Chapter 27 party affairs

After Chen Duxiu returned to Shanghai, the relationship with Ma Lin was extremely tense.Zhang Guotao recalled that Ma Lin was "very proud and difficult to speak." "When he spoke, he often showed the genius of a congressman-type orator. Sometimes it seems to be dueling with his opponents." "In our contacts with Marin, we felt that he was always condescending and superior to others as an international representative."When Ma Lin held the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China, he had a quarrel with Li Hanjun, Li Da and others.After Chen Duxiu returned to Shanghai, he quickly had conflicts with Ma Lin. Chen even refused to meet with Ma Lin. He also warned the party members that the Chinese revolution depends on the Chinese themselves.

In October 1921, after Chen Duxiu was arrested, Ma Lin paid for the hiring of a lawyer for him, and the relationship between Chen and Ma Lin eased.Chen thanked Marin for his active rescue and expressed his willingness to listen to the opinions of the Communist International.After fully learning about Chen Duxiu's resoluteness and stubbornness, Ma Lin put down his airs and said, "China's affairs are mainly led by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. I only keep in touch with the top responsible person to provide some policy suggestions." Li Da and Chen Duxiu also quickly had conflicts.Li Da recalled that at the beginning of the founding of the party, Chen Duxiu had "a bully style" and "whenever comrades debated with him, he frequently slapped tables and teacups and got angry."Li Da could not accept the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and was unwilling to join the Kuomintang, so he had a dispute with Chen Duxiu.Chen scolded: "I have the right to expel you for violating the party's discipline." Li Dasui believed that Chen was a "grass-like hero. As the leader of our party, his future must be hopeless."

Bao Huiseng recalled: "Chen Duxiu does not tell lies, is upright, expresses emotions, loves to tell jokes, and is very humorous, but it is terrible to lose his temper. He thinks that people who can be trusted can do anything easily. I don’t care about you, I’m not afraid of offending people, and I don’t give in to things.” Ma Lin, a representative of the Communist International, believed that the CCP should cooperate with the Kuomintang as soon as possible. He suggested that the Chinese Communists adopt the method of joining the Kuomintang.Chen disagrees.At the meeting held on August 20, 1922, Chen Duxiu, Zhang Guotao, Li Dazhao, Cai Hesen and others all opposed joining the Kuomintang.Marin stated that joining the Kuomintang was the policy of the Comintern.Chen then said: "I obey the instructions of the Communist International. However, I obey conditionally. Mr. Sun's KMT has a set of feudal methods of joining, such as making hand models and swearing to obey him personally. I will not accept these feudal methods. method, only if Mr. Sun transformed the Kuomintang with democratic methods, I would agree to the Chinese Communist Party joining the Kuomintang. Li Dazhao, Chen Duxiu, Zhang Guotao, Zhang Tailei, Cai Hesen, Xia Xi and others joined the Kuomintang and became the first batch of Communist Party members to join the Kuomintang.

Zhang Guotao recalled: After the Third National Congress of the Communist Party of China, "Mr. Chen Duxiu's power increased, and many things were often decided by him without going through a meeting. At that time, Mao Zedong, who was in charge of the central organization work, was away from the central government most of the time. Cai Hesen, who was in charge of propaganda work, He just buried his head in writing and didn't ask much about policy matters. As for Qu Qiubai, who didn't care about the ministry, apart from being delayed in Guangzhou for a long time, he was busy with the work of Shanghai University after returning to Shanghai. Chen Duxiu's title of "Parent" in the CCP is exactly this It came out in time."

Beginning in early January 1926, Chen Duxiu suddenly stopped coming to the central government to read documents.Since no one knew his address, there was no way to find him.Central Standing Committee members Qu Qiubai, Peng Shuzhi, and Zhang Guotao panicked. Everyone guessed that Chen must have been secretly executed.Zhang Guotao also said: "If the old man (referring to Chen Duxiu) wants to be an official, he can be a very big one. I didn't expect to end up like this today." He was about to cry. From February 21st to 24th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a special meeting in Beijing to discuss two most important issues: one was that Chen Duxiu had been cut off from the central government for more than a month, and the other was the issue of the Northern Expedition.At the very beginning of the meeting, Chen Duxiu received a telegram from Shanghai, saying: "He has been able to heal the disease and see things." It turned out that he had typhoid fever and was admitted to the hospital.

On the issue of the Northern Expedition, Chen Duxiu was in favor at the beginning, but after Wei Jingji persuaded him, he expressed his opposition.Chen personally believes that the time for the Northern Expedition was not yet ripe, and the result of the Northern Expedition would inevitably result in a new warlord.When Chen Duxiu, Peng Shuzhi, Zhang Guotao, and Qu Qiubai discussed the issue of the Northern Expedition, Chen and Peng disapproved of the Northern Expedition, while Zhang and Qu advocated the Northern Expedition.Two votes against two votes, Chen patted the table, and Zhang Cai expressed his opposition to the Northern Expedition.However, since the Communist International supported the Northern Expedition, Chen finally decided to participate in the Northern Expedition.

After the Zhongshan ship incident, a batch of weapons aided by the Soviet Communist Party to the Kuomintang just arrived in Guangzhou.Chen Duxiu asked Peng Shuzhi to go to Borodin for 5,000 guns to arm the peasants in Guangdong to prevent secession.Borodin flatly refused: "Arming the peasants will not only prevent Chen Jiongming and the Northern Expedition, but also arouse the suspicion of the Kuomintang and the peasants' rebellion against the Kuomintang." He even said: "Now is the time when the Communist Party should work as a coolie for the Kuomintang." On April 4, 1927, Chen Duxiu and Wang Jingwei jointly published the "Wang Chen Declaration". The declaration was drafted by Chen, and after Wang signed it, Zhou Enlai took it back for Chen to sign.Wang's name was signed on the back of the document, leaving a lot of blank space in front, which means that Chen was asked to sign his name on the front.But Chen Duxiu still signed his name behind Wang's.After the declaration was published, Chen Duxiu said to Zheng Chaolin: "It has been a long time since my words have been published in major newspapers!"

Chen Duxiu hoped to suppress Chiang Kai-shek by cooperating with Wang Jingwei, which is what the Communist International meant.But during the peasant movement, some farmers paraded Tang Shengzhi's mother through the streets, and the agricultural association also withheld government grain and rice. Wang Jingwei, Tang Shengzhi and others questioned Chen Duxiu: "Why do the people insult my family?" Chen Duxiu was speechless. After the failure of the Great Revolution, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, under the instructions of the Communist International, stopped the work of Chen Duxiu and others.Borodin once suggested that Chen Duxiu and others go to Moscow to discuss the issue of the Chinese revolution with the Communist International, but Chen refused.He said: "I have received enough training in international opportunism. I have made many mistakes because of accepting international opinions."

On August 7, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an emergency meeting in Wuhan. Someone advocated inviting Chen Duxiu to the meeting, but was opposed by the representative of the Communist International, Rominaz.At this meeting, a new provisional Political Bureau of the Central Committee was elected. At this point, Chen Duxiu was actually removed from the post of the party's general secretary. After the failure of the Great Revolution, Chen Duxiu painfully reflected on himself: "Since China suffered a tragic and shameful defeat in 1927, I have personally shouldered important responsibilities, and I felt that I couldn't help myself at the moment, so after a year, I'm almost entirely in a period of personal introspection."

Wang Yuanfang recalled that in the summer of 1927, Chen Qiaolai, the second son of Chen Duxiu, came to him and said that Chen wanted to see him.He followed Qiao Nian to a house on the first floor and the bottom floor in a deep alley, and saw a bamboo bed at the door, a person facing the room, with his head against the door, lying on the bed, shirtless, with a drape over his shoulders. Wearing a large coarse linen scarf, holding a plantain fan in his hand.When the two of them entered the room, the person lying on the bamboo bed sat up and said, "Here we are." Only then did Wang recognize him as Chen Duxiu.Chen asked Wang to arrange for him to go to Shanghai. In early September, Chen Duxiu, accompanied by Huang Wenrong, Wang Yuanfang, and Chen Xiaoqing (an employee of the Yadong Library), sailed down the Yangtze River to Shanghai by boat.The four of them booked an official cabin, Chen Duxiu pretended to be a patient, put on a hood, slept on the upper bunk, and even ate in the cabin.When the ship docked, they closed the door and pretended to sleep.

Along the way, Chen Duxiu lay on the upper bunk and seldom spoke. Sometimes he muttered to himself, but there was only one sentence: "The Chinese revolution should be led by the Chinese themselves." His demeanor is that of an old man in his twilight years. After Chen Duxiu was dismissed from his position as secretary of the Central Bureau, he wrote to the CPC Central Committee several times to make suggestions.Chen Qiaonian, then Minister of the Organization of Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, was very sympathetic to his father's experience and partly agreed with his views.But he was embarrassed by the conflict between his father and the Party Central Committee.Once, Chen Qiaonian advised Chen Duxiu not to write any more letters to the Party Central Committee, because some people in the Central Committee "told his opinions as a joke and publicized them everywhere."Therefore, Chen Duxiu listened to Qiao Nian's words and stopped writing letters to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for a long period of time. After the August 7th meeting, Chen Duxiu published an article in the "Bolshevik", a publication of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, signed "Sa Weng".Zheng Chaolin said: "I guess the signature means that he relinquishes his hand and no longer leads the Chinese Communist Party."