Chapter 5 ○4. The anti-Japanese beacon bears the important task of Shaanxi

The land of China in 1936 presented an increasingly complex situation.The iron hoof of Japanese militarism, after occupying the Northeast and establishing the puppet "Manchukuo", has stepped into the rivers and mountains of North China, and the crisis of national subjugation is becoming more and more serious.The Communist Party of China held high the banner of anti-Japanese national salvation and national liberation, and put forward the idea of ​​establishing a broad anti-Japanese national united front, stopping the civil war, and unifying the outside world, and took the lead in implementing new policies and strategies in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region; The "February 9th" student movement led to an unprecedented upsurge in the anti-Japanese and national salvation struggles of people from all walks of life throughout the country and throughout China; while the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek continued to be enemies of the people, stubbornly adhered to the reactionary policy of "to fight against the outside world, we must first settle the inside", encircled and suppressed the Communist Party, Revolutionary bases and anti-Japanese forces.

In this situation, the "Xi'an Incident" that shocked China and the world broke out. On December 12, 1936, General Zhang Xueliang, leader of the Northeast Army, and General Yang Hucheng, leader of the Northwest Army, detained Chiang Kai-shek in Xi'an and carried out "military remonstrance" to force Chiang Kai-shek to accept the idea of ​​resisting Japan.The Chinese Communist Party insisted on putting national righteousness first, and persuaded Zhang and Yang to resolve the "Xi'an Incident" peacefully. After Chiang Kai-shek was forced to accept the six conditions for stopping the civil war and jointly resisting Japan, it contributed to the great anti-Japanese war of the Chinese people.

The outbreak of the "Xi'an Incident" is not accidental, and it is by no means accidental that this incident happened in Xi'an.In addition to the influence of various objective situations, the party has a long-term struggle foundation in Shaanxi, which is an important reason.Although the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee suffered two major damages in 1933 and 1935, the fire of revolution has not been extinguished, and the party organization and party members still exist.In the troops of Yang Hucheng and Zhang Xueliang, there are party organizations and many party members who are persistently doing underground work. Before the "Xi'an Incident" broke out, the Red Army reached an armistice agreement with the Northwest Army and the Northeast Army respectively.

After the "Xi'an Incident" broke out, the Party Central Committee decided to rebuild the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee in order to meet the needs of the new struggle. Jia Tuofu, who served as the secretary of the special committee on the three sides, returned to Yan'an with urgent telegrams. Together with Zhou Enlai, Ye Jianying, Bogu, Luo Ruiqing, Li Kenong , took the plane sent by Zhang Xueliang to Xi'an directly. On December 25, 1936, the day when the Xi’an Incident was peacefully resolved and Chiang Kai-shek was released, Bogu announced the establishment of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee on behalf of the Party Central Committee, appointed Jia Tuofu as the Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee, and Ouyang Qin, Li Yimeng, and Zhang Desheng as Ministers of Military Affairs and Ministers of Propaganda Later, Wang Feng, Zhao Boping, Zhu Lizhi, Hui Zijun, Pan Zili, Peng Jialun, Cui Tingru, Wei Gongzhi and others successively participated in the leadership work of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee.

The Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee works in the Kuomintang-ruled area and is underground.Immediately after its establishment, full-scale activities were launched.First of all, the underground organization was restored, the party members were recruited, and the party team was established and improved.Before the establishment of the provincial party committee, especially after the great destruction in 1935, there were no more than three or four hundred party members with organizational connections. From 1937 to 1938, under the impetus of the anti-Japanese situation, the Provincial Party Committee adopted various methods to mobilize the masses extensively.On the basis of political, ideological and organizational preparations, develop from central areas such as Xi'an and Sanyuan to all walks of life; use the work teams and propaganda teams going to the countryside to discover, train and absorb party members; from intellectual party members in schools to Run evening schools and literacy classes in rural areas, teach and sing anti-Japanese songs. Through these activities, activists are discovered and cultivated; the party organizations of the Northwest Army and the Northeast Army develop and establish local party organizations in the garrison; send backbones to blank areas to open up work, etc. .In the Hanzhong, Guanzhong, and southern Shaanxi areas under the Kuomintang rule, underground party organizations were generally established.More than 30 counties have established county committees and working committees, more than a dozen counties have established special branches or branches, and also established Xifu, Xilu (Xilan Highway), Yanhe (Yellow River), Hanzhong, Ankang, and Shangluo prefectural committees (Working Committee), and established the Municipal Committee, Educational Committee, Working Committee, and Women's Committee in Xi'an.Almost all universities, middle schools, and normal schools in Xi'an and counties have party branches or affiliated party members.Northeastern University and Northwest Associated University have branches composed of dozens of party members, and party organizations have also been established among workers in textile, post and telecommunications, railway and other departments. By the end of 1938, the number of party members had reached more than 8,000, and the total number of party members in the enemy and friend armies was nearly 10,000.

At that time, the country was in dire straits, and some cadres and revolutionary masses in the party found it extremely difficult to accept the release of Chiang Kai-shek and the cooperation with the Kuomintang, which massacred communists. It was not easy to turn around this thought.Jatov has directly participated in the struggle against the Kuomintang since he came into contact with the society and devoted himself to the revolution.For more than ten years, he has deeply realized that the Kuomintang will never put down the butcher knife and become a Buddha immediately, and he himself has not only suffered hardships, but also escaped death several times.Now it is necessary to switch to a united front with the Kuomintang, and it is naturally difficult to pass emotionally.However, through his own revolutionary practice, he has already understood that a revolutionist and a Communist Party member should put the party's cause and the highest interests of the people first. It also loses the interests of the party, and understands that emotions must obey reason.He believes that class feelings are precious, but if the feelings fall into a narrow valley, it will be difficult to see the vast world, which will damage the overall situation. For a leader, this is especially important.Therefore, he looked at the current situation with a calm and sober mind, and deeply understood the central government's decision-making.

From May 2 to 14, 1937, Jia Tuofu participated in the National Congress of the Communist Party of China (Party Congress of the Soviet Union) held in Yan'an, with Mao Zedong, Zhang Wentian, Bo Gu, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Zhang Guotao, Kai Feng, Lin Biao, Yang Shangkun, Nie Rongzhen , Xiao Ke, Guo Hongtao, Fu Zhong, Peng Zhen, Ma Mingfang, Cai Chang, Liu Changsheng, etc. were elected to the presidium of the conference.This meeting gave him a better understanding of the current situation, and a deep understanding of the line and policy of "mobilizing and leading millions of people to the anti-Japanese national united front" proposed by the Party Central Committee.He is very clear in his heart that this spirit is the central guiding ideology of the work of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, and implementing this spirit is the fundamental task of the work of the Shaanxi Party Organization.

Therefore, when he hurried back from Yan'an to Yunyang Town, where the Provincial Party Committee is located, he immediately organized a provincial Party Congress. From May 22 to 27, he presided over the Shaanxi Provincial Party Congress, and invited Zhou Enlai, Ren Bishi, Peng Dehuai, Yang Shangkun and other leading comrades to attend the meeting and give instructions.At the meeting, he focused on conveying the spirit of the Central Committee, pointing out: "At present, in order to achieve the goals put forward by the Party Central Committee, we must adopt a completely different work line, policy and method from the past. From the policy of class anti-class, to the national The policy of the United Front has changed from confrontation with the Kuomintang to cooperation with the Kuomintang, while at the same time maintaining the independence of the party in the United Front and gaining leadership." He also repeatedly explained to everyone: when foreign enemies invade and the country is in peril, The most urgent demand of the Chinese nation and the people is to defeat the aggressors and not be a subjugated slave.At this time, the national conflict between us and the Japanese militarism rose to the main aspect, while the class conflict with the domestic exploiting class fell to the non-main aspect.If the party cannot adapt to changes in the situation and change its strategy, it will become divorced from the masses of the people and damage the cause of the party.Cooperating with the Kuomintang to resist Japan does not mean giving up the party's fundamental revolutionary goal. This is the significance of maintaining the party's independent position in the united front and striving for leadership.

Beginning in June 1937, in the name of "Guan Feng", Jia Tuofu successively published "About the Current Tasks and Work of the Shaanxi Party" (Summary of the Work of the May Festival) and "About the Current Some Issues in Organizing the Anti-Japanese United Front" and other series of articles specifically expounded the strategic issues of the party's anti-Japanese national united front.Because the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee headed by Jia Tuofu resolutely and conscientiously implemented the line, principles and policies of the Party Central Committee, and deeply mobilized party members and revolutionary masses, the Shaanxi Party Organization effectively promoted the anti-Japanese struggle in this area on the basis of a unified understanding. , strengthened the revolutionary forces.

In the process of the organization's great development, there were also problems such as insufficient organization, lax organizational discipline, influx of dissidents and spies, more public activities of key elements, and overly red (exposed) political faces. The provincial party committee promptly put forward the "development The policy of "consolidating in the middle and developing in the middle of consolidation" and "attaching equal importance to consolidation and development" entered the consolidation stage from mid-1938.After the Kuomintang put forward the reactionary policy of "preventing, restricting, and dissolving communism", it basically stopped developing and concentrated its efforts to further consolidate the party's organization.

The anti-Japanese and national salvation movement of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee caused panic among the Kuomintang authorities.In February 1938, the Provincial Party Headquarters of the Kuomintang ordered the cancellation of 13 national salvation groups, including the People’s Pioneers, the Youth Salvation Association, and the New Literature Promotion Association. They were disbanded within a time limit in May. On June 1, Lin Keyi and other leaders of the national salvation groups were searched and arrested. The situation started to deteriorate.Jia Tuofu reported to the Central Committee on June 2, explaining that most leaders of the provincial party committee planned to withdraw from Xi'an to Yunyang Town, leaving only one delegation in Xi'an, and the work of other places except Xi'an would be concentrated in Yunyang.At the same time, the central government was required to equip the provincial party committee with a radio station (in the past, the provincial party committee and the central party's telecommunication contact were all via the Eighth Route Army's office in Xi'an).After the approval of the central government, Jia Tuofu and others returned to the provincial committee, and the central government also distributed a radio station. From then on, the provincial committee can directly maintain contact with the central government. Not long after the leaders of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee withdrew to Yunyang, Wang Bodong, secretary of the Shaanxi Shangluo Working Committee of the Communist Party of China, and Xuan Xiafu, a senior councilor of the Eighth Route Army, were assassinated by the enemy one after another. In August 1938, the Provincial Party Committee held a meeting in Yunyang. In his report, Jia Tuofu emphasized that while developing the Party, the Party must be consolidated. In order to consolidate the organization, secret work and the struggle against traitors must be emphasized. has been emphasized ever since.The meeting also further decided to implement a change in the scope of work: from the advanced narrow scope to a broad scope including the backward stratum;These changes laid the foundation for the further strengthening of the covert struggle, and prepared for the transition to "covert and capable, long-term ambush, accumulating strength, and waiting for the right time" in 1940. While developing and consolidating the organization, the provincial party committee made great efforts to widely publicize the party's anti-Japanese and democratic propositions to all walks of life.In order to facilitate the publicity of the party's principles and policies, with the approval of the central government, the name of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee was made public in Xi'an.At that time, Chiang Kai-shek did not recognize the Provincial Party Committee, but only the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the "Eighth Route Army Office".Zhou Enlai personally fought and worked to persuade Chiang Kai-shek to recognize the provincial party committee. From April to May 1937, the provincial party committee decided that Xu Bingru would be the public representative of the provincial party committee. The provincial party committee office should not be located in Xi'an, but in Yunyang Town near Xi'an, together with the Eighth Route Army office led by Ye Jianying and others. Worked in the name of the Ministry of Education of the Eighth Route Army Office.Xu Bingru served as the publisher of the provincial Party Committee's weekly "Northwest", and contacted and dealt with the secretary general of the Kuomintang Provincial Party Committee and the chief of the Northwest camp.With such a legal identity, it is much more convenient to publicize the masses.At that time, the identities of other provincial party leaders were not made public. The publication of the Provincial Party Committee's publication "Northwest" played a great role in publicizing the party's ideas, principles, and policies, mobilizing the people to fight against Japan, and mobilizing the masses.Jia Tuofu used the pen name of "Guan Feng", the head of the Provincial Party Committee, and published many articles in this publication.In addition, the Provincial Party Committee also organized the publication of the mass weekly "Salvation", which was edited by Xie Hua. Jia Tuofu also published many articles in the name of "Red Light".At the same time, he also ran many newspapers. Although the time was not long, the impact was great.From it, people learned about the anti-Japanese situation and the Communist Party's standpoints, enhanced their national consciousness, believed in and united closely around the Party, and supported and participated in the entire nation's anti-Japanese war. In order to mobilize people from all walks of life to participate in the Anti-Japanese War, the Provincial Party Committee organized and led a series of mass anti-Japanese groups, such as the "Northwest National Salvation Federation", "Students' National Salvation Federation", "Northwest Youth National Salvation Federation" and "Northwest Youth National Salvation Association". Federation" and the party's peripheral organization "National Liberation Vanguard" and so on.These organizations are not only the embodiment of the anti-Japanese national united front, but also an important force for the party to lead the masses to promote the anti-Japanese war.Especially before the end of 1938, the activities of these organizations were massive and far-reaching.Under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the Shaanxi Provincial Committee, the large Kuomintang-controlled area centered on Xi'an became an important area in the anti-Japanese struggle in the Northwest. In 1937, the "July 7th Incident" broke out. The tranquility of "Lugou Xiaoyue" was shattered by the guns of Japanese imperialism, "the Chinese nation has reached the most dangerous time."When the "people who do not want to be slaves" were forced to "let out their final roar" and determined to "build our new Great Wall with our flesh and blood", the eight-year national war of resistance against Japan finally broke out in full force.At this time, the work of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee became more intense and active. In order to mobilize the elders of the Sanqin to actively participate in the Anti-Japanese War of National Liberation, Jia Tuofu led the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee and the Xi'an Municipal Party Committee to organize patriotic and progressive teachers and students to form many "rural work groups" and "homecoming work groups" to the masses. Propaganda for anti-Japanese struggle in rural towns.A party group (similar to the current party group) or a temporary branch is set up within the working group to effectively lead the activities of the working group.The working group cooperates with the local underground party to assist in the establishment of anti-Japanese groups in rural areas, such as the "Minist Pioneers" and "Xiqing Rescue", absorb party members and establish party organizations.This not only greatly promoted the anti-Japanese national salvation movement, but also protected the safety of the party organization. This kind of vigorous anti-Japanese activities caused panic and anger among the Kuomintang reactionaries.They immediately issued a ban: all students who go to the countryside to carry out activities will be expelled from school; those who participate in activities in schools will be closed in an attempt to stifle the anti-Japanese movement of the people, thereby stifling the organization and activities of the Communist Party.In response to this situation, the Provincial Party Committee held a meeting at Xu Bingru's home in Xi'an, and decided to fight against the Kuomintang tit-for-tat, resolutely opposed the ban by the authorities, and at the same time dealt with the suppression of the reactionaries.After careful deployment, taking advantage of October 19th to commemorate the anniversary of Mr. Lu Xun's death, the Provincial Party Committee organized a memorial meeting for teachers and students in Xi'an City.The meeting was organized by a student organization. In the name of commemorating Mr. Lu Xun, the leader of a reactionary youth organization was specially appointed as the master of ceremonies, and a progressive youth was the chairman. Therefore, the authorities were not alerted at first.Tens of thousands of people attended the meeting.At the meeting, social celebrities, including Deng Yingchao and Jiang Longji, all spoke.For the first time, Jia Tuofu made public appearances in the name of the head of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee to promote the party's anti-Japanese proposition.When the Kuomintang authorities sensed something was wrong and sent military police to suppress it, he had already been escorted out of the venue by security personnel.During the meeting, a large number of declarations of the provincial party committee were distributed, calling on the masses to resist the ban of the authorities, and to publicize "resisting Japan is innocent and patriotic meritorious service".So, according to prior arrangements, with the participation of celebrities, the masses held a massive demonstration.The parade chanted anti-Japanese slogans, demanded that the ban be lifted, and marched to the Department of Education of the pseudo-government (the ban was issued by the Department of Education of the pseudo-government).The pseudo-director Zhou Bomin was so frightened that he hid in the provincial government, and the parade marched to the provincial government, surrounded the provincial chairman and the director of education, and questioned and protested, forcing the authorities to agree to the demands of the masses in public.The victory of this struggle greatly encouraged the people from all walks of life to fight against Japan, and also greatly enhanced the prestige of the Communist Party, and hit the reactionary arrogance of the Kuomintang authorities.Taking advantage of the momentum, the Provincial Party Committee immediately organized more than a hundred working groups to go to the countryside to carry out various anti-Japanese and national salvation activities, which were vigorous.In the Kuomintang-controlled area at the end of 1937, Gu Zhutong, the direct descendant of Chiang Kai-shek, was stationed in Shaanxi. The "National Day" Double Ten Day of the Kuomintang was just a few days away. It is really extraordinary to have such a situation.The party organization took this opportunity to vigorously restore, form and develop, and effectively promoted the anti-Japanese and national salvation mass struggles in the entire Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi regions. While organizing the masses to participate in the anti-Japanese struggle, the provincial party committee also paid attention to organically combining the immediate struggle with the long-term struggle tasks, and trained cadres for the revolutionary cause.At that time, because the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee actively implemented the Party Central Committee's policy of establishing a broad anti-Japanese national united front, effectively restored the party organization and launched a vigorous anti-Japanese and national salvation movement, the number of newly recruited party members increased dramatically.A large number of new cadres have emerged in organizations at all levels and mass organizations, and party members and cadres are in urgent need of training.The Provincial Party Committee immediately organized a special training class for party members and cadres, and the heads of the Provincial Party Committee gave lectures in person.Jia Tuofu talked about the party's anti-Japanese national united front, Ouyang Qin talked about the party's organization and program, Wang Feng talked about guerrilla warfare, and Zhao Boping talked about the democratic movement.During the period when the Provincial Party Committee was stationed in Yunyang, 10 training courses for party members and cadres were held successively, with 30-50 people in each session, and each session lasted about one month. Most of the cadres at and above the county level had received training.During the training period, for the sake of confidentiality, all trainees use pseudonyms, and are not allowed to reveal their hometowns and identities.This important measure has played an important role in improving the political and ideological level of party members and cadres, improving their working ability, and promoting the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Movement. At that time, a large number of activists emerged, especially a large number of young intellectuals.They are eager to learn revolutionary theory.In order to meet the needs of this revolution, Jia Tuofu and Ouyang Qin asked Feng Wenbin, the Youth Minister of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and director of the Northwest Youth Salvation Association who came to Yunyang, to assist the provincial party committee in training revolutionary youth.With the promise and support of Feng Wenbin, the wartime youth training class (ie youth training class) was established on October 11, 1937.After two sessions of training, the influence continued to expand, the number of students increased greatly, and the training class was moved to Anwu Fort, which was later called Anwu Youth Training Class.Chairman Mao listened to the report and affirmed this form and content.Since then, the youth training class has been changed to be led by the central government. In addition to the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee continuing to introduce students through various channels, it has also absorbed young people from all over the country and overseas Chinese.By the end of the youth training class in April 1940, a total of 12,000 people had been trained, and a large number of revolutionary seeds had been cultivated. This can also reflect the foresight and pioneering work of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee and Jia Tuofu.Including a large number of young intellectual cadres, such as Su Yiping, Dong Xueru, Cao Guanqun, Chen Fang, Chen Yin, etc., have participated in youth training classes.Many progressive youths and students were sent to Yan'an with the help of the Provincial Party Committee after participating in youth training classes, and many went directly to Xi'an and other places to participate in anti-Japanese and revolutionary work. In the anti-Japanese national united front, our party is independent.On the one hand, it actively promoted the Kuomintang to participate in the national resistance war against Japanese militarism, and at the same time, it fought tit-for-tat against its reactionary behavior of anti-communist and anti-people, creating friction, blockade, and encirclement of base areas, including armed resistance to the blockade and encirclement of the Kuomintang.Although the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee does not directly lead the army and armed struggle, it has also done a lot of work in order to cooperate with military activities.General Wang Zhen led the 359th Brigade to break through the encirclement and go southward. Some troops entered the border areas or went to the Kuomintang-controlled areas. The provincial party committee and underground party organizations did a lot of cover, support and cooperation. In 1939, the Party Central Committee decided to establish the Northwest Working Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and transferred Jia Tuofu back to Yan'an as a member and secretary.The West Working Committee not only leads the work of ethnic minorities in the five northwestern provinces, but also leads the work of the white areas in the five provinces. After the establishment of the Northwest Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in May 1941, the work of the Western Working Committee was merged into the Northwest Bureau.Later, the Northwest Bureau was composed of Gao Gang, Lin Boqu, He Long, Chen Zhengren, and Jia Tuofu. Jia Tuofu also served as secretary general and head of the United Front Work, and was still in charge of the leadership of the Northwest Underground Party.Therefore, although he left the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, he was still involved in leading the work of the underground party in Shaanxi until 1943, when Jatov took the leadership of the Northwest Finance and Economics Office. During this period, whether the central government convened the leaders of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee to report on the work, or the Politburo or the Secretariat to study the work in Shaanxi, Jia Tuofu participated and expressed his opinions. Some important instructions and documents were drafted by him and then submitted to the central government for approval and approval. Issued in the name of the central government. In August 1940, the Secretariat of the Central Committee made the "Decision of the Central Committee on the Work of Shaanxi", emphasizing that "considering the characteristics of the situation in Shaanxi, the Shaanxi Party must strictly implement the Party's concealed and lean policy, and strengthen the extensive ties between the Party, society and the masses to achieve The purpose of long-term ambush and accumulation of power." This meeting and the meeting decided that Jatov was involved in it. Here is a very interesting thing to tell: when Wuhan fell in October 1938, the Japanese imperialists’ policy towards the Kuomintang authorities changed from focusing on military strikes to political inducement. The Kuomintang authorities also made corresponding changes, passively resisting Japan, Actively anti-communist.Generally recruit members of the Three Youth League and compete with the Communist Party for youth.Township and Bao administrative personnel and school teaching personnel are forced to participate in the "political and educational personnel training class" rotation training to carry out anti-communist propaganda.The Provincial Party Committee decided at that time that qualified party members could join the Three Youth League, and party members in the administrative and educational circles could also participate in the "political and educational training class" in order to make their appearances "greyer" and activities more convenient.The Kuomintang also forcibly recruited a large number of Kuomintang members, which can not only implement the political measure of "the whole country is the party", but also isolate and expose the Communist Party members.This puts many Communist Party members in a difficult situation. If you agree to participate, you will violate your political beliefs, and party discipline will not allow it; if you refuse to participate or wait for the approval of the reporting organization before expressing your opinion, you will be exposed as a party member and risk losing your job.At a time when these party members and local organizations were in a dilemma, Jia Tuofu and other comrades of the Provincial Party Committee made a decisive decision: before receiving instructions from the Central Committee, when Communist Party members were forced to join the Kuomintang, either to obtain professional status or to facilitate their The KMT conducts open and legal struggles under the circumstances that the mass movement is arranged. As long as the identity of the Communist Party members is not exposed, they can join the KMT with the consent of the party organization, or report to the organization after joining.At the same time, it stipulates the discipline and matters that the Communist Party members should observe after joining the Kuomintang.Jatov then reported this approach to the central government.This bold decision combining principles and flexibility is a good move in the tit-for-tat struggle between the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee and the Kuomintang authorities. It is not only conducive to the concealment of party members' identities, but also facilitates the anti-Japanese and revolutionary activities, and is conducive to the long-term underground party members. Ambush, long-term accumulation of party organization power.The harsh practice of underground struggle proved the correctness and universal significance of this decision. In May 1940, Chairman Mao Zedong wrote instructions for the Central Committee to the Southeast Bureau and distributed them to various regions. It clearly stated: "When a party member is forced to join the party by the Kuomintang, join it." In January 1939, after the Fifth Plenary Session of the Fifth Central Committee of the Kuomintang formulated a set of policies of "dissolving, preventing, restricting, and anti-communist" policies, Jatov had a premonition that the Kuomintang would inevitably launch a full-scale civil war in the future, so before he left the provincial party committee, he In one speech, he repeatedly emphasized that underground party members should hide well and prepare their forces. He also borrowed the language from "Water Margin" and said: "Open the city gate and put the suspension bridge" when necessary in the future.This spirit is completely consistent with the sixteen-character policy of "covering up and being capable, long-term ambush, accumulating strength, and waiting for the right time" put forward by the Party Central Committee. Such a decision, which seems almost logical today, was not simple at the time and required a lot of courage.We have no intention of exploring who invented and implemented this policy first, but we can be sure that while vigorously developing the anti-Japanese national united front and actively implementing the party's anti-Japanese national salvation line and policy, Jatov and the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee have the power to protect the party. He has a deep awareness of the organization, has the consciousness of long-term struggle thinking, and also shows a high art of struggle for independent work.The reason why I say this is because I don’t know whether these decisions are related to the later claim that the Shaanxi Party is a “Red Banner Party” and has implemented Wang Ming’s line?It is also not known whether the historical merits of these creative and bold works will become a factor that has a negative effect on him in the later inner-party struggles. In September 1941, Chen Yun presided over the symposium, and Jia Tuofu (then head of the United Front Work of the Northwest Bureau), Ouyang Qin (then deputy secretary-general of the Northwest Bureau), Zhang Bangying (then deputy director of the Organization Department of the Northwest Bureau) and others listened together. Report and jointly study how to preserve the core members of the party under the situation of serious anti-communist activities of the Kuomintang, so that the conspiracy of the Kuomintang secret agents to destroy the secret party organization and try to "sweep it all" cannot succeed; Long-term ambush, accumulating strength, and waiting for the opportunity" is the 16-character policy.After many discussions and studies, Chen Yun wrote a draft resolution for the central government. On December 28, 1941, Chairman Mao presided over a Politburo meeting to discuss the Central Committee's decision on Shaanxi work.After the meeting, Jatov was tasked with organizing the contents of the meeting into documents.After this document was reported to the Central Committee, it was revised and finalized by Chairman Mao, and according to Chairman Mao's proposal, the document was issued in the name of the Northwest Bureau, that is, "Decision of the Northwest Bureau on Shaanxi Work."This decision played a very important role in implementing the 16-character policy for the Shaanxi Party, consolidating the Party organization, preserving the backbone, persisting in long-term struggle, and avoiding large-scale destruction by the enemy again. During the "Cultural Revolution", some people used Gao Gang as the secretary of the Northwest Bureau at that time as an excuse to slander this "decision" as "a black instruction from Gao Gang's black Northwest Bureau" and completely negate it. It is really ridiculous! Here, we add a small episode: Not long after the Shaanxi Provincial Committee arrived in Yunyang, Jia Tuofu became sick from overwork, suffered from lung disease, coughed badly, and became withered and thin.He once took the opportunity of work to go to Xi'an to see a doctor as a businessman.The doctor asked him to pay attention to nutrition and rest, and said sarcastically: "Boss Jia, don't risk your life to make money in business. What's the benefit of having more things?" He also predicted that he would live for a year at most.Jia Tuofu said with a pun: "My family has a lot to do. Even if I work hard on this business, I have to keep going! What I earn is something outside of me, but it is real to everyone. So many people want to eat and eat. What can I do to get dressed?" Jatov was not intimidated by the illness, but worked harder.Comrades saw that he always worked hard with all his heart and soul, and felt distressed and encouraged.At that time, the conditions in the office were poor and there was no small stove. He ate and drank the same as everyone else, but he added one more thing for himself: eat a lot of garlic and eat more "foreign persimmons" (tomatoes), and he survived.A year later, he went to see the doctor again, but the doctor himself died of tuberculosis himself.Jia Tuofu later said humorously: "Garlic reduces inflammation, and fresh persimmons are vitamins. Combined with work therapy, it is much better than that doctor. You see, I got better, but he went first." Historical facts eloquently prove that under the harsh environment, the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee has done a lot of fruitful work to implement the Party Central Committee's line, principles, and policies, and to promote and lead the anti-Japanese struggle of the people in the Kuomintang-controlled areas of Shaanxi.As the secretary of the Provincial Party Committee, Jia Tuofu has been involved in leading the work of the Shaanxi Party and has achieved success.At that time, he was not yet 30 years old, although under the extremely complicated conditions of underground struggle, there were various shortcomings in his work.However, these struggles and achievements are, after all, an aspect of the entire struggle of the Chinese Communist Party in the first few years of the War of Resistance Against Japan, an organic part of the whole.Moreover, because Shaanxi is located near the northern Shaanxi base area, it is a place that had an important influence on the occurrence of the "Xi'an Incident" and the promotion of the United Front. The Kuomintang created friction, blocked the key areas for encirclement and suppression, and attacked the anti-Japanese forces.Therefore, this aspect, this component, has its special meaning.The Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee and collective leadership headed by comrades such as Jia Tuofu, united as one, led the vast number of party organizations, party members and revolutionary masses in Shaanxi, and made an indelible contribution to the entire anti-Japanese struggle. However, with regard to the work of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, Kang Sheng, who has always appeared as an extreme "leftist" and is good at creating internal conflicts, provoking struggles, and punishing people, even slandered the Shaanxi Party as a "false party" during the rectification movement in Yan'an. ", slandered as the "Red Banner Party" that carried out Wang Ming's right opportunist line. At that time, Jia Tuofu, Ouyang Qin, Wang Feng, and Zhao Boping, who worked in the Northwest Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, resolutely withstood the slander against the Shaanxi party organization with eloquent facts, maintained the party organization, and protected a large number of comrades. The plot of Kang Sheng and others failed.It should be said that this is another contribution made by Jatov and others to the party's cause, party organization and party cadres on another front. However, the matter did not completely pass with the end of the rectification movement.At the Lushan Conference in 1959, Kang Sheng once again used the "magic weapon" to punish people, revisited the old accounts, and provided "cannonballs" to Chairman Mao Zedong's strategy of "treating people as well as things."Because in 1959, when Jia Tuofu served as deputy director of the State Planning Commission and deputy secretary of the party group, he raised opinions on issues such as the Great Leap Forward, high indicators, and the imbalance of the national economy, which could not be comprehensively balanced, and was considered to be on the side of Peng Dehuai, Huang Kecheng, Zhang Wentian and Zhou Xiaozhou were also included in the criticism.When Chairman Mao Zedong listed the history of Peng, Zhang and others who "cooperated three-points and did not cooperate seven points" at the meeting, he mentioned that "at that time, the Shaanxi Party did not listen to me, but to Wang Ming." Jatuofu also has to deal with things and people, talk about the present as well as history. This period of history of the Shaanxi party organization has never been seriously investigated as a formal issue in the past, nor has a formal conclusion been drawn. It should be said that it is a topic that does not exist at all.However, how to correctly carry out inner-party struggles and how to treat people and events objectively so as to make them more beneficial to the cause of the party and the people are still frequently encountered problems. The Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee restored at the end of 1936 was approved and appointed by the Party Central Committee and directly led by the Party Central Committee.The "CCP Liaison Office" led by Zhou Enlai and Ye Jianying (later changed to the "Eighth Route Army Office"), as well as leaders such as Zhou Enlai, Ye Jianying, Dong Biwu, and Lin Boqu, all personally guided the work. The central government directly reports and obtains instructions.And Wang Ming is the head of the Yangtze River Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and does not lead the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee. In this regard, the organizational relationship is very clear.Jia Tuofu and other leaders of the Provincial Party Committee have never worked with Wang Ming, nor was he under his leadership.As for Wang Ming passing through Xi'an, speaking at the Eighth Route Army office, and having contact with Jia Tuofu, these are all normal phenomena. How can they be used as the basis for the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee to implement Wang Ming's right-leaning opportunist line? For a period of time in 1937, the Provincial Party Committee organized more activities publicly, mainly to use the united front to mobilize more people to participate in the Anti-Japanese War and expand the influence of the Communist Party.However, public work and covert work are always differentiated and combined.Organizing and propagating the masses also insists on independence, and always struggles with the reactionaries. It is not "all through the united front" or "all subject to the united front".At that time, the Shaanxi Party organization was powerful. There were Party organizations and activists working among the workers and peasants, among the young intellectuals, among the top figures, and even inside the enemy army. This was the basis for the United Front.When the party organization wants to organize large-scale actions, it can generally proceed smoothly.This just shows the actual achievements of the Shaanxi party organization in implementing the central line and guidelines.Later, the Kuomintang authorities banned the activities of more than a dozen anti-Japanese mass organizations in Shaanxi. One important reason was that they were influenced and led by the Communist Party and could not be controlled by the authorities.These facts show that the Shaanxi party organization is not only not influenced by Wang Ming's line, but just proves that it adheres to the line and policy of the Communist Party's independence and struggle.Otherwise, why can't the Shaanxi party organization be wiped out and always have the strength to fight against the enemy until victory? Some people regard participating in the "Design Committee" as an important manifestation of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee's implementation of Wang Ming's line, and it is necessary to make a specific analysis of this.According to the memories of some old comrades who worked in the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee at that time, including Zhao Boping, Xu Bingru, Wang Feng and others: In order to limit the activities of the Communist Party, the Kuomintang wanted to cancel the "Northwest Salvation Congress" headed by the progressive Yang Mingxuan, and reorganize and expand it to "Northwest Salvation Congress". "Design Committee", including some mass organizations led by the Communist Party, in an attempt to completely control it.Regarding whether to participate in the design committee, the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee has not formed a formal resolution.Jia Tuofu once pointed out: "The so-called design committee means that someone set up a trick to trick us." After Bogu and other leaders agreed, Xu Bingru and Xie Hua joined the design committee.The Provincial Party Committee believes that some public figures can get a hold of the situation and carry out some legal struggles by participating in it.None of the leading members of the Provincial Party Committee disclosed their identities, and the Provincial Party Committee has many other independent forms and channels of struggle, which have not been denied.后来，一经中央指出这种做法有错误，省委立即召开群众大会，贾拓夫以省委负责人“关锋”的名义作了报告，揭露国民党破坏统一战线的行为，作了公开纠正。 1938年，贾拓夫参加中共中央六届六中全会后回到省委，召开会议，传达贯彻中央精神，集中力量批判了王明右倾路线。党中央书记处在1940年发出的《中央关于陕西工作的决定》中，也明确指出：“陕西党过去三年多的工作是有成绩的，最近一年来开始了一些巩固党的工作。”1942年，毛主席在高干会上也明确指出：“陕西省委在1937年有一段极短的时间受到王明的影响，但一经中央指出，很快就改正过来了。”关于陕西省委这段局部的工作，在当时，并未能造成大的影响和实际损失。1942年整风期间，也未得出什么结论。但在解放后，康生等人还是利用它做文章，以达到其整人的目的。遗憾的是毛泽东主席也受了康生的影响。 历史经验证明，对于党内过去的“是非恩怨”，多一些历史的、客观的分析，少一些借题发挥，少翻一些历史旧账，少一些“对事也要对人”，少一些“批评现实也要'联系过去'，'挖掘历史'”，对于党内正确开展批评与自我批评，正确进行党内不同意见的争论，以至正确开展党内斗争，纠正错误，团结同志，共同完成新的斗争任务，是大有好处的。相反，纠缠历史旧账，计较过去的恩怨是非，不仅难以从根本上统一是非认识，还会伤害同志，破坏党内团结，于党的事业决非有利。应当说，我们党的这类教训是不少的。 我们这样叙述和评论贾拓夫这一段的历史，不仅因为这一段是贾拓夫本人独立领导一方面工作的一个重要时期，而且，这对他后来的工作产生了微妙的影响。最后，他还是“倒”在了党内路线斗争之中，而陕西的这一段，又是被歪曲后联系起来认定的，不能不说是一个很大的遗憾！