Chapter 4 Take up the gun and start a revolution

On May 21, 1927, that is, just over a month after I joined the party, the Kuomintang reactionary military officer Xu Kexiang launched the counter-revolutionary "Ma Ri Incident" in Changsha, hunting down and killing communists and revolutionary masses.This is another serious counter-revolutionary incident after Chiang Kai-shek launched the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup in Shanghai.The masses of workers and peasants in Hunan rose up to resist.Under the leadership of the Hunan Provisional Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, they took up arms one after another to defend the revolution with arms.The counties near Changsha planned to mobilize an army of 100,000 peasants to encircle Xu Kexiang's 1,000-strong reactionary army in Changsha City and wipe them out in one fell swoop.At that time, there was such a ballad: "Strike iron in the morning, strike iron in the evening, and send the shuttle dart to the peasant association quickly. The shuttle dart is bright, capture the thief first, capture the king, overthrow Chiang Kai-shek, and capture Xu Kexiang alive." This shows that the awakened peasants have begun to understand the armed defense revolution, The paramount importance of the seizure of power by force.

On May 30, the Liuyang County Party Committee, in accordance with the notice of the Hunan Provisional Provincial Party Committee, organized tens of thousands of workers' and peasants' volunteer teams and peasant self-defense troops, and concentrated them in Yong'an Town, Beisheng District; The Self-Defense Forces concentrated in Yong'an Town.The next day, they marched to Changsha in two mighty ways, and successively occupied the enemy's Xiaowumen and other strongholds, showing the deterrent power of the peasants and soldiers.However, at this critical moment, Chen Duxiu, who occupied the leading position in the Party Central Committee, was afraid that the armed resistance of the peasant army would destroy his "United Front", so he brazenly ordered that the siege of Changsha was not allowed, and the peasants' armed forces in various places were disbanded.At this time, some peasant armies from various counties had already surrounded Changsha, and some were marching towards Changsha or concentrating their troops. After receiving the order "not to besiege Changsha", the peasant armies marching towards Changsha returned one after another and concentrated their troops. The peasant army also announced its disbandment, which made the peasant army in Liyang and other places that had surrounded Changsha fall into the predicament of fighting alone and had to withdraw from Changsha.Seeing the withdrawal of the peasant army, Xu Kexiang took the opportunity to counterattack, occupied, sealed up, and destroyed the Kuomintang Hunan Provincial Party Headquarters, Provincial Trade Unions, Provincial Farmers' Associations, newspapers and revolutionary groups.On the Literacy Ridge outside the "Liuyang Gate" in Changsha, gunshots of shooting Communist Party members and revolutionary masses were heard every day.In just over 20 days, more than 10,000 Communist Party members and revolutionary masses were massacred in Changsha City and nearby counties.Under the interference and destruction of Chen Duxiu's Rightist capitulationism, the vigorous revolutionary movement of workers and peasants in Hunan was severely damaged.

In Liuyang, Zhang Mei Village, the head of the reactionary regiment of the Xixiang regiment defense bureau who fled to Changsha during the climax of the peasant movement, took advantage of the opportunity when the county worker-peasant volunteer team and the peasant self-defense army attacked Changsha and did not return. Threats and lures were used to gather Sizhi, Renmei and other six small militia groups that had been dispersed by the peasant association, with more than a thousand people. They called themselves the "peasant army" and attacked Puji Town in the middle of the night. The District Administrative Committee, District Peasant Association, District Trade Union and other revolutionary organs killed Tang Pinyi, a member of the Standing Committee of the District Party Committee, creating the first counter-revolutionary incident in Liuyang.

On June 4th, Wang Lingde, Chairman of the Liuyang County Committee of the Communist Party of China, led 64 armed men to Puji Township to deal with the counter-revolutionary incident. Unexpectedly, they were surrounded and attacked by gangsters from Zhangmei Village, killing 60 One person suffered heavy losses.In order to suppress the counter-revolutionaries, the Liuyang County Party Committee immediately dispatched four squadrons of the Workers and Peasants Volunteer Team who had just returned to Xixiang in three routes, and fought fiercely with the bandits of Zhangmei Village in Majiawan. Nearly a hundred bandits were killed on the spot, repelling the rampant enemy attack.However, at this time, the County Workers and Peasants Volunteer Team was ordered by the Provincial Party Committee to go to Changshou Street in Pingjiang, and planned to form a joint regiment with the Pingjiang County Workers and Peasants Volunteer Team to form the Independent Regiment of the 20th Army of the National Revolutionary Army led by Comrade He Long, and went to Jiangxi to participate in the Nanchang Uprising. Because the Nanchang Uprising was held ahead of schedule, the Liuyang Workers’ and Peasants’ Volunteer Team did not co-organize with the Pingjiang Workers’ and Peasants’ Volunteer Team and withdrew to Jiangxi Tonggu to rest and wait for orders. It was not until September 11 that they, under the leadership of Comrade Mao Zedong, joined forces with a battalion of the Wuhan Guard Corps. As the third regiment of the first division of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army, he returned to Liuyang from Tonggu, conquered Baisha, and participated in the Autumn Harvest Uprising.

After the Volunteer Team of Workers and Peasants from Liuyang County drove to Pingjiang, the reactionary forces took the opportunity to counterattack again.Zhang Meicun and other reactionary leaders gathered more than 7,000 local tyrants, evil gentry, and local hooligans to cooperate with Xu Kexiang's department, and attacked Liuyang County and Dongxiang in two directions. They threatened that "it is better to kill three thousand by mistake than let one go." The leftists, peasant unions, cadres of trade unions and activists of the peasant movement carried out cruel class revenge.All parts of Dongxiang were bloody looted and fell into white terror.

One day in early June, Zhan Lianwu and Zhang Yunhong came to me in a hurry after returning from Changsha and said, "The situation is very tense at present. We are going to leave this place temporarily and go out to understand the situation. We will study what we should do in the future when we come back." After speaking, he left in a hurry.After the two of them left, five people including me, Li Shilin, Nie Bangjie, Li Xiusong, and Bei Mingpu were left behind by the Chuancang District Office.The next afternoon, Nie Bangjie, the deputy director of the district administrative committee, was assassinated on the way back to his home in Lengshuitang from the district office.In the evening, his family members came to the district office with their bloody clothes to report. We were all shocked.At that time, due to the lack of news, we only heard some rumors, knew very little about the rapidly changing situation outside, and were unprepared for sudden events in terms of ideology and organization; coupled with being young and naive, lacking fighting experience, we encountered such a vicious incident. It was natural to feel a little overwhelmed.In view of the serious situation, the four of us discussed and decided to go home separately for the time being and disperse our activities. Since we left in a hurry and wanted to return to the district office after a few days when the situation eased up, so apart from the unlined clothes we were wearing, we even wore clothes after being a teacher. A new bedding and several sets of clothes that I finally bought were left in the district office, and I returned to Xikeng alone.

I later learned that after Zhang Yunhong left the boat warehouse, he found the county party committee in Dongxiang and Beixiang mountainous areas of Liuyang. The uprising team attacked Liuyang City, and then stayed in Changkeng and Bingziling, Dongxiang, Liuyang to carry out armed struggles, serving as a member of the Liuyang County Party Committee and Minister of Propaganda.After the "August 7th Meeting", he sent inspectors to contact me many times in the name of the county party committee. I didn't see him again until March 1928 when I went to Changkeng and Bingziling to form guerrillas. Fight with him.It's a pity that when the Third Red Army captured Changsha in July 1930, the organization sent him to Xiangxi to take charge of the work of the Xiangxi Special Committee. He didn't know that the Red Army had withdrawn from Changsha soon and traveled to the vicinity of Langli City on the outskirts of Changsha. Captured by the troops of the Kuomintang reactionary warlord He Jian, he died heroically and righteously at the age of 28 when he died.Comrade Zhang Yunhong (Liu Darong) was born in a Chinese medicine family in Lengshuitang Village, Chuancang Township.His father, Zhang Baoshan, was honest and honest, with noble medical ethics. He charged poor farmers very little for medical treatment, and sometimes even did not charge for medicine. Therefore, although he practiced medicine all his life, his family was still very poor.Zhang Yunhong was diligent and studious since he was a child. Like me, he received public subsidies from the "Sacrifice Association" to go to school. After graduating from Changsha Secondary Normal School, he worked as a primary school teacher in Dahu District, Liuyang County.He is knowledgeable and talented, and was once hired as a district academic committee member.He joined the Communist Party in 1925, and soon accepted the party's instructions to join the Kuomintang with "personal qualifications" and engaged in the peasant movement in Gaoping District.Because of his simple style, amiable and good at connecting with the masses, he is deeply loved by the masses.He has a firm stand, consistent words and deeds, taught me to be loyal to the revolution, and practiced it himself. Even after the "Ma-ri Incident", the Kuomintang reactionaries listed him as one of the famous "thugs" in Liuyang County and offered rewards everywhere to arrest him. Persist in the struggle without fear until you give your young life.He is worthy of being a loyal communist fighter and an excellent member of the Communist Party; he is worthy of being the guide of my revolution, and my unforgettable mentor and comrade-in-arms.On the contrary, after Zhan Lianwu left Chuancang Township, he went to Changsha to inquire about the news. Feeling that the current situation was tense, he was terrified by the white terror of the reactionaries, so he fled from Changsha to Shanghai privately and started working in a bookstore. He was later arrested and rebelled. , betrayed his comrades, committed an unforgivable crime, and was executed by our people's government after liberation.He was inconsistent with his words and deeds, greedy for life and afraid of death, betrayed the revolution, and ended up in a shameful end.Martyr Zhang Yunhong and Zhan Lianwu were both my introducers for joining the party. They have two qualities and two results.Every time I think about this, I feel that the revolutionary struggle is like steelmaking in a furnace. Not only good steel is smelted, but also some waste slag is produced. This is also an objective law and can be used as a reference.

On June 20, 1927, Zheng Baodao, a gangster and litigator who had fled to other places during the height of the peasant movement, returned to Liuyang Dongxiang.He borrowed more than 300 regiment members from Zhang Meicun, the head of the Xixiang Reactionary Group, and formed the "Xiangxiang Team". Crazy extortion, burning, killing and looting.Zheng Baodao's family lives in Ma'an, Gaoping. He looks short and thin, with a few sparse mustaches, like a heavy smoker.He was originally a student of Dianxi High School, two classes higher than me, so he could be regarded as a classmate.But this person was a naughty rascal since he was a child, he didn't study hard in school, he hangs out with the hooligans in the society all day long, steals from rats and dogs, drinks and gambles, even leaves the wild wantonly, beats and scolds classmates, insults teachers, teachers and students They all hated him.Teachers Deng Zifeng and Bei Xinghuang educated and criticized him many times, but he not only ignored it, but also kept his grudges in his heart. He threatened to fight his teachers desperately, and the school had to expel him.After Zheng Baodao was expelled from school, he intensified his efforts, organized gangster gangs, took over lawsuits, ran amok, and became notorious in the village.After the rise of the peasant movement, the masses mobilized to settle accounts with him, so he fled to other places with his tail between his legs. After the "Ma Ri Incident", seeing that the time had come, he brought the "Qingxiang Team" back to his hometown to retaliate wildly.On July 8, Zheng Baodao fled to Gaoping. On the second day, he first arrested his teacher, member of the Communist Party, Deng Zifeng, member of the Standing Committee of the Gaoping District Party Committee of the Kuomintang, and Bei Xing, a leftist member of the Kuomintang and the principal of Gaoping Girls' School. Huang, and on the 10th, killed the two of them, brutally exposed their corpses on the street, and displayed their heads to the public; in the robbery of the house, they also killed Hu Shaowu, the director of the civilian bank in Gaoping District.Then, he took the "Qingxiang Team" out to "encircle and suppress" revolutionary cadres and the masses.

On the afternoon of the second day after I returned to my home in Xikeng from the Chuancang District Office, Zheng Baodao personally brought 20 or 30 members of the "Qingxiang Team" and a few dogs, and suddenly came from the back of my house in Xikeng aggressively. Outflank it.Fortunately, my neighbor's cousin Li Fenghan's mother found out and immediately reported it, telling me to hide as soon as possible.Coincidentally, Li Shilin came to my house from Shuangkeng early this morning and told me that the wind outside was very tight. He also heard that my teachers Deng Zifeng and Bei Xinghuang were having a meeting at the Gaoping District Office to study how to deal with the current situation. Zheng Baodao led the "Qingxiang Squad" to surround and arrest him. He was killed the next day, so he went to my house to take refuge.We are mourning the unfortunate sacrifices of teachers Deng Zifeng and Bei Xinghuang, but we did not expect that Zheng Baodao would come to search for me so soon.So, Li Shilin and I hurried out from the side door and went around to the ravine on the east side of the house to find places to hide. The "Qingxiang team" searched inside and outside my house, but they couldn't find me, so they turned to the mountains around the house to search.They bluffed and cursed in the bamboo forest and the grass.I hid for a while, and saw a few farmers from other villages going home, so under their cover, I went back to my biological father's house in Shuangkeng to hide.However, due to Li Shilin's tall stature, wearing white clothes and white trousers, and having obvious targets, Zheng Baodao caught Li Shilin and put him in jail in Gaoping, where he spanked him.Fortunately, he was from a well-to-do family, so Zheng Baodao extorted a sum of money from his family to let him be released on bail.After he was released from prison, he left home and went abroad.

I stayed at my biological father’s house in Shuangkeng for two or three days. It happened that my family was going to congratulate my nephew Chen Shaoxian on the full moon. My biological father asked me to dress up as a gift giver and accompany him to pick up the children’s clothes, shoes and hats, cradles, glutinous rice cakes and other gifts. , I hid at the home of my eldest sister Li Guihua in Wenjia City.At that time, because the foundation of the peasant association in Wenjia City was relatively good, the class revenge of the local tyrants and evil gentry was not so rampant, and the situation was relatively stable.I lived at my eldest sister's house for nearly a month, and by the way, I asked the cadres of the peasant association through my relatives to find out some information.Because I was in a hurry to get in touch with the party organization, and considering that my sister’s family was very poor, my brother-in-law Chen Changjin made a living by carrying coal to Wenjia City to sell his feet, adding that I was eating alone, and life was even more difficult, so I didn’t dare to come here. After living in Wenjiashi for a long time, he returned to his biological father's home.

Not long after I returned to Shuangkeng, Zhang Yunhong contacted me through the inspector appointed by the county committee. I recognized this inspector as a primary school teacher in the past, but I forgot his name.He told me that he was "Cp" (the abbreviation of the Communist Party's English COMMVNISTPAR-TY), and Zhang Yunhong asked him to contact me.Then, he verbally conveyed the news of the "August 7th Conference", instructing me to turn to underground activities and organize secret Red Peasant Associations, Red Trade Unions and Red Guerrillas to oppose armed counter-revolutionaries with armed revolutionaries.I also briefly reported the crimes committed by Zheng Baodao's "village clearing team" that brutally killed revolutionary cadres and the masses in the past few months, and how I escaped from the tiger's mouth.Before leaving, the inspector also gave the secret code for someone from the county committee to contact in the future: the visitor touched the earlobe with his left hand from top to bottom outside the left helix, forming a "C"-shaped gesture, and said at the same time: "CP wants to talk to you." I can get in touch with him.After the inspector left, I couldn't calm down with excitement for a long time: I got in touch with the party organization, like a child finding a mother, who will have support in the future, and the stone that had been pressing on my heart for several months fell to the ground.However, at that time, I was the only Communist Party member in the whole district, and it was very difficult to work alone in the severe white terror environment.Recalling the peak period of the peasant movement, we had a strong peasant association and a peasant armed force. Although there were few weapons, the local tyrants and evil gentry trembled at the sight of spears and swords.Why are the local tyrants, evil gentry, and hooligans so arrogant now?Why are the peasant brothers allowed to be kneaded like glutinous rice dumplings?Although I didn't know at the time that this was the serious loss caused by Chen Duxiu's right capitulationism to the revolution, I always felt that there was a problem here.Based on my intuitive understanding, I think: the key is that the local tyrants and evil gentry have gun barrels, but we have no gun barrels in our hands, and even lost a few pikes.How can we get the barrel of the gun?These series of questions have been entangled in my mind. On September 9, 1927, Comrade Mao Zedong led the Autumn Harvest Uprising on the border between Hunan and Jiangxi. On September 11, he personally led the Third Regiment of the First Division of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army to conquer Baisha Town, Liuyang; , Wang Xinya, head of the Second Regiment of the First Division of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army, captured Liuyang City with the cooperation of Liuyang County Party Committee Pan Xinyuan, Liu Darong and other comrades.Although Su Xianjun, the leader of the third regiment, and Wang Xinya, the leader of the second regiment, underestimated the enemy and became paralyzed, and refused to listen to the advice of Mao Zedong, Pan Xinyuan and other comrades to strengthen their guard, they were soon surrounded and attacked by the enemy, and suffered heavy losses. In particular, on September 19, Comrade Mao Zedong personally led the Third Regiment of the Autumn Harvest Uprising and part of the First and Second Regiments to join forces in Wenjia City, and then marched to Jinggang Mountains to establish a revolutionary base area. The flames of armed struggle were ignited, and the local tyrants and evil gentry were even more chilled.Therefore, during this period of time, the situation in our Gaoping area has eased somewhat. I sometimes went back to live in Xikeng home. In addition to continuing to keep in touch with the inspectors of the county party committee, I mainly publicized the victory of the Autumn Harvest Uprising and The importance of armed struggle, and through secret connections, organized the Red Peasant Association Group to create conditions for the establishment of revolutionary armed forces and a new revolutionary upsurge. At the same time, some changes took place in the struggle situation in the Gaoping area: As mentioned earlier, in June and July 1927, Zheng Baodao, who claimed to be the head of the regiment defense bureau of Gaoping District, led the "Qingxiang Team" in Gaoping. The bloody massacre of revolutionary cadres and revolutionary masses in the Ping area committed heinous crimes and aroused the righteous indignation of the broad masses.Because Zheng Baodao was originally a gangster, litigator, and greedy by nature, he not only killed revolutionary cadres and revolutionary masses, but also took the opportunity to arrest and kill indiscriminately, burn houses, rob, and extort money, which aroused public indignation from people from all walks of life, including some wealthy gentry, They filed complaints with the KMT county government.Due to the conflicts and old grievances among the local tyrants and evil gentry, and because the reactionary Kuomintang government was afraid of public outrage, they detained Zheng Baodao in early September and put him in the prison of the county government. Coincidentally, when the Autumn Harvest Uprising troops captured Liuyang County on September 16, Pan Xinyuan and other comrades did not have time to seriously examine who were imprisoned in the prison in order to rescue Murong Chuqiang and other more than 300 revolutionary comrades who were imprisoned in the county government prison. Who, opened the prison door and released the revolutionary comrades and the executioner Zheng Baodao.After Zheng Baodao was released from prison, his nature did not change, and he continued to gather a group of hooligans to commit crimes. The Gaoping people accused him again. He was taken to Gaoping and shot.Zheng Baodao is full of evil, and he deserves more than his death.The masses took advantage of the Kuomintang county government to get rid of Zheng Baodao, a pest, and avenged the sacrificed revolutionary cadres and revolutionary masses. It was really satisfying.After Zheng Baodao's death, there was one less local snake in the Gaoping area, and it was temporarily calm for a few days. At the beginning of 1928, Liu Deyuan, a teacher at the Public Ping'an No. 2 Primary School, asked for leave due to business, and asked me to temporarily substitute for the class.I saw that the situation had eased, so I agreed to come down and move to live in the school.Unexpectedly, not long after I arrived at the school, at dawn one day in late February, the Gaoping District Standing Team of the Kuomintang suddenly dispatched 20 to 30 people to Xikeng to arrest me.The standing team first surrounded my house, and after entering the door, they searched house by house.My mother was quite clever, and found that the enemy surrounded my house, so she quickly told my cousin Li Fengliu to go to the school to report to me.Because I have experienced several dangerous situations under the white terror and have exercised, I am still relatively calm after hearing the news.I thought about it calmly, where should I hide this time?I recalled not long ago when I went back to my biological father’s house in Shuangkeng, and saw my eldest brother Feng Yi and second brother Fengting. They told me that my biological father and mother, along with my younger sister Chunxiang, had moved to the Li Daxian Temple on the top of Shuangkeng Mountain to live in the temple and read scriptures.This place has high mountains, narrow roads, and dense forests and bamboos. Few people go there at ordinary times. It is a good place to hide, so I went straight to Li Daxian Temple. Speaking of Li Daxian Temple, there is a story: Li Daxian was also a poor farmer in a mountain village near Shuangkeng. Leave him alone.In the midst of pessimism and despair, he believed in Buddhism, eating fast and chanting Buddha, in order to cultivate the afterlife.My biological father was also a person who suffered a lot, and he was weak and sick in his later years. Seeing that my elder brother has grown up, he also cultivated the heart of the afterlife, eating vegetarian food and chanting Buddha. In this way, he became acquainted with Li Daxian and became friends.After the "Ma Day Incident" in 1927, Li Daxian saw that bad people were rampant, poor people were killed and imprisoned, suffered and suffered, and felt that he was powerless to resist, so he piled up firewood on the top of Shuangkeng Mountain to build an altar, and sat on the altar to light the fire. Self-immolation, praying to Bodhisattva to bless the people.When the villagers saw the fire and went up the mountain to see it, he was already scorched.Soon, the village rumored that he had become an "immortal" and could "appear spirits", so they raised money to build a small temple at the place where he set himself on fire.He also had a name (I've forgotten it), but now that he has become a "immortal", the common people can no longer call him by his name, and respectfully call him "Li Daxianren", and this temple is also called "Li Daxianren Temple".This temple was built not long ago, because my biological father and Li Daxian were friends, the folks asked him to move to the mountain, and built him a few thatched huts with adobe walls next to the temple, and asked him to burn incense in the morning and evening, and take care of the temple. small temple. The Gaoping District Standing Team of the KMT failed to catch me, so they took my father and Uncle Xiangwen away.After they arrested him, they were afraid that they would be robbed by the secret peasant association halfway, so they didn't dare to return along the mountain road when they came.At around nine o'clock in the morning, I was hiding in the grass in front of Li Daxian's temple to observe the surrounding movement because I was afraid that the enemy would follow. An old man who was over seventy years old was tied up with a rope and moved with difficulty. His heart ached like a knife, but he couldn't do anything about it. He could only watch the enemy wreak havoc with tears and sorrow, feeling very heavy.Later, I heard that my father and Uncle Xiangwen were escorted to Liuyang County, where they were detained in the county government prison for serious criminals. They were tortured and tortured. They asked me where I was going. But there is nothing to do.The two old people were tortured for more than a year, and later they were released on bail by Mr. Li Hanping, an enlightened gentleman in Gaoping.When he was released on bail, the county jail would extort his father to pay for transportation, food, and cell fees, which is really unreasonable!My father is so poor, how can he have the money to pay these messy fees?The family borrowed money from various places and paid a few yuan for the carriage and horse fare before they were released from prison.My family was originally poor. For more than a year, not only the two elderly people have suffered, but the burden of the whole family life has been placed on my wife Liu Min, mother, and Uncle Fuwen.At that time, I already had two sons. The eldest son Qingqi was four years old, and the second son Xingqi was just over one year old. My wife had to farm the land, cut firewood, and take care of the young son. too bitter.Fortunately, the women of our Hakka people have big feet, and they have participated in labor since they were young. Not only can they plow and rake, but they can also carry a load of more than 100 catties. In March 1928, after the Kuomintang reactionaries carried out the "party purge", they "cleared out" the Communists and leftist progressives in the Kuomintang, and gathered together the rich and evil gentry and local hooligans to form the so-called "new" Kuomintang The county party headquarters, district branches and governments at all levels strengthened their reactionary rule, and continued to hunt down and kill Communist Party members and revolutionary masses. The white terror became more serious, and it became increasingly difficult to carry out secret activities.In view of this situation, the Liuyang County Party Committee informed me through inspectors to move to the Changkeng and Bingziling areas of Lianyun Mountain on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi to carry out armed struggle. Lianyun Mountain is a branch of the Mufu Mountains on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi.Here, there are continuous mountains and overlapping peaks; the trees are dense, the thatch is overgrown, and the sky is blocked out by fir trees, pine trees, and green bamboos. It is a good place to carry out guerrilla activities.As early as September 1927, after Comrade Mao Zedong led the Autumn Harvest Uprising troops to advance to Jinggang Mountains, in early October, in order to consolidate the achievements of the Autumn Harvest Uprising, the Hunan Provincial Party Committee sent Xia Minghan to Liuyang Beixiang to get in touch with Pan Xinyuan. Xi officially restored the Liuyang County Party Committee, appointing Pan Xinyuan as the secretary, Murong Chuqiang as the head of the organization, and Nie Yonghui as the head of the propaganda.As soon as the county party committee was restored, Xia Minghan and Pan Xinyuan presided over a meeting of key members of the Party and Youth League at the Wuwang Temple in Haoshan, Beixiang. More than 80 people attended.The meeting conscientiously implemented the spirit of the "August 7th Conference" of the Central Committee, and decided to organize armed riots, establish guerrillas, and carry out armed struggles.After the meeting, while restoring and developing the party organization, the county party committee successively established Liubei guerrillas led by Guo Zhuxia and Liu Zhi, Dongshanli guerrillas led by Qu Sanwei, and Lidong guerrillas led by Liu Shaoling and Chen Shuoying. They killed our Gaoping District guerrillas and the Liuxi guerrillas led by Wang Junming.The "single fire" of armed struggle was ignited again in the four townships of Liuyang. When I arrived in Changkeng, leading comrades such as Wang Shoudao of the Liuyang County Party Committee and the Liudong Special Committee had already moved here to lead the people of the whole county in the armed struggle against the bloody suppression of the Kuomintang reactionaries.The inspector of the county party committee arranged for me to temporarily stay in a farmer's house in Bingziling for two days. On the third day early in the morning, the inspector took me to a family of basic people in Banshanao, Bingziling. Zhang Yunyi (pseudonym Zhang Wei) and three The guerrillas also came one after another.The inspector announced that the county party committee had decided to set up a guerrilla team in Gaoping District (District 6), with Zhang Wei as the captain and me (alias Li Xuan) as the district armed committee member and party representative of the guerrilla team. The guerrilla team temporarily lived in this household.Having experienced the long night of white terror, I feel the importance of mastering the barrel of a gun. Now the organization wants me to be armed, and I am very happy. The guerrilla leader Zhang Wei (formerly known as Zhang Yunyi) was Zhang Yunhong's younger brother. He was born in a poor Chinese medicine family in Lengshuitang Village, Chuancang Township in 1907. He was one year younger than me.He was stubborn and competitive since he was a child. When someone wanted to bully him, he always defended himself with fists and feet, and never gave in to others.Because of the influence of martial arts stories, he did not want to farm in the valley silently, fantasizing about wandering the rivers and lakes, killing the rich and helping the poor.In 1925, before graduating from elementary school, he hid it from his family and joined the army as a soldier under Wu Peifu, the Beiyang warlord, hoping to learn a set of military skills.In the autumn of 1926, Wu Peifu's army was defeated by the Northern Expedition in Hunan, Hubei and other places. He realized that he had joined the wrong army, so he deserted and returned to his hometown.At that time, the peasant movement was on the rise. Under the education of his elder brother Zhang Yunhong, he understood the principles of revolution and resolutely devoted himself to the revolution. He joined the Gaoping District Workers and Peasants Volunteer Team and soon became the captain of the volunteer team. After the "Ma Ri Incident", the reactionary government in Liuyang listed both of their brothers as one of the most wanted "thugs". In June and July of 1927, Zheng Baodao led the "Qingxiang Squad" to search and arrest his home. Zhang Yunhong had already moved, and Zhang Wei happened to be at home. Then the "Qingxiang Team" shouted angrily: "You bastards of local tyrants and evil gentry are useless scumbags. If you have the ability, arrest me today; if you don't catch me, I will settle accounts with you in the future." Then Walking away shows his character of boldness, fearlessness and personal heroism.After he escaped from the tiger's mouth, he secretly contacted some young people, organized them spontaneously in the name of sworn brotherhood, and took sudden actions at night to assassinate local tyrants, evil gentry and reactionaries who committed crimes, and avenge the dead comrades.Soon, with the help and education of Zhang Yunhong, he joined the Communist Party.Because he has a firm stand, strong fighting spirit, and has been a soldier and understands military affairs, when the county party committee decided to form a district guerrilla team, he was appointed as the guerrilla captain.During his tenure as captain, he was usually able to bear hardships and stand hard work. He was extremely brave in battle, and he was not afraid of bloodshed and sacrifice. He took the lead in every battle, showing the fearless spirit of a Communist Party member.But because he has been in the rivers and lakes for many years, contrary to his elder brother, he has a more irritable personality, often loses his temper, and criticizes soldiers for not speaking well, even to his own brother. In the winter of 1928, his younger brother Zhang Kai (who was only fourteen or five years old at the time) came to join him and worked as an orderly in the guerrilla army. Zhang Wei also often scolded and scolded his younger brother until he cried.Later, Zhang Kai was unwilling to be a soldier under him, so he found Zhang Yunhong's old comrade-in-arms, Yu Dingyi, the party representative of the Sixth Squadron of the Seventh Battalion of the Second Column of the Fifth Red Army, and with the approval of the organization, he was transferred to the Sixth Squadron to serve as a soldier.Because of Zhang Wei's bad temper, the soldiers had opinions on him and were afraid of seeing him. I often had to help him with consolation and resolve conflicts.When I was in the guerrillas, because I was his elder brother's comrade in arms, he respected me more, and the two got along very well.In the winter of 1928, after I was transferred to work in the Fifth Red Army, I lost contact with him. It was not until I saw his younger brother Zhang Kai in Beijing after the national victory that I learned that Zhang Wei was also transferred to the Red Army shortly after I left. Work, served as battalion commander and detachment leader of an independent battalion. In 1932, the suppression of counter-revolutionaries expanded. He was wrongly killed by innocent people (rehabilitated), and he was only 25 years old when he died. It is really regrettable. When the guerrilla was first started, there were only five people, three rifles made in Hanyang, and a few rows of bullets.There are few guns and ammunition, and the strength is weak. It is very difficult to expand the guerrilla forces and carry out armed struggle.I thought to myself that Liuyang is a well-known hometown of fireworks, with a history of making fireworks and firecrackers for more than a hundred years, especially the common people in Wenjia City and Yonghe City. Therefore, most people in Liuyang learned the techniques of preparing gunpowder, fuse and making fireworks and firecrackers.So, I mobilized the guerrillas to make homemade soil bombs, grenades and soil pistols.It is relatively simple to make soil bombs and grenades. Fill the primer, gunpowder and iron filings with a wine bottle or iron can, then insert the fuse, plug the mouth with red clay, and then it can ignite and explode; after the iron can is ignited, it can also be thrown, and Like grenades.And the production of the soil pistol is more troublesome, how to do it? "Three cobblers make one Zhuge Liang".The guerrillas and I pondered and experimented repeatedly, and finally made a soil pistol.We sawed a short piece of curved-foot-shaped branch, painted it with black ink as the body of the gun, and dug a groove in front of the upper end. We tied the used rifle bullet casings with wire and fixed them in the groove as the barrel. The shell is filled with gunpowder and iron filings, and the seal is blocked with red clay, and then a small hole is inserted in the seal to insert the fuse.When shooting, use a match or incense tip to ignite the fuse, ignite the gunpowder, and use the gas expansion force of the gunpowder to spray out the red clay sealed by the bullet case and the iron filings filled, and there will be a loud noise immediately, within one meter. Within a distance of left and right, people can be wounded; hitting the head and other vital points can also kill people. Using it to scare the local tyrants and evil gentry can really work.We successively produced some soil bombs, grenades and several soil pistols, basically one or two weapons per person. At that time, the activities of the local tyrants and evil gentry were still very rampant, and the reactionary arrogance was rampant.They engaged in deceitful propaganda, spreading rumors, saying: "The Communist Party has red beards, green eyes, and big noses (referring to the portrait of Marx)";When Zheng Baodao was rampant, he also made up a set of lies in Gaoping District, saying that their "Qingxiang team" raided several warehouses of the Communist Party in Liuyang, and they were filled with axes, hammers, awls and other things. Rumors that the Communist Party is going to pry open doors and windows and kill parents and children while people are sleeping at night are spreading and spreading.Of course, the majority of the masses do not believe those rumors, and believe that the Communist Party represents the interests of the masses and has a heart-to-heart with the masses. However, there are also a small number of farmers who are deceived by the enemy because of feudal superstition or ignorance. They did not dare to approach us; a few people were threatened and lured into "rebellion", tipped off the local tyrants and evil gentry, and even betrayed the cadres and activists of the peasant associations. In order to break the white terror of the Kuomintang reactionaries, our guerrillas are responsible for fighting local tyrants, eliminating evil gentry, suppressing reactionaries, defending the base areas of guerrilla activities in Changkeng and Bingziling, conducting propaganda, exposing the reactionaries' deceitful and sabotage plots, and raising funds. , Guarantee supply and other tasks. At the beginning, our guerrillas had few people and were weak, so we used the method of hiding at night and going out at night.In response to the rampant activities of local tyrants and evil gentry, we publicly posted notices in every village we visited: "Don't be evil, local tyrants and evil gentry, the Red Army will kill your heads! Don't be violent, local tyrants and evil gentry, once the Red Army arrives, use guns to attack!" Such as: "Kill those who spread rumors to confuse the public!" "Kill those who reveal the secrets of the army!" "Kill those who betray the peasant association cadres and members!"The notice also publicly signed: "Red Army guerrilla captain Zhang Wei, party representative Li Xuan."In order to deter the enemy, we took advantage of the familiar characteristics of the guerrillas, scouted the situation of any evil reactionary in advance, launched a surprise attack at night, captured and executed the reactionary, and posted a notice announcing his guilt, killing one and making hundreds .The killing of a few reactionaries in this way caused a great shock, and the counter-revolutionary activities of the local tyrants and evil gentry were greatly restrained.Soon, the reactionaries did not dare to take part in public activities, and ordinary people seldom went out at night. When we passed by the village at night, the dogs barked, and the lights of every house were quickly extinguished. At night, we became the world of our guerrillas. While punishing the reactionaries, we also planned to raise funds from local tyrants.Fundraising is sometimes relatively smooth, send a letter, and the local tyrant will send the money to the designated place; but some local tyrants regard money as their life and refuse to give it easily, so we have to use force to deal with him.One night, Zhang Wei and I took the guerrillas to a local tycoon’s house to raise funds. We first opened the door of the local tyrant through the inside line, rushed to his door, and deliberately fired a shot into the air with a local pistol to deter him first. Stop, and then, shine a flashlight on his eyes.Most of the local tyrants are uneducated rich locals who have rarely seen the world, and some have never even seen a flashlight.At that time, the glass of the flashlight used a convex mirror, which was very good at concentrating light. When the switch was pressed, a beam of light shot directly into the eyes of the local tyrant, making him dizzy and squinting his eyes. Thinking it was some "new weapon", he quickly covered his eyes with his hands. Repeatedly begging for forgiveness: "Don't hit, don't hit, don't hit your eyes out!" I took advantage of the situation and told him: "We are the guerrillas of the Red Army. You are rich and unkind, and you exploit the peasants. You will be fined two hundred dollars!"拿出那么多钱来象要挖他的心头肉似的，死赖活缠也不肯拿出钱来。我们没有时间同他纠缠，张维火了，拿出用铁罐子做的土炸弹放在厅堂上就要引爆，吓得土豪及其家属屁滚尿流，叩头作揖，赶快拿出钱来。似此情况，还有多次。 我们在打土豪、镇压反革命分子的斗争中虽然取得了很大的成果，但由于“马日事变”后反动派疯狂镇压革命群众，游击队的同志也亲身受到残酷迫害，苦大仇深，报仇心切，所以，在斗争中也产生一些左倾盲动的错误，烧了一些不该烧的房子。有几次游击队在镇压了反动分子之后，还放火烧了他们的房子。这一烧，往往因火势蔓延而祸连了左邻右舍，使许多人的房屋也同时被烧，无家可归。当时有个错误的论调，认为烧了祠堂或土豪劣绅的房屋，不留下房屋给反动分子和反动民团住，既报了仇，又可把反动派逐出村庄。其实，这样做适得其反，反动派就利用我们的错误，诬蔑我们是“杀人放火的赤匪”，使群众产生疑虑，不敢靠近我们，不利于团结各阶层人士，使自己脱离了群众，陷于孤立。当时我对烧屋的错误行动是有些察觉的，感到这种做法不对，想办法说服阻止，但在游击队和革命群众激愤的情绪下，谁也难以阻挡。 我们游击队遵照县委的指示，在开展武装斗争的同时，还积极宣传、发动群众，组织秘密农会、工会（工会人数很少，主要是农村中的铁匠、木匠和土纸、鞭炮作坊的手工业工人），并在农会、工会的积极分子中培养、发展党员，建立秘密的党支部。那时候，我和张维经常带着游击队到西坑、双坑、冷水塘一带村庄活动，有时游击队就在西坑我家中住几天，以我家为据点四出做群众工作。不久，就在双坑发展了李子丹、李耀榜和我二哥李风廷、堂弟李凤初入党；张维也在冷水塘发展了李绍五、李绍七两兄弟入党，在双坑成立了一个党支部。支部书记李子丹是双坑人，二十多岁，粗通文化，他仇恨土豪劣绅，不怕白色恐怖，积极要求入党。记得我介绍他入党时，他填写“入党志愿书”化名李一，还开玩笑说：“我的名字最简单，李一，只有一横，横下一条心干革命，好写又好记。”给我的印象特别深。他入党后，工作一直很积极主动，后来当了区委委员，可惜在我离开家乡后，一九三二年肃反扩大化时也被错杀，损失了一个很好的同志。 随着革命形势的发展，需要不断扩大武装力量，仅靠三支步枪和几支土造手枪是很不够的。当时我们了解到，军阀吴佩孚的部队被北代军打垮时，在湘赣边区留下的散兵游勇手中有一批枪；秋收起义的第二、三团被反动派冲散时，又散失了一些枪，这一带民间私藏的枪支还不少，只要有钱就可以买到，一支枪大约三四十块大洋。于是，我在请示县委批准后，便带着从土豪劣绅那里等到的款，化装成商人到江西万载县的株潭镇，通过地下党的关系，买回来一支汉阳造七九步枪，一支俄国造的“九子连”（欲称“九响梆梆”）老式步枪。这样，游击队就有了五支步枪，队员也发展到十几个人，不仅晚上活动，有时白天也出来活动，长坑、丙子岭这块小根据地在县委的领导下也日渐巩固了。 一九二八年七月二十二日，彭德怀、腾代远根据湖南省委的指示，领导湘军独立第五师第一团在平江县城起义，黄公略领导驻嘉义的第三团第三营、贺国中领导驻岳阳的该师随营学校也先后举行起义，并赶到平江会合，宣布成立中国工农红军第五军。我们浏阳县与平江县毗邻，平江起义的胜利给予国民党反动派和土豪劣绅以沉重的打击，给予我们浏阳人民的革命斗争极大的鼓舞和支持。 九月初，红五军经过一个多月的艰苦转战之后，部队从二千人减少到五百多人，遂折回平江、修水、铜鼓三县交界的纸坊地区进行整训，同时，发动群众，打土豪、分田地，建立区、乡苏维埃，逐步开辟湘、鄂、赣革命根据地。九月十七日，腾代远在铜鼓县幽居主持召开了红五军和平江、浏阳、修水、铜鼓、武宁等县党的联席会议。会议决定正式恢复中共湘鄂赣边界特委，选举滕代远、彭德怀、王首道、李宗白、邱训民为特委委员，滕代远为特委书记、红五军党代表，加强了党的领导。会议还总结了平江起义以来的经验教训，批判了乱烧乱杀的盲动主义错误，决定以修水县台庄为中心，扩大革命根据地。会议还考虑到红五军多是外籍人，人生地不熟；而且干部和士兵大多来自旧军队，政治素质较差，已经接连发生过雷振辉、李玉华等几起重要干部投敌叛变和逃跑的严重事件，所以，决定从各县抽调一批干部和赤卫队员偏入红军，以提高红军主力的政治素质和适应游击战争环境的战斗能力。王首道从幽居开会返回丙子岭后，在干部会议上传达了党的联席会议精神，使我们进一步明确了斗争任务，提高了开展武装斗争、扩大革命根据地的胜利信心。 当时，长坑、丙子岭已成为浏阳县委领导群众开展革命斗争的根据地。 各区党委、游击队的领导同志经常到这里开会或汇报工作。在这里我见过二区（文家市）党委刘书记和张良、李贞等负责同志。李贞当时还是个二十岁的年轻姑娘，中等身材，圆圆的脸庞上一对水灵灵的大眼睛，显得聪明机灵。她性格直爽，待人热情，口齿伶俐，举止大方；特别值得大家称赞的是她在白色恐怖最严重的时候，立场坚定，勇敢坚强，团结了周围的党员，组成一个临时党支部，坚持斗争。临时支部四个党员，三个男同志，唯独她一个女同志，大家还一致推选她当支部书记，可见她深受同志们的尊重和爱戴。 游击队久居深山老林，消息闭塞，同志们对形势都十分关心。湘鄂赣特委委员兼浏阳县委书记王首道、红五军政治部主任袁国平等领导同志都曾给我们游击队作过形势报告。 一九二八年九、十月间，彭德怀、腾代远同志率红五军粉碎湘鄂赣三省白军“会剿”的斗争时，也曾率部经过丙子岭。那一天，秋高气爽，万里无云，彭德怀、膝代远在丙子岭一片山坡上集合队伍讲话，我和在这里坚持斗争的一些干部也一起参加。彭德怀站在坡上，身穿一套灰色军装，领口上钉着一副红领章，头戴缀有红布五角星的军帽，显示出一个军人刚毅、威严的仪表。他亮开嗓子，用浓重的湘潭乡音讲述了湘鄂赣边界农民发动起来后，纷纷举行暴动，打土豪、抗租抗税的大好形势；这个形势对红五军粉碎敌人的三省“会剿”非常有利。接着，他简要总结了反“会剿”的经验，指出我军在反“会剿”斗争中，采取同敌人兜圈子、打“推磨仗”，经常绕到敌军侧后方，使敌人摸不着头脑，弄得敌人疲惫不堪，不打死也得拖死，这个战术是成功的、胜利的。最后，他要求大家说，我们粉碎敌人的三省“会剿”，对长沙、武汉、南昌的敌人是很大的威胁，敌人是不会甘心的，我们一定要做好一切准备，军队、游击队和地方的同志同心协力，随时迎击敌人，争取反“会剿”的胜利。这是我第一次见到彭老总——我们一些老同志这一辈子都是这样亲切称呼彭德怀同志的。他的讲话简短有力，观点明确，鼓动性很强，给我留下了深刻的印象。过去，我们只听说过彭德怀领导了平江起义，是个有勇有谋的战将，这次亲眼见到他，听他讲话，果然名不虚传，敬慕之情油然而生。 一九二八年十月，红五军在粉碎了敌人三省“会剿”之后，由湖北通城挥师南下，向江西挺进，在江西台庄召开了军委会议，讨论行动计划，并决定按幽居会议的决议将红五军与平、浏、修、铜的赤卫队混合改编为三个纵队、十个大队，第一纵队长李灿、第二纵队长黄公略、第三纵队长贺国中，另军部直辖一个特务大队。经过整编，红五军的力量得以加强，可是，整编后不久，由于敌人的封锁，经济供给状况日益困难。为了冲破敌人的重围，并求得经济、物资上的补充，军委会又研究决定：由彭德怀、滕代远、邓萍、贺国中、李灿、张纯清率领五个大队约八百人、五百支枪向南转移；由第二纵队长黄公略率领其余部队继续留在平江、浏阳边境坚持斗争，并相机掩护主力部队行动。 十一月十七日，红五军主力攻克万载县城，占领一个星期，筹款万余元，补充了部队冬服。这时，江西敌军闻讯，出动三个团的兵力由南昌向万载急进，彭德怀、滕代远待敌军离万载仅半日行程时，才从容地率部主动撤离县城，取道潭埠、株潭、宜春、萍乡、莲花，直奔井冈山。 红五军主力上井冈山后，留在湘鄂赣边的红五军第二纵队在黄公略率领下，在湘鄂赣边的平江、浏阳、修水、铜鼓、武宁等县坚持游击战争，并与地方党委、游击队互相配合，深入发动群众，开展以抗租、抗债、抗粮、抗捐、抗税为内容的“五抗”运动，农民的革命斗争又日益高涨。这时，红五军第二纵队的一个大队由李实行、余伯坚带领来到丙子岭一带活动，我正高兴我们高坪区游击队有了主力红军作靠山，今后配合主力部队作战一定可以打更多的胜仗，没想到十二月初的一天，县委委员刘大荣（即张运鸿）到游击队来找我，告诉我说，“县委根据幽居会议的决议，决定抽调你到红五军第二纵队去当中队党代表，你有没有意见？”由于决定来得突然，我思想上没有准备，一时拿不定主意，我既向往到红军主力部队去，跟着彭老总南征北战，实现为穷人打天下的夙愿；又考虑到主力部队之后，要背井离乡，丢下年迈的父母和妻儿老小一家人，远走他乡，怎么办呢？我沉思片刻，想到自己从小立志“毋忘国耻，振兴中华”；参加农民运动时，决心致力于国民革命，为劳苦大众的翻身解放而奋斗；入党时也曾庄严宣誓“服从组织，牺牲个人，努力革命”，为了革命大业岂能留恋故土，留恋家庭？我下定了决心就向刘大荣表示：“我服从党的决定，明天就去红五军工作。”刘大荣知道我很孝顺年迈的父母亲，便关切地问：“你的家怎么办呢？”我坚决地说：“自古忠孝不能两全，为国为民尽忠就不能尽孝了。我走了以后，我的家特别是我七十多岁的父母亲，就拜托地方党组织和战友们照顾一下了。” 刘大荣点点头说：“没问题，你放心走吧！”接着，他又问我：“你在东乡一带活动很长时间，大家都熟悉你的名字和现在李轩这个化名，今后你到红五军去工作，为了保密，最好再改个名。你看改什么名字好？” 我心想，我们山沟里的老百姓与财主打官司时常说一句话：“打得赢就打，打不赢就改名换姓，远走他乡。”我相信革命一定会打赢，不必改名换姓，但为了革命需要，改个名字还可以，不必换姓。可是，改什么名字好呢？我斟酌了一会，便回答说：“姓不改了，既然我立志为人民谋福利，投身革命事业，就改名为'志民'——立志终身为人民吧！” 刘大荣欣然赞同，便从口袋里掏出个小笔记本，撕下一页纸写了一封简短的介绍信：“王炳良同志：兹介绍我县CP李志民同志到你中队任党代表。刘大荣。” 第二天，我向张维和游击队的战友们告别，一年来朝夕相处、并肩战斗结下的战友情谊，使我们大家都依依不舍，再三互嘱珍重。他们送我上了路，我便带着刘大荣写的介绍信到丙子岭另一条山坳里，找到红五军第二纵队第二大队四中队（一九二九年四月改编为红五军湘鄂赣边境支队第二纵队第七大队四中队）中队长王炳良，就任四中队党代表。从此，我开始了一生的革命戎马生涯。