Chapter 17 Chapter 17 General Tan Zheng on the Long March

Mid-October 1934.The headquarters of the Red 1st Division in a village near Ruijin in the southeast of Xingguo. The rippling Mian Shui River, glowing with silver light, silently bypasses Ruijin City under the white moonlight in late autumn.Tan Zheng, who finished writing the "Report on the Political Work of the Battle North of Gaoxingwei" under the oil lamp, stretched his tired body, walked to the window, and stared at the moonlit east for a long time.In the distance, from time to time, the sound of rumbling cannons and rattling gunshots that I have been used to hearing can be heard from time to time.

Tan Zheng fell into deep thought.What he thought about was no longer a defensive battle to defend the periphery of Xingguo, but how to persuade the Red 1st Division troops to withdraw from the Soviet area and implement a major strategic shift-the Long March.Tomorrow, the commanders and fighters of the Red 1st Division will leave the Central Red Base and bid farewell to their blood-related fathers and fellow villagers. How difficult is the ideological and political work at this time! It turned out that just as the commanders and fighters of the Red 1st Division were sticking to the Gaoxingwei and Shiziling defense lines, preventing the enemy from advancing half a step, and the battle was in full swing, Lin Biao, the commander of the Red 1st Army, suddenly came to the headquarters of the Red 1st Division.He briefly understood the battle situation, and then said to the division leader Li Jukui and others: "You go back and set up immediately, and hand over the position to the 13th Division of the 5th Army. You withdraw and bring the team to the southeast of Xingguo to assemble. After a short pause, he said in a low voice and mysteriously, "There may be a major military operation." "If there is any action, we will talk about it later."

The "big military action" mentioned by Lin Biao here is the upcoming Long March.what!The Red 1st Division withdrew to fight north of Gaoxingxu, originally to prepare for the Long March.However, the Long March was an absolutely confidential military operation at the time. On October 15, as soon as the Red 1st Division had assembled, the Legion Command sent confidential staff to deliver the top-secret letters written by Lin Biao and Nie Rongzhen to the division commanders and political commissars, as well as the Central Military Commission's order on the withdrawal of the main force of the Red Army from the Central Soviet Area.The letter designated the 1st Red Division (attached to the 1st Red Army Supply Department and Health Department) as the right wing team of the 1st Red Army, and marched towards Xintian and Gupi in Xinfeng County on October 16 (the next day).On the same day, the superior added hundreds of new soldiers, a batch of bullets and 500 yuan to the Red 1st Division.The Long March of the Red 1st Division started here.

In the past, when troops were transferred, as long as conditions allowed, the head of the legion always held a meeting to explain the situation and assign tasks face-to-face.Even if the situation is urgent and it is not convenient to hold a meeting, you should make a direct call to the cadre in charge of the division.However, this time the troop transfer was uncharacteristically, and the Legion Command only informed the Red 1st Division to advance in the direction specified by the marching route.Moreover, the place to be reached every day is a day-by-day notification, that is, the first day specifies the place to be reached on the second day, and the second day specifies the place to be reached on the third day.As for why the main force of the Red Army should be transferred?Where to go?It is unknown.In fact, because the central "Left" adventurist leaders at that time emphasized secrecy, not only the leaders at the division level were kept in the dark, but even the leaders at the corps level did not understand the full intention of this transfer.

This has brought a lot of confusion and troubles to Tan Zheng, director of the political department of the division who specializes in ideological and political work. In the past few years of life and death in the Soviet area, the army and the people have formed a close bond of flesh and blood.Now, if you want to leave inexplicably, what will be the situation of the people in the Soviet area after you leave?How to do the ideological work of the soldiers, how to persuade the fathers and fellow villagers who love each other like the sea? Yes, how could one have the heart to discard this piece of land bought with blood?How can we part with these industrious, brave and kind people?How can we let those ferocious enemies in, restore the landlords and bullies, and allow them to ravage and slaughter our people?Thinking of this, Tan Zheng burst into tears.

The soldiers will not agree to the withdrawal of the Red 1st Division, and neither will the masses.But the order of the Red 1st Army has been issued, and it has to be carried out!Now the key is to do the work of the troops. The meeting of cadres above the battalion level was about to begin. Tan Zheng wiped the tears from his face, calmed down his excitement, and walked into the venue. However, the atmosphere at the venue surprised Tan Zheng.All of them lowered their heads and looked sad, as if there was an indescribable grievance. Seeing this situation, Tan Zheng thought to himself: "The cadres above the battalion level are all so motivated. How will the soldiers' emotions be? How can the troops in this state of mind defeat the enemy?"

Tan Zheng subconsciously reversed his sad mood and raised his voice, "Comrades, raise your heads!" The empty venue was silent, and everyone still bowed their heads. Tan Zheng shouted angrily again: "What's going on! Are you all beaten?" Suddenly, Battalion Commander Liu Desheng broke the silence and spoke first: "Director Tan, please allow me to ask a question first." "Tell me!" Tan Zheng replied after his anger subsided a little. Battalion Commander Liu said: "I don't understand why the enemy is attacking the Soviet area so fiercely. The order received by our Red 1st Division is not to go to the front to attack the invading enemy, but what is 'ready to go'?"

Immediately afterwards, several cadres also expressed similar opinions as Battalion Commander Liu and asked Director Tan to answer. As soon as Tan Zheng saw that the meeting place became active, he began his speech in a timely manner: "I also ask everyone a question, should we preserve the revolutionary fire of the Red Army? Eat a single seed in one gulp? Make our heads all move?" Hey!After Tan Zheng asked such a question, the atmosphere in the venue immediately calmed down. Originally, all the people present at the venue were the leading backbones above the battalion level of the Red 1st Division, and they were all high-level mid-to-high-level commanders with rich experience in commanding troops.They have long had opinions on the tactics of this anti-"encirclement and suppression" positional warfare, but the orders of their superiors cannot be violated, so they had to bite the bullet and implement them.They also have their own views on the current battle situation. The enemy has more soldiers, more guns, and more ammunition, while we have fewer soldiers, fewer guns, and less ammunition.The enemy fought every step of the way, blocked and tightened the encirclement. If the Red Army did not jump out of the enemy's encirclement, its end would be a dead end, and the fire of revolution could only be extinguished at this point.

This fact and reason are obvious.Therefore, once Tan Zheng clarified the key issues, there was no need to talk about a lot of great truths, and everyone had a clear understanding. At the meeting place, the heads of the cadres were lifted up, and their spirits were cheered up, and the worries and complaints disappeared without a trace in an instant.what!There are so many good cadres who understand reason, take into account the overall situation, and understand the general situation. Why worry about being unable to do the work of soldiers? A smile appeared on Tan Zheng's serious face. He began to assign work to the cadres attending the meeting: "Comrades, after the meeting is over, everyone will separately check the preparations for the departure of the troops. No, comrades, we are not only preparing to 'go', but also to prepare for 'fighting'! This is The most important thing! You must know that our enemy is not steel or stone, but it is not a piece of tofu. Once we break through the enemy's encirclement, they will organize forces to chase after us. Therefore, our combat operations must not only be agile , but also shuttle like an arrow, defeating the enemy's siege and interception!"

After the meeting, the cadres went deep into the army and went to do the ideological work of the soldiers separately. At dawn the next day, loud bugles resounded through the mountains and plains of Xingguo.The troops of the Red 1st Division are gathering urgently and are ready to go.The people in the Soviet area had already stood at the entrance of the village to send off the soldiers who were about to leave. Originally, when the Red 1st Division decided to withdraw from the Soviet area, not only was it too late to hold a farewell meeting for the local residents, but some cadres even had no time to inform their family members who were working in the local area.This was not only because of the rush of time, but also because no one thought at the time that the Red Army would take so long and so far away from the Central Soviet Area this time.However, based on years of struggle experience, the people in the Soviet area still felt from the actions of the 1st Red Division that the transfer of the 1st Red Division was not an ordinary battle transfer.Therefore, after they heard the news, they rushed from all directions to see off the Red 1st Division at the entrance of the village and by the roadside.

While following the team, the villagers put eggs and glutinous rice balls into the pockets of the soldiers.Some took the soldier's hand and asked: "When will you come back?" Some couldn't stop crying.For a while, the team became a flow of soldiers and civilians. The commanders and fighters of the Red 1st Division also felt extremely heavy. Everyone was worried about the safety of the people after the Red Army left the Central Soviet Area. In order to check the discipline of the troops, do a good job in compensating the masses, and properly explain to the masses the withdrawal of the 1st Red Division from the Soviet area, Tan Zheng and several cadres stayed behind and finally left the village.The troops had already marched far away, and the crowd had not yet dispersed. They still wanted to send Tan Zheng and others off the village, and watched the relatives of the Red 1st Division go away. After a while, Tan Zheng led several cadres out of the village.Everyone immediately gathered around and told Tan Zheng again and again: "In the future, you must come back to defeat Chiang Kai-shek!" Tan Zheng replied excitedly with tears in his eyes: "We will definitely come back!" The glow of the east has quietly dissipated.The flaming sun is slowly rising.Tan Zheng and others led the Red 1st Division, a team made of steel, to embark on a new battle journey-the Long March, stepping on the morning dew of the golden autumn in the southern country. Late at night on October 21, 1934.Jiangxi Xinfeng Xintian. The flames were everywhere, and the shouts of killing shook the sky.The Red 1st Regiment and the Red 2nd Regiment of the Red 1st Division cooperated in combat and launched a surprise attack on the enemy's stronghold in Xintian. Xintian was the first target to attack the enemy by the order of the head of the Red 1st Army after the Long March of the Red 1st Division started.It is located at the edge and key part of the enemy's first blockade line. The enemy is a regiment of the KMT's Guangdong Chen Jitang army. The enemy built many bunkers here to prevent the Central Red Army from crossing Guangdong and moving to Xiangxi. Although our party had had secret talks with Chen Jitang, Chen had promised to "give way" appropriately.But the enemy's words cannot be trusted, let alone lose combat effectiveness and delay the opportunity to fight because of the enemy's credulity.In this way, for the enemy in the Xintian stronghold, we still have to fight based on it.Based on the above considerations, Li Jukui, commander of the 1st Red Division, Lai Chuanzhu, acting political commissar, and Tan Zheng, director of the Political Department, deployed specific measures for military action plans and political work: The Red 1 Regiment, headed by Yang Dezhi, was the front echelon, and adopted the tactics of long-distance raids, and made a sudden attack at night to catch the enemy by surprise; There should be no hesitation in capturing the Xintian stronghold.The work of political propaganda and agitation must also closely cooperate with military operations, set up propaganda stations, propaganda and agitation sheds, etc., and do a good job in the political work of the troops and the masses along the way. With an order, the combat operations of the troops began. The troops marched from the north side of the Soviet area to the south end of the Soviet area, and had to pass through the entire Soviet area, and the journey took many days.Along the way, with great fanfare and vigor, the aspirations of the people in the Soviet area were greatly enhanced. Tan Zheng first convened a meeting of political cadres above the party branch of the company to assign political tasks when the troops marched in. At the same time, he sent a political work team to set up propaganda and agitation sheds along the way, using various forms such as speeches, singing, slogans, and costume performances to vigorously publicize. to boost morale.Afterwards, Tan Zheng discussed with the local Soviet governments at all levels, sent military cadres to participate in the work of the local propaganda stations, mobilized and guided the masses along the way to cooperate with the activities of the army's propaganda stations. When the troops of the Red 1st Division passed through Xingguo, tens of thousands of people from all walks of life in Xingguo City came out of the city to see them off warmly under the propaganda and instigation of the propaganda team of the Division's Political Department. You see, the red flags are waving on the roadsides beside the city, and there are crowds of people, which is very lively. Listen, the sound of singing, cheers, speeches, gongs and drums, and firecrackers is deafening. During the march of the Red 1st Division, every few miles, there were welcome crowds waiting by the village, sending food, drink and various comfort items. The bright political flowers have forged fruitful military fruits.Under the various forms of propaganda, agitation, and encouragement mentioned above, the soldiers of the Red 1st Division were full of energy and high morale, and were working day and night, preparing to take down the enemy's Xintian stronghold. Another military purpose of the Red 1 Division's march and propaganda in the Soviet area was to create the illusion of "defending the Soviet area" instead of breaking through, so that the enemies of Xintian would relax their vigilance, so as to achieve the purpose of surprise attacking Xintian. The march of the Red 1st Division outside the Soviet area was very covert. After two days of rapid march, the Red 1st Division secretly assembled in a small village near Xintian. In the late autumn of southern Jiangxi, the vast and endless pastoral scenery.The Red 1st Division lurks in this small village, with a peaceful scene on the surface. In the village, the commanders and fighters of the Red 1st Division are busy nervously.Piles of dry firewood waiting to be lit at night have been prepared, and the "Zhuge Liang Meeting" of each company, platoon, and squad is being held in groups of three or five.They are anxiously waiting for the night to fall... The battle has finally begun. Amidst the flames and the sound of killing, Yang Dezhi led the soldiers of the Red 1st Regiment to rush and beat the enemies in the Xintian stronghold.The enemy mistakenly believed that the Red Army was "broke and defeated" after it withdrew from the Soviet area. As a result, when it encountered the heroic Red 1 regiment, it was like rusted iron meeting a sharp steel, and it suddenly fell into chaos.After less than 3 hours of fighting, the red flag was planted in the Xintian stronghold. The Red 1st Division's night attack on Xintian was successful.At the same time, the 6th Regiment of the Red 2nd Division captured the Golden Rooster.Subsequently, the Red 1st Division captured Banshiwei again, chasing and annihilating the enemy to rest.So far, the first blockade line boasted by the enemy as the "steel blockade line" was destroyed by the Red 1st Division of our Red 1st Army Corps. In order to sum up the successful experience of the Red 1 Division's night attack on Xintian political work, Tan Zheng wrote a summary report "Xintian Night Combat Political Work" in addition to intense combat, which laid a solid foundation for the establishment and development of our army's early political work , made an important contribution. November 25, 1934.On the west bank of Xiaoshui River in Dao County, Hunan Province. The north wind in early winter, mixed with the cold air of Xiaoshui, hits the west bank of Xiaoshui in bursts.The commanders and fighters of the Red 1st Division of the Red 1st Army Corps and the Red 6th Division of the Red 3rd Army Corps on the shore were fighting in full swing to stop the enemy. The enemy's ferries rushing towards the west bank one after another were sunk one by one by our army.Batch after batch of enemy troops trying to swim across the river were wiped out by our army one by one.Xiaoshui became an insurmountable obstacle for the enemy, and the enemy could only look at the river and sigh, unable to move forward. After the Red 1st Division broke through the enemy's first blockade line on October 25, on November 8, the First Army broke through the enemy's second blockade line near the city entrance of Beirenhua in Guangdong. On November 14, after breaking through the enemy's third blockade line in Nanyizhang, Hunan, they continued to advance towards Jiahe and Lanshan.Crossing Jiahe and Lanshan, there are two big rivers blocking the way in front of the Red 1st Division: one is Xiaoshui and the other is Xiangjiang.The distance between the two rivers is more than a hundred miles. At this time, the divisions of Xue Yue and Zhou Hunyuan, Jiang's direct lineage, had already caught up. The troops of Hunan He Jian, Guangxi Li Zongren, and Bai Chongxi also swooped in from both sides to stop our army. It turned out that when the main force of our army broke through the enemy's third blockade line, Chiang Kai-shek was very shocked and immediately went to the Nanchang camp to deploy the fourth blockade line. On November 12, Chiang Kai-shek ordered He Jian to be the commander-in-chief of the pursuit and suppression army, and Xue Yue and Zhou Hunyuan's troops from North Road Renxiang were under his command, and led various troops and teams in Hunan to pursue and suppress the Red Army. Chiang Kai-shek's plan is: the first step is to intercept our army in the area east of Xiaoshui, and wipe out our army between Dao County and Tiantangwei; The "central" army stopped our army in the area east of the Xiangjiang River and wiped out our army on the shore of the Xiangjiang River.The two-step plan constitutes the fourth blockade line where the enemy's soldiers are gathered and deployed tightly. Chiang Kai-shek was also afraid that the Red Army would break through the fourth blockade, cross the Xiangjiang River, go deep into western Hunan to join the 2nd and 6th Red Army, or enter Sichuan from Guizhou to join the Fourth Red Army.Therefore, he drew up a third-step plan to eliminate the Red Army in the area west of the Xiangjiang River.In order to realize this plan, Chiang Kai-shek urgently sent Guangxi warlords Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi, asking them to do their best to intercept the Red Army.The Guangxi warlords immediately transferred all their two armies to northern Guangxi to prevent blockade. At the same time, after Hunan warlord He Jian took office as the commander-in-chief of "pursuing and suppressing", he ordered the mobilization of 15 divisions on November 13 to pursue and intercept our army in 5 routes: the first route, with 4 troops from Hunan Army Liu Jianxu The division was urgently transferred from Chenxian County to Huangshahe and Quanzhou in Guangxi; the second route was to advance from Chaling and Hengyang to Lingling with the four divisions of Chiang Kai-shek's direct descendant Xue Yue.The main task of these two roads is to prevent our army from going to Xiangxi.The task of chasing our army was the 4 divisions of Zhou Hunyuan's Department of Chiang Kai-shek's direct descendant of the Third Route, and the two divisions of Li Yunjie of the Fourth Hunan Army.And a division of Li Yunheng of the Fifth Hunan Army followed up in the south of our army to cooperate with the Guangdong Army and the Guangxi Army to encircle our army. At the critical moment when Xue, Zhou, Li, and Bai were preparing to jointly attack the Red Army on the shore of Xiaoshui, it became the top priority of our army to occupy Daoxian County, the big crossing of Xiaoshui, and to delay the pursuit of the enemy. At this time, the head of the Red 1st Corps handed over the task of seizing Dao County to the Red 2nd Division, and the task of delaying, blocking and chasing the enemy to the Red 1st Division. On November 22, under the command of regiment leader Geng Biao and political commissar Yang Chengwu, the 4th Regiment of the Red 2nd Division made a long-distance raid on Dao County on the west bank of Xiaoshui River at a speed of more than a hundred li a day, and succeeded. After the commanders and fighters of the 1st Red Division arrived at the west bank of Xiaoshui, they immediately deployed their teams to block the enemy Zhou Hunyuan's troops from the front of Chang 40 li. On November 25, after the central column crossed the Xiaoshui River, the 1st and 3rd regiments of the Red 1st Division and the Red 6th Division of the Red 3rd Army joined forces to block the enemy on the west bank of the Xiaoshui River. At this time, Tan Zheng, the director of the political department of the division, led several cadres of the political department of the division to shuttle back and forth on the 40-mile-long frontal front, nervously carrying out ideological mobilization and boosting morale: never let the enemy go ashore, and resolutely wipe out the enemy in Xiaoshui in the river. The cold air of early winter was threatening, but the commanders and fighters of the Red 1st Division who stood firm on the west bank of Xiaoshui fought in full swing. Xiaoshui Taotao, torrent rolling.Under the cover of firepower, the enemy crossed the river by boat.Our army, waiting in full battle, took Xiaoshui as a natural barrier, and fired violently at the enemy with machine guns, rifles, and small cannons! The enemy ship was shot and sank, and the corpse floated halfway across the river.The enemy organized a new attack, the first time, the second time, the third time... every time they were defeated. The enemy's ferry was sunk, and organized to swim across the river. The commanders and fighters of the Red 1st Division could not let the enemy's conspiracy succeed. They waited furiously for the enemy to approach the west bank. The enemy is getting closer, getting closer, getting closer... "Fight!" With an order, machine guns, rifles, and small cannons fired fiercely at the enemy again. The bullets of hatred were shot into the enemy's chest, and grenades exploded on the surface of the river. The enemies swimming across the river were killed one after another Killed in Xiaoshui.The turbulent Xiaoshui, which is constantly galloping and full of blue waves, suddenly becomes the abyss of burial for all evil enemies.The Red 1st Division and other departments won the blocking battle on the west bank of Xiaoshui. The battle to stop the enemy lasted for 3 days and nights. The commanders and fighters of the Red 1st Division spent all their time in the flames of war, and hardly had a meal. In the fierce battle, our army also paid a heavy price, but their fighting spirit became stronger and stronger as they fought, and epic heroes and heroic deeds emerged one after another. Members of the Communist Party and the Communist Youth League took the lead in fighting the enemy. Many soldiers were wounded and could not leave the front line, and many commanders and fighters heroically sacrificed their lives in the battle.Once, a small group of enemies landed close to the front position of the Red 1st Division. The heroic soldiers of our army jumped out of the trenches and started hand-to-hand combat with the enemy, wiping out all the enemies at the front of the position. On November 28, the Red 1st Division and other units successfully completed the blocking mission. They set out at night and traveled day and night to catch up with the main force of the Red Army and participated in the Xiangjiang Battle that broke through the enemy's fourth blockade. Tan Zheng and the soldiers of the Red 1st Division fought bloody battles together to resist the enemy's "pursuit and suppression".The blocking battle of the Red 1st Division on the west bank of the Xiaoshui River, all the heroic deeds that can be sung and tears, Tan Zheng saw it in his eyes and kept it in his heart, and wrote it in the "Report on the Political Work of the Red 1st Division" reported to Nie Rongzhen, the political commissar of the Red 1st Army Corps.At the same time, he wrote a report on the battlefield and published it in the "Red Star News" edited by Deng Xiaoping. Late January 1935.The gathering place of the 1st division of Yuanhouchanghong near Tucheng, Zunyi, Guizhou. The cold wind of midwinter, carrying the cold air of Chishui River, blew towards the commanders and fighters of the Red 1st Division who were on standby to cross the river.A short and majestic chief is conveying the spirit of the Zunyi Conference to all the commanders and fighters of the Red 1st Division.He is Tan Zheng, Director of the Political Department of the Red 1st Division. Not long ago, Tan Zheng met Mao Zedong, whom he had missed for a long time, in a small house near the ferry with his teacher Li Jukui and political commissar Huang Yan. This was the third time they met Mao Zedong during the Long March.The first time was around November 3, 1934, in the Jiufeng Mountain area in northern Guangdong, a regiment of the Red 1st Division covered the central column where Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, etc. were located, and crossed the enemy's third blockade line through the Guangdong-Han line.The second time was on December 19, 1934 (after the Liping Conference) on the way to Jianhe, Guizhou. These three meetings were in three different periods in the history of the Long March.During the three meetings, Mao Zedong showed three different emotions due to his different identities.For the first time, the central leaders at that time reluctantly agreed to his transfer with the army to participate in the Long March.At the critical moment after breaking through the enemy's fourth blockade line, at the Hunan channel meeting, he participated in decision-making with a strong sense of responsibility as a Communist Party member, but his words revealed unspeakable secrets.The second time, although his leadership was not restored, he was particularly optimistic because his views had been adopted.This third time, people feel that in his kind and humorous conversation, there is a sense of hardship of shouldering a heavy responsibility. As soon as Mao Zedong saw Tan Zheng and the three commanders of the Red 1st Division, he immediately warmly greeted them to sit down. Tan Zheng saw his old superior who he followed for many years again, and his excitement was beyond words. At the beginning of the conversation, Mao Zedong first introduced to them the situation of the Zunyi meeting, how the meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee solved the leadership problem of the Military Commission, and especially mentioned the important role played by Zhou Enlai in the meeting. Then, Mao Zedong talked about the strategic and tactical issues of flexibility.He spoke highly of the achievements of the Red 1st Division during the Long March.He said happily: "Your Red 1st Division was flanked by the enemy several times during the Long March, and you handled it well by adapting to the situation. You avoided the enemy's edge and acted decisively according to the intention of the Military Commission. This is the correct implementation of the Military Commission's plan." Command, there will be many such situations in the future, it is necessary to use flexible combat methods.” Afterwards, Mao Zedong talked about the drawdown of the Red 1st Division. After Mao Zedong finished talking about the above three major events, he asked some questions about the life of the Red 1st Division troops, the ideological conditions of the soldiers and the political work of the Political Department of the division, and then kindly sent the three division leaders away. With great excitement, Tan Zheng and others reluctantly bid farewell to Mao Zedong and returned to the gathering place of the Red 1st Division. In this way, Tan Zheng, who obtained the most authoritative information about the Zunyi Conference from his conversation with Mao Zedong, conveyed and implemented the spirit of the Zunyi Conference in front of the entire division. Tan Zheng vividly discussed the significance of the Zunyi Conference in resolving the leadership issue of the Military Commission.He pointed out: "With correct strategic and tactical principles and a strong guarantee for political work, is there any difficulty that cannot be overcome? Is there any enemy that cannot be overcome? Is there any reason why the Long March and the revolution cannot be won?" Yes, Tan Zheng, an expert in political work, has tasted its sweetness from years of political work. Strong political work has greatly improved the combat effectiveness of the troops. Back then, in the Central Soviet Area, there was a soldier named Dai Youbiao in the 4th Company of the 3rd Red Regiment. He didn’t do a good job in attacking drills. See the enemy and run back to the Soviet area!" At the end of the exercise, the company commander made a speech in front of the team and criticized by name: "Dai Youbiao, who joined the company today, did not practice seriously during the training. Did everyone say it is necessary?" The entire company replied: "No!" The company commander ordered him again Name, ask him to come out and check in front of the team. Dai Youbiao refused to check, saying: "If you want me to speak and check, kill me with a knife!" After returning to the platoon, the platoon leader punished Dai Youbiao to stand upright in the sun, but he refused again, and the platoon leader beat him.Dai Youbiao felt aggrieved and angry, so he took the opportunity to go to the kitchen to drink water while Quan Lian was in political class, and committed suicide with a gun. At this time, after the Gutian Conference, it is time for the Red Army to implement the spirit of the resolution and overcome the tendency of warlordism.Tan Zheng came to the Red 3rd Regiment and made a detailed investigation into the suicide incident of Dai Youbiao, a soldier from the 4th Company. Obviously, the company commander and platoon leader adopted a serious warlord attitude towards the soldier Dai Youbiao. Regarding the relapse of this habit of warlordism, Tan Zheng was relentless. In his speech in front of the 4th company, he severely criticized warlordism, saying that it was a great enemy of the Red Army's construction, and discussed the Red Army's democratic movement and its in-depth and meticulous work. The far-reaching significance of ideological and political work, and publicly announced the decision to punish the company commander and platoon leader. Tan Zheng's move effectively prevented the spread of warlordism in the Red Army and greatly improved the political quality and combat effectiveness of the troops. In order to test the role and power of political work, Tan Zheng, in implementing the resolutions of the Gutian Conference, specially inspected the role of the party branch of a company as a battle fortress to see the role of the party and league members in difficult and dangerous situations. Tan Zheng inspected a battle in August 1930. Members of the party and league members were able to take the lead in charging and bravely killing the enemy.Once, a platoon of our Red 1st Regiment was surrounded by enemies several times larger than me in the Fengping area.The enemy attacked our platoon three times in a row with a battalion of troops, but failed. The platoon persisted in fighting for 7 hours, and finally escaped safely. Tan Zheng carefully analyzed the reason why this platoon was so capable of fighting. The main reason is that the party members played the backbone, leadership, and exemplary role in the battle, which strengthened the fighting spirit of the entire platoon. In December 1933, during the fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression", the Red 1st Division encountered Wu Qiwei's troops known as the "Iron Army" in a battle near Wudu.Tan Zheng knew very well the counter-revolutionary history of Wu Qiwei, the leader of the enemy army. He was the executioner who suppressed the riots in Guangzhou and massacred the revolutionary masses.At this time, around December 11th, the Guangzhou Riot Memorial Day, Tan Zheng wanted to use the Guangzhou Riot Memorial Day activities to stimulate the fighting spirit of the troops, deepen the resentment towards Wu Qiwei, and improve the combat effectiveness. Having made up his mind, Tan Zheng immediately called the political cadres of the division headquarters and notified the assembly team to hold a mobilization meeting to commemorate the sixth anniversary of the Guangzhou riot and eliminate Wu Qiwei. The meeting begins.All the commanders and fighters of the Red 1st Division listened attentively to the impassioned speech of the division head, and bursts of applause, shouts, and slogans broke out from time to time.The head of the division who gave the speech was Tan Zheng. Tan Zheng said: "Everyone still doesn't know the true face of Wu Qiwei, the enemy in front of our Red 1st Division. Today, 16 years ago, he held a counter-revolutionary butcher knife and suppressed the Guangzhou riot held by the Communist Party of China on December 11, killing countless of our revolutionary masses. .Today, he brought the counter-revolutionary army again to attack our red base area, to 'encircle and suppress' our Red Army!" "However," Tan Zheng almost shouted angrily, "Wu Qiwei is blind, today's Red Army is no longer the rebel army during the Guangzhou riots..." Finally, Tan Zheng issued a battle order: "Comrades! Comrades, our Red Army soldiers! Raise your swords and guns, fight bravely, and commemorate the 6th anniversary of the Guangzhou riots with the actual actions of victory in battle, and pay homage to Guangzhou with Wu Qiwei's head and blood Heroic spirits of the riot martyrs! We will shed our last drop of blood for the defense of the Soviets!" Tan Zheng's political mobilization has worked.The thunderous applause and shouts shook the hills and villages of Wudu, and the hearts of the commanders and fighters of the 1st Red Division! The next day, the battle between the Red 1st Division and the enemy Wu Qiwei's troops started.The commanders and fighters of the Red 1st Division were full of hatred and bullets, and they all rushed towards the enemy's position like tigers descending the mountain. At the end of the battle, the battle results were recorded in the battle report signed by the division commander Li Jukui and the director of the Political Department Tan Zheng: The enemy army annihilated in this battle was Wu Qiwei's troops known as the Iron Army.The defeated enemy suffered hundreds of casualties, the enemy was in panic, and the morale of the army became more and more shaken. Early morning on May 23, 1935.Sichuan Daliang Mountain Yi area. The afterglow of the morning glow has not yet dissipated. The Central Red Army advance team, composed of the Red 1st Division of the Red 1st Division and the Red 1st Regiment, set off from Mianning in the early summer morning dew and entered the Yi nationality area of ​​Daliang Mountain, preparing to go straight to Dadu. Anshun Field by the River. In Daliang Mountain, there are overlapping mountains, strange rocks flying in the sky, rugged roads, thorny thorns, and lush forests.The Yi nationality area is distributed in the deep mountains and wild mountains of Daliang Mountain.The Yi people lack clothing and food, suffer from poverty and illness, and their culture is backward.Due to the Kuomintang's policy of oppressing ethnic minorities, the impoverished and backward Yi people regard the Han people as their enemies. In order to pass through the Yi nationality area peacefully, before the team set off, Tan Zheng and other leaders conducted extensive political mobilization and in-depth and meticulous education on the party's ethnic policy for all officers and fighters.Their purpose is not only to pass through the Yi nationality area smoothly and peacefully, but also to leave a good impression on the Yi brothers, and stipulate that no matter what abnormal situation occurs, they must not shoot. The advance team, led by the engineering company, climbed the thorny vines with their hands and stepped on the thick rotting leaves, and marched with difficulty in this eerie dense forest. Originally, the natural dangers of Daliang Mountain made it difficult for the advance team to walk. In addition, the Yi brothers misunderstood the rumors and confused the Han Red Army with the Han Kuomintang Army. The single-plank bridge, which exacerbated the difficulty of the advance team. The advance team of engineers even opened the road in the mountains and built bridges in the rivers. When they were walking through a valley, suddenly many Yi people with earthen guns, spears, bows and arrows, and big knives swarmed and surrounded them.When the engineering company comrades explained to the Yi people that they were the Red Army and the team of the poor, the Yi people simply ignored them. The Yi people started to fight.They pushed the correspondent Xiao Liu to the ground, stomped on him, stripped him of his clothes, and took away his weapon. The company commander Wang Yaonan subconsciously pulled out his pistol in a fit of anger, and the soldiers followed suit.Suddenly, he remembered the orders from the headquarters, and remembered the kind and patient ethnic policy education given by Director Tan Zheng and other leading comrades. He immediately ordered loudly to the soldiers: "Don't shoot, implement the ethnic policy!" Pistols, the soldiers immediately put away their guns. Seeing that the soldiers had put away their guns, the Yi people swarmed up and stripped off the comrades of the engineering company, taking away all their weapons and tools.The comrades of the engineering company had no choice but to retreat back to Daqiao Town naked, and the comrades of the fraternal troops gathered clothes for them to wear. At that time, the 1st and 2nd Battalions of the Red 1st Regiment walked in front, and the 3rd Battalion led by Yang Dezhi led the 3rd Battalion to cover Liu Bocheng, Nie Rongzhen, etc., and walked behind.Company Commander Wang Yaonan came back naked to meet Commander Yang, and reported how his clothes had been stripped and weapons and tools had been robbed.Commander Yang said: "Hurry up and find some clothes to put on. I'll report to Commanders Liu and Nie. You have to lead the troops well, and you need to open the way ahead!" Company Commander Wang replied: "Regimental Commander Yang, don't worry, we promise to complete the task. I think the Yi people are pretty good. They just shouted at the top of their voices, but they didn't shoot. It's a pity that they don't understand the language. Otherwise, to be reasonable, I think they will let you We passed. But..." Company Commander Wang smiled embarrassedly and said, "This is the first time that our engineering company of the 1st Red Army has lost such a 'fight'!" Indeed, a company of the Red Army was stripped naked and "disarmed" by Yi brothers who did not understand the Red Army. When Company Commander Wang Yaonan saw Liu Bocheng, he reviewed again and said: "Commander, we have not completed the mission, and we still..." Liu Bocheng interrupted him and praised: "Your exemplary implementation of the party's ethnic policy is to complete a task. Big job." Later, Comrade Liu Bocheng sent Ding Bolin, a team member who knew a little about the language and customs of the Yi people, to contact him and invited Xiaoyedan, the leader of the Yi people. According to the customs of the Yi people, Commander Liu drank chicken blood with him and became brothers.After that, Xiaoyedan ​​sent people to escort the Red Army troops.At the same time, due to the extensive mobilization of the Red Army troops and the preparation of some silver dollar clothes for distribution along the way, the troops passed through the Yi nationality area of ​​Daliang Mountain smoothly and peacefully, and left a good impression on the Yi brothers. Xiaoyedan ​​and others also participated in the revolution. , Later sacrificed under the butcher knife of the Kuomintang. The political work of Tan Zheng and others achieved fruitful results in the implementation of ethnic policies by the advance team. May 25, 1935 at 7 a.m.Sichuan Kangding Dadu River Anshun field. As the sun rises in summer, Anshun Field by the Dadu River is still covered in mist, and the sound of thundering and raging waves adds a sense of mystery, danger and terror to this confusing natural landscape. The Dadu River is a tributary of the Minjiang River. It was called the Weijiang River in ancient times, and it was also called the Tonghe River.It rushes down from the high mountains and the water is fast and unpredictable.The cliffs and dangerous shoals on both sides of the strait cut through the waves to block the flow, arouse huge waves, and stir up countless whirlpools, which makes people feel frightened and shocking. In the Anshunchang section of the Dadu River, the river is about 200 meters wide, the water depth is about 10 meters, and the flow velocity is about 4 meters per second.The mountains on the other side are continuous, easy to defend and difficult to attack, and the troops of Sichuan warlords Liu Xiang, Liu Wenhui, and Yang Sen are in danger.This is the third natural danger encountered by the Central Red Army and its Red 1st Division since the Long March (the first natural danger is the Wujiang River, the second natural danger is the Jinsha River), and it is also the most difficult natural danger to overcome. Inspired by the spirit of the Zunyi Conference, the 17 warriors of the 1st Battalion and 2nd Company of the Red 1st Regiment of the 1st Division of the Red Army assembled in Anshun Field, are ready to go. A few days ago, Commander Yang Dezhi came to the river to observe the enemy's situation on the other side.Through the binoculars, he saw a small village of four or five families on the opposite bank about a mile away from the ferry.There are several bunkers near the ferry, surrounded by black rocks.估计敌人可能把主力隐蔽在这个小村子里，以阻挡我渡河部队登岸。 他立即作了渡河部署： 火力部署：令配属红1团的军团炮兵连，将3门八二迫击炮和数挺重机枪布置在阵地上，轻机枪也进入阵地掩护。令有名的神炮手赵章成和机炮连的3个特等射手进入阵地。 兵力部署：当时渡船只有一只，乘不了多少人，杨团长决心组织一支坚强精悍、战斗力特强的渡河奋勇队，并把这个任务交给了第1营。 在谭政多年开展政治工作的红1师，战士们养成了这样的作风：遇到困难顶着上，碰到战斗任务抢着上。这次第1营战士听说要组织渡河奋勇队，战士们一下子围住了第1营孙营长，争先恐后地要求参加。孙营长请示杨团长后决定：集中在第2连选派，然后营长批准。 最初，选定了16人。可是，第2连通信员陈万清哭着喊着争着要去。他是遵义会议后入伍的新同志，参军不到半年，年仅16岁。刘伯承、聂荣臻等首长到达安顺场时，见他要求很坚决，便对孙营长说：“由你们营长最后下命令定吧，叫谁去谁就去。”当孙营长批准他参加奋勇队时，陈万清破涕为笑了。 最后确定的17名渡河尖兵，后来成了中共历史上的著名十七勇士。这17名尖兵是： 2连连长熊尚林； 2排排长罗会明； 3班班长刘长发； 3班副班长张麦克； 3班战士张桂成； 3班战士萧汉尧； 3班战士王华亭； 3班战士廖洪山； 3班战士赖发秋； 3班战士曾先吉； 4班班长郭世苍； 4班副班长张成球； 4班战士肖桂兰； 4班战士朱祥云； 4班战士谢良明； 4班战士丁流民； 4班战士陈万清； 渡河奋勇队以熊尚林为队长，每人携带一把大刀、一支冲锋枪、一支短枪、五六个手榴弹和其他作业工具。一切准备停当，整装待发。 这时，杨得志团长对奋勇队作了简短有力的强渡动员。他说：“同志们！千万红军的希望，中国革命的希望，就在你们身上。坚决地强渡过去，消灭对岸的敌人！” 上午7时整，当大渡河畔还雾气弥漫的时候，我军强渡大渡河的战斗开始了。刘伯承看了看怀表，对杨团长发出命令：“开始！”杨团长立即传令：“轻重机枪掩护，强渡开始！” 我登上渡船的17名勇士，在当地熟练船工的摆渡下，在首长、同志们的激励、嘱托下，满怀革命豪情，悄然地离开了南岸的首长和战友，匆匆地向北岸敌人阵地驶去。 不一会，雾已散尽，对岸的敌人发现了目标，向我渡船开起火来。 我军立即以更猛烈的炮火向敌人射击。神炮手赵章成用百发百中的炮弹，掀掉了敌人的碉堡，轻重机枪和步枪也一齐向敌人开火。 渡船迎着敌人密集的弹雨在前进着。 刘伯承、聂荣臻走出了工事，命令吹号，故意暴露大目标，以转移敌人的视线，分散敌人的火力。萧华从司号员手中取过军号，挺起胸膛吹了起来，各连的司号员也跟着吹起了冲锋号。 渡船迎着汹涌的波涛，越来越驶近对岸，敌人的火力也越来越猛。敌人的炮弹落在船边掀起的巨浪、水柱使小船剧烈地晃荡，敌人的子弹打伤了我一个战士的胳膊，渡船的船帮被打了一个洞，忽而又撞到了一块大礁石上……一切困难，都被我英雄的、用政治工作陶冶出来的红1师勇士克服了。 渡船离北岸只有五六米了，战士们一齐站了起来，准备冲上岸去抢占北岸渡口。 敌人更加疯狂地向我渡船射击。对岸小村子里的敌人也向北岸渡口冲去，企图消灭我勇士于岸边。 赵章成奉命射击，他的两发炮弹准确地在敌群中开了花。第1营机枪排排长、神枪手李得才等同志的轻重机枪一齐向敌人扫射，敌人纷纷倒地，残敌四散逃窜。我十七勇士飞身下船，迅速登岸，以手榴弹、冲锋枪消灭了岸边的敌人，占领了敌人的渡口工事，为我军胜利渡河取得了立足点。 守敌不甘心失败，又拼命地进行反扑，妄图趁我立足未稳、过河人数很少的机会，夺回渡口工事。 在我南岸炮火的强力掩护下，十七勇士冲向敌群，大刀飞舞，敌人血肉横飞，溃不成军，拼命逃窜。我十七勇士牢固地控制了北岸渡口据点，站稳了脚跟。 敌韩槐阶营一崩溃，敌第7团余味儒的阵地立即全线动摇，敌人号称固若金汤的大渡河防线被我军突破了。 十七勇士控制敌阵地后，依靠那只小船及以后又找到的两只小船，接我后续部队源源不断地过河。 孙营长率领机枪射手过了河，进一步巩固了渡口阵地。杨团长率领部队乘第三条船过了河，扩大了北岸渡口阵地纵深。又找到了52个船工，分成4班，昼夜不停地为红军摆渡。靠这3只小船，在这里渡过了红1军团红1师和军委干部团。 十七勇士强渡大渡河成功了。附近群众说：“红军是飞过来的！”蒋介石妄想“叫朱、毛变成石达开第二”的计划破产了，红军胜利了。红1师的红1团为长征胜利、为中国革命的胜利立了一大功！十七勇士的英名永垂史册！在十七勇士的军功章里，谭政的政治工作功不可没！ 1935年6月中旬。蜀西夹金山以北藏族游牧区。 风和日丽，草原青青。红1师主力翻越了白雪皑皑的大雪山——夹金山，来到了山脚下草场辽阔的藏民游牧区。 这一带的藏民信奉喇嘛教，每个圩镇都建有富丽堂皇的喇嘛寺，晚上一家人团聚在一起烤火念经。他们生活简单，以牛、羊肉和青稞为主食。 红1师主力来到这个地区，开始大家很高兴，以为到了游牧区，吃肉肯定没什么问题。可是，由于藏民误信敌人的宣传，不但把牛、羊赶走了，而且人也跑光了，粮食也埋藏了起来。而我们所带的粮食已经吃完了，顿时部队的口粮无以为继，饥饿严重地威胁着部队。部队到达马河口时，已经断炊两天了。 what to do?有人提出说，地里的豌豆苗可以采摘充饥。师政委黄篆觉得这是违犯群众纪律，不同意。 然而，人总是要吃饭的，红军指战员也不例外，就是为了革命的胜利，也要吃饭。这时，师政治部主任谭政同志②想出了个主意，既解决了吃饭问题，又基本上不违犯群众纪律。谭政说：“为了不损害群众的利益，又可以用豌豆苗充饥，我们可以在采摘群众的豌豆苗后，在地头上放上几块钱作为赔偿，并插上木牌说明。”大家觉得除这个办法外，也就没有别的更好的办法，这是没有办法的办法，大家也就按这一办法去做了。 谭政的这一发明，初步解决了部队的粮食危机问题。 1935年9月中旬。甘肃迭部县哈达铺藏族农牧区。 秋高气爽，红日当空，万里蓝天飘着朵朵白云，辽阔的甘南草原一片翠绿，阵阵凉风拂面掠过，好一派祖国西北的自然风光啊！ 草原上，一场藏族同胞盛大的欢迎宴会，正在隆重地举行。他们以藏族风俗的最高规格和礼节，设宴招待了途经这里的红军领导干部。谭政也出席了藏民这次盛大的宴会。 多少天来，红军指战员都是靠野菜、草根、皮带等充饥，米面从未沾唇。现在一看到藏粑团子，肚子饿得直叫，口水快要流了出来。谭政狼吞虎咽，一口气吃了七八个还不觉得饱，但却不敢再吃了。 谭政在后来回忆那难忘的一幕时，万分感慨地说道： 当时，觉得藏粑团子可真香啊！可是，不能再吃了。这是因为：我们也在教育部队，饿过头的胃不能吃得过饱，吃多会胀死的！所以，我吃了八个藏粑团子以后，便克制自己，不能再吃了；尽管肚子饿得很，可我们终归是红军的领导干部呀，要是没完没了地吃，连受苦的藏族同胞也会笑话饿瘪肚皮的红军的！这大概也是红军长征路上艰苦生活中的一个插曲吧！不，我一生是把它作为红军长征中的一次很有纪念意义的活动！ 1935年10月19日傍晚。陕北苏区保安县吴起镇。 陕北秋日的晚霞，带着落日的余辉，慢慢洒落在尘土飞扬的黄土高坡，洒落在群山环抱、炊烟缕缕的保安吴起小镇。 此时，中央红军穿过黄褐色的山谷——头道川，来到了这个地处陕北黄土高原的吴起镇，最终找到了红军长征的落脚点。 吴起镇，是陕北革命根据地保安县属地，传说是为纪念古代名将吴起而命名的。镇里住着100多户人家，700多人口。 当红军到达吴起镇时，群众误以为是国民党军队前来骚扰，男女老幼牵着牛羊逃避一空。我军便四处寻找群众，找着几个老弱病残者，但因语言不通，未打听到什么情况。 为此，谭政等政治工作领导干部开始了紧张的工作，广泛开始政治宣传。在他的发动指挥下，战士们开进宿营地后，首先打扫街道卫生，清除垃圾，到处张贴“北上抗日，收复失地”、“与红二十五、二十六军会合，一致抗日救国”等标语。 老人们见状，判断这是红军无疑，就去叫老百姓回来。很快，吴起镇的党支部书记和乡政府主席回来了，第二天全镇男女老少都回来了。 一见红军，他们就高兴地说：“咱们以为国民党军队来了呵，原来是自己人！”群众热烈欢迎红军，乡镇干部和部队负责同志共同研究解决部队的各种需要，了解周围的敌情。广大指战员兴奋地说：“我们真的回到自己家了！” 在吴起镇，我军根据当时的敌情，部队的需要和当地物质条件的可能，决定在这里休整7天，进行政治方面、军事方面和物质方面的整训和准备。 在政治工作方面，深入解释、宣传中央红军到达陕北苏区抗日新根据地及与陕北红军会合的重大意义，宣告中央红军二万五千里长征的胜利结束，动员广大红军指战员，为保卫陕北苏区而战。 在军事工作方面，训练新兵，擦拭武器，充实弹药，整顿军容，严格军纪。 在物质准备工作方面，补充服装，赶编草鞋，洗澡，洗衣，理发，整顿内务等。 这样，中央红军及其红1师从1934年10月离开中央苏区开始，历时1年，长驱25000里，途经11个省份，转战跋涉，历尽艰辛，今天，终于胜利地到达陕北苏区，结束了伟大的长征。广大指战员的激动、兴奋、喜悦、欢乐的情怀，是语言、文字无法表达的。 整个吴起镇，沉浸在无限美妙的欢歌笑语声中。 谭政，作为中央红军红1军团红1师的政治领导者，不仅自始至终参加了长征，亲身经历了长征途中的种种艰难险阻，接受了来自敌人和大自然的严酷考验，而且还亲自领导了红1师的长征，使红1师从一个胜利走向另一个胜利，为中央红军长征的胜利，建立了奇功。 参加红军长征，不知在何地、何时，谭政身上留下了一个不可磨灭的纪念品。这个纪念品，就是脚掌上留有一个很硬的东西，说是枣刺，可又不是，它好像变成了“化石”，走路碰上这个硬块，非常痛。 到延安后，医生给他做了手术，手术虽不大，但很复杂，结果还是没能把那块硬物挖掉。 建国后，医疗条件改善了，医术提高了，那块硬物仍没有做掉。但诊断的结果是，那块硬物是一小截木棍，被肌肉紧紧包缠着。据医生分析，估计是谭政在长征路上扎进脚掌上的枣刺！ 后来，谭政富有风趣地说：“这个手术不用做了，就让它永远在我的脚上长着吧！当做长征纪念吧！”“我的脚掌有时痛得难忍，但是，一痛，倒使我想起了艰苦年代的长征路！”