Chapter 15 Chapter 14 Unite All Ethnic Groups to Resist Japan and Seek Liberation

China is a multi-ethnic country with more than 50 ethnic minorities. The population only accounts for about 6% of the national population, and the living area accounts for about 60% of the total area of ​​the country.China's ethnic issue is a thorny issue for the rulers of all dynasties, and it has never been resolved.The Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao raised the issue of national unity as soon as they arrived in northern Shaanxi. In the spring of 1936, Gao Gang, Cao Dongzhi, Zhao Tongru, Tian Wansheng and other comrades were sent to the Suimeng area to carry out the work of uniting the Mongolian nation in the war of resistance.Since ancient times, the Mongolian nation has worked, lived and multiplied in the vast land of Suimeng. It has a long history and created a splendid culture.

In the spring of 1939, the central government decided to establish the Northwest Work Committee, which was mainly in charge of the work of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qingsui and ethnic minorities. In the spring of 1940, when the Northwest Working Committee was discussing the formulation of the "Outline on the Issue of Hui and Hui Ethnicity", there were differences of opinion in the committee.On this issue, Zhang Wentian presided over the meeting for discussion.Gao Gang, Wang Ruofei, Li Fuchun and others spoke at the meeting.They have all worked in Hui and Mongolian areas.When Gao Gang worked in the Mongolia Working Committee and the Minority Working Committee, he did a lot of research and research in order to formulate ethnic policies.After discussions at the meeting, it was shown from a large amount of historical data that the Hui in our country came to China from Persia and other places in the Yuan Dynasty, and there were also Persians and big cannibals who came to China in the Tang and Song Dynasties.In the process of development, the Hui nationality has infiltrated a large number of Han people due to reasons such as intermarriage with the Han nationality and the forced Muslims of the Han people in history.It is affirmed that Huihui is a separate nation, not purely Muslim.After the understanding was unified, the "Outline of the Huihui Nationality Issue" was formulated. After Mao Zedong reviewed it, he pointed out: "We must oppose the Han chauvinism. If we do not oppose the Han chauvinism, we will not be able to achieve the goal of uniting and resisting Japan." He added a sentence in the "Outline" to The most important words: "To oppose Han chauvinism, this is the most important thing, but at the same time to oppose narrow nationalism."This provides a more comprehensive guideline for formulating policies on ethnic minorities.After this outline was basically approved by the Central Secretariat, it was distributed to party committees at all levels.

In July of the same year, the Western Working Committee proposed the "Outline of Mongolian Ethnic Issues" and reported it to the central government for printing and distributing to party committees at all levels. The promulgation of these two documents was the result of fierce struggle.Due to the influence of Han chauvinism, not only the Northwest Work Committee and the party in the border regions, but even some senior cadres were affected by the legacy of the old society, and their understanding was not unified.The Chiang Kai-shek clique strongly opposes national unity and pursues a policy of Han chauvinism and oppressive nationalities.Chiang Kai-shek asserted in "The Destiny of China" that there is only one nation in China, the so-called "nation", and the various ethnic minorities in China are nothing but "clans" and "clans" of one "nation".The Huihui question is a religious question.He also does not recognize the Mongolian nation, saying that the Mongolian nation is a "frontier people" and that the Mongolian nation issue is a so-called "frontier issue."

Japan's claws of aggression extended into Inner Mongolia to create an "independent" regime.After the fall of eastern Inner Mongolia, the Japanese army expanded to Ningxia and sent spies and traitors in an attempt to instigate some members of the upper class of the Hui people to set up a "Hui Hui Guo", tricking the Hui people into splitting and making "independence", in an attempt to seize the opportunity to occupy the entire Northwest. The Northwest Working Committee headed by Zhang Wentian and the Party Committee of the Border Region headed by Gao Gang put a lot of effort into unifying the understanding and thinking of the minority issue.They sent personnel to conduct investigations and collect information, providing a large amount of historical and realistic information for the formulation of the two "outlines", and unified understanding.It is particularly worth mentioning that Li Weihan, Jia Tuofu, Gao Gang and others have done a lot of specific research work.They have all worked in the Mongolian and Ethnic Affairs Committees and are familiar with the situation of the Mongolian and Hui ethnic groups.Under the guidance of these two documents, the ethnic groups in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region are united, and the relationship between the various ethnic groups has always been very harmonious.Autonomous townships and autonomous villages have been established in eastern Gansu and areas where there are ethnic minorities in the three sides.Mongolian and Hui compatriots participated in the Border Region Council and the Border Region Government Committee.During the Anti-Japanese War, the work of ethnic minorities in the border area was very active, and it became a model for implementing the party's ethnic equality policy. It was praised by ethnic minorities as "the border area is the beacon of ethnic minority liberation".

At the end of March 1940, the "Mongolian Culture Promotion Association" was established in Yan'an. Gao Gang was the chairman of the conference and a member of the council of the "Promotion Association" approved by the conference. suggestion.After the completion of the memorial hall, the Genghis Khan Memorial Conference was grandly held on July 4. Gao Gang attended the conference and delivered a speech. As early as 1939, the Japanese army invaded China step by step. After the fall of Guisui (ie Hohhot) and Baotou, Genghis Khan's mausoleum was in danger of being robbed.So it was determined to move the spirit to Xinglong Mountain near Lanzhou (it was moved back to the original place after liberation).When Yiling passed through Yan'an, the capital of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, a grand memorial ceremony was held in Yan'an.More than 100 units from all walks of life in Yan'an participated in the memorial ceremony.Gao Gang attended the memorial meeting and spoke highly of Genghis Khan. In his sacrificial text, he said: Genghis Khan is "the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, the hero of the world" and "the giant of the universe...unmatched in ancient and modern times".

Such a solemn commemoration of Genghis Khan by the Party Central Committee and the Central Bureau of the Border Region greatly shocked the Mongolian nation, and made the Party's anti-Japanese national united front increasingly consolidated and developed.In the struggle of joint resistance and liberation, the Mongolian nation was inspired to carry forward the revolutionary spirit of bravery and war, and made a major contribution to defeating Japanese imperialism and the Kuomintang rule. Following the establishment of the Mongolian Culture Promotion Association, the inauguration ceremony of the Yan'an Mosque was held in October.Announced the establishment of the China Islamic Salvation Nation Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Branch and the Hui Culture Promotion Association.Originally, there were not many Muslims in Yan'an, but in order to respect the religious beliefs and customs of Islam, reflect our party's policy of ethnic equality, and oppose the policy of ethnic oppression by Han chauvinists, the Central Bureau of the Border Region and the government funded the establishment of mosques and Muslim cafeterias, and hired imams As the imam of the mosque, Mao Zedong inscribed the three characters "Mosque".At that time in Yan'an, this mosque could be said to have a magnificent project and a first-class building with elegant decoration, which had a great influence on the majority of Muslim compatriots.It is a pity that after Hu Zongnan invaded and occupied Yan'an, he set it on fire and burned it down. This is also an example of the Kuomintang's disregard for ethnic minorities.

In the spring of 1941, the Northwest Work Committee and the Border Region Central Bureau merged to form the Northwest Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.The tasks of the Northwest Working Committee were transferred to the Northwest Bureau. In July, the Northwest Bureau established a working committee for ethnic minorities, and Jia Tuofu, secretary-general of the Northwest Bureau, also served as the director of the working committee. In August, the Border Region Government established the Ethnic Affairs Committee, with Ulanhu as its director. Gao Gang instructed the Organization Department to deploy capable ethnic minority cadres to work in the Ethnic Affairs Commission, and put ethnic work on the agenda of the Northwest Bureau, constantly supervised and inspected the work of the Ethnic Affairs Commission, and required all departments to support and cooperate with the work of the Ethnic Affairs Commission, and fully implement the work of ethnic minorities. Ethnic policy, opposing Han chauvinism and narrow nationalism, prohibiting discrimination among ethnic groups, mobilizing the enthusiasm of ethnic minorities to fight against the war, build a country, and seek liberation together, and jointly oppose imperialism and the public enemies of the people of all ethnic groups.

In order to unite the strength of the eastern nations, establish the anti-fascist united front of all the eastern nations, and strengthen the world anti-fascist camp. In the autumn of 1941, Zhu De, Gao Gang and others initiated the establishment of the "Oriental Nationalities Anti-Fascist Alliance".After the approval of the Central Committee, a symposium of representatives of various ethnic groups in the East was held in Yan'an in September to discuss issues related to the establishment of the "Great Alliance".There were 21 representatives from 20 international and domestic groups present at the meeting, and the Declaration of the Eastern National Congress was passed.Gao Gang delivered a speech at the symposium, pointing out that the purpose of the "Grand Alliance" is to organize an international united front among the nationalities in the East to fight against fascism and defend the freedom and independence of all nationalities.

On October 30th, the conference opened. Eastern countries and domestic organizations of various ethnic groups included Muslim Association, Mongolian Students Association, Tibetan Association, Yi Nationality Students Association, Hui and Mongolian Culture Promotion Association, Japan Anti-War League and more than 100 groups from 18 ethnic groups. The attendance of five representatives at the conference showed the unprecedented great unity of all ethnic groups in the East, and the passionate and fighting atmosphere of fighting for national freedom and liberation and opposing fascist aggression.Mao Zedong, Zhu De, and Gao Gang braved the rain to attend the meeting, and made reports and speeches respectively.The meeting announced the establishment of the "Grand Alliance of Eastern Nations against Fascism", and elected the executive committee of the "Grand Alliance", with Gao Gang and others elected as members and Zhu De as the chairman.The conference called on the eastern nations to strengthen their unity and fight together against fascist rule.

In order to strengthen national unity and national unity, as early as 1936 when Gao Gang led cavalry troops and a group of cadres into the Yimeng and Yanchi areas, they paid great attention to the training and improvement of minority cadres.Develop members of the Communist Party of China among the Mongolian people, hold training courses, select cadres of ethnic minorities, and open up revolutionary bases in the Shaanxi-Ningxia-Mongolian Border Region. In the spring of 1939, Gao Gang wrote to Zhao Tongru: "You must pay attention to cultivating local cadres." "It is very important to seriously train some Mongolian cadres who are supported by the Mongolian people." "Remember not to train a large number of new party members. Local cadres, especially Mongolian cadres, cannot do the work of the Islamic League well." "It is necessary to greatly increase the enthusiasm of ethnic compatriots politically, adhere to a firm and correct political direction, and strictly implement the work style of hard work. The most important task of the Islamic League Working Committee."

In October 1941, the Northwest Bureau decided to establish the Institute for Nationalities, Gao Gang served as the dean concurrently, Gao Kelin served as the vice president, and Ulanhu served as the director of education.Gao Gang personally participated in the discussion and formulation of educational policies and educational plans, which were suitable for the characteristics of minority students, highlighted the needs of the Chinese revolution and the Anti-Japanese War, and focused on the education and research of guidelines and policies for solving domestic ethnic issues.According to Gao Gang's instructions, the Institute for Nationalities focuses on the political and ideological education of the Chinese revolution and the unity of the Chinese ethnic minorities to resist Japan and seek liberation together; the education of the Marxist-Leninist world outlook; the education of Chinese ethnic issues and the party's ethnic policies and guidelines; cultural Knowledge and education of policy on current affairs.Gao Gang personally taught politics to the students of the People's Academy.His lectures are well received by combining theory with practice, combining it properly, and his language is concise, to the point, and easy to understand.The students said: Dean Gao’s theory is not deep, he doesn’t stick to words, he speaks well, and he is very familiar with Mongolian customs, customs, and history. Before the establishment of the People's Academy, there were students from ethnic minorities in major and middle schools in Yan'an, and some schools set up classes and departments for ethnic minority students.After the establishment of the Minyuan, the minority students from various schools were gathered in the Minyuan, divided into high-level, intermediate, and low-level classes according to their level, and taught according to their grades and levels.Advanced classes include Marxist-Leninist Philosophy, Political Economy, Chinese Revolutionary Issues, Ethnic Issues, Ethnic Policy, and Current Affairs Policy.Lower grade courses include political knowledge, culture, history, geography, mathematics and other courses.Students who are older and have practical experience organize a research class, such as Yang Jingren, Yun Beifeng, etc. study in the research class.There are more than 400 students in the whole school, with the largest number of Mongolian students, followed by a large number of Hui students, as well as Tibetan and Yi students.The students of the People's Academy include cadres, soldiers, and young farmers and herdsmen who came from the uprising and were incorporated into the ethnic armed forces.This minority revolutionary school, composed of 7 ethnic groups including Mongolia and Hui, is of great significance to solving domestic ethnic problems and training minority cadres. A large number of leading cadres of the party, government, military and economic construction, as well as cultural and educational cadres. In the case of extreme economic difficulties, Dean Gao Gang paid special attention to the living supplies and teaching equipment of the students of the Minority College.He instructed the leaders of the school to try to expand the school building and purchase equipment.He said that the students of the Minority Academy should be arranged according to the principle of "special points and preferential treatment", and the standard of food should be higher than that of other schools.It is stipulated that an extra 10 catties of white flour should be provided per person per month, and clothing should be provided for each person with two sets of unlined clothes and one set of cotton clothes per year, while in other schools, each person should have one set of unlined clothes per year and one set of cotton clothes every three years.On national festivals, they also take care of the customs of the ethnic groups, hold celebrations, have dinners, dances, etc. Gao Gang often hangs out, plays ball and dances with the students of the folk academy. Gao Gang demanded that the People's Academy should not only be a school for learning revolutionary knowledge, but also a school for work and a labor university.To inherit and carry forward the fine tradition of our party's founding of the revolutionary cadre school, we must have a good style of study, school style and work style.He personally participated in the modification and approval of the school song.Following Gao Gang's instructions, the teachers and students of the college not only worked hard to study revolutionary theory and cultural knowledge, improved their political awareness and cultural level, enhanced their sense of national self-esteem and patriotism, but also actively participated in various work practice activities to cultivate Students can improve their practical work ability and hard-working spirit, such as building kilns and building houses by themselves, planting land and harvesting grain, chopping firewood and burning charcoal, training their will in production labor, and improving their abilities in both literature and martial arts.During the large-scale production movement, the students of the Minority Institute opened up wasteland and farmed land, and harvested a large amount of grain and vegetables. The central leadership praised the students of the Minority Institute as "all good workers." Minyuan is also an amateur literature and art propaganda team.According to the specialty of ethnic minorities who are good at singing and dancing, they use their spare time to actively organize cultural and entertainment activities. The songs and Yangko operas they compose and create are performed on festivals such as the New Year and Spring Festival, as well as condolence performances to support the army and honor relatives. The program was well received by the masses and praised by the literary and art circles in Yan'an. In October 1943, the border region held a Hui work conference to study the work in the Hui area. Gao Gang delivered a speech at the meeting, calling on the Han people to unite and drive away Japanese imperialism. In the spring of 1944, with the approval of the central government, the Northwest Bureau decided to move the Institute for Nationalities to Dingbian, which is next to the Iraqi League and Ningxia. There are many Mongolian and Hui residents here, and they can directly contact the Mongolian and Hui people and participate in some specific practical work. Further exercise and improve in practice.In the revolutionary melting pot of the Institute for Nationalities, students of ethnic minorities have generally improved their patriotism, internationalism, national liberation, social liberation awareness, and class struggle awareness; Policy awareness; increased understanding of the importance of opposing Han chauvinism and narrow nationalist ideology.Many students of the college have honorably joined the Youth League and Communist Party organizations.After graduation, the students of the People's Institute were assigned to various anti-Japanese base areas, the front lines of the Liberation War and places where the revolution needed. Some became senior cadres of our party and made outstanding contributions to the liberation of various nationalities. After the formation of the anti-Japanese united front, it not only adhered to the policy of unity and struggle in Han areas, but also implemented this policy in minority areas, maintaining the leading position of our party in the united front. With the development of the Anti-Japanese War situation and the changes of domestic class contradictions, Gao Gang, in his leadership work in the border areas, made constant adjustments and adaptations in accordance with the anti-Japanese national united front line of the Party Central Committee, and in minority areas in favor of national unity and national unity. , Flexibly implement the principles and policies of the United Anti-Japanese War to adapt to the needs of the new situation. Before the Xi’an Incident, after Japan invaded and occupied the whole of Northeast China and parts of North China, it planned to use “Inner Mongolia as the forward position to attack the Chinese Soviet Red Army and the Northwest Anti-Japanese Forces.” The Inner Mongolian nation was at a critical juncture of life and death. , the special proposition of "independence", calling on the people of Inner Mongolia to unite with the people of the whole country, the people of Outer Mongolia and the people of the Soviet Union to oppose the common aggressors.The Communist Party and the Soviet Red Army implemented the policy of "supporting the people of Inner Mongolia is managed and decided by the Mongolian people themselves, and the oppression of the Mongolian people by all warlords is unconditionally abolished."Use all means to publicize to the people of Inner Mongolia the fact that Japanese imperialism has annexed Inner Mongolia and the danger of Mongolia's demise, so as to arouse the awakening of the Mongolian nation and carry out the struggle for national liberation. In the winter of 1936, the Minority Work Committee and Gao Gang reported to the Central Committee twice, made a specific analysis of the dynamics of the Mongolian people, and proposed adjustments to the work policy of Inner Mongolia.With the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the gradual formation of the united front, in February 1937, in the reply letter to the Ethnic Affairs Commission and Gao Gang, the Central Committee made adjustments to the work in Inner Mongolia according to Gao Gang’s opinion, pointing out that the center of Mongolia’s work should be It is "Anti-Japanese Aid Sui", mobilizing the whole Mongolian people to support Fu Zuoyi's war of resistance, mobilizing the people of Inner Mongolia to unite to participate in the war of resistance, providing material assistance to the front line and organizing condolence groups to go to the front line to condolences.Change the previous strategy of "resisting Japan and opposing Han warlords" at the same time. Otherwise, the Mongolian people will be in a confrontational position with the Han ruler (Fu Zuoyi) who is resisting Japan, and the Mongolian people will not participate in the war of resistance, which is objectively beneficial to Japan.In the reply letter, he agreed with Gao Gang’s letter that “northern China only relies on the Mongols to resist the Japanese army’s insufficient strength”, and we must win over the Han military officers’ advocacy of the resolute anti-Japanese faction, correcting the sayings of the “pro-Red faction” and “uniting the Red faction to resist the Japanese” and helping the Mongolian and Han in their resistance against the Japanese. The formation of factions, expanding their strength, and uniting the left in the name of resisting Japan will make it impossible for the right to oppose and it will be easier to unite the Mongolian people.The enlightened princes and princes among the Mongols were recruited to participate in and preside over the anti-war work. The Mongols' affairs were decided by the Mongols themselves. We only gave help and advice, and did not deepen ethnic hatred.In order to unite the Mongolian people in the war of resistance, not only should Yanchi be under the jurisdiction of the Mongolian people, but also a mediation attitude should be adopted in the dispute over the Mongolian people's return of their land, and both parties should be persuaded to help the Mongolian people claim their land back without hindering their feelings. The report of the Ethnic Affairs Commission and Gao Gang and the reply letter from the central government further set the course for the work in Inner Mongolia and laid the foundation for the development of the work in Mongolia.As a result, a great situation emerged in Inner Mongolia. Regardless of class, nationality, gender, or affiliation, tens of thousands of people were mobilized to unite and resist humiliation. After the "July 7th" Incident, the policies and strategies were further changed, taking the Mongolian and Han joint resistance against Japan as the highest principle of the Suimeng work, mobilizing the general trend of the anti-Japanese movement of all classes in Mongolia, and carrying out the implementation of the principle that the more influential and prestigious people among the Mongolians The policy of fighting for disintegrates the power of the Japanese army in North China, shakes its foundation, and changes the original slogan "Down with the traitorous Dewang" to "Demand Dewang to resist Japan", hoping that Dewang will turn back and fight against Japan.At the same time, publicly criticize King De to make the Mongolian people understand the difference between the reactionary national movement and the revolutionary national movement.Mobilization slogan: "No division of alliance flags, no distinction between top and bottom, unite as one, unite Mongolia and Han, resist Japan and aid Sui, defend Suiyuan, defend Mongolia! Expel the Japanese army out of Suiyuan!" "Mongolians will not fight Mongols! Do not fight anti-Japanese troops ! Don’t be a running dog for the Japanese army!” In accordance with the spirit mentioned above, Gao Gang consulted with the Suiyuan, Ningxia and Yulin authorities and carried out the work of the upper-level united front. As for them, they still implemented the policy of Han chauvinism, exorbitant taxation and exploitation of the Mongols, armed suppression, and the prohibition of Mongols. The freedom of the war of resistance and the practice of obstructing the Mongolian and Han joint resistance against Japan, based on the principle of the war of resistance first, he adopted criticism, struggle and negotiation and mediation to resolve the conflict between the Mongolian people and the Kuomintang government. In Hui areas, adhere to the principles and policies of "full equality of all ethnic groups and national autonomy (previously "self-determination"), declare that the affairs of the Hui people will be managed by the Hui people themselves, unconditionally sponsor and support the liberation movement of the Hui people, until they establish their own government" .In Hui areas, implement the "three major prohibitions" (no stationing in mosques, no eating big meat, and no destruction of palindrome classics), "four attentions" (pay attention to cleanliness, respect the customs of the Hui people, and prohibit the use of Hui utensils indiscriminately. unity of the Han nation). In the spring of 1941, Bai Haifeng and Ulanhu, the main leaders of the New Third Division of Inner Mongolia (belonging to Fu Zuoyi's department), wanted to revolt and played the banner of the Eighth Route Army.After Liu Ruisen returned to Yan'an to report the situation of the New Third Division to Gao Gang, Gao Gang immediately instructed that the New Third Division should not revolt now.Because this army, nominally under the name of the Kuomintang, is actually an armed force controlled by the Communist Party.He said: "The economy in the border area is very difficult. If you don't revolt temporarily, you can still receive supplies from the Nationalist government. An uprising under the banner of the Eighth Route Army will not only cut off the supplies of the Kuomintang, but also be detrimental to the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. It will give the enemy an excuse to oppose the Communist Party." Liu Ruisen went back. After conveying Gao Gang's instructions, some people couldn't accept it, even Ulanhu didn't agree.He personally returned to Yan'an to report, and Gao Gang said: "Let Bai Haifeng come back to study."Then Gao Gang reported to Mao Zedong together with Bai Haifeng and Ulanhu, and Mao Zedong agreed with Gao Gang's opinion.Later, the development of the situation made some comrades realize that Gao Gang's instructions at that time were correct. In the winter of the same year, Gao Gang sent Zhou Renshan and Tian Wansheng to Ala Temple successively to do united front work with Zhang Wenxuan, the guerrilla commander in Yinan.Before leaving, Gao Gang talked to them respectively, explained the tasks, and made Zhao Tongru and Zhang Wenxuan sworn brothers to gradually solve the problem of salt transportation in Gouchi and Dachi.According to Gao Gang's instructions, Tian Wansheng went to Ala Temple to live in the house of Zhang Wenxuan's relatives, and asked his relatives and friends to tell Zhang Wenxuan that Zhao Tongru wanted to worship him.Zhang Wenxuan also wanted to build a relationship with the Communist Party, so he readily agreed to form an "Anda" with Zhao Tongru (the head of the Communist Party's Iraqi League).Then, Zhou Renshan, Zhao Tongru, Tian Wansheng, and Zhang Wenxuan became brothers, got in touch, and carried out the united front work of the Mongolian upper class.Later, Zhang Wenxuan was killed by their insiders. Gao Gang severely criticized Zhao Tongru, the head of the Iraqi League, and others, saying that your work was not deep and detailed, which gave the enemy an excuse and affected the party's united front work. During the second anti-communist upsurge of the Kuomintang, troops were mobilized into the Iraqi League to disrupt the Mongolian-Han joint resistance war.Before the Kuomintang army entered, they wooed the Mongolians. After Chen Changjie and He Wending occupied the Iraqi League, they fought against the Communist Party and the Eighth Route Army in an attempt to conquer the Mongolians.Gao Gang presided over the meeting of the Northwest Bureau, discussed and formulated the policy and strategy of mobilizing the Mongols to fight against "Chen He's misfortune". Protect progressives.Gao Gang's tactics of "pull and fight, both soft and hard" against "Chen He", killing progressives, suppressing the Zhaqi Palace, driving away the Shah's crimes, instructing the Iraqi League Working Committee to fight against the "Chen He Movement" , should be proposed among the Mongols to "save the sand king", "save Mongolia", "revenge for XX (those killed by the enemy)", "Hide the food and not give it to He Wending", "Hide the cattle and sheep, and die Don't hand over", "Don't let Chen He's soldiers rob Mongolian land", "Take up guns to protect Mongolian lives", "Resist Japan and protect Mongolia first" and other slogans were widely publicized to mobilize Mongolians to resist the criminal acts of Chen Changjie and He Wending .At the same time, they called on the Mongolians of the Seven Banners of the Iraqi League to unite and fight against the enemy together.It pointed out that "a Mongolian man is united in one mind, and thousands of troops and horses are hard to defeat. Don't be afraid of Chen, don't be afraid of He, just be afraid that the Mongolian people will not be of one mind", "the Mongolian people will not come to fight the Mongolian people, the Mongolian people will be united, and work together to save Mongolia". People's voices are compiled into songs, and they take advantage of the advantages of the Mongolian people's good songs to sing everywhere, inspiring and improving the Mongolian people's mood to persevere in struggle.In the struggle against Chen He, we must warn the Mongolian people to be careful of being deceived by the Japanese puppets, and we must build a united front against Deng Baoshan and Gao Shuangcheng in Yulin to avoid making many enemies, and jointly deal with Chen He.According to the above instructions, the Yimeng Working Committee did hard and meticulous work to unite the Mongolian people, making Chen He "besieged on all sides" and in constant fear. In order to win over the upper class, Gao Gang personally wrote a letter to Hui Zhongquan, asking Hui Zhongquan, Zhao Tongru, Guo Bingkun, etc. to do the work of fighting for the King Sha, and asked them to become brothers with the King Sha, proposing: 1.Explain to Sha Wang all the dark reactionary crimes of the Kuomintang, don't be fooled by the Kuomintang, all the sweet words are empty promises to deceive you Mongolians.If there were no Eighth Route Army and the Communist Party in this incident, wouldn’t your sand king have been wiped out by the Kuomintang? (The King Sha is the prince of Zhasa Banner and the leader of the Iraqi League. He was kicked out by Chen Changjie and expelled from the country, and was rescued by the Communist Party and the Eighth Route Army.) Explain the truth to the King Sha and break the King Sha's illusions about the Kuomintang. 2.We should not expect the Shah King to firmly rely on us and oppose the Kuomintang all at once.Now Shawang is afraid that we will dye him "red", so we should not forcefully attend their negotiation meeting.Now that he has negotiated with the Kuomintang, we will be their "behind the scenes" and make plans for them, asking him not to go to Yulin and Shanba no matter what, and resolutely asking the Kuomintang troops to leave the Iraqi League.The slogan is "Mongolian affairs are handled by the Mongolian people, and Mongolian people are managed by the people."It shows that relying on the Kuomintang has no future.We can help him solve his difficulties. For example, when King Sha came to Yan'an, we could provide him with winter clothes for all the people, give him 100 good guns, and give him food to eat. 3.Among the Mongols the work of the middle and lower classes had to be carried out.Guo Bingkun, Zhao Tongru and you (referring to Hui Zhongquan) can worship Shawang’s Lao Company Commander, Bi Tuan Commander, A Committee Member, etc. as brothers and establish a deep friendship.During the negotiations, through the mouths of Company Commander Lai Lai and Commander Bi, etc., they put forward tough conditions for the Kuomintang to the King Shah, and the King Shah was firm and did not want the King Shah to waver and compromise. 4.For Ebaoshan in Wushen Banner, you can ask him to come to Yan'an, and he will be treated very well. When you go back, you must translate Nasu's last words into Mongolian and send them to King Sha. 5.The upper and lower levels of the various banners of the Islamic League should find a way to work through the Shah, expose all the deceptions of the Kuomintang, and call on all banners to unite and resist the oppression of the Kuomintang under the leadership of the Shah.Insist on protecting the interests of the Mongols, and widely publicize the reactionary nature of the Kuomintang and the crimes of oppressing the Mongols in history to the Mongols of all banners. Utilizing the hospitable and honest traditional habits of the Mongols, they used various methods such as sworn worship and gift-giving to build relationships, fight for the upper class, and engage in a united front. the masses.Such as Qi Guoxian, Qi Jinshan, Na Su, Ma Benzhai and other Mongolian and Hui cadres.These people sacrificed and passed away one after another. The border region held memorial services for them, printed commemorative books, and held exhibitions of revolutionary deeds, which had a great influence on ethnic minorities. Nasu (Chinese name Lei Shouchang) was from Nalinhe, Wushen Banner.In his early days, he participated in the revolutionary activities of Lama Xi Ni against feudal dictatorship.During the Great Revolution, he heard that Gao Gang went to Wushen Banner to worship Gao Yinbatu and others, carried out revolutionary activities, and developed members of the Communist Party of China, so he felt envious. Around 1930, he learned that Gao Gang, Cao Dongzhi and others were making a revolution in Hengshan, so he gave two good horses to Cao Dongzhi's guerrillas and asked where Gao Gang lived. In the spring of 1935, under the influence of Liu Zhidan and Gao Gang leading the Red Army from Nanliang to northern Shaanxi to carry out revolutionary activities, Nasu launched an armed coup, ousted Meng Kewuliji, took over the military power, became the battalion commander himself, and announced the abolition of the The feudal autocratic system of feudal princes and nobles has become a force to fight against the opposition forces in Wushen Banner.In the autumn of the same year, when Liu Zhidan, Gao Gang and others led the Red Army to attack Hengshan, Na Su heard the news and brought several people to Hengshan to make contact. In the spring of 1936, Gao Gang led cavalry to the border of the Iraqi League to carry out guerrilla warfare. Na Su made a special trip to Fangtan to seek advice from Gao Gang.Gao Gang told him the policies and propositions of the Communist Party and the Red Army, and he accepted them all.Gao Gang gave him a dozen guns, Nasu gave Gao Gang some horses, and wrote a song for Gao Gang: "Gao Gang raises the banner of liberation and overthrows all forces that hinder liberation. Mongols or Han people, we demand light, we demand liberation..." and sworn brothers with Gao Gang.Nasu returned to Montenegro to publicize to the masses: I found the Communist Party this time, "I think the Communist Party's proposition is completely correct." "It is our best friend and savior." In autumn, Nasu brought some people to Dingding The Border Mongolia Working Committee was warmly received by Gao Gang and gave Nasu more than 30 guns and thousands of rounds of bullets.When he came back, he sent more than a dozen horses and dairy products to the Mongolian Working Committee, and the relationship between them became even closer. At the turn of the spring and summer of 1937, a dispute arose between Wushen Banner and Etuoke Banner. Nasu took more than 20 people to Dingbian to find Gao Gang and reported the livestock robbery incident in E Banner. E flag.Gao Gang advised him not to fight, "We must use our strength on the most vicious Japanese army." He also gave Nasu some guns, and sent two guards to protect Nasu's safety, and gave instructions on the work of Wushen Banner.Nasu returned to Niaoshen Banner and contacted Qi Jinshan and Qi Guoxian according to Gao Gang's instructions. He was active in Henan, Jingbian, and Wushen Banner to expand the propaganda of the Communist Party. In the spring of 1938, according to the instructions of the Party Committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, he led his troops to defect to the Cavalry Independent Brigade (later changed to the New Third Division) of Ulanfu Baihaifeng as the battalion commander, and carried out revolutionary activities with Baihaifeng, Wulanfu, Ji Zhenfu and others.Later, under the instigation of the reactionary prince Qi Yushan's rumors, the army became suspicious of Na Su and prepared to deal with it.Our party sent Xiangru (that is, Zhang Bingyi) to send a letter to Na Su, asking him to be vigilant and return to the liberated area if he fails. At the beginning of 1940, Na Su led his troops (nearly 300 people) back to the liberated areas.Na Su pulled the troops away, and Fu Zuoyi severely reprimanded Bai Haifeng.Bai Haifeng urgently sent his counselor Yang Kaishan to Wushen Banner and the Henan camp to lobby.Na Sujing asked Gao Gang and Cao Dongzhi for instructions, and agreed that he would go back and use the public number to get supplies from the Kuomintang. In the spring of 1941, the Kuomintang launched an anti-communist upsurge. Na Su led some troops back to the liberated area and went to Yan'an. The leaders of the Yan'an party, government and army Mao Zedong, Zhu De and Gao Gang warmly welcomed Na Su's return and held a grand welcome meeting. Zhu De and Gao Gang attended the meeting Welcome speech. Nasu went to Yan'an to send Gao Gang two horses. When Gao Gang resigned, Nasu said: "What are two horses? The Communist Party and the Eighth Route Army have given us Mongolians so many benefits. Can two horses be able to repay them? " After Nasu arrived in Yan'an, he was elected as a senator of the Border Region Senate, a member of the Border Region Government, the vice president of the Mongolian Culture Promotion Association, the vice president of the Institute of Nationalities and a professor of Meng Wen of the Institute of Minzu, and participated in the leadership of the Ethnic Affairs Committee of the Border Region Government.The Border Region Party won a large number of middle and upper-class people of the Mongolian nationality to defect to the united anti-Japanese front through the contact of Nasu.From Nasu to Yan'an, there was an upsurge in Suimeng to follow Nasu to Yan'an. Middle-aged and elderly people in their tens of years, as young as teenage children, met to leave home to Yan'an to seek the revolutionary truth and fight for the Mongolian people. Fight against Japan together, seek liberation together, and make outstanding contributions. In the autumn of 1942, Na Su's close friend Qi Guoxian was trapped and killed by Chen Changjie. On behalf of the Border Region Government and the Ethnic Affairs Committee, Na Su lodged a strong protest to the Kuomintang.At Qi Guoxian's memorial service, he denounced the KMT's crimes and called on the Mongolian people to be vigilant, unite around the Communist Party, and fight the reactionaries to the end. In the spring of 1943, the Kuomintang created the "March 26" incident of the Iraqi League. Na Su was filled with righteous indignation. He went to the Kuomintang Liaison Office in Yan'an to protest. Around June, the Kuomintang withdrew the river defense troops stationed in defense of the Japanese army and attacked the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region.Nasu was heartbroken, ran around, gave speeches, and called on people of all ethnic groups in the border areas to unite and fight together to defend the Party Central Committee and the border areas. On July 13, Na Su passed away in Yan'an Hospital. During Nasu's hospitalization, Gao Gang visited the hospital many times to comfort her, and ordered the doctor to treat her carefully.Nasu shed tears and said to Gao Gang: "I do too little work, and God won't let me do any more. You are an old friend of the Mongolian people, and you will guide the complete liberation of the Mongolian people...".When he was critically ill, he asked the doctor to call Gao Gang.Gao Gang was in a meeting and rushed to the hospital, where Na Su's heart had stopped beating. On August 8, representatives of the party, government, military and civilian organizations in Yan'an and more than 1,000 people from the Mongolian, Hui and Yi ethnic groups held a memorial service to commemorate the "Mongolian revolutionary leader" (Jiefang Daily's language) Nasu. The General Office of the Central Secretariat, the Northwest Bureau of the Central Committee, Zhu De, Gao Gang, Lin Boqu, etc. all attended the meeting to deliver mournful speeches.Gao Gang delivered a speech at the memorial service.We call on our Mongolian compatriots to follow the path of Nasu's life! "The Communist Party and the people of the border region are willing to unite with the Mongolian people to fight to the end! Strive for the liberation of the Mongolian and Han nationalities! To commemorate Mr. Nasu by liberating the Mongolian nation and the Chinese nation!" In order to commemorate Mr. Nasu, the border region government according to Gao Gang's opinion , The Nasu Memorial Hall was established, the farm founded by the Nasu committee member was changed to "Nasu Farm", and the "Nasu Memorial Book" was compiled and printed. Qi Jinshan once worked with Qi Guoxian, Nasu and other Mongolian cadres to carry out campaigns and united front work for Mongolian upper-class figures, worked in the Mongolian army for a long time, and maintained contact with the Chinese Communist Party.After Qi Jinshan was killed by the Kuomintang reactionaries in 1945, Gao Gang called Zhao Tongru to verify the news, and he wanted to publish a mourning article in the "Liberation Daily", carry out mourning activities, print and distribute commemorative albums, and hold photo exhibitions in the Trilateral area.Gao Gang also said in the telegram to Wang Shitai and Gao Feng: "Qi Jinshan (killed) shows that this is another conspiracy ordered by the Kuomintang to murder the Mongols. We want to avenge Qi and arouse the infinite hatred of the Mongols towards the Kuomintang." According to Gao Gang's instructions, Zhao Tongru conducted a serious investigation into the cause of death of Qijinshan (that is, Hano Mera) and approved the report to the border area.The report stated: "The head of Qi Jinshan, a member of the Wushen Banner, was instigated and killed by the KMT's Han chauvinists at midnight on February 16. The banner officials, soldiers, and people were very angry and sad about this. On March 21st of the calendar (May 2nd of the Gregorian calendar), a grand memorial service was held in the Dashibian Temple. The head of Chaqi Jinshan was an upright person all his life, treated people fairly, was full of justice, loved the people like a son, and valued our border region Neighbors, for this reason, I propose that we ask the border region government to send officials to offer condolences at that time, so as to comfort the loyal soul and make friends, can you please let us know what to do." 1945年5月4日，在延安成吉思汗纪念堂举行奇金山追悼会。奇金山是台吉(贵族)出身，曾和我军保持暗地联系，他是一个坚决反内战，赞助抗日团结的英勇战士，深得蒙汉人民拥戴，“成为蒙古民族的一个人民领袖。”悼词最后说：“他的死不但是西乌审旗人民的损失，并且使抗战反攻损失了有力的支柱。” 高岗在少数民族地区开展统战工作，确费尽了心血。不仅争取团结少数民族共同抗战，还通过祭奠死者，唤醒了大批“睡觉”的蒙回民众。冀中回民支队领导马本斋，为了反抗国民党和日军，早在1937年就组织武装力量。1938年，经中共冀中省委书记鲁贲和军区司令员吕正操等做工作，马本斋成为中共党在冀中地区抗击日军的一支重要力量，和日军作战百余次，转战华北大地。1944年，调马本斋部回延安休整，他正身患病未能随部队回延安而病故，延安为他举行隆重的追悼会，高岗出席会议，中央和边区有关领导出席追悼会并送挽联：“马本斋同志不死”、“壮志难移汉回各族模范，大节不死母子两代英雄”，“民族英雄，吾党战士”等。高岗委托贾拓夫代表西北局在会上讲话，他指出本斋同志是回回民族的旗帜，是代表着回回民族和中华民族解放的正确道路。回族代表在会上讲话说：“坚决打倒日军，团结全国各民族共同争取解放。”“坚信毛主席是我们的救星，各抗日根据地是回民解放的靠山。” 西北地区是蒙回两大民族聚居地区，还有藏、满、彝等少数民族，这就使中共的民族政策显得极为重要。高岗在党中央、毛泽东主席的领导下，抗战时期和解放战争时期，为动员、团结各民族抗日救国，打倒蒋介石，解放各族人民，制定一系列政策性文件，并长期在民族地区学习贯彻。早在1936年，他在蒙古工委代中央主持起草了中共中央《关于内蒙工作的指示信》。指示信中揭露了日本帝国主义策划在内蒙搞所谓“独立政府”的阴谋鬼计，妄图“变整个内蒙为日本殖民地，以求再并吞全中国与进攻苏联。”指示信为蒙古族提高警惕并指明了解放道路和方向。1937年夏，少数民族委员会《关于目前绥蒙形势与我们的任务和工作》中，全面分析了绥蒙地区形势，提出具体工作任务和方针政策及策略口号，“动员绥蒙地区人民抗日救国、抗日保蒙”，使绥蒙地区抗日的上层人士和群众更进一步明确了任务和策略。1938年1月3日，三边特委召开蒙古工作座谈会，高岗在会上发表了重要讲话，对内蒙抗日形势进行分析，就工作策略和统一战线进行详细阐述，提出要注意保护积聚力量，不宜过早暴露力量。在后套、五原发展蒙汉抗日游击战争，培养内蒙干部，待机而动。并获得会议一致赞同，最后做出《关于开展内蒙抗日工作结论》。同年11月22日，高岗参加中央书记处会议讨论做出《关于绥蒙工作的决定》，对绥蒙地区的任务、统一战线策略、在蒙人中的工作、友军工作、汉人群众中的工作、伪军伪组织中的工作和部队的行动与扩大中共党的组织等8个问题，分别作出了全面、具体要求。同时决定成立绥远省委，任命白如冰为省委书记，武新宇、刘道生、李井泉、赵通儒、于占彪为委员；蒙古工作统归高岗负责，由中央军委领导。 高岗要求白如冰为首的省委着力根据地创建和争取上层人士工作。1939年春，边区党委召开伊盟工作座谈会，高岗主持了会议并产生了《纪要》。接着，高岗签发了区党委《关于绥蒙工作给赵通儒的指示信》和《关于蒙汉团结建立游击根据地的指示》。指示中对蒙汉团结抗日，建立武装、培养调配干部及经费等工作作了具体指示。指出：“目前的方针仍是积蓄力量，加强蒙汉民族团结，反对日寇、汉奸及顽固分子的挑拨离间。从政治上巩固蒙汉已有武装部队及建立新的武装力量。并认真的培养一些为蒙汉所拥戴的蒙人干部等都是很重要的。”指示说：“绥蒙工作要埋头苦干，任何大吹大擂的工作方式，只是暴露力量，引起顽固分子对我们的摩擦，这是有害的，望特别注意。”随后，高岗亲自主持并签发了《关于对伊盟党的建设和统战、干部工作的指示》。针对伊盟工作中存在的问题，强调指出，在敌人加紧进攻西北的形势下，伊盟工作无论在现在或将来，均占着很重要的战略意义。过去的工作成绩是极不够的，尤其是蒙民中的工作，还是很薄弱的。领导同志中某些不融洽不团结现象，必须立即纠正。只有党的布尔什维克的一致与同志间紧密亲爱的团结，才能克服一切困难，开展今后的工作获得更大进步。指示还指出：必须想尽办法打入伪军中工作，这是保卫伊盟准备反攻，争取最后胜利的重要工作之一，望万勿忽视。要加强党员教育和干部的团结，没有党的团结一致，工作是不能做好的。 同年，还发出《中共陕甘宁边区党委会关于回民工作的指示》。强调指出，团结、教育回民抗日，发动全体回民反对顽固分子挑拨离间，破坏回汉民关系和哥老会的关系。要求对回民工作应有极大耐心，以说服教育为主，不要因为回民一时的落后而发生工作方式上的强迫命令。 边区先后对回民地区革命工作做出具体要求和部署。高岗要求“在保卫西北和创造西北革命根据地的斗争中，争取回民是我们中心工作之一”，“开展回民抗日运动，使之成为保卫西北的一支重要力量。”号召“发扬回教反侵略精神”，“团结回汉两族共同抗日”。 为了尊重回民风俗习惯，利于发动回族与汉族共同抗日，在延安、定边、盐池、曲子、正宁、庙儿沟、三岔等地，政府赠资建立9个清真寺，定边还建了回民街，从宁夏移来很多回民，种田、开店、做生意，搞得红火热闹，生活大大改善。他们说：“回民来到边区生活幸福了，共产党真是少数民族的救星。”劳动英雄马忠标(回民)说：“边区人民过着丰衣足食幸福快乐的日子，但在我老家人民没饭吃，还要抓兵派款，逼的人过不成日子。” 1940年白如冰回延安汇报大青山根据地工作，高岗讲话指出争取蒙回族上层人士的工作，还对伊盟工委充实了力量。以伊盟、后套、大青山为中心根据地，开辟革命活动，创建和巩固根据地。以上指示和决定对绥蒙根据地的创造和巩固，积蓄力量、打击日伪、准备反攻以及后来的解放战争，都产生了重大历史意义，在绥蒙历史上占着重要地位。 1945年春，在抗战胜利前，西北局就伊盟工作召开座谈会，并产生《纪要》，进一步指出伊盟是对日反攻中有重要战略意义的地区，要巩固统一战线，“积蓄力量，准备反攻”。《纪要》对团结蒙人进行艰苦的地下工作，和顽固派斗争的策略上，作出具体要求。 毛泽东主席在“七大”政治报告《论联合政府》中，对边区在少数民族地区工作给予肯定。他说：“多年以来，陕甘宁边区……对待蒙回两个民族的态度是正确的，其工作是有成绩的。”共产国际(后为苏联)驻延安观察组孙平在《延安日记》中说：特区的几个省里，各个不同民族和宗教集团，长期发生激烈战争。少数民族互相之间、少数民族和汉族之间，经常发生残酷的斗争。中央到陕北后，“党派高岗解决特区复杂的民族问题。高岗经验丰富，透澈了解各种民族集团的民族问题和宗教集团问题以及他们的关系。1935年后，他几乎使特区几个省的民族和宗教集团停止了相互残杀，这是他对中国共产党的伟大贡献。” 高岗在抗战和解放战争期间，在少数民族地区正确地贯彻执行中央的路线，为少数民族地区统一战线的方针、政策、策略的制定并实施，作了大量理论研究和具体实践，付出了大量心血，并获得蒙回族人民的拥护，为中央制定少数民族地区政策提供了实践依据。 陕甘宁边区，北靠绥蒙，西挨宁夏、甘肃，能否贯彻中央的方针、政策，做好蒙、回等少数民族和汉族团结抗战工作，是关系到边区能否巩固和发展，有着战略意义的重大问题。高岗根据中央的指导方针，把民族问题作为边区革命总任务的重要组成部分，他主持制定的“施政纲领”中，对少数民族问题以法律形式作出具体规定，实行汉族和少数民族一律平等的政策，使汉、蒙、回民族和彝、满族的团结，取得成功的经验。 高岗在西北乃至东北政权建设中，一贯重视少数民族工作方针、政策的制定和落实。1948年8月，高岗在哈尔滨召开的内蒙干部会议上讲话，全面阐述了少数民族地区特别是蒙古地区解放道路和党的民族政策；内蒙工作现状；内蒙党当前的政策；加强蒙汉干部团结；会后要办好几件事。讲话充分体现了少数民族特点，保障了少数民族的权益，调动了他们当家作主，建设祖国的积极性。1949年初，米高杨和毛泽东会谈时提到中国民族问题，毛泽东说，目前是防止和反对大汉族主义，也要反对地方民族主义，这两者是妨碍和破坏民族团结、共同发展的祸根。他还说，我军向前发展，很快就要进入少数民族聚居的地区了。因此，关于民族问题将会在最近制定出一套相应的方针、政策。中央将高岗在内蒙古干部会上的讲话印发有关地区。建国后中央政策研究室编印《政策文件汇编》把高岗讲话作为一个单元，印发全国学习贯彻执行，在少数民族地区作为较长期的政策文件贯彻执行，受到少数民族的欢迎，对于加强少数民族地区党政军工作，实行民族平等，团结和发展经济、文化发挥重大作用。