Chapter 2 preface

In front of me, there are six thin diaries of different sizes and colors.The corners of the diary have been frayed, showing a jagged appearance.The covers are all written "Military Diary", marked with the year, month, number, and a simple pattern with a red five-pointed star.The first diary is a brown soft cover, from January 1 to December 31, 1933; the second is a yellow exercise book, from January 1 to December 31, 1934 ; the third is a slightly larger exercise book, and the top is reinforced with paper rope, from January 1, 1935 to June 30, 1935; burrows and gnawed curved groove marks.The fourth is from July 1, 1935 to April 30, 1936.The fifth is from May 1, 1936 to September 30, 1936.The sixth is from October 1, 1936 to December 16, 1936.That is to say, "Diary in the Army" can be divided into three parts: "Diary of the Central Soviet Area", "Diary of the Long March" and "Diary of Northern Shaanxi".

I carefully opened the diary from 70 years ago, and noticed that all kinds of sketches were drawn before the first day of each month, similar to posters of posters.The top half of the first book has signs of being soaked in water. It may have been exposed to rain or dropped into the water and quickly picked it up.Diaries are written using different types of pens in different colors.Written with red, blue, and black pens; written with red, blue, and black pencils.Sometimes it is written with water-diluted blue fountain pen—light blue characters—this is my experience when I was in junior high school.However, most of the diaries are still written in black pencils, so that some pencil words are quite blurred, and it is difficult to read them with squinting eyes.It can be seen that the supply of fountain pens was still in short supply at that time, or it was inconvenient to carry when marching and fighting.

I looked at the first page of my dad's first "Military Diary", and there were two lines of big characters written vertically with a red ink pen: "No matter how busy you are, don't forget this matter!" The page reads in blue ink: "'When the Red Army is glorious', then life in the Red Army is the most glorious life. This is my motivation for keeping a diary." I know that when my father was studying at Changting Xinqiao Normal School, he joined the Red Army in early June 1930 under the leadership of the teacher Communist Party member Huang Yaguang during the upsurge of the Land Revolution in the Central Soviet Area.He was three months shy of turning 16 at the time.Due to his good performance in the marching study, he was introduced by Gao Chuanlin, the political training team of the Fourth Red Army, and took an oath to join the Communist Party in late June.Soon, Captain Liu, the political training captain of the Fourth Red Army and secretary of the party committee of the directly affiliated organization, talked to his father and was transferred to the team headquarters to do a thousand things for the party committee of the organization.Responsible for sending and receiving documents, making meeting minutes, writing wax and mimeograph documents, etc.The name is an officer, and the work is a secretarial nature.From then on, Dad started a long career as a secretary.

"So, from joining the Red Army in June 1930 to December 31, 1932, why didn't you write a military diary?" I asked my father. My father said: "At that time, the Red Army was marching and fighting under the slogan of 'Let's attack Nanchang and Jiujiang, join forces in Wuhan', but when I first joined the army, I lacked exercise and suffered from dysentery and malaria successively. Weak and tired, except for barely keeping up with the troops, he has no energy to keep a diary. 1931 was the year of the most intense fighting, smashing the enemy's "encirclement and suppression" one, two, and three times in a row. In 1932, immediately after the attempted attack on Ganzhou, Jiangxi The Eastern Expedition to Zhangzhou, Fujian, achieved a great victory, and soon returned to Jiangxi, preparing to meet the enemy's new "encirclement and suppression". Although there are rich combat life to remember, it has never been realized."

I once heard my father say that he had the habit of keeping a diary when he was studying in Xinqiao Normal University. The teacher Huang Yaguang read his diary and found that his father was dissatisfied with the old society at that time, so he consciously inspired and guided him to show him his progress. Books, teaching and singing Russian songs, talk about how the Soviet Union established the dictatorship of the proletariat, and how the Chinese Communist Party is leading the Red Army to fight against Chiang Kai-shek, local tyrants, and divide the land to establish a Soviet government.This laid the ideological foundation for Dad to join the Red Army and join the Communist Party.

Dad was 16 to 18 years old at that time, that is, a high school student now, and he was experiencing the tempering of life in the frequent marches and battles and the entanglement of diseases. Dad said: "At the beginning of 1933, the Soviet area developed to the Lichuan area in Jiangxi, and the enemy's fourth "encirclement and suppression" was preparing. Determined to start writing "Military Diary", I urged myself at the beginning with "No matter how busy I am, I will never forget this matter!" From January 1 of that year, I insisted on writing it every day, including the entire Long March, until 1936 On December 16, 1999, I followed Comrade Zhou Enlai to Xi'an to work and then stopped."

I opened the sixth "Military Diary" and the last article was on December 16, 1936. It was recorded like this: "Vice Chairman Zhou and others flew from Yan'an to Xi'an." I know, it was to solve the Xi'an Incident up. Dad said: "The discipline stipulates that it is not allowed to keep a diary in the Kuomintang ruled area, so from this day on, I bid farewell to the dear Red Army who raised me and ended my "Diary in the Army." Before Xi'an, my father handed "Military Diary" to Chairman Mao's secretary Ye Zilong for safekeeping. "How did the "Military Diary" survive the anti-'encirclement and suppression' campaign in the Central Soviet Area and the Long March?" I asked again.

Dad said: "In February 1933, I served as the secretary of the Political Department of the First Red Army Corps. The Red Army won a big victory in the fourth "encirclement and suppression" campaign against Huangban and seized many spoils. Director Luo Ronghuan decided to send them to me. A Parker pen with a red pole and a picture capsule, this pen encouraged me to keep writing a diary for four years, and the picture capsule allowed me to completely preserve 6 copies of "Military Diary" in Baoan, northern Shaanxi." Readers will definitely ask, during the "Cultural Revolution", was "Diary in the Army" not copied by the rebels?At that time, I was already a college student, and I was studying at the Beijing Petroleum Institute. I still remember clearly the events during the "Cultural Revolution". "Military Diary" and related historical photos can be preserved intact, one is due to living in Zhongnanhai, and the other is thanks to an order from Premier Zhou.

In 1958, my father was transferred from the Secretary-General of the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee to the Director of the Premier’s Office of the State Council and the Deputy Secretary-General of the State Council. Therefore, my family of five moved from the compound of the United Front Work Department at No. 135 Fuyou Street to the “Civil Affairs Bureau” of the State Council in Zhongnanhai. The Civil Affairs Bureau of the government) shared a large courtyard with the homes of the other two deputy secretary-generals. In 1963, my family moved to a long courtyard to the west of the State Council Auditorium. In the summer of 1966, in order to receive the Red Guards, my family moved to a square courtyard near the north gate. It was not until 1968 that my father was quarantined and moved out of Zhongnanhai.

On June 4, 1966, Premier Zhou talked to his father: "The central government has decided to transfer you to the Central Office as the first deputy director." My father had to resolutely obey, and he went to work in the Central Office in two days, and also served as the Central Office secretary general.Since my father was with the Prime Minister and refused to listen to Jiang Qing's fallacious theory of "beating, smashing and looting", the rebel "Zhongnanhai Rebel Group" in the Central Office announced on January 24, 1967 that he had taken away my father's power.From then on, Dad worked, criticized and inspected under the supervision of the "rebels".However, after all, Zhongnanhai is where the Party Central Committee and the State Council work, where many central leaders live, and where Chairman Mao lives. This must not be disturbed.Therefore, at the beginning of the "Cultural Revolution", when the Red Guards were colluding with each other everywhere, in order to maintain a quiet working environment in Zhongnanhai, Zhou Enlai ordered: "Rebels" in Zhongnanhai are not allowed to collude with Red Guards in Zhongnanhai, and the outside world cannot The Red Guards were introduced from Zhongnanhai.Because the "rebel group" in Zhongnanhai was not powerful, they didn't dare to make too much trouble, and they didn't dare to raid our home.Once, several "rebels" came to my house and wanted to cut out or put "x" on the photos of Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De, Deng Xiaoping, Yang Shangkun, and Li Weihan, the so-called "counter-revolutionary revisionists".My father and mother argued with them, saying that these are historical materials and should not be destroyed casually, and conclusions cannot be made based on big-character posters, and they disagreed with cutting them off or putting "x" on them.It’s not okay to persist like this. After all, my father has been through the storm for a long time, and he came up with a brilliant idea. He suggested that they can all be sealed up and moved upstairs to the Secretariat Bureau for storage. In the future, they will ask the central leadership to decide how to deal with it.How could these "rebels" be my father's opponents? They had no choice but to agree, and they had to work hard to move these photos to the Secretariat Bureau and seal them for safekeeping, and they had to bear the responsibility for the loss.It wasn't until 1973 that my father returned to work, and all of them were taken back, and the catastrophe was spared!The "Diary in the Army" and other historical relics of the revolution, such as the camera, are kept intact at home.

This year marks the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Red Army's Long March. I republished the second part of my father's "Diary in the Army" "Long March Diary". Comrades Zhou Enlai and Zhu De express their deepest condolences to the martyrs who died heroically in the Long March." In order to maintain the original appearance of the cultural relics, except for the correction of some typos and typos, no modification has been made.In order to help readers understand certain events, names of people and places in the event, notes are made at the bottom of the page. The 1986 edition of "Military Diary" was compared with the original diary, and there was a clerical error between December 11 and December 16, 1934, and the event and date were wrong by one day.This time, correct it according to the original diary. The First Red Army, where my father belonged, started the Long March from Yudu on October 16, 1934, and arrived at Wuqi Town in northern Shaanxi on October 19, 1935. The Long March ended.In order to understand some events before and after the Long March of the First Red Army, "Long March Diary" was selected from September 1, 1934 to October 31, 1935.