Chapter 17 Chapter 15 You and I Are Both Carriers of Genes

In the early years of the Republic of China when the monarchy was not far away, any disturbance about the state system would have a subtle impact on the hearts of the world. After all, the era of the old and the new was originally eccentric. Zhao Weixi, governor of Gansu Province, has always refused to cut braids, and even the people under his rule are not allowed to do so.Seeing that the survivors had a good time, he also sent a message requesting restoration of the posthumous posthumous law. In fact, folk private posthumous titles have never been broken.For the dead old ministers, the small imperial court also often issued posthumous posthumous titles to increase their sense of existence, such as Lu Runxiang's posthumous title of "Wen Duan" and Liang Dingfen's posthumous title of "Wen Zhong", so that when people talk about Zeng Guofan and Zuo Zongtang, they still say one "Zeng Wenzheng" and "Zuo Wenxiang" can't see a trace of new atmosphere.

And local officials, because they felt that officials in the Republic of China were not as powerful as those in the former Qing Dynasty, privately began to summon the souls of the feudal remnants.The county magistrate of Tongcheng County used his business card to meet Ni Sichong, the governor of Anhui, but was scolded as "a senior officer with no eyes" and was thrown out; Qiongya Dao Yin petitioned to restore the Qing Dynasty's ceremonial guards, such as passing people to order arrows, carrying eight large sedan chairs, and so on. Guangdong patrol envoys immediately Approval approved.

Not everyone loves national style.In the face of widespread opposition, Yuan Shikai issued a decree prohibiting the heresy of the disordered state system, and "deported Song Yuren back to his hometown" in the name of "old age, absurdity, and insanity". The Qing Dynasty was shocked. Concubine Jin (Concubine Guangxu) sent someone to the government to explain, and Yuan Shikai sent Ruan Zhongshu to meet on his behalf. The visitor handed over a secret letter from Lao Naixuan, saying that the German army was the strongest, and suggested that Puyi propose to the royal family and make the daughter of William II the queen. If so, there is hope for restoration.

This is really a bloody heart, moving the world. In order to avoid extra problems, Yuan Shikai did not delve into it, but ordered people to rebuild the "Measures for Cleaning Up the House" and formulated more stringent restrictive clauses. However, nothing can escape Yang Du's eyes. He noticed two facts. The first is the ups and downs of Ruan Zhongshu's career.The relationship between Ruan Dami and Yuan Shikai is needless to say. Almost all of Yuan's memorials in the pre-Qing Dynasty came from him, and he knew the secrets of the mastermind. It's a pity that in the Republic of China, the official document procedures changed, and Ruan Zhongshu suddenly lost his head, so he made soy sauce without knowing it.

Soon, Yuan Shikai assigned him a new task-running between Beijing and Xuzhou to appease and win over Zhang Xun, a growing veteran. Ruan Zhongshu's tireless figure left a deep impression on the contemporaries, and he was called "Shenxing Taibao". What moved Yang Du's heart was that when the Office of the Secretary of the Presidential Palace was changed to the Office of Internal History, it was Ruan Zhongshu who served as the Supervisor of Internal History.Yuan Shikai needs him to draft something, which is interesting. Another fact is the family affairs revealed by Yuan Keding, saying that Yuan Shikai ordered people to find "The History of Kaiser Wilhelm" and "European War" translated by Yan Fu to read carefully, and also hired Yin Chang as a tutor, and told his children not to learn English anymore, but to change everything. Learn German.

However, suspicion cannot be used as evidence in court.According to Yuan Ji's contract, no matter "president for life" or "aspire to pass on to a son", they are all highly operable, but proclaiming emperor has insufficient motivation and great risks. Yang Du understood that it was his turn to play. The eloquent and extraordinary article "On the Salvation of the Country by the Monarch Constitution" was published. Although the idea is reactionary, its theoretical contribution cannot be denied. As soon as the article came up, it clearly stated: To be rich and strong is the purpose of the country; to build a constitution is to achieve this purpose.

That is to say, we must first make it clear that we create a constitution for the sake of prosperity, not for the sake of a constitution. Then analyze geopolitics: Russia and Japan are both sovereign states and powerful states.I think that a republic is between these two great powers, with enemies on both sides, and the military strength is the same. When it comes to diplomatic negotiations, there is absolutely no back-up. If you want the country to survive, you can't get it. Yang Du did not deny the republic, but believed that "the republic wronged China, and China wronged the republic".

The foundation of a republic is the rule of law. In Yang Du's words, "a wise man cannot do good beyond the law, and an unworthy man cannot do evil beyond the law."Unfortunately, China has not had this habit since ancient times. Before his death, Song Jiaoren sent a telegram to Yuan Shikai saying that he "did not dare to have any rights." It can be seen that until then, "rights" did not mean what it is today, but a derogatory term. In Yang Du’s view, most people in the Republic of China did not know what a republic was, and they had neither the spirit of the rule of law nor the awareness of rights. doctrine tendencies.

In the logic of "the monk can touch it, but I can't touch it?", the so-called "civil rights concept" that "everyone can do it for the president" is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The chaotic perception left behind made Tang Degang feel that "a false republic is not as good as a real monarchy". Take Guangdong and Hunan as examples. The two provinces are the hometowns of Sun Wen and Huang Xing respectively, and have many party members.After the Second Revolution, the Kuomintang fled in all directions, and the governors of Guangdong and Hunan were replaced by Long Jiguang and Tang Xiangming.

The two have always been known for their cruelty, and the party members continue to challenge their bottom line. One day, Long Jiguang went out to see his brother, but was wounded by a bomb thrown by the party on the way.The assassin was arrested on the spot, and Long ordered people to be sentenced to death.At that time, "Ling Chi" had been abolished for many years, and the torture aroused condemnation from public opinion across the country.Facing the telegram of Yuan Shikai's questioning, Long Jiguang categorically denied it, and evaded: "After the murderer is brought to justice, the soldiers and civilians will hate this kind of atrocity, and it is inevitable that they will eat it."

In order to consolidate the position of governor, Tang Xiangming, who has less seniority, is even more bloodthirsty than the "Dragon King".The prison was overcrowded, and the sound of wailing in the execution ground outside Liuyang Gate continued all day long.In the past three years, there were 20,000 people who were murdered by Tang Butcher, and most of them were in the name of party members to cut off dissidents. Power won by violence can only be maintained by violence.Those in power live in the fear of "losing power and losing everything", and it is impossible to make any reforms to return power to the people. In fact, this kind of governor who has been in the limelight for two or three years cannot have any long-term plans, because even if people save political actions, they will eventually die. Over time, the Chinese-style republic has induced short-term behaviors by the government and the opposition, and everyone seeks personal gain in the name of the republic.The pessimistic duckweed wanders aimlessly in the world, desperately risking his life and drawing his sword. When one emperor falls, tens of thousands of emperors stand up and become brigade committees, youth mentors, and neighborhood committee aunts, all over the world, popping up from time to time to teach you how to behave. Yang Du firmly believes that only constitutionalism can guarantee the continuity of policies, so that "personnel changes, but the legal system remains unchanged" and avoid periodic historical avalanches.The reason why the Qing Dynasty fell was precisely because it did not listen to President Yuan Da's advice that "if there is no constitution, there will be revolution, and the two must be one of the two", and they engaged in a false constitution. So far, the reasoning is basically flawless.But when Yang Du presented his ultimate point of view, human beings were shocked: this is unscientific! Yang Xizi revealed his true identity: Only by implementing the monarchy can the success of constitutional government be ensured. In his view, there is no constitutional government in a country where every province can secretly recruit troops and smuggle arms.The ruler is still weak in "stopping chaos", how can he care about construction? Restoring the monarchy is tantamount to announcing to the world who will win the deer, and the deer hunters should stop thinking about fighting for the presidency. Yang Du believes that the relationship between the monarch and the constitution should be symbiotic, with the former maintaining the latter and the latter restricting the former. Thus governing the country with enlightened autocracy, severe punishment and severe laws, universal education, and embarking on the road to revival——Compared with Shang Yang's reform, there is one more curse on Qin Xiaogong's head. Yang Du's explanation is very far-fetched, saying that if the republic is changed to a constitutional monarchy, then the throne will be granted by the people's referendum and the constitution. In fact, no matter how powerful Yang Du's eloquence is, how step-by-step his derivation is, and if one is discarded, "On the Salvation of the Nation by the Constitution of the Monarch" can only be a castle in the air. That is feasibility. Or to put it another way: whether the people agree or not. The era of making decisions for others is long gone. People who always want to control others can only reap more and more disappointments, because your honey is not my arsenic? After the article was handed in by Xia Shoutian, Yuan Shikai inscribed the words "Kuang Dai Yicai" in his own handwriting, made a gold plaque and gave it to Yang Du, and there was no other indication. The attitude was not very clear, Yang Du decided to fight in a team. In fact, he recommended his teacher Wang Kaiyun to go out of the mountain a few months ago, but it is obvious that Wang Tongyun, who is in his eighties, has violated Yuan Shikai's aura for decades. When I first arrived in Beijing, I met Duan Qirui.Duan said disdainfully to the old man in a long gown and mandarin jacket with braids: "It's the Republic of China, is it still Huren's clothing?" Wang Kaiyun immediately replied: "Suit and leather shoes are also Huren's clothing." When visiting fellow villager Xiong Xiling, he asked, "Where is the State Council?" Xiong replied that it was in Jilingyuan (northwest corner of Zhongnanhai).Wang smiled lightly: "There must be many birds and beasts here." Xiong Zhi said he was joking and didn't answer. Wang Kaiyun insisted: "There must be a bear." Xiong Xiling couldn't help it: "I'm going to make fun of you, I have long since ceased to be the Prime Minister, and my successor is the former Shandong Futai Sun Baoqi, who is now renamed the Secretary of State. Xu Shichang is in charge." Wang Kaiyun said if he realized something: "After all, a high official is still a high official." Seeing Yuan Shikai, the old man Wang said to Zhou Ma, his personal maid: "This is my nephew (Wang and Yuan Baoqing were elected in one year, and they paid homage to the same year), does he look like the president?" Zhou Ma said: "He has a big head, but he is tall Shorter." During the banquet, Wang Kaiyun said to Zhou Ma again: "You should eat more, this is the emperor's imperial banquet back then." Yuan Shikai was speechless, but it turned out that there were even more speechless ones. Once, when Wang Kaiyun and Wang Kaiyun arrived in front of the Xinhua Gate, the old man suddenly said: "My old eyes are dizzy, isn't this the Xinmang (traditional "Hua" is close to Mang, referring to Wang Mang) Gate?" In the former Qing Dynasty, Wang Kaiyun often satirized the big officials in the frontier, so Yuan Shikai didn't bother with him.Unexpectedly, the next day, I learned that the old man had inscribed a pair of door couplets for the National History Museum, saying: "Especially for the people, especially for the country; in a word, in general"-self-appointed president of the Republic of China. Wang Kaiyun, who has specialized in imperial studies all his life, is not actually opposed to the imperial system, but Yuan Shikai who does not meet the conditions of a wise emperor in his mind.Therefore, after pretending to be a ghost in the National History Museum, the old man left without saying goodbye. Tangshan. Since Yuan Keding moved here in the name of recuperating from his illness, the headquarters of the imperial movement moved to the outskirts of Beijing. At the beginning of 1915, Liang Qichao, who was in the field, received an invitation signed by Yuan Keding, inviting him to the Spring Banquet. When they rushed to Tangshan, they found that only Yuan Keding and Yang Du were present.During the chat, the topic gradually turned to politics. The two talked about how bad the republic was, and tested Liang Qichao's attitude towards the restoration of the monarchy. Liang clearly objected, and advised them to stop this even more absurd delusion. The reason why Liang Qichao, who has been making choices all his life, is good in general is because he was in office for a short time and was out for a long time. In the words of historian Zhang Pengyuan, "whenever he retreated and was out of office, he made many constructive remarks; and when he was in power, They tend to disregard principles and ideals.” Yuan Keding didn't realize that he had made a fatal mistake.The sensitive Liang Qichao left Tangshan and immediately moved his family to the Tianjin Concession. You must know that this is the leader of the Progressive Party, which represents the backbone. Although the Congress is gone, it is extremely powerful in the local area, such as Cai E. However, Yuan Keding is very optimistic about the restoration of the imperial system, because he still has a trump card in his hand. The card was sent by Gu Weijun.Two years ago, he recommended his doctoral supervisor to the Legal Affairs Bureau—Dean of Columbia Law School and world political authority Gudnow. The founding of the Republic of China urgently needs constitutional experts, but Professor Gu, who has taught in the ivory tower of Columbia University for 30 years, obviously confused politics and political science, and took a high salary to consult . Under the framework of the separation of powers, the Legislative Affairs Bureau belongs to the "administrative" system. Looking at the "legislative" system of Congress from this standpoint, Goodnow finds that the problem is very serious. Those who drafted the constitution in Congress were too partisan, and even used the constitution to stipulate that "the cabinet is responsible to the House of Representatives." From an academic point of view, Goodnow believes that this "dictatorship of Congress" system is absurd.Moreover, he was disgusted with the "riot" (the second revolution) launched in the South because he didn't know the inside story. After all, he had experienced the Civil War when he was a child, so he naturally sided with President Yuan who represented the North. In the early days of the Republic of China, there were already frequent political changes. Goodnow, who returned to the United States as the president of Johns Hopkins University, did not understand China's national conditions even more when he came to China for the second time in the summer of 1915. At that time, the "Twenty-One" had just been signed, and Yuan Shikai assigned a propositional composition for the ancient consultant-comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the political systems of various countries in the world for reference. Goodnow felt that since it was a confidential letter to the president, he unreservedly discussed his thoughts to his employer from an academic point of view. Unexpectedly, this memorandum was obtained by Yuan Keding, and he organized Yang Du and others to translate it into "On the Republic and the Monarch" and publish it, which shocked the whole world for a while. The ancient prose advocates: there is no distinction between imperialism and republic, but it depends on whether the country that adopts it can adapt. At the beginning, the French Revolution directly inherited the aftermath of the American Revolutionary War, and was obsessed with freedom and democracy.However, because there was no tradition of parliamentary politics, it underwent two restorations. It was not until the collapse of the Franco-Prussian War that the French Third Republic was established. It has been nearly a hundred years since the people of Paris captured the Bastille. However, Latin American countries such as Brazil and Argentina, which got rid of colonization one after another and established republics, are even worse, moving towards oligarchy successively in the process of drawing tigers but not anti-dogs.If the dictator is strong, he can live in peace for decades, but when the strong man gets old or dies, because there is no fixed heir, all the heroes will often rise together and the whole country will be in chaos. Goodnow cited Mexican President Diaz as an example.The oligarch has been in dictatorship for thirty-five years and has been re-elected again and again. Finally, in the year of decline and illness, because there is no legal heir, the princes separatist regimes, and there are five presidents in one country. In short, Professor Gu's argument is not new: institutions are derived from culture, and culture restricts institutional changes. The radical and romantic France obviously cannot tolerate a high-ranking and imaginary monarch, while the calm, rational and nobility-loving England is willing to negotiate a compromise with the royal family. Specific to the Republic of China, Goodnow advocates a constitutional monarchy.Considering the risk of driving backwards, he proposed at the end of the article that three conditions must be met before the imperial system can be restored: 1. It will not cause objection; 2. Strictly determine the inheritance law; 3. Plan for the development of a constitutional government. The night in Ju Ren Tang was already very deep. The night is always reminiscent of death, the mysterious country from which no traveler has ever returned. Death is an inevitable thing, there is no other way but to accept it. Once upon a time, people were very grateful for being the first among hundreds of millions of sperm and winning the right to be born.But slowly found that this may not be victory, but exile.Life is pain, and the greatest pain is knowing that a black hole that means "eternal disappearance" will reap everything at the end, but you can only run towards it mechanically. The ancestors of the Yuan family generally lived short lives, and the age of fifty-eight became a threshold that could not be passed.Therefore, the fear of death continued to ferment in Yuan Shikai's later years. It is not difficult to find out by looking through the family letters that Yuan Shikai often told his family members not to break ground on the ancestral graves at will, and not to remodel the old house easily. In 1910, before Zhou Fu visited Huanshang Village, he asked Zhou to come with Yang Huanzhi, a geomancy master, and made a special trip to Xiangcheng to see the feng shui of the Yuan family's ancestors. Yuan Keding, who is well versed in the psychology of being a father, took the opportunity to create public opinion, saying that only by being the "true son of destiny" can he rewrite his destiny and overcome the barrier of life and death... Yuan Shikai did not understand that death is the only lighthouse that is always on. No matter where you sail, you must eventually turn to the direction it guides. Looking up at the night sky, he came up with a more desperate guess: the universe is actually dead long ago, and galaxies, stars, planets and even human beings are all its fragments. We live inside a corpse that accelerates expansion. The proof is that light can never travel from one end of the universe to the other. Since the speed limit of the speed of light cannot be reached, it means that the information at one end of the universe cannot be transmitted to the other end at all.If the universe is a person, it means that he is completely paralyzed and unconscious. And the earth, this dying cell, is orbiting an inconspicuous speck of dust (the sun) on the cantilever of the Milky Way, less than one millionth of its size. The Milky Way is also nothing special. The nearest galaxy is hundreds of thousands of light-years away, and there are at least billions of them in the insignificant dotted universe. Many years from now, the death of the sun will spell the end of the earth. But for now, the end seems to be far away.Museums, art galleries, and libraries are serious and solemn, as they were in the past, today, and forever—in fact, they are all landscapes before destruction. To the Milky Way, this human catastrophe is just like the Ganges without grains of sand. The same story is happening in the universe every day. How many unknown stories have disappeared outside the light cone, and no one has salvaged them. Everything is gone, death alone lives forever. Boundless pain created boundless terror, Yuan Shikai fell asleep in the cold loneliness... Malaysia is a constitutional monarchy country in Southeast Asia. There are many Chinese in Penang in the northwest corner, and it is an important port on the Strait of Malacca. Overlooking Penang, I saw a row of bungalows built in the 1950s, and the door of a small courtyard at the top was pushed open by a hobbled Obasan. "Mrs. Shen, thank you for coming to see me." The frail old man took his glasses from the bedside and greeted with a smile while supporting his sick body. Shen Yuying, who was in her nineties, said slowly: "I heard from Dr. Jia Huilin that you were nominated for the Nobel Prize. I was happy for you when I heard that you fell ill." Wu Lien-teh waved his hand: "When you get old, you will inevitably have a headache, it's not a problem." He pointed to the sofa, motioned Shen Yuying to sit down, and continued: "You didn't mention coming in the letter, is there something urgent?" Shen Yuying seemed to be in deep thought, and said for a long time: "My husband didn't have a fatal disease back then, and the doctor you recommended, Dr. Behier, also believed that the disease was controllable. Why..." Wu Lien-teh interrupted: "Uremia caused by bladder stones, hospitalized for surgery, absolutely no life-threatening." Shen Yuying: "But he refused?" Asking the other person is also like asking yourself. Wu Lien-teh looked out the window: "This is my hometown. It was not really independent until two years ago. Before that, the British, the Malays and the Malay Communist Party were fighting endlessly-is it very similar to China at that time?" Shen Yuying nodded: "It's not about whether the old man wants to be the emperor, and we are arguing." Wu Lien-teh: "The so-called political position is really the most worthless thing. According to Buddhism, the world cannot be expressed. When you express it, you are already wrong." Shen Yuying didn't answer. Wu Lien-teh: "According to calculations, a human life is only 20,000 days, and the things that can be touched are just a drop in the ocean to the world. Just like the ants in this yard, how can they express their opinions on Penang if they have never walked out of the yard? But human beings dare. They don’t know that the conclusion is simple, but the structure is complex.” Shen Yuying: "Politicians transform the world, literati summarize the world, and only scientists explore the world. Now it seems that our understanding of the world is far from enough, and we are not aware of distortion and processing." Wu Lien-teh: "Because people's senses are all outward, they lack understanding of themselves and have a lot of misunderstandings about the world. Therefore, greatness is managing oneself, not managing others." Shen Yuying agreed: "There is no one-size-fits-all answer, and there is no standard world schema. No doctrine can completely solve real problems." Wu Lien-teh nodded and said: "The increase in entropy of the universe (inclining to chaos) determines that everything is changing, and the so-called conclusions are incomplete and one-sided like a blind man trying to figure out an elephant. Therefore, Descartes said that everything can be questioned, only my doubts cannot be questioned." "But," Shen Yuying said, "if everything is suspicious, where is the boundary between truth and fiction?" Wu Lien-teh: "Hinduism believes that the world is a dream of Brahma. When you wake up, the world restarts. And Brahma is in another god's dream. The end of everything is nothingness." Shen Yuying smiled and said, "Zhuang Shengxiao dreams of butterflies, maybe you and I are also in a dream." Wu Lien-teh said seriously: "People live in a familiar environment, studying, working, falling in love, giving birth, busy, day after day. The front desk of the company repeats the same polite language, and the bank statements are sent every month on time. What is real? If you think that what is perceived by sight, smell and touch is real, then the signals generated by this bioelectricity acting on specific areas of the brain are not impossible to simulate." Seeing Shen Yuying's suspicious expression, Wu Lien-teh gave an example: "Imagine a scientific experiment in which the brain of a living person is removed from the body and put into a vessel filled with brain survival nutrient solution. The nerve endings are connected to the computer. According to the program, the computer continues to Send information to the brain, stimulate designated areas, and build a "real" virtual world. At the same time, through the transformation of the hippocampus and amygdala, rewrite the memory of the brain, making it completely "forget" passive hands and feet. So how do you guarantee Are you not in this predicament?" Shen Yuying said with a smile: "Isn't this the 'Allegory of the Cave'? A row of cavemen who have lived in a cave that never sees the sun for generations was locked up by their feet and necks like prisoners. They couldn't look around. They all faced the cave wall at the end. There was a burning fire in the rear, and several people holding objects walked around the flames, and the tall figures were projected onto the opposite cave wall by the fire. Since the 'prisoners' could not turn their heads and did not know the principle of imaging, they thought the shadows were entities. Name them Le, and get used to this kind of life. One day, a "prisoner" accidentally broke free from the shackles and turned around to find the truth. Along the winding passage, he walked out of the cave, but his eyes could not see anything due to the stimulation of the sun , there was nothing left. He had to go back the same way, and regretted it too much, hated himself for seeing everything clearly, but suffered even greater pain for himself.” Wu Lien-teh: "There is a heavy load inside the cave, and nothingness outside the cave. Plato wants to tell the world that we should base ourselves on survival, but we should not give up the pursuit of truth." Shen Yuying: "This side, or the other side? Go back to the imagination of the brain in a vat, even if that brain is awakened, so what? What is the use of facing the reality that is a hundred times crueler than the virtual?" Wu Lien-teh nodded: "Indeed, ignorance is happiness." Shen Yuying stared at him for a long time, took out a black and white photo from her bag, and said word by word: "Dr. Wu, is this real? Is everything around me an illusion?" It was a photo fifty years ago, Wu Lien-teh took it in Harbin, copied it and sent it to several friends. He took the photo, stroked it, and said, "There are too many loopholes that physics can't explain. How has nature ever been natural?" Shen Yuying said with emotion: "I often think that human beings live on a calm island of ignorance, in the vast and endless black ocean, but this does not mean that we should sail for it. So far, the in-depth development of natural science It has not yet caused a serious disaster to the world, but in the not-too-distant future, the patchwork and integration of isolated disciplines will open up a terrifying scene about the real world, human beings..." "It will perish in the spiritual ruins of the self," Wu Lien-teh said, "the ultimate form of civilization." Shen Yuying: "The ultimate form of civilization?" Wu Lien-teh: "Human beings have been transformed by the tools they invented for millions of years. Their teeth have degenerated and their fingers are dexterous. After the appearance of the steam engine, evolution has been soaring all the way, but it will eventually encounter an insurmountable gap-information decay. The development of technology can improve the dissemination of information. The efficiency and coverage of human beings are very high, but they can’t help the backward perception of human beings. That is to say, we are still limited by the primitive senses (ears, noses, mouths and eyes). The reason why the microscope can see details is because the field of vision is narrow enough, but in the era of information explosion, the so-called truth is clouded and mist, and each holds its own end, and the media has built a distorted world, where power and wealth are hidden behind, like puppets." Shen Yuying seems to have realized: "If technology can realize direct spiritual communication between people's brains..." Wu Lien-teh: "The interaction of thinking will be maximized, and productivity will be astonishingly developed. You must know that the human brain has 100 billion nerve cells, and axons transmit information at a speed of 100 meters per second. And all this, just need to get rid of The physical body exists in the form of a "prosthetic body", that is, the whole body except the brain is replaced with an electronic prosthetic body, and the appearance is the same as that of ordinary people. Through the prosthetic body, the brain is unified and networked to exchange information." Shen Yuying: "The question is, are you still you like this?" Wu Lien-teh: "From the day of birth, metabolism runs through the entire process of life. The first fertilized egg is declared dead when it divides for the first time, but how many cells die and how many cells are produced every day? Human existence cannot be relied on Physical confirmation depends on memory (otherwise, two identical clones cannot be explained). It is memory that shapes people's way of thinking and personality traits." Shen Yuying made inferences: "If you want to destroy a country, first destroy its history. History is the memory of civilization and the evidence of human existence." Wu Lien-teh: "Unfortunately, the Internet makes the memory unreliable and may be tampered with. The experiment of 'Drip Killing' assumes that the condemned prisoner is blindfolded and knows that his artery will be cut to bleed to death. Then, the executioner uses The back of the knife was cut across his wrist, and warm water was poured into his palm with a thin rubber tube. Although the prisoner did not shed a drop of blood, he died of extreme fear in the end." Shen Yuying: "I heard that doctors sometimes falsely claim nutritional supplements as the latest miracle medicine. After taking them, patients' illnesses are actually under control." Wu Lien-teh brought the topic back: "The prosthetic body will cause confusion about one's own existence, thinking that one may have died long ago, and the current 'I' is just a virtual personality born from the ocean of information. But this is not the most serious problem .” Shen Yuying: "Reproduce?" Wu Lien-teh nodded: "'Perfection' is both a blessing and a curse. Life is immortal through change, DNA is mutated in genetics, and it is an art of persistence and compromise to adapt tenaciously to the unpredictable environment. If you cannot reproduce, you will lose the most important responsibility of the living body - to continue the species. No matter how powerful the system is, or even immortality, it can only perish in the process of simplification. One virus is enough." Shen Yuying: "If inheritance is the meaning of life, prosthetics are obviously a challenge to the theory of evolution. However, Professor Wu, you still haven't explained this photo." silence. There was a long silence. Wu Lien-teh sighed and said, "We all don't exist, it's Program." Shen Yuying's eyes widened. Wu Lien-teh: "At first I thought it was a mental container, like a tank brain, uniform and stable, but Dr. Jia Huilin insisted that even for the purpose of experiments, human beings would not use such a system to 'lock up' the same kind, and they cannot Recovery. There's only one possibility." Shen Yuying's voice trembled a little: "What?" Wu Lien-teh: "This is a system beyond the control of human beings. The creator may be an extraterrestrial civilization, or it may be an existence that we cannot understand at all." Shen Yuying's face was full of disbelief: "You mean we're not even tank brains, just, just a bunch of codes?" Wu Lien-teh spread his hands together: "Maybe you can accept that everything around you is modeled, but you don't believe that human beings' rich and changeable emotions can also be programmed. This involves a question, what is human nature? Cheng Zhulu Wang tried to define human nature, But human nature is neither black nor white, not even gray, but "infinitely complex". People can have any idea in any environment, as long as the network unit is extremely complicated and complex to a certain extent, it will start to "human nature". The direction of development, simulate the personality." Shen Yuying still shook her head. Wu Lien-teh: "People in the three-dimensional world can only imagine the four-dimensional world mentioned in Einstein's theory of relativity, but cannot perceive it. Just like if there are a group of 'paper people' living in the two-dimensional world, they may talk about the three-dimensional world. Topics, but can't describe the appearance of this world. But we, who are in three dimensions, can see the whole picture of the two-dimensional world." Shen Yuying: "Even so, what is the meaning of this system?" Wu Lien-teh: "Many years ago, my father gave me an astronomical telescope. Whenever I used it to observe the night sky, I thought about the significance of human civilization to the universe. Later, I finally figured out that the appearance of human beings is purely accidental. Meaningless to the universe. The dispensability is so complete that it has no interest in clearing you. So instead of hostility from the universe, we feel indifference—you look out the window." Shen Yuying followed his gaze and saw a boy bouncing around in the yard, playing with stepping on ants. "Destroying you has nothing to do with you," Wu Liande said when Shen Yuying turned around, "No matter how we define our own meaning, it doesn't matter to the civilization above. This world is just a speck of dust in that world. Since it still exists, it means it is useful to them.” Shen Yuying: "What's Jia Huilin's opinion?" Wu Lien-teh pointed to the photo: "He was looking for the same 'miracle' all over the world, and finally he found one. Moreover, he even put his hand in it." Shen Yuying was a little excited: "What did he see?" Wu Lien-teh: "This system is a game in that world, simulating the evolution of civilization. Different countries undertake different simulation tasks due to their different geographical environments and cultural systems. We feel that after a century, in their view, it only runs for one or two years. minute." Shen Yuying looked serious: "What about China?" Wu Lien-teh: "Jia Huilin is a white man, but his research on China is much deeper than mine. He discussed with Joseph Needham and Fairbank why a unified centralized state was formed two thousand years ago in this land of China. The conclusion is 'Yellow River flood'. In ancient China, floods were serious. During the Warring States period, when the small countries along the Yellow River encountered floods, the upper and lower reaches could not coordinate to deal with it, and the losses were extremely heavy. As a nation based on agriculture, to resist floods, we must Establish a strong central government and mobilize resources quickly and efficiently. Therefore, China's autocratic system is more mature, complex and sophisticated than any country in the world. This external crisis also shapes the lives of Chinese people, making them constantly in an over-competitive existence in terrorism." Shen Yuying: "Sounds good." Wu Lien-teh: "This is one of the reasons, but not the root cause. After Jia Huilin experienced the 'miracle', the truth surfaced, namely the 'rational ignorance' of the Chinese people. Farmers themselves are farming, don't you know that 'the yield per mu is 10,000 catties'?" 'The absurdity? Scientists have basic common sense and don't understand what is produced by local methods of steelmaking? Leaders at all levels concocted fake data and don't know the disaster hidden behind the "great situation"? Rather than saying they don't know, it's better to say they don't want to know , because in this context, ignorance can bring benefits, bring security, and satisfy ideological paranoia, it is like a piece of fat, and dogs and dogs flock to it, each taking what he wants." Shen Yuying: "If the people are blind to the truth and turn a deaf ear to it, it will be very easy to ensure that the country simulates an autocratic regime smoothly." Wu Lien-teh: "That's right. In such a country, those who love the truth are doomed to be unlucky, and those who pursue the truth are doomed to be unlucky. But, Mrs. Shen, we are not here to criticize autocracy today. Without natural enemies, species will degenerate; without Despotism, democracy cannot highlight its value. This is the meaning of the system to generate a permanent autocracy." Shen Yuying: "Eternal autocracy?" Wu Lien-teh: "The Bourbon and Tudor dynasties in European history were also feudal dictatorships, but they were overthrown one after another. In some countries, the dictatorship is deeply rooted in the soul and cannot be overthrown. What, the core of dictatorship will never change." Shen Yuying: "But the heroes who resisted autocracy in history..." Wu Lien-teh: "It is not autocracy that resists, but the injustice imposed on itself. Therefore, they have created history and become obstacles in the way of history." Shen Yuying: "Why can't I leave Washington?" Wu Lien-teh: "The source code. Jia Huilin discovered in that incident that there is one line in the code that constitutes the Chinese people is the same, and it is generally manifested after the age of 30. He named it 'Kaliban'." Shen Yuying frowned and said, "Isn't that a monster described by Shakespeare?" Wu Lien-teh: "That's right, cold-blooded, assertive, and ambitious. Don't be angry. Beast nature exists before human nature. Without these qualities, human beings would be eliminated by nature in the era of ruthlessness and blood drinking. Who will get Zhou Gong's rituals and fun?" Kelly Classes are undoubtedly the foundation of despotism, and in the brutal competition for survival, the most primitive law of the jungle and the strictest hierarchical order last forever." Shen Yuying: "That being the case, from the Tang-Wu Revolution to the Revolution of 1911, what is the value of reincarnation?" Wu Lien-teh: "Autocratic self-renewal. The reason why life takes away all experience information when it dies, leaving only DNA, because the outside world is changing all the time, and past experience is not only useless, but will become a burden. From Zhongshu Province to military aircraft Although the evolution is slow, how many power games and bloody costs are hidden in it." Shen Yuying suddenly thought of something: "Why did my husband die?" Wu Lien-teh narrowed his eyes: "Probably destiny. Since the system defines 'eternal autocracy', proclaiming the emperor is the fate of the sky, the Chosen One (son of heaven's choice). If the monarchy can be well maintained, you can live a long life Also unknown." Shen Yuying murmured: "If my fate is up to the sky, do people still have the freedom to choose?" 伍连德：“也许你应该考虑的是'选择'这一行为或者说自由意志是否真的存在。桌上有一块蛋糕和一只苹果，蛋糕看起来美味，苹果没洗很脏；你即将跑马拉松，旁人劝你吃蛋糕补充能量。如果只能二选一，所有的条件又都指向应该选蛋糕，此时的'选择'不是注定的吗？推而论之，所有的'选择'不都是被我们的性格、身处的环境等等等等确定好的吗……” 伍连德的声音越来越小，袁世凯感到自己的意识在模糊与清醒间切换，他努力让自己在梦中多逗留几秒，终于看清了那张照片： 坟场的雪地上，一排排棺木和尸体露天停放着，长蛇般向景深处延绵。诡异的是，在距镜头不远处，画面从实景变成了线条，像被拦腰截断一般，这边是真实，那边是素描…… 久未北上的冯国璋来京述职了。 一个月前，冯在南京会见了南下探亲的梁启超，从其口中得知一条惊天秘闻——袁世凯可能会称帝。 半信半疑的冯国璋打算摸一摸袁的底——这事他不做，也没人做得了了。 在京期间，冯国璋受到了无微不至的优礼，甚至连其饮食习惯，大总统都了如指掌。 一日午餐，夏寿田作陪，有一大碗红烧猪蹄髈，袁世凯用筷子指着道：“这是华甫爱吃的。”说着，令差官打电话告诉冯将军等等再吃饭，总统有菜送过来，佐以大馒头四个。 又一日晚间，袁世凯回卧室休息，见几个姨太太和袁静雪在闲聊，便道：“今天冯华甫来了。” 袁静雪不知道冯国璋的字，就问：“冯华甫是谁？” 袁世凯说明以后，问女儿：“你应当叫他什么？” 袁静雪迟疑道：“叫世哥。” 袁世凯笑道：“不是世哥，是四哥。” 连自己续弦再娶的夫人，都是袁世凯给介绍的才貌双全的家庭教师周道如，冯国璋实在没有理由怀疑情同家人的大总统。 但在饭桌上，他还是忍不住发问：“外间传说，大总统欲改行帝制，请预为秘示，以便在地方着手布置。” 袁世凯道：“华甫，你我是自己人，难道你不懂我的心事？近来新法颁布，总统得授爵位，有人认为这是变更国体的先兆。我早就感到五族平等，既然满、蒙、回、藏都可以封王封公，为什么汉族同胞就不能？授爵条文对各族都不应限制，要一视同仁。但为免误解，目前还不打算授给汉人。” 接着又道：“袁家没有过六十岁的，我今年五十八，就做皇帝能有几年？至于为了子孙，我大儿子克定残废，二儿子克文假名士，其他的都还小，哪一个能继承大业？况且，帝王家从来没有好下场，我也不忍把灾祸留给他们。” 冯国璋试探道：“总统说的是肺腑之言，但到了天人与归的时候，只怕要推也推不掉啊！” 袁世凯面有愠色：“什么话！我有一个儿子在伦敦读书，已叫他在那边购置薄产，如果有人逼我，我就出去，再不过问国事。” 下来后，冯国璋找到“天子近臣”、机要局局长张一麐。张的话彻底打消了他的疑虑：“有人想做开国元勋（杨度），鼓动老头子当皇帝。但老头子不会这么傻，他的话是信得过的。” 张一麐不知道的是，前不久政事堂的一次密会上，针对由劳乃宣等遗老刮起的复辟风，袁世凯曾道：“满族业已让位，果要皇帝，自属汉族。清朝帝统取自朱明，最好找个明洪武的后人，实在寻不着，朱总长（内务总长朱启钤）也可以做。” 当然，据此便指责袁世凯连心腹（冯国璋）都骗，也不客观。称帝是何等大事，既想又怕很正常，表现出来便是一面默认，一面否认。 杨度跟夏寿田一合计，觉得既然呼之欲出，岂能袖手旁观？袁克定既然不喜欢北洋老人，背后唤徐世昌为“活曹操”，对段祺瑞的不满更是写在脸上，若日后登极，新朝宰辅的位子还不是他杨、夏二人的囊中之物？ 于是，杨度径自面见袁世凯，提出组织专门的机构宣传帝制。 袁世凯摆手道：“不可，外人知道你我关系，以为由我指使。” 杨度正色道：“我主君宪，十有余年，如办君宪，我当为发起人，且有学术上的自由，总统不必顾虑。” 见杨度意气激昂，袁世凯让他回参政院找孙毓筠商量着办。 想当年孙参政的“皖督”被柏文蔚抢走，一气之下投了袁世凯。 陆徵祥组阁时，孙毓筠被提名为教育总长，结果老东家同盟会极力反对，愣是给压了下来。 新仇加旧恨，孙毓筠开始天天挖同盟会的墙角，还主持起草了“袁记约法”，成为袁世凯的马前卒。 杨、孙一碰面，立刻决定成立以拥袁称帝为己任的“筹安会”，二人分任正副理事长。 另外四个理事是胡瑛、李燮和、刘师培和严复。 胡瑛是黄兴的弟子，同盟会元老，孙文当临时大总统时曾任山东都督，二次革命后逐渐倒向袁世凯； 李燮和是光复会的二当家，曾被以怨报德的陈其美抢走“沪军都督”。作为反袁急先锋，李燮和名列筹安会纯属乌龙事件。杨度再三威逼利诱他都不松口，最后被磨烦了，敷衍道：“我退隐已久，不问世事。诸君怎么做，各请自便，我既不拥护也不反对。”结果就上榜了； 刘师培乃一有才无德的国学大师。专治古文经的他名列《清史稿·儒林传》，早年跟章太炎好得跟基友似的，结果加入同盟会没多久便与之反目，又迫于经济压力被端方收买，为其提供情报，导致上海的革命机关遭到破坏。投入端方幕中后，被陈其美派来的杀手找到，魂飞魄散的刘氏夫妇献金求饶，总算苟且偷生。保路事起，随端方入川，被哗变的起义官兵扣留，幸得孙文通令全军，一致护卫，再得不死。经人引介，跑到山西去给阎锡山当顾问，又蒙其推荐赴京任参政院参政。四个理事里，属他最敬业，写了《国情论》和《君政复古论》等文为帝制张目。 严复是六人里的大腕，也是袁世凯在前清时就一直想拉拢的硕儒，但他总是不屑一顾道：“袁世凯什么东西，够得上延揽我？”辛亥后，严复的铁饭碗没了，一大家子等着吃饭，只好放下清高去找袁大总统，捞了个北大校长和海军部少将衔的闲差。严复主张君宪，但他始终认为袁世凯的才干只相当于一个督抚，绝非皇帝的理想人选。因此，他没为筹安会做过一件事，只是骑驴看唱本——走着瞧。毕竟，写过“男儿生不取将相，生后泯泯谁当评”的他从不甘心只当一个思想家。 据说，当袁世凯听闻严复也参加筹安会时，极为欢悦。 除了严复，能入袁世凯法眼的国士就剩梁启超和章太炎。可惜，与二者的关系都已搞僵。 本来，常年不爽孙文的章太炎同袁世凯有过一段蜜月期，但因思维方式的差异，终归昙花一现。 当初为了笼络章太炎，袁世凯任命其为“东三省筹边使”。这跟“蒙古屯垦使”“西藏宣慰使”一样，听着吓人，实则都是大而无当的空衔，作为荣誉称号收着就行了，没人会当真。 但章太炎认真了。 他兴冲冲地跑到长春去上任，结果发现从都督到道尹，根本没人理他，碰了一鼻子灰回来。 宋教仁遇刺后，章太炎对袁世凯的印象急转直下，到“二次革命”爆发，甚至帮国民党起草反袁檄文，遭军政执法处盯梢。 行动受限的章太炎把袁世凯颁他的勋章挂在扇子上当扇坠，破衣烂鞋地跑到中南海门口骂街，刷出“民国祢衡”的称号。 卫兵客客气气地把他请到接待室，说总统正在议事，不便会客。章太炎就坐下等，从早到晚，越等越生气，最后把房间里的花瓶茶具统统砸碎，赖着不走了。 代价是软禁龙泉寺。 根据袁世凯亲定的“优待措施”，章太炎的幽禁生涯并不煎熬——起居饮食，用款不限；骂人毁物，悉听尊便。每月发五百元薪水，比大学教授的工资都高。 同时，章太炎还享受讲学和会友的自由，但抨击时政的文字不得外传。 龙泉寺传出的骂袁之声日甚一日。章太炎在桌椅板凳上遍写“袁世凯”三字，每日以杖痛击之，呼为“鞭尸”；又用不同字体写满“袁贼”二字，扔进火堆焚烧，伴以“袁贼烧死矣”的大呼小叫…… 杨度也清楚，所谓的“筹安会六君子”，刨开严复，就是五个二线演员。因此，他对外只敢宣称这是研究国体的学术机构，等不明就里的会员参加了几次组织生活，才发现是以“劝进”为目的、吃财政饭的事业单位。 筹安会通电各省，发表宣言，把古德诺搬出来鸣锣开道，论证“中国不能不用君主政体”。 舆论大哗。 梁启超给袁世凯去了封长信，告其不要“舍磐石之安，就虎尾之危”；张謇跑到总统府当面苦劝，说到口干舌燥。 肃政厅全体肃政史联名上文，请求取缔筹安会。袁世凯的批示整个一和稀泥：“讲学家研究学理，本可自由讨论，但不应逾越范围”，让内务部查清后予以警告了事。 筹安会深受鼓舞，组织了名目繁多的“公民请愿团”，如“商会请愿团”“妇女请愿团”乃至“乞丐请愿团”，代其拟写请愿书，等9月1日参政院开会时呈递，要求立法变更国体。 Tianjin. 梁启超悲哀地发现，国民党解散，进步党失势，自己要再不站出来振臂一呼，天下就任袁世凯予取予求了。 绝非故作惊悚。三年来，以商人裘平治、湘民章忠翊为代表，上书泣求恢复帝制的情愿接连不断，帝王思想在民间根本就死而未僵。 心念及此，梁启超提笔凝神，平生最得意的文字《异哉所谓国体问题者》一蹴而就。 同后续的几篇雄文一道，梁启超汪洋恣肆地痛斥了变乱国体的群丑，如平原惊雷，振聋发聩： 自国体问题发生以来，所谓讨论者，皆袁氏自讨自论；所谓赞成者，皆袁氏自赞自成；所谓请愿者，皆袁氏自请自愿；所谓表决者，皆袁氏自表自决……左手挟利刃，右手持金钱，啸聚国中最下贱无耻之少数人，如演傀儡戏者然。 吾实不忍坐视此辈鬼蜮出没，除非天夺我笔，使不复能属文耳。 就令全国四万万人中有三万九千九百九十九万九千九百九十九人赞成，而我梁启超一人断不能赞成也。 袁世凯得知后大惊，以给梁父祝寿为名，派人带二十万元银票火速赶往天津租界，劝梁启超不要发表文章，遭到拒绝。 很快，《异哉所谓国体问题者》在《京报》发表，迅速引起轰动，报纸一抢而空。茶馆、旅店的客人因无报可买，只好辗转抄读，更有不少人直接跑到报馆请求再版。 群情激奋下，加上一向敬重的严修跑来规劝，袁世凯不得不作出回应，让政事堂左丞杨士琦到参政院宣读了自己的声明，称改革国体，极应审慎，当前来讲是不合时宜的。 袁克定慌了，召集杨度等开会痛骂严修，商量办法。 于是，怪力乱神出现了。 一天，袁世凯正在午睡，女仆端碗进来，一不留神给摔碎了。 袁世凯被吵醒，问怎么回事。女仆不慌不忙道：“我端参汤进房间，见大老爷床上盘着条龙，一害怕就把碗给打了。” 不久，四川督军陈宧来电，说宜昌的溶洞里发现酷似“神龙”的化石。 袁世凯当然不信这些鬼话，他更重视的是同朱尔典的一次密谈。 一战正酣，英国担心袁世凯倒向支持其称帝的德国，让朱尔典向袁大总统表达了对中国改行帝制“极为欢迎”的立场，只要不因此产生内乱。 美国也强调只要改制出于民意而非武力，便不干涉。至于日本，翻开其外务省在北京出版的中文报纸《顺天时报》，可以看到赞成是大于反对的。并且，政治学权威有贺长雄不止一次面劝袁大总统实行君主立宪。 自信满满的袁世凯开始着手制造“民意”。 在他看来，由无权无势的文人小打小闹的筹安会已不符合时代发展的需要，且已成为众矢之的，必须成立一个强有力的班子来推进此事。 以梁士诒为首，朱启钤、周自齐、阮忠枢、张镇芳、唐在礼和雷震春等十人组成的“总统班底”秘密开张。 梁士诒失宠久矣。 没有人比他更懂经济，也没有人能像他一样让袁世凯产生“离不开”的感觉。 从清末到民国，梁士诒打造了一个以叶恭绰为代表、围绕于他的“交通系”，遍布铁路、关税、银行和各大国企，控制着全国的经济命脉。 财权之外，梁士诒在总统府秘书长的位子上又牢牢把握着事权，同交通系的朱启钤、周自齐形成攻守同盟的铁三角。 搞钱能力一流的梁士诒也很受洋人喜爱，替英国代工步枪，跟美国合组太平洋轮船公司。逐渐，有入见袁世凯禀报工作者，总能听到“问梁秘书长去”的回答，其“二总统”的名号也因此越叫越响。 在梁士诒看来这显然不是什么荣誉称号，毕竟，以杨士琦、周学熙为首的“皖系”不爽他久矣，天天拿着放大镜找茬儿，袁克定也在杨度的影响下巴不得他滚蛋。 侍奉雄猜之主，获其信赖很难，而要摧毁建立起来的信任则再简单不过。 由于经常与各省军阀密电往来，时间一久，某些梁士诒自认的琐事就没有请示，而是自行处理。再加上反对派的挑拨离间，袁世凯的疑心病渐渐发作。 随着内阁被改为直接向大总统汇报的政事堂，居间联络府院（总统府、国务院）的总统府秘书厅撤销，梁士诒被贬为税务督办（国税总局局长），周自齐也从交通总长变成了农商总长。 当然，袁世凯决不会扔掉自己的钱袋子，而称帝这种兴师动众的事则更需要交通系的鼎力支持。 问题是梁士诒从内心抵制帝制，被袁世凯召见十四次，每回都顾左右而言他，决不松口。 袁克定建议敲山震虎，“五路大参案”旋即爆发。 铁路系统的官，一查一个准。在肃政厅的严参下，津浦、京汉、京绥、沪宁和正太五路局长营私舞弊的黑幕暴露在公众的视野当中，一时间舆论沸腾，对中央老虎苍蝇一起打的反腐决心交口称赞。 五个司局级撤职受审，由此牵连出的交通部次长叶恭绰也被停职。 见火候差不多，袁世凯叫来绝望的梁士诒，道：“参案本有君，我令去之！” 袁克定更直接，找到梁士诒问他肯不肯帮忙操盘，恢复帝制。 为了保全交通系，一身冷汗的梁只好点头。 财神的加入如虎添翼，运动进入快车道，五路参案也化作青烟，随风而去。 在总统班底的运作下，由段芝贵牵头，二十个省的军政首脑联名通电，劝袁世凯“速正大位”。 当然你会问，这帮人无法无天惯了，怎么突然步调一致起来？ 透过现象看本质，还是各逞其私。 有搞政治投机、图谋再上层楼的，如湖南的汤芗铭； 有阳奉阴违、暗中磨刀的，如云南的唐继尧； 有和光同尘、人云亦云的，如山西的阎锡山； 当然，也有指哪打哪的李逵，如安徽的倪嗣冲。 不过，北洋系资格最老的段祺瑞、冯国璋和张勋始终没吭声。 懒得伺候太子的段祺瑞已把陆军总长的帽子扔给王士珍，甩手不干；冯国璋正因老头子欺骗了自己生闷气；张勋对复辟是喜闻乐见的，但他拥戴的皇帝是溥仪而非袁世凯。 “民意”被迅速伪造出来。参政院召集国民代表大会，各省代表在当地投票表决国体。当然，代表资格都是经过审查的，选票也是实名制，保证万无一失。 以四川为例。在陈宧的安排下，会场每个代表的桌上都放有毛笔一支、墨水一盒、点心一盘，在笔杆、墨盒与点心上，全部刻有“赞成帝制”四个字。 <