Chapter 2 Chapter 2 Young Wizards, 23-year-old Scholars and No. 1

Perhaps, one thing that Liu Bowen will never forget in his life is that his father would bathe in the sunlight coming in from the window every day, enlightening the most ignorant corners of his mind with deep words.The table between him and his father was filled with unbelievably mysterious charts and unpredictable hexagrams in "Book of Changes". Little Liu Bowen was deeply attracted by these things and couldn't extricate himself. From the eyes of Ms. Fu, Liu Bowen's mother, she could see from a young age that Liu Bowen was a quiet and lonely person. His abnormal reticence and sudden tricky questions made Ms. Fu hard to understand, and of course it was hard for Ms. Fu to resist.So Ms. Fu voluntarily resigned from his position as the first teacher after roughly imparting the Confucian classics to Liu Bowen.

It can be seen from the eyes of many children in Wuyang Village that Liu Bowen is a loner. Whenever they play wildly, Liu Bowen will quietly leave them and look into the distance and meditate.The children commented behind their backs that Liu Bowen is a freak. But Liu Juan thought that little Liu Bowen's taciturnity just proved one point: if a smart person has nothing to say, his mouth should be closed.This is also in line with the teaching of Confucius: Madam does not say anything, but there must be something in the words. From a Taoist point of view, many people are stupid because they talk too much nonsense, and their energy and energy escape from their mouths, so they cannot accumulate wisdom.

It can be seen from Liu Juan's eyes that little Liu Bowen has amazing wisdom, because he can see ten lines at a glance and never forget.His divination class, feng shui class, astrology class, spiritual chess class, and prophecy class can all get full marks, but this is Liu Juan's score.Liu Juan himself also knows that his attainments in elephant arts are not deep, but a child can comprehend in the shortest possible time the mysterious code that would take him several years to comprehend, which is enough to afford the "extremely clever" four words.In Liu Ju's words, if you say it boldly, Jier's wisdom has surpassed the limit of human beings, and he has gone further than a Taoist priest.

Of course, to say that a person is wise does not depend on how powerful his memory and comprehension are, but on his ability to solve practical problems. When Liu Bowen was ten years old, an opportunity rushed in front of him, giving him the opportunity to show his ability, which proved beyond a doubt that his extraordinary wisdom was not something his father boasted about. This opportunity came about like this: In 1320, the supreme leader of the Yuan Dynasty, Borjijin Aiyu Libali Bada (Yuan Renzong), died.During the national mourning period, someone in Qingtian County held a wedding.This is simply hitting the gun. According to the law, within three months of the national mourning, no one in the country or anywhere in the country shall have entertainment activities.Even walking on the street, you can't have a smiling face.You must pay attention to the clothes and hats, not colorful, everyone must be plain.Drunken Nose dared not go out on the street during the national mourning period, because his nose was red, and once caught, it was hard to explain.The county magistrate of Qingtian County heard that someone was beating gongs and drums and holding a wedding in red and green, and it exploded like a firecracker.As we all know, if such a thing happened in his jurisdiction, once his superiors found out, he would lose his head.The "firecracker" county magistrate immediately rushed into the wedding scene with several soldiers, killed the man, knocked the woman unconscious, and snatched away the bride.

To the surprise of the county magistrate of Qingtian County, the bride's family has a deep friendship with the underworld in the local area, otherwise they would not dare to be so blatant.When the bride's father learned that his daughter had been robbed, he was furious, scattered all his wealth, called his underworld friends, and attacked the county government with sticks.The impact was attempted due to backward weapons.They temporarily changed their minds and robbed the county's armed forces department. With modern weapons, they turned around and attacked the county government.But the county government has already assembled an army. Seeing that they are no match, these people ran up to Qingtian Mountain and became rebels.Of course, this is what the Yuan government said.According to historians, it is: the uprising of the Han people in the south.

In fact, the uprising of the Han people in the south and the rule of the Mongols in China have always been consistent.During the heyday when Kublai Khan ruled Mongolia alone, there were more than 200 Han uprisings in the south.After Kublai Khan, in the era of the second Emperor Boer Jijin Tiemuer (Yuan Chengzong) and the third Emperor Boer Jijin Haishan (Yuan Wuzong) of the Yuan Dynasty, although the number of Han uprisings in the Jiangnan area decreased, it did not Absolutely.Although the fourth Emperor Boer Zhijin Aiyu Libada was a good person and a good emperor, in the fifth year of his reign, that is, when Liu Bowen was six years old, high-quality Cai unexpectedly broke out in Ganzhou, Jiangxi. During the May 9th Uprising, Your Excellency Cai not only captured the state government, but also went all the way north, trying to attack Huanglong and capture Dadu.Although Cai Wujiu was quickly brutally suppressed, the influence of that rebellion made the top leaders shudder.When Liu Bowen was seven years old, the Yao people in Guangxi revolted again.When he was eight years old, a large-scale uprising of the Han people broke out in five states of Jiangxi at the same time.

The emperors of the Yuan Dynasty were accustomed to the rebellion of the Han people in the Jiangnan area, and they could not arouse any excitement.If for a period of time, the Yuan Dynasty did not hear that there was a rebellion in the south of the Yangtze River, the emperors would be surprised and think it was unreasonable. But in the eyes of the emperor, the trivial matter became the major event of the end of the world in the eyes of the local government chief.The county magistrate of Qingtian County used the army from the county seat to suppress the bandits in Qingtian Mountain many times, but they either returned without success or were beaten to the ground by the opponent.

This is because the stronghold of the bandits is easy to defend and difficult to attack, and the combat effectiveness of the bandit suppression troops in Qingtian County is so-so, so it is difficult to solve this matter in a short time.The magistrate of Qingtian County begged for the wisdom of the people, and sent many subordinates to various places to inquire about strange people.A subordinate official happened to know Liu Juan, so he came to him. At noon that day, the sun was shining brightly.Liu Juan and Liu Bowen were having dinner, Liu Juan turned his back to the yard, and suddenly his hands with chopsticks were hanging in the air, and said mysteriously, "Someone is here." As soon as Liu Bowen looked up, he saw Xu who was walking into the yard and looking around. official.

The subordinate staff told the whole incident.Liu Juan said, "It's easy, wait until I finish eating." The subordinate almost cried out, because time is life, and the more days the bandits live, the more dangerous they and his superiors will be. Liu Jian saw that the subordinate staff was worried, so he put down his chopsticks and began to think.The sun set and the moon rose, and the subordinate staff stretched out tiredly, and Liu Juan didn't come up with a solution to the problem.He looked at the subordinate staff and said, "These bandits are really hateful. It's a serious crime to violate the law during the national mourning."

The subordinate hurriedly straightened his back. Based on his many years of working experience in the yamen, he believed that a capable person must have a hat before he can tell the solution to the problem. This is called "leader" in the article, "leader". "After that is the solution to the problem - "pork belly". But it's a pity that Liu Juan only has the "leading head". As for the "pork belly", he kicked Liu Bowen: "What can you do, say it." The subordinate staff's attitude changed from respectful to surprised, and then to angry, because he thought Liu Juan was playing tricks on him.How can a ten-year-old child solve hundreds of bandits?The subordinate staff was about to act like an official, but Liu Bowen asked.

The following is the question and answer of the two. Liu Bowen: "The bandits won't go down the mountain?" The subordinate official: "I haven't found it yet." Liu: "You don't want too many casualties?" Official: "Who wants to die." Liu: "Do you have archers?" Official: "Who can't shoot arrows?" Liu: "Is it feasible to destroy them within three months?" Official: "It's been so long." Liu: "It's been so long." The official thought for a long time: "Yes, tell me your way." Liu: "Do you know wormwood seeds?" Official: "I was also a child in the mountains in the early years, why don't I recognize it?" Liu: "Collect the wormwood seeds, remove the arrowheads, tie the wormwood seeds to the arrowheads, and shoot them near the bandit's den. The more the better." The subordinate staff looked at Liu Jue, who said, "You don't want casualties and you want to solve this matter, so go ahead and do it." The magistrate of Qingtian County also used a dead horse as a living horse doctor. According to Liu Bowen's method, he shot countless arrows without arrowheads.But to be on the safe side, he invited Liu Jue to the county government and placed him under house arrest.If after three months, Liu Bowen can't come up with a plan to eliminate the bandits, Liu Jue is a bandit. Three months later, on the mountain guarded by the bandit's den, the withered and yellow wormwood came into view, and every corner, even the crevices of the rocks, was occupied by the wormwood.Liu Bowen said: "It's all right. Shoot the arrow there. Before shooting the arrow, put pine oil on the arrow and light it." As soon as the wormwood rockets met, the mountains and plains became mountains of flames. The bandits were choked by the thick smoke and ran out of their lairs, and all surrendered. Liu Bowen became famous overnight because of this, but soon disappeared.Because the county magistrate thought that he could think of such a pediatric idea, but he didn't think about it.So there is only his name on the credit book, not Liu Bowen. But history will not forget Liu Bowen because of his tampering, so today we know that Liu Bowen has such a wormwood trick, but we don't know the name of the Qingtian county magistrate. After the incident, little Liu Bowen and his father Liu Ju had a conversation, the content was aimed at that group of bandits.Little Liu Bowen said: "These people violated the laws of the country, and they really deserve what they deserve." Liu Jue was taken aback and reminded Liu Bowen: "Although those people are bandits, they are of the same race as us. Although the county magistrate of Qingtian County represents the government, he is of a different race." , you should have a Huayi concept." Little Liu Bowen was also taken aback. He couldn't figure out that his father would turn a bandit incident into an ethnic issue. Liu Jian said: "You still don't understand the history of the Mongols since the founding of the country, so you don't understand the mystery here. I will popularize the history for you now. I want you to remember what the Mongols have done to us Chinese. !" In fact, the Yuan Dynasty mentioned by Liu Juan is slightly different from the real Yuan Dynasty.This is because Liu Juan thought he was a descendant of the adherents of the Southern Song Dynasty. Gamblers would not admit defeat after losing, so they cursed the winners.And the Ming Dynasty established by Zhu Yuanzhang, the later mud-legged man, naturally wanted to vilify the rule of the Mongols in China, so as to demonstrate his martial arts in expelling Meng Yuan. Therefore, we must use objective historical facts to identify and corroborate the various aspects of the Yuan Dynasty that Liu Jue talked about impulsively. Liu Jian said: "The Tartars (the Han people's derogatory name for the Mongols) are the most greedy monsters in the universe. When they hear that there is a country, they will go there. Confucius said that the purpose of instigating war is to hang people down." crime, otherwise war is an inhuman and reckless act. But this group of scruffy-legged guys don’t have any noble sentiments. The purpose of the war is to burn, kill, rape, and loot. They just want to spread terror to the world. Mencius said, As long as there is benevolence and righteousness, it will be enough. What do you want to do with such a large territory? I heard that there are four branches of Tartars outside China. The population of Tartars is small, so they have to send relatives to manage them. Relatives are far away from each other. The relationship is estranged. This is really a separation of wives and children, and the death of people!" The serious historical evidence is as follows: After Mongolian Great Khan Borjijin Temujin (Genghis Khan) unified the Mongolian Plateau in 1206, he immediately devoted himself to the grand cause of expanding the territory.Mongolia had a population of only 1 million at that time. Excluding women, the elderly and children, there were only 200,000 soldiers capable of fighting.Genghis Khan and his descendants relied on these 200,000 people to conquer the west and the north with their terrifying military talents. After the expansion of the Southern Song Dynasty was officially completed in 1279, they created a land bordering the Pacific Ocean in the east, the Arctic Ocean in the north, and the West. A super empire covering 35 million square kilometers along the coast of the Black Sea, south to the South China Sea.A reminder: the land area of ​​the earth is 150 million square kilometers. In this huge territory that cannot even be completely covered by sunlight, the Mongol Empire spontaneously divided into a colossal empire (Yuan Empire) and four behemoth-like khanates (Golden Horde, Chagatai Khanate, Wo Kuotai Khanate, Ilkhanate). The Chinese were in the midst of the Yuan Empire, which was established in Dadu in 1271 by Kublai Khan, the fifth great Khan of the Mongol Empire.Eight years later, Kublai Khan wiped out the Southern Song Dynasty, and the territory of the Yuan Empire was formally established: north to today’s Mongolia Republic and Siberia, south to the South China Sea, southwest including today’s Tibet and Yunnan, northwest to eastern Xinjiang, northeast to Outer Xing’an Mountains, Hubei The Hotsk Sea has a total area of ​​about 12 million square kilometers. The supreme leader of the Yuan Empire had a dual identity. He was both the Great Khan of the Mongol Empire and the Emperor of China. Liu Jian went on to say: "After the Tartars wiped out our great motherland, the Southern Song Dynasty, they implemented the notorious four-class system throughout the country. They divided the whole Chinese into four classes, namely: Tartars, Semu people, and Han people. , Southerners. "Southern people" are our Southern Song survivors. Why do the stinky and shameless Tartars rank us as the lowest? We are better than them in every way. We used gunpowder to make muskets. This is the first time in human history. A light firearm. We invented the first banknote in human history (Jiaozi). We have an advanced compass, as well as exquisite porcelain. We also have the most thoughtful Cheng Zhu Neo-Confucianism in the world. What do the Tartars have? A few broken horses. What do the Semu people have? Maybe they don’t even have horses. The most irritating thing is the Han people, who have been ruled by the Jurchens for more than a hundred years and have been slaves for more than a hundred years. Come on! I'm so pissed off. This is blatant racism!" The serious historical evidence is as follows: Kublai Khan said that we Mongols are the favored sons of heaven, above all creatures.Therefore, we must be first-class people.Thus, the Mongols became the first class.The "Semu people" are actually people of "various names", that is, brothers from other ethnic minorities in the northwest who fought with the Mongols back then.The third class of "Han people" is not the Han people in our impression, but the Han people under the former Jin Dynasty and the Sinicized Jurchen and Khitan people, as well as the Han people in Yunnan and Sichuan. "Southern people" refers to the adherents and descendants of the adherents of the Southern Song Dynasty in Liu Ju's mouth, that is, the Han people in the south of the Yangtze River. Liu Juan was right, the Southern Song Dynasty had everything.But the criteria for classifying the Mongols are not Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism and porcelain that breaks at the first touch, and of course they are not firearms-the Mongols also have firearms, which are much stronger than those in the Southern Song Dynasty. Back then, the city of Xiangyang in the Southern Song Dynasty was bombarded and fell. ——It is "first come, first served" in the mouth of ordinary people and "because of that" in the mouth of logicians. The Mongols are born to fight against their Khan, they themselves are the masters, and of course they have to take the top spot.This is like a rich man’s treat, the host must sit at the head; during the process of the Mongolian unification of the Mongolian plateau and the first western expedition, some ethnic minority brothers (Semu people) in the northwest took the initiative to come to fight with Mongolia. people mix.They are the closest comrades-in-arms of the Mongols, so they naturally have to sit on the second chair. Immediately afterwards, the Mongols destroyed the gold, and the Han people under the rule of the Jin people and the Sinicized Jurchen and Khitan also came and sat on the third chair. Chairs, this is the "Han people"; after the Mongols destroyed the gold, they had no time to dismount and rest in the future, and fought with the Southern Song Dynasty again. Regarding the war between Mongolia and the Southern Song Dynasty, one thing needs to be added: In 1211, Genghis Khan launched an all-out war against the Kingdom of Jin. In 1215, Genghis Khan captured the central capital of the Kingdom of Jin (now Beijing), and the Kingdom of Jin retreated to Kaifeng.But Genghis Khan did not pursue Jin fiercely, but turned around and marched west in 1218, and wiped out Khwarazm, a powerful Central Asian country, in 1225. In 1227, Genghis Khan returned from his expedition to the west, and after a short rest, he annihilated the Xixia Kingdom, which had exhausted the Northern Song Dynasty.It was also this year that Genghis Khan died of illness.Before he died, he said to his successor: "The heavy troops of the Kingdom of Jin are stationed at Tongguan (today's Tongguan, Shaanxi). There is a river on one side and mountains on the other. You can form an alliance with the Southern Song Dynasty, and use their road to wedge in from Dengzhou (now Dengzhou, Henan), an important town in the south of the Kingdom of Jin, and go straight to Kaifeng. Their main force stationed in Tongguan will surely return , you just need to besiege the city and fight for aid, and the Kingdom of Jin will fall in an instant." In 1231, Okuotai, the second Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, sent an envoy to the Southern Song Dynasty to negotiate an excuse, but the envoy had bad luck and was executed by Zhang Xuan, the patriotic general of the Southern Song Dynasty, when he arrived in Mianzhou (now Lueyang, Shaanxi).Wo Kuotai was furious, refused to borrow the Tao, and ordered the Mongolian Corps to take it by force.Tuo Lei, the commander of the expeditionary force, easily tore a hole in the Dasan Pass (now southwest of Baoji, Shaanxi) in the Southern Song Dynasty and entered the Southern Song Dynasty smoothly. Shizhou, and then successfully left the territory of the Southern Song Dynasty, entered the territory of the Kingdom of Jin, attacked Dengzhou, and Dengzhou defended tenaciously.Tuo Lei bypassed Dengzhou and went straight to Kaifeng.The defenders of Tongguan really came back to rescue Kaifeng. On the way, they got into the pocket of the Wokuotai Corps who had been waiting for a long time. The main force of the Kingdom of Jin was wiped out by the Mongolian cavalry. In the spring of 1233, the Mongols captured Kaifeng.Wanyan Shouxu, the last emperor of the Kingdom of Jin, went to Caizhou (now Runan, Henan), and Wo Kuotai signed a military alliance with the Southern Song Dynasty. The Mongolian Empire asked the Southern Song Dynasty to supply the Mongolian army with food and grass, and sent troops. The two sides jointly captured Caizhou. After the event was completed, The two countries are bounded by the Huaihe River. In 1234, the Song and Mongolian coalition forces launched a full-scale attack on Caizhou. There was a loud noise outside Caizhou city, and there was a lot of crying in Caizhou city. Wanyan Shouxu saw that the end of the world had come for him, so he did not bother the Song and Mongolian coalition forces and set himself on fire. and die.The Kingdom of Jin, which had been invincible for more than a century, was wiped out. The Mongols were concentrating on cleaning the battlefield. The Southern Song Dynasty suddenly assembled an army of 200,000 to attack the Mongols in the three capitals (Kaifeng in Tokyo, Luoyang in Xijing, and Shangqiu in Nanjing).Note that these three places are all north of the Huaihe River and south of the Yellow River. According to the original agreement of Song and Meng, the places north of the Huaihe River belong to the Mongols, and have nothing to do with your Southern Song Dynasty.In other words, this is blatant rebellion and aggression. The progress was very smooth. In the eighth month of the lunar calendar in 1234, the Southern Song army regained the three capitals. Before the capital Lin’an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) had time to hold a celebration banquet, the Mongols had launched a counterattack. The 200,000 troops of the Southern Song Dynasty collapsed and retreated in the three capitals almost at the same time. After reaching the south bank of the Huaihe River, half of the soldiers were lost. The sudden rebellion of the Southern Song Dynasty angered the Mongols, and its vulnerable combat power tempted the Mongols to issue a notice of demise to it.Beginning in 1235, some corps of the Mongolian Empire continued to launch attacks along the border of the Southern Song Dynasty, which made the Southern Song Dynasty unable to eat well and sleep. In 1253, the Mongol Empire took a slant, bypassed the Southern Song Dynasty, went deep into the Yunnan area among the mountains, destroyed the Kingdom of Dali, and then surrendered the Kingdom of Annan. In 1258, the Mongol Empire attacked the Southern Song Dynasty in three ways. In 1259, Kublai Khan of one of the roads crossed the Yangtze River and arrived at the city of Ezhou (now Wuhan, Hubei). Hundreds of people attacked the city, and the city of Ezhou was about to fall.Before Kublai Khan could close his mouth in surprise, another news came that his brother Ali Bak was holding the inauguration ceremony of the Great Khan in the Mongolian headquarters. Kublai Khan thought that he had more capital to be the Great Khan than Brother Ali, so he let go of Ezhou, turned his head back to the headquarters of the Mongolian Empire, and "fried" with his brothers.After four years of bloody civil war, in 1264 Kublai Khan won in a landslide. In 1269, Kublai Khan declared war on the Southern Song Dynasty. In 1274, Boyan, the commander of the Mongolian Expeditionary Army, captured Ezhou, went eastward along the Yangtze River, and fell into Anqing. He defeated the last line of defense of the Southern Song Army on the Wuhu River.Now, the Mongolian army can swagger to Lin'an in the Southern Song Dynasty.The Southern Song Dynasty hurriedly asked for peace, and Boyan agreed according to Kublai Khan's instructions.Kublai Khan did not intend to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty, but hoped that the Southern Song Dynasty, like Annan, would become a satellite state of the Yuan Empire. However, the Southern Song Dynasty sent himself to death.The negotiating envoy sent by Boyan to Lin'an was suddenly executed by a patriotic general of the Southern Song Dynasty on the way. When Boyan heard the news, he was so angry that he immediately turned into a firecracker.The central government of the Southern Song Dynasty hurriedly sent people to apologize to Boyan and vowed to punish the murderer severely. Boyan suppressed himself not to explode, and sent an envoy for the second time.Unexpectedly, there were too many patriots in the Southern Song Dynasty. When the second envoy went to Pingjiang (now Suzhou, Jiangsu), he was killed again. Boyan was so angry that he screamed and ordered the army to attack Lin'an. In front of the powerful Mongolian army, the weak Lin'an had no other way out but fell.The high officials of the Central Committee of the Southern Song Dynasty did not understand Boyan's fury, thinking that Boyan had no sincerity. If he was sincere, if two envoys died, they could send another one. What they don't understand is that they made Boyan's firecracker with their own hands. You made a firecracker and lit two fires, but you didn't want it to explode. This is too unfair to the firecracker. In 1279, the weak government-in-exile of the Southern Song Dynasty was completely destroyed by the Mongolian army in Yashan, and the Southern Song Dynasty officially perished. From the exchange of fire between Song and Mongolia in 1234 to the demise of the Southern Song government-in-exile in 1279, it took 35 years for Mongolia to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty.Some people will shout when they see this number: ah, the Southern Song Dynasty is so powerful that it resisted the Mongols for 35 years.But don't be obsessed, the real time it took Mongolia to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty was less than 12 years. After the Mongol Empire declared war on the Southern Song Dynasty in 1234, it went west to conquer.It was not until 1259 that the Mongol Empire turned around to deal with the Southern Song Empire.But it was also in this year that Great Khan Mengge died, and Kublai Khan fought a civil war with Ali Buge. It was not until 1269 that Kublai Khan remembered the Southern Song Dynasty, so it took 10 years (1269-1279) to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty. Of course, for the Mongol Empire, which can destroy a country in a year or even a few months, destroying the Southern Song Dynasty is indeed a hard job.Probably because of the hard work, the adherents of the Southern Song Dynasty were treated extremely unfairly-the last of the four grades. But if you take a closer look at this ranking list, you will find that the Mongols are arranged according to the standard of "first come, first served".This can explain why the adherents of Yunnan and Sichuan of the Dali Kingdom are listed in the third class.Because they came before the adherents of the Southern Song Dynasty. To describe it from the perspective of logic, because you are the last to arrive, you will be punished.Just like when you are the last one to arrive at a banquet, not only will you not be able to sit in a higher seat, but you will also be fined three drinks. The Chinese people have a witty saying: Everything should be done early, otherwise you won't even be able to keep up with the hot shit.It is probably the explanation of why the adherents of the Southern Song Dynasty were ranked last. Liu Jue said: "The Tartars regard us southerners as a source of taxation, as if we have no other use other than paying taxes. They also stipulated in the law: killing a 'Southern' only needs to pay a donkey Killing a Semu man will cost you a considerable amount of gold; killing a Tatar will cost you your life. This intention is obvious, we are just a donkey. The Tartars also forbid us to hunt, we are in the mountains of the south of the Yangtze River In this land, hunting is an important source of income. Isn’t this cutting off our financial resources? It also stipulates that we are prohibited from learning boxing martial arts. As we all know, our Chinese martial arts are just tricks, a means of exercising, and have no actual combat ability at all. , Why ban this! What's more terrible is that we are forbidden to walk at night, if there is an urgent matter, we must wait for dawn." "Of course, these are nothing. What makes us most distressed is that the little Tartars are like uncles in our southern grassroots. We have to bear all the food and clothing. And whoever marries a bride, the bride's It must be given to the little tartar for the first time. Cheng Zhu Neo Confucianism taught us that starving to death is a small injustice and a big one. A girl with yellow flowers is already out of integrity before she officially enters the door. Only animals in the universe have such behavior. Unlucky Unfortunately, we just happened to run into each other.” Regarding what Liu Juan said, we must make some background supplements and corrections. What Liu Juan said is correct. After the Yuan Empire wiped out the Southern Song Dynasty, it really did not like the "Southern people" very much. They imposed strict restrictions on them, and they were short of restricting toilets.But we can't take it out of context and think that the Yuan Dynasty deliberately found fault with the "Southern people". Philosophers say that what exists is reasonable.People say that flies don't bite seamless eggs.There must be a reason for what happened. The harshness of the Yuan Empire to the southerners was actually offended by the fierce behavior of the southerners. As we mentioned earlier, in the early days of Kublai Khan's destruction of the Southern Song Dynasty, there were more than 200 Han armed forces in the south of the Yangtze River against the Yuan Empire.However, it must be noted that even from the perspective of being extremely partial to the Han people, every armed resistance is not an uprising, and most of them are the emperor's dream of careerists. In 1276, the Southern Song Dynasty fell in Lin'an, and the Southern Song Dynasty had actually perished.Although a little bit of ashes went to Fuzhou to establish a government-in-exile, it is impossible for the ashes to rekindle, and even if they rekindled, the flames would not last long.The army of the Yuan Empire began to reap the fruits of victory. In fact, the fruits of the conqueror are all based on the pain of the conquered.As a result, burning, killing, robbery and rape spread like a raging fire throughout southern China.The people in the south of the Yangtze River rose up to resist, and the powerful families from all over the country sold their property, gathered young and middle-aged men, and played the slogan of "supporting the Song Dynasty, destroying the Yuan Dynasty, and expelling the Tartars".The poor and poor people spontaneously and spontaneously. Those who are capable can gather tens of thousands of people, while those who are incapable can only gather hundreds or even dozens of people.They occupy the treacherous land and carry out guerrilla warfare with the Yuan army.No matter what kind of goods they are, before they resist the army of the Yuan Empire, they will attack their own compatriots first.In fact, this is easy to understand. When people who have nothing to rebel, the first thing to solve is the food problem.Their combat effectiveness is far inferior to that of the opponent's regular army. If they want to rob food, they can only pinch it with soft persimmons. If they don't rob unarmed ordinary people, who else can they rob. When they have a certain strength, they will immediately establish a grass-roots team government, conferring officials and worshiping nobles. If you can travel back to that era and go to various places in the south of the Yangtze River, you will find that there are a group of people everywhere discussing proclaiming the emperor. thing.This can at least explain one problem, their real purpose is to think about the emperor's addiction, and the expulsion of the Tartars is only a side goal.As long as there is a possibility of making a fortune, they can shake hands with the national enemy, the Mongols. There are two positive pieces of evidence that demonstrate the rebellious connotation of Jiangnan people. In 1278, Huang Hua from Jianning (now Jian'ou, Fujian) proclaimed himself emperor. The Yuan government recruited him, and Huang Hua ran away with his grassroots team.But soon he discovered that the treatment of him by the Yuan government was not as good as that of him working alone, so he rebelled again, and was finally chased by the Yuan army to nowhere, and set himself on fire. In 1288, Zhong Mingliang gathered 100,000 people to rebel on Xunzhou Road (where the government is located in the southwest of Longchuan County, Guangdong today), and the momentum was overwhelming.The Yuan government recruited him, and Zhong Mingliang agreed, but the request was that he be the governor of Xunzhou.But Kublai Khan refused this condition and asked him to go to Dadu to face the saint.Zhong Mingliang thought this was inviting the king into the urn, killed the negotiating envoy of the Yuan government, and rebelled for the second time.The Yuan government's army actively advanced and suppressed, and at the same time called for surrender. Zhong Mingliang couldn't support it and surrendered for the second time.But it was still the same condition, to be governor of Xunzhou, Kublai Khan refused, and he rebelled for the third time.But nothing happened. The Yuan government's anti-bandit forces never recruited him again. Zhong Mingliang failed in the end, and he himself was nowhere to be found. Kublai Khan saw the records of resistance in the Jiangnan area in the distant Dadu, and found that the people in southern China were really hard to govern.He first used the Huairou policy, and repeatedly ordered that the troops stationed in the south of the Yangtze River should not make any more enemies, and that the soldiers and civilians should be family members.But a beautiful order is like a flower. When it is in the hands of a beauty, it will be placed on the head as a headdress, but in the hands of a donkey, it will be used as food to relieve hunger.The Yuan government's garrison in the south of the Yangtze River had well-developed limbs, simple minds, and could not control themselves. Therefore, the record of rebellion in the Jiangnan area increased day by day. Kublai Khan became angry, so he issued laws that maliciously destroyed the dignity of the southerners. Liu Juan mentioned that the little Tartars became uncles at the grassroots level (townships and villages) in various places in the south of the Yangtze River, which is actually the Baojia system.The Baojia system works like this: every twenty families are organized into a "Jia", and the government sends one person to manage the twenty families, and this person is called the "Master Jia". "Lord A" is the head of the twenty families. He can take away clothes and food as he pleases, and women and property are of course not a problem. But Liu Jue was totally wrong when he said that these Lord Jia were all Tartars.The population of Mongolia is too small, and the villages in the south of the Yangtze River are as numerous as donkey hairs. Although they have been massacred by the Mongols, there are still 11.84 million households or 600,000 southerners.This requires 600,000 Mongols to come to the villages in the south of the Yangtze River to be the masters. Could it be that Kublai Khan has the ability to summon wind and rain and scatter beans into soldiers, so that he can conjure up so many people at once? In fact, Lord Jia is all Semu people.As the saying goes, a slave makes a slave, and a slave makes death.The Semu people were slaves of the Mongols, and he had the opportunity to manage his slaves, the Nanren, whose brutality can be imagined. As for what Liu Juan said about the first time that the bride had to sleep with Lord Jia, that is the issue of the first night right of the smoky Mongolians in history.There is no need to refute this, because Master A is not a Mongol at all.Even for the Mongols, it is impossible.Still from the previous analysis, the population of Mongolia is too small. If they really have the right of the first night, they will have to vomit blood if they want to exercise this right. Of course, this is not to say that the Mongols are serious and gentlemanly. In fact, during their expedition to the south and west, they did not sway their sperm.But that was war, and the countless insane behaviors in the war were not only the monopoly of the Mongolian army? The rebellion in the Jiangnan area in the Yuan Dynasty was as continuous as chronic enteritis. In the final analysis, it was the result of interaction.Of course, Kublai Khan knew that the people in Jiangnan were rich, so he searched extensively. All the military supplies he had when he first conquered Japan came from Jiangnan.The fierce resistance of the Jiangnan people became the motivation for the rulers of the Yuan government to impose high pressure on them. Liu Juan said to little Liu Bowen: "The Tartars have never done anything good to us southerners, so there is nothing wrong with opposing their government." Little Liu Bowen didn't understand this period of history at the time, and Liu Juan's explanations were taken out of context and impulsive, so little Liu Bowen always felt that something was wrong.If the Mongols were really appallingly oppressing the south of the Yangtze River, and it was continuous and pervasive, then why is he still able to live comfortably and everyone in Wuyang Village is happy to plow in the spring, farm in the summer, harvest in the autumn and store in the winter? He couldn't find the answer to this question for the time being. Only when he walked out of Wuyang Village and faced the wider world could he find the answer. At the beginning, the Egyptians said that the earth was round, and the Greeks immediately glared: "Mummy without brains, the earth is flat!" We now know that the Egyptians were right and the Greeks were wrong.But you can't say that the Greeks were stupid, because the Egyptians lived on a plain, and when viewed from a distance, the horizon had an arc, so they said the earth was round.The Greeks live in mountainous places, and their eyes cannot see too far. If they are not on a flat surface, how can the mountains be stable? What kind of place we live in, we will have what kind of vision, so many knowledgeable people say, go out and see the outside world! In 1324, Liu Bowen was 14 years old, just entering puberty, and he became more taciturn.At this time, people had clearly seen that Liu Bowen had a pair of proud amber eyes, which, coupled with his taciturn character, made people have a bad impression of him.Someone said to Liu Juan: "Did you hold it in the mountain village? I'm afraid you're going to get sick." Liu Juan believes that this kind of worry is not superfluous. People have unlimited thinking. If they are suppressed by a limited living environment, they will make their personality more withdrawn. If they can't control it, they will become abnormal. Finally one day, Liu Juan said, "I'll take you out to study in Kuocheng!" Kuocheng (now Lishui, Zhejiang Province) is the administrative center of Chuzhou Road. It was originally called Castanopsis City, because there are many Castanopsis trees in the area, so it is called Castanopsis City.Later, for unknown reasons, it was renamed Kuocheng.Castanopsis is the money pine tree. The leaves of this tree look fluffy, cute and soft, but to the touch, they are the plant version of hedgehogs, so it is best to see more and less to touch.Probably named "Money" Song, the implication is this: it's not your own money, you can look at it, and don't touch it. Liu Juan said that he would take Liu Bowen to study in Kuocheng, but in fact he was going to study in Kuochengfu, a key middle school in the city.But this kind of place is not where anyone wants to come.Those who have the opportunity to come here are the best students in the whole Chuzhou, and they need to rank among the top 30 in the exams conducted by the Chuzhou.Liu Juan told Liu Bowen that day that he would be taken to Chuzhou to study, but in fact Liu Bowen had already been admitted to Chuzhou Prefecture School.We want to declare this point, firstly, to prove that Liu Bowen is indeed a very good reader; secondly, Liu Juan is not a person who speaks freely. After Liu Bowen went to Fuxue to study, in addition to studying "Spring and Autumn" and Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism, he also loved books such as various schools of thought, astronomy, and art of war.In fact, he had dabbled in these things when he was in Wuyang Village, and now, he just revisited them under the teacher's explanation.Confucius said, learn the new by reviewing the old.In the early Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao Pu, the prime minister, said that half of Lao Tzu and I rule the world.All this shows that the ancients paid special attention to intensive reading in the way of reading. If you read a book tirelessly, and read it a hundred times, its meaning will be self-evident. Liu Bowen's "Spring and Autumn" class teacher later recalled that this kid was so smart that you only need to read it to him once, and he can recite it fluently.Before you have said the whole explanation, he already knows the whole explanation.Such people are called prophets in the West, and child prodigies in China.In the mouths of Taoist disciples in China, it is the prophet of the unknown. "Spring and Autumn" is the history of Lu State in the Spring and Autumn Period, but it is incomplete. The whole content starts from 722 BC and ends in 481 BC.However, the history of the State of Lu is from 1042 BC to 256 BC. Therefore, Wang Anshi, the prime minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, said that "Spring and Autumn" is a "broken court report", which is an old, incomplete historical document with no reference value. "Spring and Autumn" is originally a rough line - only the table of contents, no content.After being edited by Confucius, it looked like a historical document, but it actually became an ideological and moral textbook for punishing evil and promoting good.But it doesn't directly tell you which ones are evil and which ones are good, but hides "praise and criticism" in the text.This kind of word game of concealment, pointing and cursing, and making noises is what we call "Spring and Autumn Brushwork" today. Give an example to illustrate the shocking aspect of this "brushwork": Xia, Wuyue, Zheng Boke and Duan Yuyan. This is the third catalog of "Spring and Autumn" and the third content. People who don't know that period of history can only stare blankly at this title.Those who know that period of history know that these words are about the story of Ji Wusheng (Zheng Zhuanggong), the third monarch of the powerful Zheng State in the early Spring and Autumn Period, who killed his younger brother Ji Duan in Yancheng (now Yanling, Henan). This somewhat complicated story became only six characters in "Spring and Autumn": Zheng Boke, Duan Yuyan.But according to the loyal disciples of Confucius, these six characters are the sharp display of Chunqiu brushwork, and those who have received special training can clearly see the "praise and criticism" in it at a glance. Here is an explanation from someone trained in Spring and Autumn brushwork: "Uncle Zheng" is the name for the monarch, not to mention Ji Wusheng or Zheng Boss, this is to blame Ji Wusheng for not fulfilling the responsibility of being an older brother.Whatever my brother wants, Boss Zheng will give. This is indulgence and doting, not a good brother, so I only call him the king. "Ke" refers to defeating the enemy, which shows that Boss Zheng's indulgence is not out of his heart, but a deceit. He has always regarded his younger brother as an enemy from the beginning to the end, and he must kill him quickly. Zheng Boke Duan Yuyan, that is to say, Zheng Zhuanggong used cunning tricks to kill his brother, the enemy.Although it was wrong for Ji Duan to rebel, but Ji Wusheng had no malicious intentions, and had educated his younger brother well before, so that such a tragedy would not have happened.Therefore, the blame rests entirely on Ji Wusheng.这个标题是想告诉我们，那些动机不纯的人，就是消灭了敌人，也没有功劳，大家应该强烈谴责这种内心奸诈、外表忠厚的人。 由此可以看出，春秋笔法暗藏玄机，不经专家讲解，谁都无法弄懂，而且讲解起来极为生涩，很多人都不喜欢学。但刘伯温却是个例外，他学起来津津有味，还能独立发挥。 不过，中国古代的老师不喜欢刘伯温这样太过伶俐的学生，刘伯温的老师每当看到他把学习当成娱乐时，就一脸严肃地说：“老祖宗教导我们，学海无涯苦作舟，学习是苦差事，必须要头悬梁锥刺股，就是你聪明，不需要如此，也要装出痛苦的模样来。唯有真苦尽才能真甘来。你把学习当成是乐子，这是态度不严肃，恐怕不能被老祖宗所喜欢。” 这种论调让刘伯温大吃一惊，他对老师说：“我就是喜欢读书，连老黄历我都喜欢读。如果让我装作读书很苦的样子，那就是虚伪。这不是我能做到的。” 老师气得鼻子直冒火，但对刘伯温超级强大的记忆力却不得不心悦诚服。 实际上，在中国古代，读书人的基本功就是死记硬背，谁的基本功扎实，谁就能脱颖而出。令人遗憾的是，记忆力大多数情况下都是从娘胎里带出来的。刘伯温的记忆力就是与生俱来的。西方哲学界的大佬罗素说，人理应平等。但这不可能，至少从记忆力上而言，就绝不可能平等。 刘伯温凭着超强的记忆力和博览群书的能动力，还有灵光经常闪烁的领悟力，在括城府学中声名鹊起。他的老师悻悻地对刘爚说：“你这孩子成精了，府学里没有人可以教他，还是到外面请个高级教师吧。” 刘爚认为老师说得很对，但高级教师到哪里找，这是个问题。刘伯温的老师说：“这算什么问题，号称理学大师的郑元善啊！” 刘爚愣了，因为他不知道有这么个人。 刘爚不知道理学大师郑元善，情有可原。很多人对“郑元善”这个名字都很陌生，但提到另外一个名字，大家肯定会叫起来。这个名字叫施耐庵，他的老师就是郑元善。 郑元善，字复初，大家都叫他复初郑先生。后人称他为元朝的顶级理学大师。刘伯温在括城读书时，郑大师恰好也在括城，担任州长名誉秘书（处州录事）。由于这是份闲差，所以他把大部分时间都放到教诲一些有志于理学的人上了。 刘爚那天来找复初郑先生时，郑先生正在清风徐来的书桌前闭目沉思天理人心。刘爚对郑先生说：“咱俩曾同行过，我当年在遂昌做过教师。” 复初郑先生抬眼看了看刘爚，嘴角一扬，说：“你有何事，不妨直讲。” 刘爚眼观鼻，鼻观心，心观郑大师，认定这是一个货真价实的高人。因为高人才有这般傲气。刘爚就言简意赅地把儿子刘伯温的记忆力和领悟力说了一遍，最后注解道：“这孩子太聪明了，他的老师已没有能力教诲他。” 郑大师鼻孔朝天：“不是我摆架子，我是不教小孩子的。”这句话的“春秋”说法是小孩子不配要他教，其实把架子摆得很大。刘爚哪里能被架子赶走，开始死缠烂打，非要让郑复初见一下刘伯温，只见一面。眼看就要吃晚饭了，郑大师的肚子开始咕咕叫，但他又不能留刘爚吃饭，因为他薪水很低。肚子让他妥协了，他说：“那就见见。”刘爚满眼都是笑意，喊了一声：“基儿！”只见刘伯温从门外慢慢地走了进来，紧闭着嘴，骨子里散发着寡欢的泡沫。刘伯温的相貌平凡无奇，但是那种孤独落寞的神情颇使人动容。郑复初也是阅人无数的人，一见到刘伯温那独特的气质，不由得心动了一下。 他把刘伯温从上到下、从左到右仔仔细细地看了一遍，像是在鉴赏一件刚出土的古董。最后，他认定这货不错，但还是要深入一下，于是问：“听你老爹说，你七行俱下，过目不忘？” 刘伯温鞠躬回答：“是。”郑复初“呦”了一声，这小子还不谦虚，正合我性格：“都读过什么书啊？”“很多。”刘伯温又鞠了一躬回答。郑复初又问：“读过《周易》吧？”刘伯温点头：“七岁就读过。”“天地氤氲，下一句是什么？”“万物化醇。”“天地玄黄呢？”“宇宙洪荒。”“什么是宇，什么又是宙？”“天地四方谓之宇，古往今来谓之宙。”据《刘伯温年谱》说，郑复初听完刘伯温的正确回答后，就从椅子上弹起来，兴奋地对刘爚说：“你这孩子小小年纪就有如此阅读量和记忆力，前途不可限量。我收下这个学生了！” 其实这是扯淡。两人的问答条目都是《周易》上的内容，《周易》是儒家五经之一，属于学生们的必读课本。在当时，一个14岁的学生如果不能把《周易》从头到脚背诵下来，那他就是个蠢货。 郑复初之所以收下刘伯温，可能和刘伯温的另类气质有关，在刘伯温忧郁而孤傲的神情中，郑复初大概是看到了自己的影子。 郑复初是元王朝恢复科举制后的第一批汉族人里的进士，正如刘爚说的那样，科举制必将卷土重来，元帝国在1315年正式恢复科举制，并且就在那年进行了第一次考试。据说，郑复初考试时就很不满意，因为汉人和南人的考试内容比蒙古人和色目人的要多，而且难。汉人和南人的考题如果是高考题，那蒙古人和色目人的考题就是成人教育题。 在等成绩时，郑复初又是一肚子火，因为成绩单迟迟不下来，有官方小道消息说，成绩单所以迟迟不公布，是因为教育部的人正在发愁。按当时的规定，两榜，即汉人、南人一榜，蒙古人、色目人一榜，人数必须相同，但蒙人和色目人的成绩一塌糊涂，及格人数可怜兮兮的只有二十出头，所以，他们不知该怎么办。最后决定，照顾蒙古人和色目人，把原来准备招收的一百多人改为只招二十多人。也就是说，有很多汉人和南人都及格了，可因为要照顾蒙古人和色目人，必须要让他们不及格。 郑复初正要发雷霆之怒，大榜下来了，里面居然有他。他就忘了自己要发怒的事，转而写诗一百首颂扬元帝国的伟大。 兴奋劲儿还没过去，郑复初又听说了可靠的消息：中进士的汉人和南人即使是尧舜附体、杨二郎转世，也只能担任地方政府的二把手。 郑复初当时已没有了发火的动力，于是就被分配到一个偏远地区做州长的秘书。州长是蒙古人，瞧不起汉人，总找郑复初的茬，郑复初心想，如果再这样下去，非死在这里不可。于是辞职，跑到括城来，申请了份闲职。 在此，有必要补充一下科举制的问题： 中国古代的科举制是中央政府选拔官员的一个主要渠道。科举制诞生于中国隋王朝，常设的科目有秀才、明经、进士、俊士、明法、明字、明算等五十多种。但最受考生青睐的是进士科，因为这一科虽然很难考，但一旦考上，前途就一片光明。科举制经过不断完善，到明清时，分为三个必备步骤，第一步是乡试，即考生在户籍所在地的省城进行的考试；第二步是会试，即乡试录取者到京城参加的由教育部主持的考试；第三步是殿试，即由皇帝亲自主持的面试，按照从优到劣排名，分为一甲二甲三甲，一甲中取三名，就是状元、榜眼、探花，其他人分列二三甲中。 不同朝代，科举考试内容也不同，唐代重诗词歌赋，宋代重填空和时政论文，虽然大体内容不出儒家经典，但没有哪个政府强行规定必须要用儒家的哪些课本。可元王朝恢复科举制后，考试科目竟然强行规定为四书《大学》《中庸》《孟子》，参考书则是南宋理学大师朱熹的《四书章句集注》。我们注意，有人咒骂明清两代的科举制把朱熹当成宝贝，实际上，是元王朝先把朱熹当成了宝贝。 朱熹是理学宗师，中国思想史中最有分量的理学在他手中定型，元政府用他的《四书章句集注》作为考生的唯一参考书，只能说明一点，理学在元代毫不保留地四射光芒了。 从这一点而言，郑复初能考中进士，就说明他对理学研究极深，不然他也不可能考上。刘伯温来向郑大师学习，主要还是学习理学。 理学到底是个什么东西，需要我们大致了解一下：理学就是道学，在北宋的程颐手中吐蕊。当然，它也不是程颐的闭门造车，其实理学就是孔孟儒学的再发挥。理学家认为，宇宙中有一种无善无恶无所不能的“理”，他们称为“天理”。而人人都有欲望，这就是人欲，天理人欲不两立。必须要刻苦修炼去除人欲，回归天理，成为圣人。修炼的渠道就是儒家所标榜的道德，忠、孝、仁、义，每一个指标都要合格。想要每个指标都合格，必须要极端严肃地进行修炼，通过探索外面的万事万物，达到认识天理的境界。在探索万事万物时，必须要有恭敬的心态、一本正经的外貌。不能追赶跑跳蹦，不能大声喧哗，更不能嬉皮。不能心有邪念，每天要三省甚至是九省吾身，好的心思要保持，坏的就赶紧去掉。 看上去，如果真的这样尽心尽力，那么，理学家“为天地立心，为生民立命，为往圣继绝学，为万世开太平”的理想就很容易实现。但遗憾的是，中国理学家那么多，做到这四项要求的一个都没有。 其实问题就出在理学家这里。大多数理学家只做两件事说一句话，两件事是：一、制作道德守则的脚本；二、让别人去演。一句话是：必须要是道德完人（修身），才能去建立事功（治国平天下）。 ——注意理学家说的修身，不仅仅是思想道德，还有外表。北宋伟大人物王安石不修边幅，程颐就鄙视王安石：你连修身都做不到，还谈什么变法。 一个人具备无懈可击的完美道德，说起来容易，做起来实在太难。人生在世，肉体之身，为了生存，难免做几件有悖道德的事。王安石就对理学家们提出的种种高调的道德标准提出过讥讽，说他们那些道德要求是壁上行，根本无法实现。孔子就曾说过，大德不逾闲，小德出入可也。但理学家却说，一点小德都不能出入。最关键的问题是，他们的许多道德要求都是出口货，都是让别人来演的，自己只是个编剧或者是导演。 我们要了解一种学说，只需要看创建它的人就可以。程颐和他哥哥程颢曾去做客，主人用妓女招呼他们。程颐从始至终都正襟危坐，像块大理石。而他哥哥程颢却左搂右抱，卿卿我我。 程颐很不高兴，回家后，气咻咻地训老哥：“你这种行为真给读书人丢人！” 程颢打了个哈欠说：“我刚才是座中有妓女，心中也有妓女。现在，我离开了座，座中无妓女，我心中也没有了。你恰好相反，虽然你没有看妓女，但心中却有，只是假装正经，不敢碰。我为什么这么说呢？因为你现在心中还有妓女。不然，你怒气冲冲地跑来质问我干什么？” 程颐瞠目结舌，赶紧跑回房间反省，结果发现他老哥说得真对。 程颐后来感叹说：“我们的道德要求定得太高啦，不符合人性。”可感叹完，他又给别人提要求去了，因为这些太高的道德要求，是他写给别人的脚本，又不需要他来演。 不过，郑复初不是纯粹的理学家，或者说，他对理学家在道德上的高标准并不那么在意。他最在意的是理学家的思想。 自他和刘伯温成为师徒后，他把理学思想源源不断地传递给刘伯温，刘伯温就在他这里沐浴着理学思想的光芒。 于是，突然有一天，郑大师叫来刘爚说：“据说你祖上有人解救过千百号人，我以前对'天道无常，常与善人'的说法颇有怀疑。现在我看刘基，发现这句话还是有道理的。你把你儿子领走吧，将来他必是人上之人，光大你家门庭。” 刘爚大吃一惊，认为给郑复初的学费太少。但郑大师急忙摇头说：“理学宗旨，我已教给他。圣人说，想要弄懂天理人心，别人的传授只是启蒙，还要靠自己。你儿子悟性很好，必能悟道。带他走吧。我没有可教他的了。” 刘爚这才转惊为喜，领走了刘伯温。就在他准备观赏刘伯温悟理学之道时，刘伯温真的就悟了道，但不是理学之道，而是道家之道。 多年以后，刘伯温被后人尊奉为未卜先知的大仙和呼风唤雨的魔法师，所以有这些头衔，和他与道教、道家思想的亲密接触有很大关系。 刘伯温在老家时就读过，对里面的辩证法极有心得。他说，爱臭美的女人招来好色之徒，喜欢炫富的人招来强盗，卖弄才华的人招来嫉妒。刘伯温也读过，他后来撰写的著作《郁离子》中那些天外飞龙般的想象力的源泉就是庄子。他当然也读过许多道家典籍，对道家的诸多法术有疑有信。他的老家南田山是第六福地，他的老爹靠卜算帮助老乡寻找走失的羊和小狗。这一切，都注定了他和道教必有因缘。而因缘正如荷花一样在括城露出尖尖角。 扮演“尖尖角”角色的是紫虚观道士吴梅涧。 紫虚观在括城东南十里的好溪畔少微山上，好溪是一条大河，两岸连云，高崖壁立，原名恶溪，水中常有怪物出没。唐宣宗李忱时，当地州长段成式以善政治民而感动了水怪，使水怪离开了恶溪，人们遂改其名为好溪。 在人们的口口相传中，紫虚观的吴梅涧道士被幻化成一个诡异人物。有人经常看见吴道士在太阳初升时，恭敬地举着一个擦拭得发亮的罐子，罐口对准太阳，收集光芒。还有人看见，漆黑的夜里，吴道士在坟场用一个形似骷髅的东西捕捉鬼火。更有人发现，吴道士的房间无论白天黑夜，都光亮得可怕。而民间坚信少微山那些绚丽的风景，是吴道士对其用了某种奇异的法术。 刘伯温早就听说过少微山的风景，于是和一群志同道合的朋友去游览，陪伴他们的吴道士对少微山的一草一木了如指掌，曾指着好溪畔一块巨石说：“这是当年段成式捉了水怪曝晒之处，如果你收敛精神去嗅，还能闻到水怪的恶臭。”刘伯温当即断定，吴道士有导游的潜质。而且又断定，吴道士还是个乐天派，从来没有人见过吴道士眉头紧锁，这或许是道教对人类情感的一大贡献，道士们永远都是乐观的。佛教说，今生受苦，来生享福。儒教说，站直了，坐稳了，给我学圣人！而道教则说，你想长生吗？我这里有仙丹，不需要你做任何跟自己过不去的事，你准备好炉子和钱就可以了。如果你没有炉子和钱，那你可以养生啊，我这里有养生不可不知的各种细节，按照细节去做，就能长生。你想要好多的钱？可以，我这里有点金术。你想要美女，也可以，做个忠厚老实的人，老天就给你送来美女。我这里有案例啊，没听过七仙女下凡的故事吗？ 吴梅涧说：“一切难事、苦事、痛事，其实都是你心里的事。让你的心不动，这些事就不起波澜，如果有了这些事，那就是庸人自扰。” 或许正是吴梅涧的乐观态度，让郁郁寡欢的刘伯温见到了阳光，一来二去，两人成了好朋友。有一天，刘伯温问他收集阳光和鬼火的事，吴道士放声大笑，指着炼丹炉说：“一切物体都是有生命的，关键是如何唤醒它。春天万物复苏时，你坐在窗前清除内心的闲思杂虑，就能听到花蕾