Chapter 14 Chapter 12: The Qing Dynasty at the Top, the Trial and Reaction of the Republic

The hinges of fate rattled. Who doesn't have a dream?When the blood boils, dreams become beliefs.The era of heroes is an unfortunate era, but peaceful life is often mediocre and cumbersome.In that war-torn era, all people with lofty ideals embraced the grand plan to rule the world, but under the training of countless glory and failure, in the self-comfort of only asking about the goal and regardless of the means, there are countless people who have worked hard to forget their original intentions load…… Domineering, domineering, democratic, centralized, common people, righteousness, those positions as numerous as stars have created the dreams that people live and die on.

However, it is not wrong to have dreams, but it is a big mistake to force others to live in your dreams.It's a pity that from "princes, generals and ministers, I'd rather have kindness" to the Datong society of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, many moths rushed to that ray of light without thinking about themselves, but they have long been unable to distinguish between ideals and desires. They would rather sacrifice tens of thousands of people than give up their hearts. A persistent utopia. Finally, holding a big banner, he went to sin with a red face. This is like the difference between Chen Duxiu and Hu Shi.The former thinks that China will achieve freedom only when I follow Chen Duxiu to fight for freedom; while the latter is concerned that only when everyone fights for freedom, China will have real freedom.

Throughout Hu Shi's life, he was always vigilant against those leaders who advocated "sacrificing your personal freedom to seek the freedom of the country". Because he understands that there are two kinds of revolutionaries, one is that no matter what means they adopt, they will see the results of the revolution in their lifetime; the other is much purer: the revolution succeeds because of me. Can ends outweigh means?If it is possible, when the Duke of Zhou is afraid of rumors and Wang Mang is humble, who can see who? Facing the Qing government, Li Yuanhong's Hubei Group, and the Tongmenghui's Southeast Group, Yuan Shikai chose to follow Yang Du's suggestion: raise the bandits' self-respect and bring down the Qing court.

Only in this way can power be concentrated in one body; only in this way can China be prevented from falling apart and the ambitions of the great powers to carve up. The most urgent task at the moment is to deal with the Yan-Jin coalition forces and break the siege of the imperial court.Otherwise, when Wu Luzhen takes Beijing, he will completely retire. The sixth town was built into a monolith by Duan Qirui, and Wu Luzhen hadn't ruled it for a long time, so it couldn't be suppressed at all.Yuan Shikai easily bought a Guan Dai (battalion commander) and assassinated Wu at Shijiazhuang Railway Station.

The Yan-Jin coalition forces disbanded immediately. The Qing court, which was about to collapse, had no choice but to agree to the "Yuan Liutiao", promulgated an edict of guilt, and admitted that "there is no way to employ people, and there is little skill in governing."At the same time, the royal cabinet was dissolved, and Yuan Shikai was appointed Prime Minister of the cabinet through the election of the Council of Ministers, and he came to Beijing to form a cabinet. In a letter to Morrison, the Beijing correspondent of The Times, Yan Fu expressed regret: If any one of them is done a month ago, what effect will it have!History often repeats itself, which is exactly what Louis XVI of France did.It's too late!

Yan Fu was obviously foolish in the system, and didn't understand one of the most basic truths: Vested interest groups are the most stubborn existence in the world, even if they see a coffin, they won't cry.This is why Solzhenitsyn wrote that "the world is being overwhelmed by the brazen belief that power can do anything and justice can do nothing". The air at Zhangde Station in winter is cold, but the atmosphere is extremely warm. Up to the governor, down to the prefectures and counties, Henan officials collectively wore standard and attentive smiles, and followed Premier Yuan up to the platform step by step.

The sound of firecrackers, gongs and drums was noisy and festive. Yuan Shikai, who was in charge of all military and political powers, wore a first-class court crown and a crane suit, looked around and nodded in greeting. Bathed in the sun, the bright red top is like a raging fire. At the same time, Wuhan ushered in a mysterious guest. Cai Tinggan. Cai Tingqian, a young boy studying in the United States, was dubbed "Hot Tang Man" by his American classmates in his early years. During the Sino-Japanese War, he was the captain of the torpedo boat "Fulong". After the war, he was dismissed by the Qing government, and was introduced by Tang Shaoyi to join Yuan Shikai's curtain. With his proficient English and broad vision, he became more and more popular.

This time, Cai Tingqian took Yuan Shikai's secret letter, crossed the river in a low-key manner, and contacted the Wuchang Party members. Cai Tinggan was sent because he was Li Yuanhong's boss when he was in the Beiyang Navy.Of course, Tinggan did not disgrace his mission, and played a good show of playing hard to get for Yuan Shikai. He pointed out that the republic is not suitable for China's national conditions, and weakening the authority of the central government is helping the Western powers.He also reminded everyone that he had been educated in the United States and was well aware of the corruption that spread in his social life.

Cai Tinggan advocates a constitutional monarchy, the emperor does not hold power, and the prime minister is responsible, which is both stable and clean. But from Li Yuanhong's standpoint, since the anti-flag is raised, the Qing emperor must abdicate, otherwise Wuchang may be settled by Qiu Hou. Therefore, he lured them with profit and said: "I am planning for Xiangcheng, that is, to fight against the banner and go north. If the success is complete, the president should be the first choice." Song Jiaoren also chimed in and said, "Expelling the barbarians is worthy of being a man of the Han nationality. If so, we should respect and love him, and he will be the president. Compared with the current prime minister, there is a world of difference."

Huang Xing even asked Cai Tingqian to bring a letter to Yuan Shikai, boasting: "With Washington's qualifications, he came out to build Washington's deeds. The people are raining rain, and everyone looks up to Minggong." The big head saw the letter and knew it by heart, but he still had to do enough tricks and show it to the Qing court.Therefore, the condition for the peace talks offered to Wuchang is still a constitutional monarchy. Li Yuanhong was furious, and in front of everyone in the military government, he had always denounced Yuan Shikai's intention of asserting his authority and wanting to reap the benefits of the fishermen, and said righteously: "The overthrow of the Qing Dynasty is the bottom line. Otherwise, there will be no peace to talk about, only a scheduled war!" "

Yuan Shikai suddenly felt that Li Yuanhong was a good theater friend whom he had known for a long time.He stepped up the deployment of Feng Guozhang to attack Hankou, and he rushed to Beijing with his personal guards. Before leaving, he revealed his true feelings in a secret telegram to Zhu Jiabao, the governor of Anhui Province, who was single-handedly picked up by him: It is advisable to adapt to the current situation and wait for changes, and not stick to the book to form opinions, which will delay the overall situation. Within three days of arriving in Beijing, Yuan Shikai formed a new cabinet, and all the ministers were close friends: Zhao Bingjun (Ministry of Civil Affairs), Wang Shizhen (Ministry of Army), Hu Weide (Ministry of Foreign Affairs), Tang Shaoyi (Department of Postal Communications), Yang Du (Department of Academic Affairs) , Yan Xiu (Du branch)... Zaifeng was isolated and helpless, and he became increasingly disillusioned with the world of mortals, so he simply abdicated and returned to the vassal.Yuan Shikai put aside the war in Wuhan and carried out drastic reforms of the political system. First of all, stop entering the palace, except for special circumstances, the prime minister does not have to enter the palace every day; Secondly, the affairs of each yamen are submitted to the cabinet for approval.If it is really necessary to submit, it shall be delivered by the cabinet; Finally, let Longyu affirm the "family law": relatives and nobles are not allowed to interfere in political affairs. As soon as the three articles came out, the land of China truly realized the "virtual monarchy and constitution" for the first time. The door of the prison of the Ministry of Criminal Justice opened slowly. According to Yuan Shikai's request, a group of political prisoners were released, and Wang Jingwei, who led countless female fans to scream, was at the forefront. Soon, Liang Shiyi came to make friends with Yuan Shikai with 100,000 yuan, but Wang Jingwei only received a symbolic 1,000 yuan. As the chief writer of the League, Wang Jingwei was already famous all over the world at the age of twenty-eight, and his future was boundless.Yuan Shikai, who was seeking to make peace with the south, welcomed him into the mansion as a guest of honor, and asked Yuan Keding to become a brother with him. For the open-minded Yuan Shikai, Wang Jingwei fell in love at first sight, saying that "China must be republican, the republic must be promoted by the public, and the president must be the public." He sent people to Wuhan to spread the word, saying that Datou was not loyal to the Qing Dynasty, and that it would be better to unite with the North and the South, force the Qing Emperor to abdicate, and re-elect Yuan Shikai as the first president of the Republic. Hanyang. Feng Guozhang moved the cannon to Guishan Mountain, condescendingly, aimed at Wuchang and bombarded it randomly. The artillerymen of the Beiyang Army were all from a professional background, and they lifted the roof of the Dudu's Mansion after three times and five times.Li Yuanhong couldn't sit still anymore, and ordered his subordinates to pack up and prepare to leave. Zhang Zhenwu, who had the most determined revolutionary will, rushed over after hearing the news, and roared: "The enemy is in front of us. As a captain, as an example, how can we run away!" Li Yuanhong moaned and chirped, very embarrassed. Zhang Zhenwu called people to "protect" the great governor, and then left in a hurry to set up defenses. Unable to withstand the shells falling one after another, Li Yuanhong still fled in a hurry.Wuchang was in chaos, and it was only a matter of time before it fell. Fortunately, Yuan Shikai made seven calls a day to stop Feng Guozhang, and even transferred him back to Beijing as the commander of the Imperial Guards (director of the Central Security Bureau), and sent Duan Qirui to the front. When he heard that Yuan Shikai was going to make peace, Li Yuanhong could hardly believe his ears.It wasn't until the British Consul in Hankou, Grave Fu, appeared in Wuchang with the peace treaty under the instructions of the Minister to China Zhu Erdian, that he shouted "God bless me too". Zhu Erdian was Yuan Shikai's savior.In the first season, he played the role of the British consul in North Korea, who provided warships to help the hero get rid of the Japanese army. In this season, the role of the drama has increased significantly. As the representative of British interests in China, he has been secretly supporting Yuan Shikai. Wu Zhaolin and Sun Wu, Minister of Military Affairs, received Ge Fu and agreed to the truce. So Ge Fu showed the agreement and asked for a seal.But the governor's seal had been taken away by Li Yuanhong and could not be stamped. At the critical moment, a seal carving master named Gao Chuguan played an important role.In just a few minutes, a big white radish was engraved with the "Great Seal of the Governor" - the craftsmanship is so high that he can go to Xiling Yinshe to be Wu Changshuo's assistant. Hearing that the peace talks had been concluded, Li Yuanhong rushed back non-stop, fearing that someone would take away his position if he left for a long time. Li Yuanhong, who returned to Wuchang, was pleasantly surprised to find that not only did he not lose his position, but his position became more stable.Because it was clearly stated in the truce letter that he was the general representative of the negotiating party. Li Yuanhong had an epiphany: he was Yuan Shikai's leverage to play with the Qing court. This is a game of cat and mouse in which you have me. However, the balance was quickly broken by external forces. Nanjing, where the tiger dominates the dragon, was the ancient capital of the Nine Dynasties.Going up along the Yangtze River, you can control Wuhan; going down the river, you can reach Shanghai. Such an important town in the southeast that connects rivers and lakes and extends in all directions, because Zhu Yuanzhang established his capital here, as a political symbol, it has a profound influence on the Han people. On November 5, 1911, Ye Shengtao (1894-1988), a famous children’s writer, got up and was having breakfast when he heard his uncle coming back from the street say, “Suzhou has been restored!” Half a month ago, Ye Shengtao saw the news of the Wuchang Uprising from the "Shenbao", and followed the reporters excitedly - "This matter is also very confidential, so it was done by surprise" (actually, it was very hasty, and it is not classified as confidential) ; "Shameless and vicious officials have also been killed countless" (completely out of nothing). When Ye Shengtao was excited, he questioned angrily: "It is the bounden duty of Chinese compatriots to overthrow the Qing government, but what about Jiangsu?" Seeing that the provinces raised their flags one after the other, Jiangsu was still peaceful, Ye Shengtao said angrily, "Those who give up their vocation will not be ashamed of mankind. Are the people in our province still as shy as others?" The sad thing about the angry youth is that whenever they linger in the shared house and think hard about the future and destiny of China, the landlord will always knock on the door at the right time to demand the rent... The recovery of Suzhou was not too late, and there was no scene of blood flowing into rivers that the cynics were looking forward to. Instead, it was orderly and calm, which made Cheng De, the former governor of Jiangsu and the current governor of Jiangsu, embarrassed, and ordered his servants to A few tiles from the roof of the yamen (the office building has not been replaced) were knocked off to show the reform of the old. In fact, the recovery conditions in Suzhou were very harsh. Not far from Nanjing, there were three famous royalist parties in the country—Governor Zhang Renjun of Liangjiang, General Tie Liang of Jiangning, and Admiral Zhang Xun of Jiangnan. Cheng Dequan is open-minded, and he is very close to Zhang Jian and other constitutionalists, but Zuo Xiaotong (son of Zuo Zongtang), the chief minister under him, has always advertised himself as a loyal minister of the Qing Dynasty. It is also surprisingly reactionary-the reason why it can be recovered is due to the joint efforts of many parties. First of all, Cheng Dequan, who called for the convening of the National Assembly all day long, had just been reprimanded by the court for a trivial matter, and was downgraded to stay in office, and he was brooding; Secondly, the recovered Shanghai sent two heavyweight representatives: Yu Qiaqing and Chen Guangfu. The former is a business oligarchy who wanders between China and the oceans, black and white, and even Huang Jinrong and Du Yuesheng want to give him three points; the latter is the first private bank, a financial tycoon targeting ordinary citizens. The two expressed Shanghai's support for Suzhou and gave Cheng Dequan a reassurance. In the end, the Suzhou New Army had only one mixed 23rd Association with weaker troops, and Gu Zhongchen, a member of the Tongmenghui, came to tell Cheng Dequan that he had successfully instigated rebellion against the Association. Now that the current situation is trending, Governor Cheng simply pushed the boat along, tricked a few old stubborn men under house arrest in the governor's yamen, and declared independence. Zuo Xiaotong fled to Nanjing at the risk of his life and warned Zhang Renjun. The governor of Liangjiang has three provinces under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu, Jiangxi and Anhui, and the safety of Jiangsu is undoubtedly the top priority.However, after Shanghai and Suzhou, Wuxi, Changshu, and Yangzhou were restored one after another. In the end, even Zhenjiang, the gateway to Nanjing, was taken by the Ninth Town of the New Army. Xu Shaozhen, the governor of the Ninth Town, has read extensively and written a lot. He is a well-deserved military strategist. Xu Shaozhen, who has a library at home with a collection of 200,000 volumes, attaches great importance to the cultural quality of the officers and soldiers of the new army. In the process of building an army with both civil and military skills, Bai Wenwei and Xiong Chengji under his command have embarked on the road of revolution. In fact, Xu Shaozhen has always been devoted to revolution, but because of his clever disguise, Zhang Renjun has never been able to catch him. Until the recovery of Suzhou, Xu Zhentong finally raised the banner of rebellion.However, due to Zhang Xun's interference, the Ninth Town has only three bullets per capita. As a strange flower among the Han people, Zhang Xun was a bandit when he was young, joined the Huai Army, suppressed the Boxer Regiment, and escorted Cixi who was "Xishou" back to Beijing. The one who rewritten his fate, besides Cixi, was Yuan Shikai.Therefore, after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, he once said to Xu Shichang: "When Gongbao (Yuan Shikai) is here, follow Gongbao; if Gongbao is not here, follow the old dynasty." As an illiterate, Zhang Xun only started to practice writing after he became well-off, and asked his staff to teach two historical stories every day. It is estimated that the thought of loyalty to the emperor was cultivated during this period. The first domestic battle of Zhang Weishuai Vega was the defense of Nanjing. First, the two soldiers in the Ninth Town were blasted to pieces by the Qing army defending Yuhuatai, and their corpses were strewn across the pillow.Considering that the braided army has been brainwashed, and everyone regards foolish loyalty as patriotism and death as home, Xu Shaozhen joined forces with Shanghai Governor Chen Qimei, Jiangsu Governor Cheng Dequan, and Zhejiang Governor Tang Shouqian to form a "Jiangsu-Zhejiang Allied Army" of more than 10,000 people. Zhang Xun led 7,000 troops to supervise the battle in person, and started a fight with the coalition forces. In the two days of fierce fighting, both sides suffered casualties.Zhang Xun retreated to the city, resisted tenaciously, and went out of the city to harass him from time to time, which made the coalition army exhausted. During the tug-of-war, the coalition forces took the outer commanding heights such as Xiaolingwei and Shizishan, set up heavy artillery, and aimed at strategic points such as Taiping Gate and the Governor's Office. The braided army suffered heavy casualties. Zhang Xun repeatedly sent telegrams to the cabinet for help, but Yuan Shikai ignored them. Braid commander had no choice but to pack up the remaining soldiers, armed with ten heavy artillery pieces and several machine guns, and defended Tianbao City located in Zijin Mountain in the eastern suburbs. The terrain of Tianbao City is dangerous, easy to defend and difficult to attack. Once it is captured, Nanjing City can be seen in full view, so you can take advantage of the situation. After seven days of bloody battle, the coalition forces conquered Tianbao City on the mountain of corpses.Zhang Renjun sued for peace through the U.S. consulate, and Nanjing was restored. Zhang Xun fled with the disabled soldiers, still thinking about going to the mountains to fight guerrillas. Beijing. The more Prince Su Shanqi thought about it, the more troublesome he became: With the strength of the Beiyang Army, if Yuan Shikai hadn't stopped and fought, the revolutionary party in Wuchang would have collapsed long ago. He sincerely felt that if the revolution was successful, half of the military medals would go to Yuan Shikai who did not destroy the imperial food, but dragged the whole country out of a messy situation. An angry Shanqi joined forces with several relatives to aggressively question Yuan Shikai, who was called "Blessing the Qing Dynasty, but actually the Revolution of 1911": Hanyang and Hankou have been restored, and Wuchang is just around the corner. Why do you want to make peace with the bandits? Yuan Shikai smiled contemptuously: Although the situation in Wuhan is good, Nanjing has fallen.The party members are powerful, bewitching the people of the country, and the morale of the army is fluctuating. It is an expedient measure to negotiate peace.I will destroy the party members for a period of three years.If you act blindly and take the world as your only bet, you might as well exercise power on my behalf, and Yuan will step aside! One sentence blocked the Mandarin back. From this group of people, Yuan Shikai discovered a rule: Those who talk about patriotism all day long are actually the least patriotic. The proof is the financial panic triggered by the Wuchang Uprising. National banks such as the Qing Dynasty and Communications Banks all over the country had runs, and the instigators were the dignitaries who first obtained inside information.Only Yikuang himself made a one-time withdrawal of 250,000 taels, which made the already depleted government finances even worse. The Du branch wanted to borrow foreign debts, but the big powers had already doubted the ruling authority of the Qing Dynasty, believing that only Yuan Shikai could bring China on the right track, and refused to lend. What is even more tragic is that after the outbreak of the uprising, the governors of the provinces took control of the local finances, and often used clever tricks to take advantage of the central government. Zhili said it would "defend the sacred capital", Shandong called itself "the gateway of the capital"; Shaanxi and Gansu emphasized "protecting the Central Plains", and the three eastern provinces talked about "consolidating the foundation". In a word: want money. In fact, it is the front line that is really short of money.In the memorial to Longyu, Yuan Shikai suggested that the old porcelain stored in Fengtian Palace (now the Imperial Palace in Shenyang) be transported to Beijing to change the price for payment, so as to save the immediate situation. As a result, Zhao Erxun, governor of the three eastern provinces, was angry at the court because of his younger brother Zhao Erfeng. Under Yuan Shikai's instruction, Duan Qirui, Jiang Guiti and more than a dozen high-ranking generals jointly called the Qing court, declaring that "the wages must be paid first in the war of words." Relatives, privately deposited tens of millions of taels of silver (conservatively estimated to be 70 million taels) in foreign banks.If the salary source is not in order and the soldiers are angry, I am afraid that there will be unbearable disasters. The Qing court quickly issued an order to let relatives and nobles understand the situation and raise funds to help pay.But even so, the incomparably rich Yikuang only donated 100,000 taels, and the rest were a drop in the bucket. Even Ijiin, the Japanese Minister to China, couldn't bear to see this situation, and sighed to Yuan Shikai: Before my father-in-law (the fallen leader Toshimichi Okubo) was assassinated, he had donated all his property to the cause, and he had less than 50 yuan left on him.If your dignitaries had any love for their country, they would have given away their buried treasury in times of crisis, so that the government could stop the revolution from spreading.But they did nothing and valued wealth more than country. Yijiyuan's words are wrong.Maybe it is precisely because people are completely desperate for the current regime that they are deliberately greedy and want to have a shock therapy and start over.Such foresight and foresight, how can those court loyal dogs in the Metropolitan Procuratorate know about it? South of the Yangtze River is another scene. The world is still undecided, and the independent provinces played the traditional game of "fixed in one". Forming a provisional government and ending the situation of doing things on its own will indeed help to speed up the fall of the Qing court, but it will be followed by endless party struggles. First, Li Yuanhong used the irreplaceable political resource of "Shouyi City" to order the world, and called the provinces, requesting to send representatives to Hubei for a meeting. Two days later, the provinces received another telegram from Chen Qimei: Please come to Shanghai for a meeting. Chen Qimei didn’t choose a good day to send his electricity. On November 11, 1911, the once-in-a-century Singles’ Day, no one paid any attention to him, and they all went to Wuhan for a meeting. After the recovery of Nanjing, Song Jiaoren lobbied the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, preparing to publicly recommend Huang Xing as the Grand Marshal and Li Yuanhong as the Deputy Marshal (the position of the President was vacant for Yuan Shikai), and set up a provisional government in Nanjing. As soon as this discussion came out, there was an uproar in Hubei, and the revolutionary soldiers who had seen Huang Xing's leadership collectively refused to accept it. Huang Xing was also unwilling, because he heard that Sun Wen had left the United States to return home.He didn't want to be the Grand Marshal, but just watched his friend come back as a "sea waiter", and finally split the League. As the last ray of afterglow shines on the world, the winter sun sets, and the capital of the Qing Empire shows the afterglow before the doomsday. The frosty wind blew up and lifted the loess on the royal road, adding a layer of turbidity to the dark sky, as if the future of the Qing Dynasty was bleak. The big bell in the palace was swayed from side to side by the blowing, making a dull metallic clanging sound.The dragon flag erected high on the city wall was hunting in the yellow dust that covered the sky and the sun. Longyu finally began to face the reality, because the finances had completely collapsed, and even the salaries of the embassy staff abroad who represented the face of the Qing Dynasty could not be paid. In desperation, she humbly complained to several provinces that had not yet broken away from the rule: "I beg all the provinces to share in the relief, and relieve my urgent needs." Either because they have too much time to take care of themselves, or because they have other plans, very few people responded to Beijing's request for help, and they even directly refused. The situation gradually became clear, the military strength of the North and the South were equal, the North could not calm the South, and the South could not annihilate the North.Either rule the river, or the Civil War, but with the great powers around, China will be pushed to the brink of being split. In fact, the purpose of the Southern Army was nothing more than depopulation and the establishment of a republican government (that is, state power shared by citizens), and it did not conflict with the Northern Army. As long as Yuan Shikai was not excluded, it was easy to reach a consensus. Therefore, Wang Jingwei repeatedly encouraged Datou to be China's Washington, and praised him as "one word is enough to secure the world". When the vines wither and the melons fall, this is the right time. However, there is still huge resistance to the negotiation from behind the scenes to the public.Headed by Liangbi, the "Zongshe Party", the stronghold of the Manchu dynasty's surviving elders, sent people to hang around the gate of Yuan's mansion all day long, showing a corner of the pistol in his arms from time to time, and smiling maliciously at Yuan Shikai who was in court. In order to avoid long nights and dreams, Yuan Shikai went directly to persuade Longyu: "You might as well talk to the revolutionary party. If it can be resolved peacefully, it will save lives." Orphans and widows, internal and external difficulties, is there any other choice? Yuan Shikai, who was authorized, agreed with the South to hold formal negotiations in Shanghai. The representative of the South was Wu Tingfang (1842-1922), a veteran diplomat who came out at the begging of Chen Qimei. As Li Hongzhang's right-hand man, Wu Tingfang was China's first doctor of law and the first lawyer to be listed as a lawyer. He served as Minister of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Minister to Spain and the United States, and lived in Shanghai after returning to China. The professional and shrewd Wu Tingfang made the great powers love and hate. The New York Times called him "our wise and funny old friend," and Zhu Erdian referred to him as "the rap old guy." Gu Weijun, a student studying in the United States, has listened to Wu Tingfang's speech many times and was deeply impressed: Every time he came out, he wore a gorgeous Chinese robe and an equally gorgeous waistcoat.Wearing a small cap with melon skin and a big gemstone on it, the appearance is dignified and unforgettable. Wu Tingfang's American friends all know that he is a revolutionary, but because he hides too deeply, he rarely shows himself.It was not until the Wuchang incident that an article was published in "Zi Lin Xi Bao" to publicly support the republic. Wu Tingfang, who moved out of Shanghai and didn't care about world affairs, was Chen Qimei's proud handwriting. With this trump card, Wuchang, which was still under siege, could no longer compete for a place for peace talks. The northern representative is Tang Shaoyi, who has a high appearance rate. Having spent seven years of adolescence in the United States, Tang Shaoyi has long planted the seeds of American democracy in her heart, and it will blossom and bear fruit when the climate is suitable. As a result, the Qing court sadly found itself so unpopular. Wu Tingfang and Tang Shaoyi are old acquaintances, and they both have breathed Europe and the United States, tacit understanding.So during the day, I sat there solemnly and said nonsense for the media to read, and at night, I got together to recall the past and express my heartfelt feelings. Tang Shaoyi took Wu Tingfang's hand and said emotionally: "My republican thought was earlier than yours. What I'm discussing today is not against the purpose of the republic, but a way to achieve peace." In the end, even the French consul saw the problem, and wrote in the report sent back to China: Was Tang Shaoyi won over by the other party in advance, or did his actions follow a well-arranged plan?In any case, from the first contact he seemed to be strongly affected by the atmosphere around him, as if he had decided that the cause of the Empire was hopeless. Of course, everything is in Yuan Shikai's layout. The "Times" reporter Morrison who was very close to Datou said to people many times: "Yuan Shikai knows Tang Shaoyi's republican thinking, and he is allowed to say so." In fact, it is easy to understand.Yuan Shikai's strategy was to bargain with the South for a "constitutional monarchy", and then use the "democratic republic" in the South to force the imperial court, and he himself would benefit from it (the great president). Therefore, Tang Shaoyi's political inclination and good-natured face determine that he is the best candidate to sit at the negotiating table. But his performance made the revolutionaries feel embarrassed, and the censors in Beijing began to impeach him for "collaborating with bandits and betraying the country." Yuan Shikai, who was well prepared, ignored it at all. He still had a secret negotiation channel between Duan Qirui and Huang Xing. The representatives sent by the two started underground negotiations and determined five substantive secret agreements: 1. Determine the form of republic; 2. Preferential treatment for room cleaning; 3. The person who overthrows the Qing court first becomes the president; 4. The soldiers of the North and the South are not responsible for the war; 5. Restoring order in various places. Duan Qirui got the signed contract and immediately sent Jin Yunpeng (later called Duan's "Four King Kongs" together with Xu Shuzheng, Fu Liangzuo and Wu Guangxin) to Beijing to report to Yuan Shikai. Yuan Shikai only had doubts about the third article "The one who overthrows the Qing government first will be the president", and wanted to change it to "publicly elect Yuan Xiangcheng as the president".Later, through Zhang Jian's matchmaking, Tang Shaoyi met Huang Xing closely, and got the latter's assurance, so he no longer doubted it, and made arrangements with Xu Shichang to prepare for the forced palace. First let people fan the flames everywhere, talk about the prosperity of the Southern Army, and create panic, and then go to intimidate Yikuang in person, and fight them if you can't agree, but if you lose, the "preferential treatment to clear the room" will definitely be rejected. overthrow. Yikuang turned around and went to scare Longyu. At the same time, Tang Shaoyi sent a telegram to ask the imperial court to convene an interim parliament for a referendum on the state system. Long Yu, with tears in his eyes, called Yuan Shikai urgently and said: "You see what to do, that is what to do. No matter what the overall situation is, I will never blame you. When the emperor grows up, I will not blame you." Yuan Shikai: "Wars must be paid, but the national treasury is empty, so there is no certainty. Now Tang Shaoyi invites a parliamentary referendum. If a constitutional monarchy is agreed, it is very good; if a republic is agreed, the royal family must be given preferential treatment. This matter is very important. Please summon the nearest Prince Zhi discusses." Seeing that it was almost at the door, an uninvited guest set foot on the territory of China. When the Wuchang Uprising broke out, Sun Wen was working as a waiter in a Chinese restaurant in Colorado, USA. When he saw the news in the newspaper, he immediately decided to visit Britain and France, and explained to his friends: "The key to the success of the revolution at present is not military, but political, especially diplomatic (sorry to say 'financial aid'). " Therefore, it was not until Christmas of the year of 1911 that Sun Wen, in a neat suit, appeared at the Shanghai pier. Among the welcoming crowd, a reporter asked loudly whether Sun Wen, who had walked down the gangway, had brought back a huge sum of money to support the revolution, but the answer he got was typical Sun's humor: "I have no money, and what I brought back is the ear of the revolutionary spirit." !" Mental strength is still considerable.Every now and then, there were news in the newspapers that someone pretended to be Sun Wen's nephew and robbed property, and someone pretended to be authorized by Sun Wen to seize the position of governor, so that Ma Junwu (the founder of Guangxi University), the backbone of the League, said with emotion: "Oh, Sun Wen, how many crimes have been faked by you?" The name!" Just as the "New York Times" predicted immediately after the Wuchang incident (if no accidents, the famous exiled revolutionary Sun Wen may be elected as the president of the Republic of China), the encouraged southern comrades decided to live in order to obtain diplomatic recognition as soon as possible. The rice was cooked and cooked, and a provisional government was established, with Sun Wen as the provisional president. Wang Jingwei, who returned to the southern camp, strongly opposed it, thinking that this move would anger Yuan Shikai; Song Jiaoren supported it with reservations, that is, Sun Wen could be the president, but the political system must be a cabinet system rather than a presidential system. The so-called cabinet system means that members of the National Assembly are elected by the people to form the National Assembly. The leader of the majority party in the National Assembly serves as the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister forms a cabinet and is responsible to the National Assembly.The president is similar to the British king, just a vacant seat. The presidential system is an American-style democracy, in which the executive power is in the hands of the president, who is accountable to Congress. Revolution is easy, but construction is difficult.Sun Wen believes that if China wants to achieve "constitutional rule", it must first go through two stages of "military law" and "covenant law", a total of nine years-and this is exactly the time when Cixi announced the preparation of a constitution. From his point of view, a strong central authority is needed during the turbulent transition period, otherwise system building will be empty talk.Therefore, Sun Wen and Yuan Shikai agreed that only as an American-style democratic presidential system can the head of state implement his own political ideals—of course, under the constraints of the Constitution and Congress. But the persistence of Hunan people should not be underestimated, not to mention that Song Jiaoren has studied political science all year round, and the literature he has read can cremate everyone in the Tongmenghui. However, due to his abnormal enthusiasm for the cabinet system, comrades in the south agreed that Song Jiaoren wanted to be the cabinet premier himself.Looking at their age and seniority again, they all shook their heads and collectively passed the presidential system. On January 1, 1912, Nanjing Xiaguan Station. The salute was fired, and the cheers shook the sky. Sun Wen, who was wearing a khaki military overcoat, got off the train energetically and waved to the crowd. Accompanied by military music, Sun Wen arrived at the Presidential Palace (formerly Liangjiang Governor's Office) in a special car and was sworn in as the interim president. The ceremony is scheduled for ten o'clock in the evening.Huang Xing stood on the left, Xu Shaozhen stood on the right, and officials above the section chiefs of all departments were all dressed in suits and arranged in two ranks. Sun Wen, 46, swore loudly: Overthrowing the Manchurian autocratic government, consolidating the Republic of China, and striving for the well-being of the people is the general will of the people, and it must be faithfully followed to be loyal to the country and serve the people.When the autocratic government has collapsed and there is no chaos in the country, the Republic of China stands out in the world and is recognized by all nations. Si Shiwen should relieve the post of interim president.I take this oath to the people. The watershed between the monarchy and the rule of the people is condensed in this oath of less than one hundred words.However, the crowd cheering at the scene did not know that the road to the republic was rugged and long, and another hundred years might not be enough. Two days later, the provincial representatives voted to elect Li Yuanhong as the vice president, Huang Xing as the army chief, and Xu Shaozhen as the commander of the Nanjing garrison. Fatty Li was not happy at all. Almost all the top and bottom of the provisional government are members of the Tongmenghui, and none of the heads of ministries is from the Wuchang Group.Sun Wu, the hero of the first justice, went to Nanjing to run for office, thinking that it would not be a big problem to get a deputy minister, but he returned empty-handed. In terms of cronyism, even returned overseas Chinese are not exempt from customs. Fatty Li made up his mind to "join Yuan and reject Sun", and used the "Northern Expedition" as an excuse to expand the Hubei army to eight towns, tirelessly cultivating personal power. The one who was most angry was Yuan Shikai. Feeling cheated, he suspended the pace of forcing the palace, forced Tang Shaoyi to resign, and assumed the power of negotiation by himself, and asked in the telegram sent to Wu Tingfang: Since the issue of the state system was resolved by the provisional Congress, it was heard that Nanjing had suddenly organized a government, which was obviously contrary to the previous discussion.What is the purpose of this presidential election? Southern partisans are actually vulnerable. Once, someone from Anhui asked Nanjing for payment, and Sun Wen approved 200,000 yuan with a wave of his hand.But when Secretary-General Hu Hanmin took the approval slip to the Ministry of Finance to ask for money, he found that there were only ten cash in the treasury. Zhang Jian, the chief executive of the industry, reports to Sun Wen, and this is the first interview between the two.In that day's diary, Zhang Jian's evaluation of Sun only had four words: I don't know the edge of the cliff (boundless). The impoverished provisional government came up with the idea of ​​China Merchants, which had just escaped from the clutches of the Qing court and turned into a private company.Under Huang Xing's instructions, Chen Qimei prepared to take over China Merchants by force, and mortgaged it to the long-coveted Japan in exchange for a loan of 10 million taels of silver. Later, due to the uproar of public opinion, he gave up and changed to China Merchants to "serve" the provisional government with 500,000 taels. Sun Wen's Japanese friend was so sincere that he extended an olive branch full of checks and wanted to jointly establish Hanyeping Company (China's first iron and steel complex) with the Chinese side.And the person who actually handled this matter was the notorious Sheng Xuanhuai. Of course you will ask, what kind of trouble is going to be made by rushing the cubs to sell the father's land? Against Yuan. From the moment he stepped off the ship, Sun Wen never trusted Yuan Shikai, and he only wanted to go straight to Beijing.In his telegram to Chen Jiongming, he said: "Peace negotiations are hard to come by, and the end of the war is about to start. The chance of winning or losing is based on borrowing." And the reason why it is exclusively borrowed from the Japanese stems from a looming secret history. Many people think that Japan took a contemptuous attitude towards China after Sino-Japanese War, but it was not the case.Because the Meiji Restoration did not cut off Japanese cultural traditions, anyone with a little knowledge had read Confucius and Mencius, and Admiral Togo Heihachiro bowed his head to worship Yangming all his life.Therefore, when one of Kang Youwei's nephews went into exile in the Japanese countryside, he was still welcomed and respected. Although China lost the Sino-Japanese War, Japan is still weak and has a deep sense of crisis from the overall perspective. People's emotions and fears are projected to the political circle, making "how to prevent China's retaliation" the top priority of its foreign policy. Before Shigenobu Okuma became prime minister, he arranged for his confidant Inuyang Takeshi to send ronin to China to investigate the secret society and find anti-Qing forces.Among them, a righteous man named Miyazaki Tozo discovered Sun Wen and immediately became his follower. Through Miyazaki, Sun Wen caught up with many bigwigs in the Japanese government and opposition, but regarding these so-called "friendships", Inuyang Takeshi revealed the truth in a letter to a ronin: Although they (Sun Wen and others) are worthless things, I still hope that my brother will hold them for future use. In fact, one only needs to look at the disciples (Kenji Doihara, Seishiro Itagaki) trained by Touyama Mandu, an extreme rightist who is closely related to Sun Wen, to understand Japan's motives. In order to overthrow the huge Qing court, Sun Wen, who is weak and weak, seems to have only one way to go. After the provisional government was established, Tou Shanman went to Nanjing to persuade Sun Wen to abandon the peace talks and launch the Northern Expedition (because Yuan Shikai was always wary of Japan, and it was obviously not good for Japan to unify China by him).后者则提出，如加大援助，可将东北租让给日本。 张謇对日本的渗透极为不满，挂冠而去，并苦劝孙文： 举凡商业，皆可与外人合资，惟铁厂则不可；铁厂容或可与他国合资，惟日人则万万不可。其处心积虑以谋我，非一日矣，然始终不能得志，盖因日本全国三岛，无一铁矿。 看来只要去过朝鲜的都清楚日本的真实嘴脸。 远在武昌的黎元洪也发来电报，表示愤慨： 前清屡次抵债，尚顾惜汉冶萍公司。今乃民国新造，反弃此权利，恐清朝遗孽亦当笑人矣！ 看来打过甲午海战的也清楚。 加之北方秣马厉兵、枕戈待旦，南方党人唯恐把袁世凯逼急了变身为曾国藩，相继转向。 孙文愈发孤立。 在汪精卫、胡汉民乃至黄兴的轮番苦劝下，孙文不得不审时度势，发电给伍廷芳： 如清帝退位，宣布共和，则临时政府决不食言，文即可正式宣布解职，以功以能，首推袁氏。 并以英文发表到《字林西报》上，公告国际。 汪精卫立刻电告袁克定：“项城雄视天下，众望所归，元首非异人任！” 得到公开与私下的保证后，袁世凯再次开启了逼宫模式。 在他授意下，驻荷兰公使陆徵祥（1871—1949）联合多个驻外使节电请清帝避位。同时，以内阁名义趁热打铁，上奏道： 读法兰西革命史，如能早顺舆情，何至路易之子孙，靡有孑遗也。民军所争者政体，而非君位；所欲者共和，而非宗社。我皇太后、皇上何忍九庙之震惊，何忍乘舆之出狩，必能俯鉴大势，以顺民心。 讲路易子孙被杀得片甲不留颇具针对性，隆裕肝胆俱裂。 正得意间，意外发生了。 这天，早朝散后，袁世凯出东华门，坐马车来到王府井大街。 突然，三颗炸弹从道旁茶叶店的楼上扔下，两匹大马登时肠穿肚烂。袁世凯从翻倒的马车中爬出，在亲兵的掩护下逃离。 这场由京津同盟会（汪精卫出狱后在天津成立的同盟会分会）策划的刺杀并未得到南京的授权（汪还曾电阻）。因此，当袁世凯全城搜捕抓获凶手后，汪精卫的电报随之而到： 议和期间，北方同志的一切行动均已停止。此事当为匪类所为，请依法办理。 其实，“匪类”帮了袁世凯一个大忙。在此之前，皇族亲贵整天对大头指指点点，说他是王莽、曹操。而炸弹一响，非议自然全成了“无耻谰言”。 袁世凯就坡下驴请了病假，把梁士诒、赵秉钧和胡惟德推到前台去磨。 内阁会议。 见已不是大臣但还属于王公的载沣和奕劻也出席了会议，恭亲王溥伟顿觉国事尚有可为。 宗社党创始人溥伟是奕訢的长孙，经常教育周围人：“有我溥伟在，大清国就不会亡。” 不要觉得狂，人毕竟曾离神器只有一步之遥。 慈禧临终前，病榻之侧的载沣叩头请辞监国之位。老太婆情急之下道：“如觉力不胜任，溥伟最亲，可引以为助。” 闻听此言，溥伟按捺着内心的狂喜，静待任命。 然而，等张之洞拟写的懿旨颁布时，溥伟才傻了眼：有摄政王监国之命，却无自己只言片语。 权力的赛场上，失去了一次机会等于失去终生。怒火冲天的溥伟叱问张之洞，为何没有皇太后要他助政之语。 张之洞不软不硬地回敬道： 摄政王以下，吾等均为朝廷助政之人，又安可尽行写入懿旨？ 败下阵来的溥伟只好在禁烟大臣的闲差上打发时光，却于清廷垂亡之际再次找准了自己的定位——顽固派领袖。 彩色的画面幻化成一团火红，镜头拉远，原来是一个太监拿着铜火钳在拨弄炉里的炭火。远处一座神龛前摆放着一尊三足加盖的铜香炉，上面的镂空处正向外冒着氤氲的烟。 群臣列坐一个钟头了，唯彼此闲谈，无一人提及国事。 溥伟忍无可忍，蓦地诘问赵秉钧道：“总理大臣（袁世凯）邀我等会议，究竟议论何事，请宣布出来。” 赵秉钧：“革党势大，各省响应，北军不足为恃。袁总理想设临时政府于天津，与他们开议，或和或战，再定办法。” 溥伟：“朝廷以慰庭为钦差大臣，复任命为总理大臣者，是以为他能讨平贼乱。今设政府于天津，岂北京不足恃而天津足恃吗？且汉阳已经收复，正应乘胜痛剿，却罢战议和，这是什么道理？” 梁士诒接过话茬儿：“汉阳虽胜，奈何各省响应。北方无饷无械，孤立危急已甚。设政府于天津，是怕惊扰了皇上。” 溥伟不依不饶：“从前洪杨之乱，用兵二十年，也没有议和与别设政府之举。筹饷之事，为诸臣应尽之责，当勉为其难。倘遇贼即和，人人都可做到，朝廷又何必召用袁慰庭呢？” 二人一时语塞。胡惟德掌管外务部，岔开话题道：“此次之战，列邦皆不乐意。我若一意主战，恐受外人责难。” 溥伟铁了心斗争到底：“对内平乱，乃中国主权，外国人何能干预？且英、德、俄、日皆君主之国，也没有胁迫人君俯从乱党的道理。公既然如此说，请指出是哪国人，伟愿意当面问问他。” 见吵得不可开交，奕劻又开始和稀泥：“议事不可争执，况且事体重大，难以决断，当请旨办理。” 说完就站起来走了。 众人窃窃私语，也陆续离开。气得溥伟在回忆录大发感慨：“呜呼！群臣再无一人开口支持我的，真是令人痛心啊！” 夕阳西下，乾清门沐浴在一片柔和的金色之中。一缕光线穿过养心殿的窗纸，投射到光亮的黑色大理石地面上，照出空气中的无数微尘。 这是清朝最后一次御前会议，除了奕劻，所有宗室近支全部到场。 对着自家人，隆裕也不说外话了：“你们看是君主好，还是共和好？” 全都答君主好。看来是唯一得分的标准答案。 隆裕叹了口气：“我何尝要共和？都是奕劻和袁世凯说革命党太厉害，我们没有军饷，万不能打仗。” 溥伟愣了愣神，思绪飘回到两个小时前。 上书房。 载泽兴冲冲地跑进来，对溥伟道：“昨天见到冯华甫（冯国璋），说革党不足畏，但求发饷三个月，即能奏功。一会儿你先奏知，我再详奏。” 溥伟两眼放光，却见载沣凑过来小声道：“今天这个会，庆邸（奕劻）本不愿你来，有人问起，只说是你自己要来。” 又是奕劻这只老狐狸。 对家财万贯的奕劻来说，年老体衰，移民不便，没有比财产安全更重要的事了。而一旦打仗，火光四起，玉石俱焚，作为京城著名的房祖宗，损失就惨重了。 一个悲哀的事实是：别看史书上正气凛然之士和大奸大恶之徒斗得荡气回肠，其实百分之九十的政客都是没有历史感只有现实感的庸官。 对庸官而言，时间是停滞的，“纸上清名万古难磨”就是一句废话。人死如灯灭，把自己和儿孙搞爽是成功的唯一标志。 因此，对奕劻这类一边贪墨一边演戏（装改革派），完全无视历史评价的庸官，除了给他颁个奥斯卡终生成就奖，你毫无办法。 溥伟回过神来，对奏道：“奕劻欺君罔上，求太后不要再相信他的话。乱党实不足惧，昨日冯国璋对载泽说，给饷三个月，情愿破贼。请问载泽，有没有这回事？” 载泽赶紧道：“是有。冯国璋已然打有胜仗，军气颇壮，求发饷派他去打。” 隆裕蹙眉道：“内帑已竭，上次发的三万现金还是皇上名下的，我真没有。” 溥伟站出来，一边磕头一边激动道：“日俄之战时，日本帝后解簪饰以赏军，现在人心浮动，必须振作。冯国璋既然肯于出力，求太后将宫中金银器皿赏出几件，暂充军费，虽不足数，然官兵感激，必能效死。恩以御众，胜则主威，请太后三思！” 善耆帮腔道：“恭亲王所言甚是，求太后圣断立行。” 隆裕顾虑重重：“胜了固然好，要是败了，连优待条件都没有，岂不是要亡国吗（谁说亡清等于亡国）？” 溥伟继续晓之以理：“优待条件是欺人之谈，跟'迎闯王，不纳粮'一样，彼是欺民，此是欺君。试问大权既去，逆臣乱民若有篡逆之举，当如何制止？又向谁去索要优待条件呢？” 隆裕为难道：“就是打，也只有冯国璋一人，焉能有功？” 善耆道：“除去乱党几人（暗指奕劻），内外臣工有的是忠勇之士，太后不必忧虑！” 溥伟打气道：“臣大胆，敢请太后皇上赏兵，杀贼报国！” 隆裕望着一直没开腔的载涛，道：“载涛，你不是带过兵吗？” 载涛面无表情道：“奴才带过兵，但是没打过仗。” ... 隆裕默然良久，道：“你们先下去吧。” 善耆不放心，提醒道：“一会儿国务大臣（赵秉钧、梁士诒和胡惟德）进见，请太后慎重降旨。” 隆裕叹息道：“我怕见他们。” 溥伟一副亲娘被欺负了的表情，道：“若彼等有意外要求，如设立临时政府或迁就革命党，请太后断不可行。” 又叩首总结道：“革命党年少无知，本不足虑。臣所忧者，是乱臣借其势力，胁迫朝廷，以揖让为美德，以优待为欺饰，请太后明鉴。” 散会后，溥伟又在那感慨众人缄口不言。 那也比徒托空言强。毕竟冯国璋再恋旧，也不敢无视人心向背，罔顾袁世凯的立场，替气若游丝的清室出头。 两天后，传声筒载沣找到溥伟，道：“你在御前的奏对言语太激烈，太后很不喜欢，说时事何至于此。肃亲王（善耆）爱说冒失话，你转告他，以后不准再如此。” 其实，隆裕念念不忘的唯有优待费。 十五岁嫁入深宫，丈夫不爱，婆婆变态，每天过着非人的生活，好不容易熬到两宫晏驾，总算出头了，Game也快Over了。 三百年来的孽不是她作的，三百年来的债却要她一个寡妇来偿，凭什么？ 因此，当她听说南方允诺的皇室优待费每年有四百万元时，还是颇为心动的。 可悲的溥伟，自己想当史可法，上面却没有崇祯。 更惨的是良弼。 作为多尔衮的后裔、宗室里最早剪辫子的潮人，良弼思想前卫，交游广泛，素以改造大清为己任，致力于推动顶层设计。 从日本士官学校毕业后，良弼进入军界，在步步高升的同时延揽了吴禄贞、蒋百里等英才，试图以自己的同学来替换北洋旧将。 武昌起义后，良弼茶饭不思，主动请缨“平叛”，却遭到奕劻的打压：“黄口孺子，纸上谈兵！” 危急时刻，悲愤的良弼发起组织宗社党，党员一律在胸前刺两条青龙，誓死捍卫大清。 他们纠集满族军人，天天开会，还给袁世凯送去一封恐吓信，内称“愿与阁下同归于尽”，极为嚣张。 袁世凯正恨得咬牙切齿，替他出气的彭大侠从天而降。 彭大侠叫彭家珍，竟然也是京津同盟会的，看来该组织的宗旨是杀人不分左右。 川人彭家珍，当过新军队官和代理标统，时任京津同盟会军事部部长。 谋刺良弼前，他四处踩点，碰巧在金台宾馆的前台发现一张名片：陆军讲武堂监督崇恭。 仔细一问，原来这个军校校长来京办事，后又去了保定。 彭家珍灵机一动，揣起名片，回到住处。 他备好炸弹，穿上借来的军装，向同志们告别后，来到军咨府良弼的办公室。 门卫禀告说“崇恭”来访，良弼一愣，半晌才想起是自己留日时的同学。公务繁忙，他让“崇恭”晚上去自己家里见面。 大红罗厂街，良弼宅。 等到很晚，彭家珍才看到良弼的马车驶回。大门一开，院子里射出的光亮把主人映得一清二楚。 彭家珍迅速闪出，亲热道：“赉臣，我来了……” 良弼见其陌生，立刻警觉地倒退两步，想钻回马车。 彭家珍扔出炸弹。 巨响之下，良弼的左腿被炸断。一块弹片击中下马石反弹回来，打到彭家珍的后脑，当场致死。 失血过多的良弼在医院呻吟两日，不治身亡。临死前哀号道：“炸我者，知我者也。我一死，大清亡！” 的确，良弼在满清贵戚里的人望比溥伟高多了，彭家珍的壮举诚如孙文所言，是“小弹丸而收巨功”。 后来袁世凯当大总统期间，参谋部次长陈宧（yi）每月都能见到一个中年男子前来领钱，回回都是一千银元。打听一下得知，正是彭家珍的父亲。 宗社党瞬间作鸟兽散，溥伟和善耆连夜离京，躲到租界不敢露面。 那是个革命党的炸弹能使小儿止啼的时代。孙中山被清政府描绘成红毛绿睛的江洋大盗，身怀“明拳”“明足”和“明身”三样绝技，手下的好汉个个飞檐走壁，无孔不入，还自觉接受先进科技，手枪炸弹一