Chapter 34 Report of the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Situation of the Weibei Guerrilla War

(September 13, 1930) (1) Political economy and mass struggle situation before the guerrilla: Weibei is the most serious famine in the whole province. There is no harvest in autumn and summer, and there are thousands of miles of barren land. Political and economic panic has arisen, and commerce has withered. The proportion is more than five tenths, and all towns are very depressed. The shops are either mud doors or houses are being demolished. As for the handicraft industry, the production is completely bankrupt. Eighty to ninety percent of the houses were demolished for one yuan of foreign currency, and even a village was completely demolished, and the wood was sold as firewood (a piece of foreign currency can weigh three hundred catties).Although Fuping’s rural economy is better than Sanyuan’s, the exploitation by the tyrants, landlords and rich peasants is particularly harsh. Although each mu of land can be sold for 20 yuan to 150 yuan, the exploitation of usury by landlords and rich peasants is particularly harsh. Eight yuan, paid in advance, about 30 yuan should be repaid after the summer harvest. These interest loans are all mortgaged on the land. bankruptcy.Politically, the entire Weibei was ruled by bandits. The government only guarded one city, but the rule of the gentry was particularly strong. At the same time, the peasant struggle was suppressed.There is an area in Fuping where the number of new-style guns is about 3,000, and the gentry and landlords in the northern Weibei are all concentrated here, like a concession.Since the rule of the gentry is so strict, the exploitation of the peasants is particularly barbaric. Due to the famine and various exploitations, the peasants were expelled from the area by the gentry after they went bankrupt. , An unprecedented increase in taxes, current tax, local tax, fighting donation, cigarette loan, charcoal donation, military loan, military clothing donation, treasury donation, lamp oil donation, temporary loan, military loan... The names are complicated.The large military loan in Sanyuan, the capital firm with only about 80 yuan, immediately gave 40 yuan, which aroused the whole city of Sanyuan to go on strike and revolt, and the rural taxation was even more urgent. , Forced peasants to jump into wells and commit suicide everywhere.Under such economic and political conditions, the lives of the masses have become extremely impoverished, and the vast number of peasants cannot eat the roots and husks, and the oppression of the gentry and landlord ruling class has become more and more severe, so the famine has become even more serious. There are dead bodies everywhere in the countryside, and the houses are empty. There is a popular proverb in the countryside that "there is no one to bury after death, and there is still waiting to be recruited after death".As a result, the struggles of the disaster victims in various places were raging like clouds and clouds. In Sanyuan and Beiyuan, they robbed the rich gentry and rich peasants of wheat. In Sanyuan Dongnan Township, they automatically distributed the gentry’s food. At that time, the wheat harvest was approaching. The summer famine was very serious. There were only two or three buckets of wheat harvested per mu. They are all planted by tyrants, landlords and rich peasants, and two-thirds of the peasants don’t have any at all. However, all kinds of apportionment and exploitation, exorbitant taxes, and excuses for summer harvests are even more urgent and forced. .The Weibei Party used to have a strong history in the northern area of ​​Sanyuan, and it also had a great influence, so the masses said to comrades: "If you do it, we will do it. If you don't dare, we will join the bandits."At this time, the objective situation is already like this, and the struggle together is an armed conflict with the ruling class of the gentry and landlords.If they cannot lead this struggle, the masses will have no choice but to let the bandit leaders take it away. Therefore, based on this objective situation, the Provincial Party Committee resolutely instructed the Sanyuan Special Branch to resolutely develop guerrilla warfare.

(2) Preparation for guerrilla warfare: A few days before the May 30th, the Provincial Party Committee, Comrade Huang Chengzhang, Inspector of Weibei of the Provincial Party Committee (formerly in charge of Sanyuan), Comrade Chen Guanying, Inspector of West Road (used to be in charge of West Road, failed to go back after the struggle) jointly started Weibei work In the discussion meeting, the political, economic and mass struggle situation in Weibei was assessed in detail, that is, the specific immediate decision was made to prepare for the development of guerrilla warfare, and quickly lead to the road of local riots.The specific strategy and route instructed by the Provincial Party Committee at that time were:

1. The party should put forward the central slogans of "distribute food to landlords and gentry" and "resistance to donations", and spread propaganda and agitation among the masses so as to link them with central political slogans such as "distribute land to landlords and gentry", "anti-KMT", "establish Soviets", etc. To expand the party's political propaganda, mobilize the struggle of the broad masses. 2. After the struggle centered in Sanyuan North District was launched, it immediately expanded to neighboring districts and counties. At the same time, the Fuping Party must immediately launch mass struggles to cooperate with Sanyuan. Sanyuan City, the establishment of the local Soviet regime.

3. Immediately restore the farmers’ cooperative associations. Because the agricultural associations had great influence in Sanyuan in the past and were able to call on the masses, but in the past they were opportunistic, united with genuine gentlemen, and controlled by rich peasants. The past must be changed immediately. , based on the vast number of poor people, expel the rich people, and make the [Nong] Association an organization of poor and middle peasants.These mass organizations must be expanded violently and become organizations of the broad masses, breaking through the narrow scope of the past.

Fourth, the armed organization and training of the masses should be particularly intensified.Under the organization of the Agricultural Association and the Disaster Victims Self-Rescue Association, there must be armed organizations, with the guerrillas, disaster victims' teams, and young pioneers as the center of the armed organizations, collecting as many armed forces as possible, and seizing the guns of the gentry and militia bandit troops.Prepare for everyone to have primitive armed forces (knives and spears, etc.), concentrate the sporadic armed forces scattered among the masses, and hold regular meetings of armed organizations to improve the mood of the masses for struggle and strengthen the armed forces of the masses (in the past, every time the masses in Sanyuan The assembly was armed and had become customary among the masses).

5. The most central issue in preparing for guerrilla warfare is the issue of expanding the party's political propaganda and agitation.Therefore, various methods are used to convene mass meetings and to carry out powerful and provocative propaganda and agitation to enhance the courage and determination of the masses to fight. The party can distribute various plain text propaganda materials through mass organizations, such as leaflets, slogans, pictorials, etc. Sixth, resolutely launch the struggle against the rich peasants.The Sanyuan Party has historically fallen into the line of the rich peasants and united the rich peasants. In fact, the rich peasants are the most powerful in the northern area of ​​Sanyuan, because the gentry and landlords were all killed and driven away by the masses (including the rich peasants) under the leadership of the party, and the usury apportionment and exploitation were concentrated. In the hands of the rich peasants, the struggle against the rich peasants is therefore a prerequisite for the development of guerrilla warfare.Therefore, the Provincial Party Committee gave special and firm instructions that the slogans of leading the struggle of farm laborers, organizing farm labor unions, and resisting usury are the most important, in order to deepen the struggle of the agrarian revolution.

7. Bandits are everywhere in Weibei. In the past, any local party headquarters and party members in Shaanxi wanted to use the bandits to launch mass struggles, saying that the bandits were revolutionary, so they tried to collude with the bandit leaders as much as possible.The Provincial Party Committee particularly seriously pointed out that this opportunistic line is the [incorrect] way to ruin the struggle of the masses. The correct strategy for dealing with bandits must go deep into the lower masses, expand the party's political propaganda as much as possible, and agitate the struggle between the lower masses and the leaders. Lead the masses to participate in peasant struggles, strengthen political education, and change their hooliganism. If a part of them is involved in rural struggles, they must be reorganized immediately, and the masses must be encouraged to deal with their leaders, so as to wipe out the leader's influence among the masses.

8. Strengthen the subjective power of the party, establish rural branches in general, try to absorb resolute and brave elements in the struggle to join the party, develop party organizations, and establish branch work. The initiation of each struggle and the party's strategy must be thoroughly discussed by the branch. Train new active and courageous elements (peasant laborers and poor peasants), replace rich peasant elements, and resolutely fight against the line of enriching peasants within the party, and strike down all rich peasant consciousness. 9. To establish cities and work among the soldiers, capable comrades and people under the influence of the Party should be immediately sent to the cities and the army to establish Party branches of soldiers and encourage soldiers to mutiny in order to cooperate with the struggle in the countryside. Work with the shop assistants, lead the struggle of the shop assistants and the poor, build organizations of the poor and the shop assistants, make the urban struggle and the rural struggle cooperate, and merge into local riots.

Based on these strategic lines, the Provincial Party Committee sent Comrades Huang and Chen Er to Hebei after detailed discussions to develop guerrilla warfare in Weibei with Sanyuan and Fuping as the center. (3) The course of guerrilla warfare Comrades Huang and Chen Er arrived in Weibei, and they proposed the resolution of the provincial party committee to the party headquarters in Sanyuan and Fuping for discussion, and actively launched guerrilla warfare. However, Comrades Huang and Chen Er did not follow the line decided by the provincial party committee, and were still colluding with bandits Under the crisis of the line with the rich peasants, the guerrilla war instructed by the provincial party committee was launched. Therefore, after more than 20 days, all the bandits united by the guerrillas were shot, and several comrades were sacrificed. It was a complete failure. ...

(4) Slightly (5) Work arrangement after failure Soon after the failure, the Provincial Party Committee discussed the serious mistakes made in this struggle with Comrade Chen who came from Weibei, and decided on a new work arrangement, resolutely instructed the Sanyuan and Fuping local party departments to continue to implement the previous resolution of the Provincial Party Committee, and resolutely launched Leading the mass struggle, [because] the current objective situation has not eased, but has become more serious. The autumn famine has come and the masses are boiling. Only under the central strategy of local riots can the broad masses be mobilized under the party's slogans. However, since the failure, the right deviation in the party has become more serious, and the voice of "no way" has been filled with the tone of ordinary comrades. Therefore, it is a prerequisite for carrying out all tasks to fight against the right deviation. According to this instruction, Comrade Chen inspected the Fuping also set up a work in Sanyuan, but after Comrade Chen arrived in Weibei, the work in Sanyuan could not be established, and all comrades were robbed by bandits and unable to gain a foothold, and they all went to related militias.Fuping hadn't moved at all during this struggle.Responding to this failure, he was even more immobile, which encouraged the development of right deviations within the party.Comrade Chen’s instructions for inspecting Fuping were again based on the line of the rich peasants, and he resolutely decided that the central slogan of the current struggle is "against the bandits sweeping the land" (this is welcomed by the rich peasants). Therefore, the work in Fuping was decided after Chen Tongji transferred Comrade Huang to the provincial party committee. The detailed arrangements for the work in Weibei, but because Comrade Huang made many serious mistakes in the struggle, he was negative after failure, and after several urgings, he did not come to the provincial party committee for two months.But organization has become a problem.At present, the work in Weibei can only be arranged with Fuping as the center, and the provincial party committee will send people to inspect soon, so as to change the party's work line and all detailed decisions on specific tasks.