Chapter 22 Party against big leadership

Thousands of revolutionary youths poured into the Anti-Japanese University to seek the truth of resisting Japan and saving the nation.So, how can the Anti-Japanese University become a veritable melting pot of revolution and train them to become strong revolutionaries?Strengthening the Party's leadership of the Anti-Japanese University is the key to running the Anti-Japanese University well. Does the Anti-Japanese University need the leadership of the Communist Party of China?This issue was the focus of the struggle between the Party Central Committee represented by Comrade Mao Zedong and the erroneous ideas of Wang Ming and others in the early days of the Anti-Japanese War.At that time, Wang Ming and others proposed that "everything goes through the united front" and "everything is subject to the united front" in an attempt to abolish the party's leadership, change the nature of the Anti-Japanese University, and turn the Anti-Japanese University into a so-called "united front" military school.Comrade Mao Zedong waged a tit-for-tat struggle against Wang Ming's erroneous ideas.In his report to the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Party in October 1938, he systematically and profoundly criticized Wang Ming's right-leaning mistakes of "everything goes through the united front" and "everything is subject to the united front".On the issue of the construction of the Anti-Japanese University, it has been repeatedly emphasized: the Anti-Japanese University is a military school under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, not a united front organization; the entire leadership of the Anti-Japanese University is in the hands of the Communist Party, and most of the students are Communists, or those inclined to communism, so the Anti-Japanese University is more revolutionary and progressive than the former Whampoa Military Academy, and can make greater contributions to the liberation of the nation and society.Experience has proved that the Party's strong leadership of the Anti-Japanese University is the fundamental guarantee for turning the Anti-Japanese University into a large school of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, making the Anti-Japanese University a melting pot for training and training revolutionary youth, and developing and growing in the war of resistance against Japan.

The Party Central Committee and the Central Military Commission regard the success of the Anti-Japanese University as a basic construction of our party and our army, and attach great importance to strengthening the leadership of the Anti-Japanese University.In the early days of preparations for the Anti-Japanese War, some leading cadres of the army did not understand the significance of training cadres, and they only focused on the needs of the work at that time, and were unwilling to send good cadres to schools for training.Comrade Mao Zedong repeatedly clarified the strategic significance of cultivating cadres at the "Daxiangsi Conference" held in May 1936, and mobilized the party committees of the various troops to take a longer view and select outstanding cadres to school with both quality and quantity.During the founding process of the Anti-Japanese University, the Party Central Committee often gave guidance on the work of the Anti-Japanese University.In January 1939, the Anti-Japanese University conducted a work inspection and wrote an inspection summary report to the Party Central Committee. The Central Committee also made a special "Resolution on the Inspection and Summary of the Anti-Japanese University Work", affirming and encouraging the achievements of the Anti-Japanese University.In July 1939, according to the situation and tasks of the struggle between the enemy and ourselves at that time, the Party Central Committee made a timely decision to advance the main school of the Anti-Japanese University to the enemy's rear and establish branch schools in all anti-Japanese base areas, and to carry out work on the third branch school that remained in Yan'an Inspection, issued the "Instructions on Sorting Out Issues Concerning the Anti-Japanese War", again emphasizing that schools must focus on teaching and strengthen students' ideological and political work.Since then, the central government has often used telegrams and documents to request all central bureaus and troops to strengthen their leadership over the branch schools of the Anti-Japanese University, and to continue to guide the work of the Anti-Japanese University.In the spring of 1943, the Party Central Committee and the Central Military Commission made a timely decision to return the main school of the Anti-Japanese University and its second and seventh branch schools to the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region.These important decisions have ensured that the Kangda will continue to grow and develop in the intricate environment of struggle, and better play its role.

Comrade Mao Zedong devoted a lot of effort to the confrontation.It can be said that Kangda grew and developed under his own creation and direct leadership.In order to strengthen the leadership of the Anti-Japanese University, Comrade Mao Zedong personally served as the chairman of the Education Committee of the Anti-Japanese University. From formulating educational policies, reviewing teaching plans, and determining the leadership team and other major issues, to participating in the Anti-Japanese University rallies, giving lectures to teachers and students, attending classes, individual talks, Practical work such as publishing the school magazine was carried out very tightly.Many important works now compiled into "Selected Works of Mao Zedong", such as "Strategic Issues in China's Revolutionary War", "On Contradiction", "On Practice", "On Protracted War", etc., were given by Comrade Mao Zedong as speeches or course handouts It was first published in Kangda. The famous work "Against Liberalism" was also an article written by Comrade Mao Zedong in October 1937 for the first issue of the Anti-University Journal "Ideological Front" at the special request of Hu Yaobang, the deputy director of the Political Department of the Anti-Japanese University.

Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Luo Fu (Zhang Wentian), Bogu (Qin Bangxian), Yu Jiaxiang, Luo Mai (Li Weihan), Chen Yun and other central leaders were also very concerned about the confrontation.The central leadership comrades in Yan'an participated in every term, graduation ceremony, and important assembly as much as possible, and served as part-time teachers of the Anti-Japanese University, often giving reports, speeches or lectures to the Anti-Japanese University.During the Anti-Japanese War, Comrade Zhou Enlai led the united front work in Chongqing, Xi'an and other places most of the time. Comrades such as Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Peng Dehuai were also on the front line most of the time, but every time they returned to Yan'an, they went to the Anti-Japanese University to give speeches or reports.Whenever the leading comrades of the central government go to the Anti-Japanese University to give speeches or reports, all the faculty and students of the school gather in the open-air meeting place. After putting away their backpacks, they sit on the ground. The chief stands on the podium, and there is no loudspeaker.If the audience has any questions, write a note and pass it up, asking for answers; the chief can talk eloquently, and when he gets excited, his voice rises and he makes powerful gestures. Notes: As soon as the voice fell, there was thunderous applause, sometimes mixed with slogans, the atmosphere of the audience was so warm and exciting, even in the twelfth lunar month of winter, the numerous snowflakes would immediately turn into balls of heat and rise to the sky!

In September 1938, Comrade Liu Shaoqi went to the Anti-Japanese University and gave a speech entitled "The cause of communism is a great and difficult cause unprecedented in human history".He talked about communism as the inevitable result of social development, and described that communism will finally eliminate exploitation, eliminate classes, liberate all mankind, and push human society into an unprecedented, infinitely bright, and infinitely beautiful state of happiness.He also encouraged young people to establish the great and lofty ideal of communism and strive for the cause of communism for life.Later, he sorted out and supplemented this speech, and as a part of "On the Cultivation of Communist Party Members", it has been handed down to this day and has become a must-read textbook for Communist Party members.At that time, Comrade Chen Yun was the organization minister of the Party Central Committee, and was often invited to give lectures or take courses on "Party Construction" at the Anti-Japanese University.In September 1938, he went to the Anti-Japanese University and gave a report "On Cadre Policies", in which he brilliantly described our party's "how to employ people".He summed up our party's cadre policy with the twelve words "know people; be generous; use them well; care for people".He said that every cadre has its strengths and weaknesses, and only by understanding cadres can we make good use of cadres and maximize their strengths to avoid weaknesses.In particular, he emphasized that leaders should have a good attitude, educate and help cadres with shortcomings and mistakes, and not put a big hat on them, so that people dare to speak and do things.His speech was so kind and refreshing, which made the cadres feel the warmth of the Party in their hearts.

The Party Central Committee attaches great importance to strengthening the leadership of the confrontation party, setting an example for party committees at all levels.The central bureaus, military branches and leading comrades of the anti-Japanese base areas also regarded running the branch schools of the Anti-Japanese University as a strategic task.Chen Yi, Peng Xuefeng, Li Xiannian, Chen Geng, Su Yu, Huang Kecheng, Zhang Aiping and other comrades all served as the principals of the branch schools and took charge of the work of the Anti-Japanese University in person.When the first branch school was in the Taihang Mountains, comrades Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping also went to the branch school to give reports and guide the work.In September 1939, when the main school of the Anti-Japanese University entered the Jinchaji border area behind the enemy, Comrade Nie Rongzhen personally commanded the troops to cover the Anti-Japanese University through the enemy's blockade, and gave a report to the anti-Japanese masters and students.The Second Branch School of Anti-Japanese University and its affiliated Army Middle School and Affiliated Middle School were also established and developed under the leadership and care of Comrade Nie Rongzhen.At the beginning of November 1939, Comrade He Long led his troops to fight in the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei border area. Seeing that the masters of the Anti-Japanese War were still wearing single clothes, they immediately decided to allocate the cotton coats that were going to be distributed to the 120th Division to the Anti-Japanese University.When the teachers and students of the Anti-Japanese War wore brand-new cotton-padded clothes, they all thanked Boss He for his affection from the bottom of their hearts.

The Party Central Committee and Comrade Mao Zedong took a long-term view and believed that in order to run the Anti-Japanese War well, it is the key to choose and match a strong leadership team.This is exactly the fact. Comrades such as Liu Bocheng, Xu Xiangqian, Yang Shangkun, Luo Ruiqing, Zhang Jichun, Teng Daiyuan, He Changgong, Li Jingquan, Peng Shaohui, Xu Guangda, Mo Wenhua, Hu Yaobang, etc. The veteran cadres who participated in the revolution during the Agrarian Revolutionary War not only had a long-standing struggle and rich experience in war and political work, but also had a relatively high level of theoretical training and leadership in Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought; they were sharp in political thinking and quickly accepted new things. He has a good democratic style, is good at connecting with the masses, has rich experience in running schools, and is deeply loved by faculty and students.

To run the Anti-Japanese University well, we also need a strong and high-level teaching staff.At the beginning of the establishment of the school, there were only 14 staff members in the first and second departments, and only three full-time teachers. Facing the heavy teaching tasks, the heads of the central government and cadres from the central government actively came to teach part-time.This method played a great role in solving the difficulty of lack of teachers at that time, but it was not a long-term solution. Therefore, from the second period, the Party Central Committee and Comrade Mao Zedong made up their minds to recruit a group of military and political literacy from the government agencies and troops. The cadres who went to the Anti-Japanese University served as teaching staff.After the third period, a group of outstanding graduates will be selected from the student team in each period. After training in various training courses, the teaching staff will be enriched, and a teaching team with a high level of education and rich military and political theory knowledge will be gradually established. .For example, among veteran cadres, comrades such as Xu Xiangqian, Luo Ruiqing, Li Yimin, and Feng Dafei were all early students of the Whampoa Military Academy, and most of them served as senior commanders in the Agrarian Revolutionary War; Work, after returning to China in 1933, he has been engaged in military education for a long time, and he can be called an expert in military education; An old educator with profound attainments. After the "July 7th Incident", among the comrades who came to Yan'an and the anti-Japanese base areas from the rear, there were also a group of famous scholars and professors, such as Ai Siqi, Ren Baige, Xu Maoyong, and Zhang Qing from the main school; Feng Ding, Xue Muqiao, Jiang Longji, Zhang Lizhi and other comrades were all well-known figures who had a certain influence in the theoretical and educational circles in the 1920s or early 1930s.These two groups of comrades are the backbone of the teaching staff of the Anti-Japanese University. Under their training, the teaching team gradually expanded. Eighty-six people, more than the total number of the whole school in the first period.

The Party Central Committee and Comrade Mao Zedong were very concerned about the teachers of the confrontational university. In addition to strengthening ideological education, they paid great attention to improving the political status of teachers, establishing their prestige, and taking care of their lives.In 1937, the material life in Yan'an was extremely difficult. In addition to food, each person's daily vegetable gold was only three cents. Millet rice and boiled cabbage were the common meals of all comrades in the school.In order to show respect for the teachers, it was stipulated that each teacher was given a monthly subsidy of two catties of rice (later increased to ten catties), one catty of eggs and several catties of flour, and comrades who could smoke were also given four packs of "Windmill" cigarettes.In 1938, life in Yan'an improved slightly, and stipends began to be paid. The students were one yuan a month, and the school leaders were given a maximum of five yuan, usually three and a half yuan. Only teachers invited from other places were paid ten yuan. out more than double.Although there is not much money, under such difficult and difficult conditions, it fully embodies our party's principles of emphasizing education, respecting knowledge, and caring for intellectuals, encouraging them to be more "loyal to the party's education."

Giving full play to the fighting fortress role of grassroots party branches and the vanguard and exemplary role of Communist Party members is the basis for the Anti-Japanese University to realize party leadership.In war, party members charge forward and retreat behind; in life, party members endure hardships first and enjoy later, which forms a strong core of leadership and produces an invisible force that unites the surrounding masses to complete the struggle. tasks assigned by the party.Cheng Ke, the commander of the sixth female company of the main school, Wang Xiuzhu, the instructor, was just in his early twenties, and Hao Zhiping, the deputy instructor, was only 18 years old. In October 1940, during the struggle against "sweeping up", they led the entire company one hundred Many people climbed over a big mountain, and suddenly it rained heavily. In order to get rid of the enemy, they braved the rain and stepped on the muddy mountain road to climb up. The backpacks and food bags became heavier and heavier due to the rain.These female cadres are all poor in physique, and they have to work hard every step of the way, but they think that they are members of the Communist Party and members of the party branch, and their strong sense of responsibility adds infinite strength.Some of them carried a few backpacks or grain bags, and some supported comrades who could not walk, and braved the rain with tenacious perseverance to climb to the summit.Driven by them, the whole company did not fall behind in the frequent anti-"mopping up".The party organizations of the Anti-Dalian University are many fighting groups like the girls' company. Therefore, it can become a strong battle fortress, leading the masses to overcome all difficulties and defeat all enemies.