Chapter 5 Chapter 4 "The Journey of the Self-Employed Boys from the South"

At the end of 1947, two months after Cha Liangyong joined Ta Kung Pao, Hu Zhengzhi felt confused about his future in the face of fierce fighting on the battlefield between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. narrower.In order to preserve the cause of "Ta Kung Pao", Hu Zhengzhi set his sights on Hong Kong again. On January 25, 1948, Hu Zhengzhi rushed to Hong Kong with Fei Yimin, Li Xiawen and other key personnel to prepare for the resumption of publication of the Hong Kong edition of "Ta Kung Pao". After 50 days of hard work, the publication was officially resumed on March 15.Hu Zhengzhi personally wrote the re-publishing speech, reiterating that "Ta Kung Pao" is a "non-governmental organization with a business nature" and reiterated the original intention of "serving the country with articles" and "wanting to represent the indomitable righteousness of Chinese scholars":

Now political unrest and economic turmoil have almost become a common phenomenon all over the world.The political ideologies of the two extremes are fighting fiercely and agitating each other. The people who suffer the most are the peace-loving and freedom-loving kind-hearted people. The environment of these people is exactly the same as that of the Chinese people. He said: "The Hong Kong edition of Ta Kung Pao in the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938) was only a temporary organization to cope with the war of resistance. This resumption of publication is to hope for long-term efforts in Hong Kong."

The birth of the Hong Kong version was the last effort of Hu Zhengzhi and Ta Kung Pao.At that time, the Hong Kong Pavilion was in urgent need of a telecommunications interpreter. Zhang Qini was originally appointed to work in Shanghai for two weeks.Yang Liqiao asked Jiang Dingben, Zhang Meiyu, and Cha Liangyong for their opinions, and they all said "if possible, it is best not to send me", and they froze for a while.Zhang Meiyu is married, his wife and children are in Ningbo, and Hong Kong is too far away, so he can only go to one of the single Zha and Jiang. Cha Liangyong wrote a letter to Haining's father and his girlfriend in Hangzhou to ask for their opinions. His father's reply letter was: "The man has ambitions in all directions, and the Hong Kong Museum was founded. He is experiencing this opportunity." The girlfriend's letter replied: "Since the newspaper office If you have these unavoidable circumstances, if you go for a short period of time, I will agree. If the time is very long, I will not!" He told Mr. Yang that he hoped to stay only for a while.Yang conveyed it to Xu Junyuan, and Xu conveyed it to Wang Yunsheng. Wang Yunsheng passed them one by one, and Wang Yunsheng said to him, "You go and talk about it in half a year!"

On the eve of leaving for Hong Kong, he went to his hometown Haining, once to Nanjing, and twice to Hangzhou. On March 29th, colleagues gave him a farewell farewell at the newspaper office on Nanjing Road. Yin Ren first bought a plane ticket for him and took off the next morning. On March 30, Cha Liangyong boarded the plane to Hong Kong with the expectation of returning in half a year and with all kinds of guesses about the unfamiliar Hong Kong.Life is full of countless chances, and he never thought that this trip would determine his fate. At the Hong Kong airport, when he got off the plane, there was no one from the newspaper office to pick him up, and he didn’t have a cent of Hong Kong dollars on him. Fortunately, Pan Gongbi, the president of the Hong Kong National Daily, who came on the same plane, lent him ten Hong Kong dollars.He crossed the sea by boat and reported to the newspaper office.This is a small episode, more than 40 years later, he still clearly remembers this scene, and wrote the poem "the boy with white hands from the south travels".

At noon that day, Ma Tingdong, Li Xiawen, Wang Wenyao, Li Zongying, and Guo Weiwen greeted him.He said: "While seeing off and receiving the wind, I really feel unspeakable pain in my heart. Because of this, first, I have to work very hard in Hong Kong; second, I am always embarrassed to say that I want to go back to Shanghai. Ma Tingdong told him that he had arranged his schedule for today, eating at noon, sleeping in the afternoon and working in the evening. The small island of Hong Kong was called "Shek Pai Wan" or "Stanley" before it was called "Hong Kong" by foreign sailors who traveled to and from Lingdingyang in the early years of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty. In 1841, the population was only 7,450, all of whom were fishermen.

"The British ceded Hong Kong after the Opium War...When any Chinese is talking about state affairs and caring about the future of the nation, they are all heartbroken and think it is a great shame." Cha Liangyong shed tears for this when he was in elementary school. The ground is beneath his feet. When he first arrived in Hong Kong, his eyes were full of strangeness and freshness. "Hong Kong has many advantages. The scenery is so beautiful and the weather is so good. Although there is a lot of work in the newspaper office, they are very energetic and have fun. There is a house in the newspaper office with a wife (a little rent). Cantonese food is good. There are all kinds of things on the road. There are a lot of foreign goods here, and Parker pens are by no means a luxury item. Women’s clothes are exotic.”

Send a letter, the postage is six cents Hong Kong dollars, which is equivalent to 48,000 yuan in national currency, 2 yuan and 80 cents (equivalent to 220,000 yuan) for meals, 3 yuan for a haircut (equivalent to 240,000 yuan), and watching a movie Three yuan and fifty cents (equivalent to two hundred and eighty thousand yuan).At that time, the mainland was inflated and the paper currency was depreciating.Cha Liangyong said that he has no hobbies in his life except watching movies, and now he has no obligations except writing letters.But the income of one or two hundred yuan per month is already unbearable.He told his colleagues in Shanghai that there are also cheap things, suits are about 1780 yuan each, glass stockings are 11 or 12 yuan, Gulingyu toothpaste is 2 yuan and triangles, oranges are 2 triangles each, bread is 2 corners, and milk is 4 corners.It sounds cheap, but it is also very scary to change to the national currency.

The area of ​​Hong Kong is only one-fifth of that of Shanghai. At this time, the population has reached 1.8 million.At that time, there were only two truly prosperous roads in Hong Kong - Des Voeux Road and King's Road.Compared with Shanghai, it is relatively backward in terms of economy, culture, and life, and its urban construction is far behind Shanghai, even worse than Hangzhou.Cha Liangyong seemed to have suddenly come to a small place from a big city, and even felt like he was in the countryside. But he soon fell in love with Hong Kong. Hong Kong people are frank, honest, trustworthy and mean what they say. He has a good impression of them and feels that the interpersonal relationship in Hong Kong is better than Shanghai.Moreover, "Life is stable and there is no threat of price increases." "When the Communist Party comes, you don't have to flee. You can learn Cantonese and Cantonese characters. You can take a two-cent double-decker tram. There is no danger of being hit by a car on the street. You don't have to carry money in leather bags when you go out to buy things..."

His job in the Hong Kong edition of Ta Kung Pao is the same as that in Shanghai, as a translator and editor for international telecommunications.After a week in Hong Kong, he wrote an article "Before and After Arriving in Hong Kong" for "Great Park", introducing the situation here.The Hong Kong version was first started with harsh conditions and simple facilities. The office was only as big as the reference room of the Shanghai Press Museum. It was used by the manager during the day and the editorial department at night.In the evening when he was translating manuscripts, he had to move twice, because he ate porridge at midnight, and there was always a place to put some mustard greens and salted eggs.

The dormitory is on the hill behind the newspaper office, at No. 8 Chancery Lane, Kennedy Road, with side streets and alleys, without any characteristics. The dormitory is an ordinary old building with four floors, and the fourth floor is connected to the rooftop. It is the only space for activities .Cha Liangyong lived in the corridor on the fourth floor, and he had to get up at noon, because even if he didn't eat lunch, others had to sit on his bed to eat. The 60-year-old Hu Zhengzhi "eats, lives and works together" with their young people. Although he has a single room, there is only room for a desk besides a bed.Every day, Mr. Hu would walk past Cha Liangyong's bedside to go to the bathroom lightly. In fact, most of the time Cha Liangyong woke up early.

The oldest in the newspaper was Xie Runshen, the editor of the economics section, known as "Lao Xie", and the youngest was Cha Liangyong, whom everyone called "Xiao Cha".Due to the lack of manpower in the newspaper office, there are no rest days. Fortunately, he is young and alone in Hong Kong, so it doesn't matter if he has no rest days. Less than a month after Cha Liangyong arrived in Hong Kong, on the night of April 24, Hu Zhengzhi suddenly became ill, his bladder swelled, and his urine was blocked. On the 27th, he was forced to leave Hong Kong and fly back to Shanghai for medical treatment.Cha Liangyong watched Mr. Hu leave at the door of the Kennedy Road dormitory... In November 1948, the battle between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was about to end, the Kuomintang was over, and Hu Zhengzhi was lingering on the sickbed. Wang Yunsheng, who presided over the political affairs of "Ta Kung Pao", was faced with the choice of where to go.Wang Yunsheng left Taiwan on November 5 and arrived in Hong Kong on November 8 after receiving a clear signal from Mao Zedong personally inviting him to participate in the new CPPCC.Two days later, he published the editorial "No Hope for Peace" on the Hong Kong edition of "Ta Kung Pao", which marked the left turn of Hong Kong "Ta Kung Pao". .During the nearly ten years that Cha Liangyong worked at Ta Kung Pao, most of the time he existed as a leftist newspaper. Throughout his life, Cha Liangyong missed several venerable elders, and he was grateful to Hu Zhengzhi, Xu Junyuan, and Yang Liqiao who taught him hand in hand.They had dedicated their lives to journalism, and they were role models he often thought of when he started the paper. "When I was working at Ta Kung Pao, Mr. Yang Liqiao, the director of translation, taught me a lot of translation tricks. Mr. Hu Zhengzhi, the host of the newspaper, and Mr. Xu Junyuan, a senior colleague, all supported and taught me." He was lucky. The newspaper industry met these charismatic newspaper seniors. Yang Liqiao graduated from St. John's University. He is proficient in English, Japanese, and Russian.He was originally an English translator. After the "September 18th" Incident in 1931, he began to write editorials on international issues. He successively served as the translation director of "Ta Kung Pao" in Tianjin, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Guilin, Chongqing and other places. One of the "masters of translation". In November 1945, the Shanghai edition of "Ta Kung Pao" was republished. He served as the editor and translation director of the important news edition.He was even more kind to Cha Liangyong. In 1948, the Hong Kong edition of "Ta Kung Pao" resumed publication. He first served as editorial director, and then as deputy editor-in-chief in 1949. He died of illness in Hong Kong in 1967. Xu Junyuan graduated from the Department of English Literature of Peking University in 1928. He successively worked in "Peking Morning Post" and Tianjin "Yong Bao". In July 1946, he served as the editorial director of the Shanghai edition of "Ta Kung Pao" and edited the internal magazine "Great Park". Hu Zhengzhi was the editor-in-chief of the old "Ta Kung Pao" for three years before starting the new business of "Ta Kung Pao" in 1926. He was the first reporter in China to cover the Paris Peace Conference.From 1926 to 1949, plus 1916 to 1919, he presided over the "Ta Kung Pao" for 27 years. He also founded the Guowen News Agency and the "Guowen Weekly". giant. It was from them that the young Cha Liangyong deeply realized the ideal and responsibility of a journalist.Not long after Hong Kong's "Ta Kung Pao" turned around, the Kuomintang regime collapsed in the mainland, the country changed hands, and a strange red China was born. In January 1949, Tianjin "Ta Kung Pao" was renamed "Progress Daily". On May 25, Wang Yunsheng published "New Life Declaration" in Shanghai "Ta Kung Pao". The era of new "Ta Kung Pao" is over forever.Earlier, on April 14, Hu Zhengzhi, 61, passed away in Shanghai.A week later (April 21), Cha Liangyong published a commemorative article "Can't Hear Those Words" in Hong Kong's "Ta Kung Pao": I only got along with Mr. Hu for more than a month. During this month, because we worked, ate, and slept together, this great journalist had an extremely great influence on the life and study of a young journalist. profound.I have often thought of his seemingly innocuous but profoundly meaningful words, which I will never hear again. The Hong Kong version was first created, and the content seems to be incompatible with "Hong Kong culture".During a meal, Mr. Hu said: "The task of newspapers is to educate readers and guide them on the correct path. We must not lower the standard of newspapers or distort the truth in order to win sales and cater to readers' psychology." When Mr. Hu's condition was getting worse, he once talked about his cause of disease with brother Shouchong and me. He said: "My disease was caused when I was young. Now that I am old, the root causes of the hidden diseases at that time have come out, so young people must not rely on themselves to succeed in everything, and they must take good care of their bodies.” One afternoon, when Mr. Hu talked about work with brother Xie Runshen and me, he asked me what I was studying, and I said "diplomacy".He said: "Diplomacy is not the fundamental knowledge. In the future, you should read more books on history and economics." I followed this sentence and have benefited a lot.Later, when talking about Americans, he said: "Superficial, superficial, the British are much thicker. Don't think that the United States is invincible now. Within fifty years, the United States will definitely decline. This kind of people, this kind of behavior, can never be great I read some books recently, and I feel that Mr. Hu's words are really insightful and full of historical vision. Last year, it was also in this season and in this weather that Mr. Hu left Hong Kong.I stood at the door of the newspaper dormitory and watched him walk down the slope of Jiandao step by step.When parting, he said: "Goodbye." I asked him: "Mr. Hu, will you come back?" I stood at the door for a long time, and I seemed to have an ominous premonition of fate and helplessness in my heart.Sure enough, he would never come back, and the words would never be heard again. After Xie Runshen retired, he immigrated to the United States and lived to be a hundred years old.Regarding Hu Zhengzhi's prediction that "the United States will inevitably decline within 50 years", Liang Yusheng said something mysterious: "A wise man like Hu Zhengzhi has a keen mind, and his judgments are often ahead of schedule. Inaccurate predictions are not a disease. The way of heaven and the stars, the extremes of things must be reversed, and it is only a matter of time." Across the shallow Shenzhen River, there are gunfire everywhere, and Hong Kong, a lonely southern country, was under British rule and was not directly exposed to the upheaval of the great era. 1949 was a watershed year, an era irrevocably lost.Like the progressive intellectuals in Hong Kong, Cha Liangyong was excited about the transfer of power in the Mainland. He and a few friends invited the head of the CCP in Hong Kong to have tea at Mount Taiping, and proposed to run a magazine in Hong Kong to spread Propaganda of "New China".The person in charge thought the opinion was very good and promised to report it to Beijing for instructions, but since then there has been no follow-up. Cha Liangyong has studied international law in the Department of Diplomacy of the Central Political School and the Law School of Soochow University. There are many sensitive issues worthy of analysis. He tries to use his knowledge of diplomacy and international law to comment on current events.In June of that year, he wrote an article on the issue of "recognition" and published it in Ta Kung Pao. On November 9, all employees of China Airlines and Central Airlines declared an uprising and broke away from the Kuomintang. On the 11th, the newly born Hengyang Railway Bureau of the Ministry of Railways of the People’s Republic of China issued a statement stating that “the equipment, materials, vehicles, and money stored in ports under the jurisdiction of the former Guangdong-Han, Hunan, Guizhou, and Zhejiang-Jiangxi Railway Bureaus are all owned by the people’s state.” On the 14th, all the staff of the Resources Committee in Hong Kong declared an uprising.Taiwan also sent Ye Gongchao and others to Hong Kong to deal with these properties, and a dispute arose between the two sides. On November 18th and 20th, Cha Liangyong's 6,000-character long article "On the Chinese People's Property Rights Abroad from International Law" was published twice in "Ta Kung Pao". He relied on his knowledge of international law—mainly the precedents of the British and American courts and the works of Anglo-American jurists, arguing that these overseas assets should belong to the new China.Through terms such as "KMT reactionaries", "Chairman Mao" and "New China", it is not difficult to see his position at that time. His slightly lengthy paper did not arouse much response in Hong Kong, but after it was translated into Japanese, it was unexpectedly appreciated by Mei Ruao, an expert in international law who was still in Japan at the time. Mei served as the chief judge of China at the Tokyo International War Crimes Tribunal and participated in the trial of war criminals Hideki Tojo and others. He is an international jurist with international reputation and was still in Tokyo at the time.Cha Liangyong's thesis on international law attracted Mei's attention, and Mei felt that this young man was a talent to be made.Soon, the Kuomintang international law expert was invited to return to China and served as an advisor to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the State Council. Mei Ru’ao ​​found that the new regime’s diplomatic talents were scarce, and those with expertise in diplomacy and international law were rare. He thought of Cha Liangyong in Hong Kong, so he sent a telegram to invite him to go north to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to be his research assistant. Here are three telegrams.This was unexpected by Cha Liangyong.Although the dream of being a diplomat in his youth was just a dream, it had always been hidden deep in his heart. Mei Ru'ao's telegram stirred his heart again, and he was excited, excited, and somewhat mysteriously yearning. "The young man was appreciated by a great scholar, and he agreed without hesitation." In 1950, Cha Liangyong resigned from Ta Kung Pao, full of hopes of becoming a diplomat, and went north to Beijing alone.This is the first time he has set foot on this ancient capital, and it is also the first time he has come to the north.Mei Ruao was also very happy to see him, but whether he can successfully enter the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is not up to Mr. Mei as a consultant.Mei suggested that he first go to Qiao Guanhua, Zhou Enlai's assistant and the actual head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (then deputy director of the Policy Committee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs).He is no stranger to Qiao Guanhua, having read Qiao's international reviews in Chongqing's "Xinhua Daily" in his early years. From 1946 to 1949, Qiao was the head of the Hong Kong branch of Xinhua News Agency. He often published comments on international issues in the "Hua Shang Bao" under the pseudonym "Qiao Mu". After the "Ta Kung Pao" turned left, Joe sometimes went to "Ta Kung Pao" to discuss with them and exchange views on the current situation. They could be regarded as "familiar".On the eve of the liberation of Nanjing, Cha Liangyong asked Qiao at the meeting: "Mr. Qiao Mu, how will the Hong Kong and Macao issues be dealt with after the liberation of the whole country?" It is the U.S. government. Our important task in the future is socialist economic construction. According to my personal opinion, whether the status quo in Hong Kong can be maintained depends on whether it is beneficial to our socialist economic construction. The imperialism of various countries has nothing to do with it in essence. It’s different, but we can’t knock down all the imperialists in the world at once.” Qiao Guanhua’s analysis of Hong Kong’s future left a deep impression on him.In Cha Liangyong's eyes, Qiao is approachable, has no airs, and has a good impression of himself.He thought that the road to being a diplomat had already been paved under his feet, and he was full of expectations. Unexpectedly, what awaited him was a completely different ending. Qiao Guanhua said bluntly that Beijing really needs people like him, but the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is a special institution with high political requirements. political test.His family background belonged to landlords according to the class division at that time, and he himself had studied in the Central Political School of the Kuomintang. This background prevented him from entering the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Qiao suggested that he first go to the Chinese People's Institute of Foreign Affairs to work for a period of time, and then transfer to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the future. Being a diplomat has been his dream for many years. When he was young, he wanted to travel around the world, so he came up with this idea. After graduating from high school, he went to Chongqing to study diplomacy at the Central Political School. After the war, he went to Shanghai Soochow University Law School to study international law. related to this volunteer.Qiao Guanhua's words undoubtedly poured cold water on him. This is his first time dealing with the red regime, and he knows that it is impossible to fulfill his dream of being a diplomat given his background. "Mr. Qiao is kind, but I feel that the People's Institute of Foreign Affairs is only doing some international publicity and receiving foreign guests, and is not interested." Cha Liangyong also found Yang Gang, who had worked for Ta Kung Pao for a long time and was then Secretary of the Policy Committee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Yang Gang also suggested that he first work at the Revolutionary University or the People's Institute of Foreign Affairs. The more he thought about it, the more something was wrong, and he was no longer optimistic about entering the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.His thinking and behavior are all "Hong Kong style", and he doesn't understand the Communist Party, so he may not be able to join the party.And a person outside the party will definitely not be taken seriously, and I am afraid it will be difficult to have the opportunity to make contributions.Qiao Guanhua told him that if he sincerely "serves the people", he must join the party.At that time, he supported the Communist Party very much, but he was afraid of the Party's "iron discipline." After some ideological struggle, he decided to give up. The dream of being a diplomat came to an end, and he felt that staying in Beijing was meaningless, so he said goodbye to Mei Rudun and Qiao Guanhua, and returned to Hong Kong.But his respect for Qiao Guanhua remained, without any complaints.More than 20 years later, Qiao Guanhua, who was then Minister of Foreign Affairs, boarded the forum of the UN General Assembly as the head of the Chinese delegation to the United Nations. Cha Liangyong published editorials such as "Qiao Guanhua's speech is talented" in "Ming Pao": The main content of Qiao Guanhua's speech is within the scope of the CCP's general statements and statements, but some statements have his own style and show his unique talent.He was born as a literati and is well-known for his analysis of international issues. This speech occasionally reveals some of the brilliance of his previous writing. Looking back in his later years, thinking of the shattering of the diplomat's dream, not only did he not feel regretful, but he felt that it was not a bad thing.He said that in this life, he lived freely and did as he wanted, without being fettered by his superiors and official positions. He had freedom of movement and speech, and his life was much more free and comfortable, and he no longer envied being a diplomat. Cha Liangyong returned to Hong Kong and returned to "Ta Kung Pao" to work as an international telecommunications translator and editor. Some underground party members in "Ta Kung Pao" reported to the Hong Kong branch of Xinhua News Agency, asking for instructions on how to deal with his future.The person in charge of the united front work of the "Patriotic Newspaper" in Hong Kong said that the mainland and Hong Kong are free to come and go. Such talents are coveted in other newspapers and periodicals in Hong Kong. On April 26, 1951, Cha Liangyong's father was executed in his hometown of Haining on charges of "resisting grain, harboring bandits, and plotting to kill cadres".When the bad news reached Hong Kong, he cried for three days and three nights.He lost his mother when he was young, and lost his father at this time, and he was sad for more than half a year. At that time, tens of thousands of people lost their lives because of the class characterization of "landlords".The People's Liberation Army going south from Shandong entered Haining, and the Cha family was one of the local prominent families. Although they didn't have many properties after the Japanese invasion, they were more than enough to be called landlords.Zha Shuqing was designated as a "reactionary landlord", executed by shooting, and all his family property was confiscated.Liang Yusheng's father, Chen Xinyu, also had the same fate and was executed in Mengshan County, Guangxi. A few years later, Cha Liangyong remembered a book his father gave him, and said in the article "Christmas Miscellaneous Feelings": I am not a Christian, but I have a good impression of this festival since I was a child... When I was studying in middle school, my father gave me a copy of Dickens' "Christmas Carol" (A Christmas Carol) at Christmas.This is a very ordinary little book, which can be bought in any Western bookstore, but until now, whenever Christmas comes, I always go to read a few paragraphs. ... Every short description of Dickens is so intensely exciting that you can't help but fill your eyes with tears. ... How many contradictions and dramas, how many laughter and tears are filled in this thin novel!The love between brothers and sisters, between men and women, between father and son, and between friends is especially deeply expressed during this festival. The pain of bereavement and the love of father and son have always been buried in his heart, although he said, "This is an extremely unavoidable universal tragedy in the great turmoil of the great era." On July 22, 1985 (one month before, on June 18, Jin Yong was formally nominated as a member of the Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee), the Haining County Party Committee, County Government, Jiaxing City Party Committee United Front Work Department, and Municipal Overseas Chinese Affairs Office jointly organized an investigation team to investigate the three The Zha Shuqing case more than ten years ago was reexamined, and it was found to be a wrong and unjust case. The Haining County People's Court revoked the original judgment, declared Zha Shuqing innocent, and was officially rehabilitated. In 1988, he personally wrote a letter of "extraordinary gratitude" to the local leaders in Zhejiang: In the great era, the turmoil is fierce and the situation is complicated. I would like to thank you for your kindness. I have reviewed more than 30 years of old cases and found my father not guilty. After Zha Shuqing was shot, Gu Xiuying raised her children alone, experiencing ups and downs. In 1958, with no firewood and no food, she sold the two old houses she lived in. She was falsely accused of "the landlord's wife wants to counterattack and reckon", and was beaten for three days and three nights.When she got home, she said to her weeping children, "I can bear any kind of suffering. I only hope to raise you up, have Shunian, and be worthy of your father who died early." From then on, Cha Liangyong never set foot in the former residence of Yuan Hua in his hometown. Even when he arrived in Yuan Hua Town, he never went back to the village to take a look. The home he was familiar with was long gone, and all those paintings and calligraphy were lost.His family's old house was originally built during the Kangxi period, but part of it was destroyed by the Japanese, and the rest was flattened during the land reform, and it was impossible to restore it.The current "old residence" was rebuilt by the local government. He said that the hometown he lived in when he was a child was not like that. His half-brother Cha Liangnan stayed in Haining, and when he mentioned this matter, he burst into tears: "My mother had a last word before she left. She hoped that I could see my second brother and thank him for taking care of my mother." Over the years, Liangnan Nan has been guarding the "old residence" of the Cha family, guarding the heavy entrustment of his mother, and guarding the expectation of a reunion of brothers. The younger siblings speculated that "the death of his father is still a pain in his heart that he does not want to touch."Although Cha Liangyong and others mentioned this matter only indifferently said that his father withered in the movement trend at that time, he naturally felt very sad when he learned about it, but as a political commentator, reason should come first.It was not only his father who perished that year, but also more than two million landlords big and small.In that turbulent era, his father's death was essentially no different from that of an ordinary soldier who died in the brutal Kuomintang-Communist War.That was really a tragedy of the times.The calmness with which he recounts this unfortunate past is astonishing. Cha Liangyong’s colleagues in the international news edition of Ta Kung Pao were interested in literature, including Xiao Qian and Yuan Shuipai, two seniors, and Tan Wenrui, who liked Russian literature and later became the editor-in-chief of People’s Daily. He often talked to them. Talked about Greek tragedy and other topics.He is familiar with the trilogy in which the tragedian Aeschylus shows the great spirit of resistance of Prometheus, and the plays of the comedian Aristophanes.He believed that all great literary works extol the spirit of rebellion against the oppressors, rather than extol the oppressors.When talking about movies, he cited many stories of love between gods and mortals in Greek mythology.The greatness of Orpheus's love for his wife Eurydica has touching depth.His wife died, and he was very sad, determined to find her back in the dark underworld.This brilliant and unusual musician, his harp can move all things, even Pluto, and allowed his wife to return to the world.However, he couldn't help looking back at the gate of Hades, and his wife disappeared forever.The sincerity of love and the magic of music in mythology are very touching, but the theme is the inescapable fate of "human beings are bound to die". In addition to working at Ta Kung Pao, Cha Liangyong started to translate Toynbee's "Historical Research", which is a profound and profound historical masterpiece not only involves the intricate history of Europe, but also has an in-depth analysis of the history of Egypt, Babylon, and Persia, "because When the cultivation of Western history is insufficient (especially the parts involving Egypt, Babylon, and Persia and Central Asia) and encounter difficulties, I make up for it by myself and deal with it. I regard these difficulties as Toynbee (that is, Toynbee) The doctor said "challenge". With his academic ability and English level at that time, translating this big book was undoubtedly a challenge. Later, due to work needs, the newspaper asked him to translate the current affairs book "China Shocked the World" related to the Chinese Revolutionary War and the Korean War. "The translation of "The Inside Story of the Korean War" and "Historical Research" has been temporarily put on hold, and there will be no chance to pick it up again." Later, he saw Chen Xiaolin's Chinese translation published in Taiwan, and the translation was fluent. "This effort that I started when I was young has been given up forever."But his love for Toynbee has not changed throughout his life, "In the following decades, as long as you can buy or borrow Toynbee's works, you must read them carefully, including "Civilization on the Test", "War and "Civilization", "From East to West—A Travel Around the World", "Concern for Death" and other books, as well as the English version of "Dialogue Records" between him and Mr. Ikeda Daisaku".Cha Liangyong's judgment on the general trend of Chinese history and his views on Chinese civilization are deeply imprinted by Toynbee. On June 25, 1950, the Korean War broke out. Leftist newspapers such as Ta Kung Pao and Wen Wei Po in Hong Kong "generally do not use articles from foreign news agencies, especially news about the Korean War, and even refuse to use foreign news."However, news from Xinhua News Agency came slowly. In order to report the battle situation in time, the Hong Kong Branch of Xinhua News Agency considered running a "grey" evening paper. On October 5, "Ta Kung Pao" allocated part of its manpower to found "New Evening News", with Luo Fu as the editor-in-chief. In 1952, after working as an international telecommunications translator and editor in Ta Kung Pao for several years, Cha Liangyong transferred to the New Evening Post as a supplementary editor. At that time, the main columns included "Afternoon Tea House", "Arabian Nights", "Hong Kong Style" Cultural Fast Food", etc., he edited "Afternoon Tea House".He had edited supplements when he was working in Southeast Daily and Times and Tide, and he was interested in piano, chess, calligraphy, painting, music, film, dance, etc. This leisure supplement column was just right for him.He often writes with a pen. This is the first time he has written a large number of supplementary articles since he entered the newspaper industry. For this reason, he has pen names such as "Lin Huan" and "Yao Fulan".He said that "Yao Fulan" is a homonym for Your Friend (your friend) in English, and because the supplement at that time was more masculine, he wanted to write a film review with a feminine name to dilute it.The pseudonym itself can be elegant or vulgar, and both the refined and the popular are his goal. Cha Liangyong said that he was originally a layman in movies, but because he had to deal with manuscripts about movies and dramas at work, and sometimes he had to write by himself. Reading theoretical books on film and drama like crazy, became a "semi-expert" in this field in a very short period of time.He said that although he has no practical experience, his theoretical knowledge and understanding of important dramas and films has surpassed that of ordinary film or drama workers.Since then, "learn and use immediately" has become his main working method.People who are not familiar with him think that he is very knowledgeable and knowledgeable. In fact, his method is to learn immediately if necessary, change "do not understand" into "understand", and change from "layman" to "semi-literate". expert". Because he has to write film reviews, he hangs around the cinema almost every day.From 1952 to 1957, he wrote film reviews for five years. He watched about one movie a day. The most watched and reviewed movies were foreign movies, such as "Caesar" and "The Prince's Revenge" based on Shakespeare's works. Othello", "Richard III"... At that time, many people who read these film reviews "said that the writing was euphemistic and the insights were fresh, and it was a temporary choice."In order to write these film reviews, he kept reading books and researching materials. In order to study the sources of several Shakespeare plays such as Julius Caesar, he read The Heroes of Brudaku, which had a great influence on later literature and history. It is believed that without this book, several important plays of Shakespeare would not exist.The elegant and gorgeous English was too difficult for his English level at that time.He studied hard, learning English and studying literature. "Qin Xianglian" and "Red Chamber Eryou" are mainland movies that Cha Liangyong also likes, and he wrote interesting comments—— When I was watching the movie "The Butterfly Lovers", the first time I felt sad was in "Eighteen Lovers"; look, hearing Dong Yong sing "Hearing her speak from the bottom of my heart made me feel happy and bitter. Dong Yongsheng No pity, I haven't heard such intimate words." When these words were spoken, I couldn't help but shed tears.These two scenes were originally happy scenes, but people were extremely moved in joy.I think this is because in the joy there is also a sincere and deep feeling, and this kind of feeling makes people shed tears.Because sincere friendship, simple love, and gratitude when you are pitied will all strongly move people's hearts. ...the emphasis is on people.The seven fairies praised the world, envied the life in the world, and praised all the fishing, woodcutters, farming and reading in the world. This is spiritually connected with those great works after the European Renaissance.Praise the quality of people, affirm the life of the world... Through writing film reviews, he got to know many people in the film industry.Watching too many movies and writing too many movie reviews, he even started to write movie scripts. In 1953, he adapted Guo Moruo's historical drama "Tiger Talisman" into the screenplay "Peerless Beauty". Dance is also what Cha Liangyong talked about most at that stage. In the movie "Romeo and Juliet", Ulanova danced the dance on the morning of the wedding, and in "Swan Dance", a pas de deux by Prelezshekaya , the graceful turn of Robert Hepman when he turned candle tears into precious stones in "Dancing in the Magic Palace", the dance before Monasla's death in "The Wave of Love", and "Picking Tea" performed by the Chinese Folk Art Troupe. Fluttering Butterflies, Lotus Flower Dance, Sword Dance and Fan Dance, "Top Ten Sisters" in "Happy Song and Dance", etc., all appeared in his works. In 1953, he went to Shanghai and watched "Plucking Tea and Fluttering Butterflies" in the "East China Folk Song and Dance Show": "The tea-picking girl holds a fan in her hand. Although it is a tool for fluttering butterflies, it also greatly increases the beauty of elegance. Peking Opera The water sleeves of Zhong Tsing Yi and the handkerchief in Hua Dan’s hand are all extensions of the beauty of the body lines. This is rarely used in foreign dances.” Cha Liangyong also learned ballet from a British teacher, but was ordered to drop out of school.据说和他一起学芭蕾舞的还有左派电影公司的导演兼演员张铮，有一次他们在舞蹈室练舞，张铮与一位体胖的女学员共舞，要不时托起女伴，一不小心把手落在女伴的胸部，尴尬之下，手一松，女伴摔在了地上。英国老师大骂张铮，并指责中国人食古不化，跳舞都要讲究男女授受不亲。查良镛为张铮感到不平，就站出来说话，英国老师大怒，把他俩双双赶出了舞蹈班。他学芭蕾舞不成，但在报馆的一次文艺晚会中，他曾穿上工人服，大跳芭蕾舞。罗孚回忆说，尽管他的舞蹈在艺术上不合格，却给同事留下了印象。 倪匡说查良镛对古典音乐的造诣极高，随便挑一张古典音乐唱片放出来，放上片刻，他就能说出这是什么乐曲。查良镛则说，在世界一流的音乐会与中国的平剧（即京剧）、民谣之间，听平剧、民谣更接近自己的兴趣，这多半与传统有关。“平剧是世界上最丰富亦最艰难的舞台艺术。在表现的技巧上，有歌唱，有说白，还有武功和杂技……举目世界，没有其他的舞台艺术能够如此面面俱到，歌剧的女高音常是体态臃肿的胖子，芭蕾舞星也不会有演唱的禀赋或机缘。”当然，他也明白，“以平剧来表现人生常是将人生太定式化……较无法呈现真实的人生实境”。 1956年六七月间，中国民间艺术团到香港演出，轰动一时，查良镛在《新晚报》发表一系列谈歌舞、京剧的杂文，向海外观众解释艺术团演出节目的内容，他自谦都是“急就之作”。当年10月，长城画报社就将这些文章结集出版，书名《中国民间艺术漫谈》，署名“林欢”，定价一元四角，印了四千册。这是他出版的第一本文集。此书分歌舞、京剧和电影三辑，收录他的二十三篇文章，配上李流丹的速写和张光亮的摄影。 为了配合演出和电影，这些文章都是当晚看戏、当晚就写的，查良镛说，事后校阅，“颇觉文字粗率，更加缺乏学术上的深度”，“采用的是一种个人漫谈、随意抒发己见的形式”。董桥却给了很高的评价，说他考证袁崇焕生平之类的重头文章固然气象万千，“他笔下的一些'个人漫谈、随意抒发己见'的文字却最为引人入胜”。例如《除三害》的开篇： 急锣紧鼓中，幕里大叫一声：“好酒！”一个神态豪迈、气宇轩昂的豪杰跌跌撞撞地大步出台，袍袖一挥，四句西皮散板，只听得：“醉里不知天地窄，任教两眼笑英雄”，台下彩声春雷轰动。啊哈，真乃绝妙好辞，绝妙好戏也！ 董桥称这是“十足章回小说的笔调。这样的文章，就算'缺乏学术上的深度'也不要紧；裹脚布似的学术论文到底是写来拿学位混饭吃的。学问要能随意化为漫谈方才可观”。 查良镛评京戏《狮子楼》： 在戏里，我们看到武松回家，发现哥哥已死，悲痛之中，见嫂嫂外穿孝服，里面却穿红衣。在原作中并不是这样写的，因为施耐庵有充裕的篇幅来写潘金莲怎么洗去了脂粉，拔去首饰钗环，脱去红裙绣袄，换上孝裙孝衫，假哭下楼。但京戏只用外白内红的衣饰，立刻鲜明而迅捷地表明内中必有奸情。事实上潘金莲恐怕不会傻得在孝衣之中穿着红裳，但京戏用了这夸张手法，很简捷地表现了整个故事的关键所在。 “潘金莲孝服底下的红裳”令文章高手董桥大为赞叹。

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Notes: 2000年第1期。关于他父亲被处决的时间，他弟弟查良钰回忆，“1950年我父亲查枢卿被作为'反动地主'在家乡受到镇压”。《人物》2000年第7期，117页。 ，148、149页。 中借用这个“不许回头”，令狐冲在洛阳绿竹巷初遇任盈盈，一直隔帘交谈，没有见过她的容貌，绿竹翁一声“姑姑”，让他以为她是个德高望重的老太太，于是以“婆婆”相称。