Chapter 2 ○1. Aspiring teenagers seek the truth to save the people

As the saying goes: Three years old is old, seven years old is old.This is of course not enough training.Later life, the social environment in the process of growing up, the content and degree of education received, especially the level of integration between the individual and society, should have more critical influence on people.However, many people forget a lot of things when they are adults, but they still remember many things when they were young.It can be seen that the life and education of teenagers and children still have an important impact on people.The so-called "children of the poor headed home early" probably also includes this factor.

Jia Tuofu was born in a poor family in Shenmu County, Shaanxi Province. Jia Tuofu's grandfather was called Jia Laiwang, but he was not prosperous in the next life. He didn't even have half a field. He made a living by killing pigs and sheep, and managing dead donkeys and horses.Butchers in the old society belonged to the lower class, needless to say their social status, their business was cold and dull, and their lives were naturally very poor.After a year of hard work, there is little income, and the family cannot afford food and clothing.Jia Tuofu's father, Jia Kuanhou, longed for a "generous" family background, no longer inheriting his father's business, and abandoned slaughtering for business.It is based on debt and operated by hawkers, traveling between Inner Mongolia and Shenmu.The business of this small profit is also very sluggish.When things go well, you can earn a little money to support your family;The whole family lives on behalf of their grandmothers and mothers, brewing sauce and vinegar, and selling them along the street, barely making ends meet with small profits.In this way, year after year, my father contracted lung disease due to overwork and was unable to heal him, so he could only watch him die in his prime and leave home.

On November 25, 1912 (October 17 of the lunar calendar), Jatov was born in such a family. It was a time of ups and downs and turbulence. Ignorance and civilization, backwardness and progress, aggression and resistance, oppression and resistance, reaction and revolution repeatedly fought fiercely, one after another. In 1911, the 1911 Revolution led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen overthrew the decadent and declining Qing Dynasty, and finally ended China's 5,000-year history of feudal rule.However, less than three months after the Nanjing government, where Sun Yat-sen became president, proclaimed the founding of the Republic of China, the fruits of the 1911 Revolution were usurped by Yuan Shikai, a thief from the country.Under the pressure of imperialist guns, Yuan Shikai's government, representing the big landlord and big comprador class, signed a series of unequal treaties with Japan, Russia, Britain, France, Italy and other countries that humiliated the country.The disaster-ridden Chinese people continue to suffer from the dual oppression of feudalism and imperialism, and are increasingly plunged into unprecedented dire straits.

Northern Shaanxi, the yellow land that once gave birth to the ancient civilization of the Chinese nation, is even more barren and poor.The Shenmu and northern Shaanxi areas, which had been suffering nine droughts for ten years, became more and more destitute at this time, starving and dying everywhere.It was in such an age and such a place that Jatov came to the world.As soon as he was born, he and his family struggled on the poverty line. Jia Tuofu's original name was Jia Yaozu, also known as Hongguang, styled Xiaoguang and Fuxi, and he was the eldest, with two younger brothers and two younger sisters.The eldest sister, Jia Yuelin, was sold by her opium-smoking husband shortly after she got married, and passed away soon after.The eldest brother, Jia Hongxi, fell ill when he was six or seven years old. Because he had no money for medical treatment, he was killed by the disease.The second younger sister, Jia Kemin, was born in a year of great famine, and her grandmother said cruelly, "In these days, the existing family can't support them. How can I afford to add another girl to eat? Why don't you tell her to return to the west as soon as possible?" , so as not to live and suffer." As he spoke, he reluctantly picked up his newborn granddaughter, and was going to put him in the potty and drown him.The mother was really reluctant to part with the meat that fell from her body, and knelt down in front of her mother-in-law and begged bitterly.The family cried together, and finally decided to keep this little life.Later, a second brother, Jia Guangzhong, was added. Grandma always felt that the population was too large to bear, but seeing that it was a boy, she hoped that there was another hope, so she loved it very much.

Soon after Guangzhong was born, his father passed away.From then on, the whole family depended on their grandmothers and mothers to brew vinegar and make sauce, and sold it on the street.The two little-footed women worked hard all day long from morning to night, in wind and rain, but they were still destitute and overwhelmed.Often there is no overnight food at home, and people are afraid of illness, so they can only beg God and suffer through the years. Jia Tuofu's mother, Yu Shi, escaped from Shandong with her family and lived in Shenmu, Shaanxi. She married Jia's family at the age of 15.This peasant woman is frugal, industrious, kind-hearted, honest and open-minded (perhaps it has something to do with her running a small business and contacting all walks of life).He treats his children strictly and earnestly. In order to raise them, in addition to working hard in adulthood, he also cut down on food and clothing. He sold all his wedding jewelry and borrowed money to pay for his eldest son to go to school.She also earnestly warned Jia Tuofu: Don't forget that you are the child of the poor, and you must fight for the suffering.After learning, do things for the poor and seek justice.Later, Jatov participated in the revolution. This kind mother supported her son wholeheartedly and did a lot of work for the revolution.At that time, many Communist Party members who were active in the Dongsheng area of ​​Shenfu knew her, and under her cover, her home became a secret contact point.Yunze (Wulanfu), Gao Gang, Zhao Tongru, Wang Zhaoxiang, etc. often meet at her home and eat the meals she cooks.She was arrested by Kuomintang agents because of the informant. She had a pair of small feet, put on iron shackles, and was tortured in the reactionary prison for several months.The enemy coaxed her hard and softly, forcing her to tell about the "communist bandits" and the names of the people who had a meeting at her home.The old man was very strong, and never gave any "useful" information, and the enemy finally found nothing.After being rescued by the underground party organization, he was released on bail and returned home.After the Red Army's 25,000-mile Long March, the Party Central Committee established a solid base in northern Shaanxi.As the working environment allowed, Jia Tuofu once lived in Yan'an with his mother.But this working woman was unwilling to add burdens to the organization and distract her son, and was not used to living a life without much work, so she returned to her hometown and lived the poor life she was used to. In March 1943, she was taken to Yan'an due to illness, and later died in Yan'an due to ineffective treatment.The Northwest Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a memorial service for her, calling her "the mother of the revolution."

Jia Tuofu was gifted and intelligent since he was a child, active and thoughtful, quick-tempered, able to sing and love to sing.Every time he learns a role in a drama, he uses a horn with a long handle as a broadsword, and a string of corn tassels as a beard.Everyone loves Youjia, and gave him the nickname "Jia Bulianzi", which means an active and active boy.Strange to say, this child played carefree and had a good time, but when he calmed down, he was thoughtful and often asked: Why can some people have enough food and clothing without working?Why are so many people suffering from scarcity (suffering and suffering), or are they still living a bad life?Father said it was fate, but he asked: What is fate?When studying in the county model primary school, his grades were always among the best.When studying, you can concentrate and work hard.After finishing homework, he will help adults take care of younger siblings, collect firewood and water, and do housework.The villagers all said: "This baby is promising, and it will not be easy when he grows up."

In the autumn of 1925, Jia Tuofu was admitted to the county higher primary school with honors.At this time, he had extensive contact with advanced teachers and students, while studying hard at homework, while reading advanced books and periodicals of ancient and modern literature.Perhaps it is related to his high thirst for knowledge and his temperament of thinking. , gradually developed a strong interest, not only like to read and watch, but also like hunger and thirst.In this way, he began to accept the enlightenment education of communism when he felt unfair to the world. In the summer of 1926, Zhang Xuejing (that is, Zhang Youqing, a member of the Communist Party), a student traveling abroad in Shenmu County, visited relatives and returned to his hometown during the summer vacation. He called Jia Tuofu and other progressive students together to post slogans in urban and rural areas, give speeches in rallies, and publicize revolutionary principles.During these activities, Jatov received practical education and training, and his consciousness was greatly improved.Soon, under the organization and introduction of Zhang Xuejing, Jia Tuofu, Wang Binzhi, Wang Xiangshan, Zhang Weibin and others joined the Chinese Communist Youth League and established the first branch of the Communist Youth League in Shenmu County. Jia Tuofu served as the branch secretary to further develop organized revolutionary activity.They actively led the activities of students in the county against Christianity oppressing the people, known as the "Abolish the Foundation" movement.He also mobilized and organized the masses to sue the corrupt official and county magistrate Pang Ren'an, liquidated the money embezzled by the evil gentry Qiao Ji in the Limin Bureau, and cracked down on local corrupt officials, local tyrants and evil gentry, and became a very active and influential "little red element" in Shenmu County. .

In the autumn of 1926, Jia Tuofu was admitted to Shaanxi Provincial Suide Fourth Normal School.The principal Li Zizhou is one of the founders of the Shaanxi party organization, Chang Hansan is a member of the Communist Party, the director of educational affairs Yang Mingxuan (the chairman of the National Democratic League after liberation) is a progressive person who sympathizes with and supports the revolution, and many of the teachers are the backbone of the regiment.This school was not only a well-known "institution of higher learning" in northern Shaanxi at that time, but also became a famous cradle of revolution.Jia Tuofu, Liu Lantao, Chang Lifu, Cui Yuhu, Lei Wuzhai, etc. are all the students of the seventh class who are most prominent in progressive activities, and they are also members of the "Book Club", a peripheral organization of the party.Bai Rubing, Bai Shoukang, Bai Jian, Zhang Desheng, Zhu Xiafu, Zhang Dazhi, Bai Jiefu and many other leading party cadres all studied in this school and fought in this school.Students are often led by teachers to carry out propaganda activities in the countryside, teaching farmers to sing "Get rid of warlords, get rid of warlords, work hard for the national revolution, work hard for the national revolution, and work together." They also hold civilian schools to teach young people outside the school to learn culture and promote them Revolutionary truth.In this very active team, Jia Tuofu is the best. He is outstanding in learning, active in sports, and outstanding in talent. He often writes new poems and novels in combination with the situation.His articles are often posted in the school column as a demonstration.He also quickly won the reputation of "Four Masters and New Flowers".

Then, Jia Tuofu was elected as the secretary of the Suide Normal League branch and the secretary of the Suide County Youth League Committee.Under the direct leadership of the Suide Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China (whose leader is a hidden teacher in the school), the school was promoted to establish a student self-government association.Through the improvement of teachers and students in various primary schools, the Suide County Student Union was established, and Jia Tuofu served as the chairman of the Student Union.They went deep into all walks of life and assisted in the establishment of mass organizations such as farmers' associations, business people's associations, and northern Shaanxi youth associations, combining the student movement with the mass revolutionary movement, and played a pioneering role in the raging revolutionary storm in northern Shaanxi.

Jatov not only showed extremely high revolutionary enthusiasm, but also showed strong perseverance.Because of his poor family, he has no money, so he often has no food when he goes out for activities.But he was hungry and insisted on attending all the activities.For a period of time, his legs got sick and he walked with a limp. His classmates jokingly called him "Jia Guaizi".Persuading him to rest, he smiled and shook his head, gritted his teeth to bear the pain, leaned on a wooden stick, and insisted on crossing mountains and valleys with everyone to carry out publicity activities, which won the admiration of his classmates.

Unexpectedly, the situation changed suddenly. On April 12, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek launched a counter-revolutionary coup, massacred communists crazily, and brutally suppressed the revolutionary movement.The situation suddenly reversed, and a wave of white terror quickly swept across northern Shaanxi.Suide Fourth Normal School, known as the "Red School", has also changed.The principal, academic dean, and many Communist Party teachers (whose identities have not been disclosed) were replaced.Under the guidance of the party organization, Jia Tuofu and others responded to emergencies and launched a struggle.They led the student union, organized a strike against the authorities, and opposed the dismissal of principals and teachers.Jia Tuofu personally wrote many propaganda materials and sent them to primary and secondary schools in counties in northern Shaanxi, exposing the crimes of the Kuomintang reactionaries, calling on students and the masses to unite, defy violence, and launch a political struggle against the reactionaries, new warlords, and evil gentry.At a critical juncture, Jia Tuofu assisted the underground party to burn a batch of party and league documents in the Gaojia ancestral hall (underground party office) outside the east wall of the school to protect the party's secrets.He also helped Guan Zhongzhe, Lei Wuzhai, Zhao Shaoxi and other revolutionary teachers pack their bags and escorted them out of the school. In order to disintegrate the revolutionary foundation of the "Fourth Division of Suide", the reactionary authorities mobilized troops, led by the head of the regiment Liu Jianmin, surrounded the school and burned all progressive books; forcibly appointed reactionary literati Liu Hanzhang as the new principal; "; announced that "the old students at all levels will return home during the Qing Party period. Since the reorganization, they will be recruited again, and they will carefully obtain the proof of guarantee, and there must be no ambiguity"; change the curriculum, stop the "peasant movement" and "military", and add "Civic education"; at the same time, the student self-government association was banned in an attempt to destroy progressive student organizations.Jia Tuofu, Liu Lantao, Chang Lifu, Zhang Shide (Desheng), Zhu Jiafu, Zhang Dazhi, Bai Jian, Tian Zuoqin, Wu Zhiyuan and other party and youth students united progressive youth, organized student unions, and fought against each other.They try to protect each other so that students who have not left their hometowns can enter the school as usual.The school tried to suppress the students by taking the "civics class" exam, and promoted the "public morality" of the Kuomintang reactionaries.Jatuofu saw through his conspiracy, and immediately colluded with the students through the student union, organized a "hand in blank paper" movement, and expressed a silent protest.Their core struggle is to firmly oppose the abolition of the student union.As the main initiator of this reasoning struggle, Jia Tuofu sternly pointed out to the principal: "The student self-government association is an organization for students to manage themselves. It is only for studying and managing life affairs. It should have been what Principal Liu wished for, why should it be banned?" The principal couldn't answer correctly, so he had to admit it face-to-face.The student union is still in charge of Jatov and others.The struggle was victorious, and the classmates were greatly encouraged. Jia Tuofu also became a man of the school and a prestigious student leader. In order to encourage everyone to continue to struggle, Jatov posted a quote from Sun Yat-sen in the dormitory: "The revolution has not yet succeeded, comrades still have to work hard." Another group member added a banner below it saying "Struggle for the revolution, although close relatives can fight it with a knife and a gun".The reactionaries instigated the backward students to ask: "What does this mean?" Jia Tuofu calmly replied: "Writing the last words of the father of the country, inheriting the will of the father of the country, and remembering the voice and appearance of the father of the country, what is wrong? Why not?" The other party was speechless and embarrassed and go. In April 1928, the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China held the first meeting of party members in northern Shaanxi in Xichuan, Suide (in today's Zizhou County), and established the Northern Shaanxi Special Committee of the Communist Party of China.Secretary of the Special Committee Du Heng (later arrested and rebelled) forced the Suide Teachers College Student Self-Government Association to launch a student protest, instructing "not to let the school be peaceful", in order to show opposition to the "rightist".Anyone who disagrees will be punished within the party.The student union started a class strike on the grounds of framing and expelling students from the school, which persisted for more than a week.The principal Liu Hanzhang became furious and colluded with a company of the garrison Jiang Meisheng Regiment, suddenly surrounded the school, announced the closure of the school, banned the student union, expelled a group of student leaders including Jia Tuofu, Liu Zhengwu, Wang Bengao, and Wu Zhiyuan, and ordered them to leave the school immediately.Du Heng's left-leaning reckless action caused serious losses to the revolutionary struggle. The Suide Normal University, a revolutionary stronghold, was closed for more than two months and was cleaned up.From then on, Jatov ended his student life, went to the society, and embarked on the road of professional revolution. Looking back on Jatov's youthful experience, we still believe that the times make heroes.Revolutionary years create revolutionaries.But heroes are a minority after all, only those who understand the realities of life, pursue social righteousness, believe in revolutionary truth, do not seek their own interests, combine themselves in the struggle for the majority of the people, and are brave and firm, diligent in learning and thinking, and keep making progress Only those who can become true revolutionaries can become people with lofty ideals who benefit the people of society.Of course, Jatov was still an immature young man at this time, and he was only inspired by the waves of the times to embark on this bright and thorny road.