is very difficult to cure it." So he was one of the students. The place is to pay close attention to "prevention and education at the beginning of the neck".After Fuxing Academy was opened in Leshan, Sichuan in 1939, Mr. Ma Yifu sent his student Wu Yifeng to take charge of the affairs because he could not find suitable personnel. m work.After Ma Yifu knew about it, he educated him, saying: "Directors are always the same. If things go wrong, it is because the reason is unclear. If there is no reason, you can't manage things. The world does not seek reason, only cares about things, and beats the director. Formed into two prongs, this is secular learning, which is not the same as the purpose of the academy." He also said: "Reason is invisible, but it is not empty. Reason must be seen in the matter. You must not seek reason apart from the matter, and you must not go against the reason to manage things. It is a mistake to separate the directors from the directors, and it is also a mistake to separate the directors from the affairs of the world and seek reason from the affairs of the world." After some enlightenment, Wu happily took up the job.

Later, Wu Yifeng asked for leave to return to his hometown due to family affairs, and Ma Yifu sent another student, Wang Beide, to take charge of this work.Not long after that, Wang Peide proposed to Ma Yifu to resign from his part-time job, and Ma Yifu also gave him ideological education in time.He told the story of Elder Jinniu cooking rice, and quoted Pang Ju's saying: "Supernatural powers and magical functions, transporting water and moving firewood".The saying of concurrent teaching: "When evil people say the right way, the right way is also evil; when the righteous person talks about wrong way, the wrong way is also right", which means that when the elegant people do common things, the common things are also elegant; vulgar.In Ma Yifu's view, people who learn yili should not be selective in matters of sex, whether it is carrying water or carrying firewood, and they should not retreat from anything.Under Ma Yifu's education, Wang Peide got a lot of inspiration and was willing to continue to do this work.