Chapter 11 Chapter 2 Ma Mingfang in Southern Shanxi

In August 1948, Zhang Ziyi, deputy secretary of the Jinsui Branch of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, went to Yan'an to report to the Northwest Bureau on the work in the Jinsui Border Region.Afterwards, the Northwest Bureau reported to the Central Committee for a decision to change the liberated area in southern Shanxi under the leadership of the Jinsui Sub-bureau to the direct leadership of the Northwest Bureau, and Ma Mingfang, the deputy secretary of the Northwest Bureau, concurrently served as the secretary of the Southern Shanxi Working Committee of the Communist Party of China and the political commissar of the Southern Shanxi Military Region.Jin District consists of 3 divisions in the south: Xi County, Xinjiang, and Yuncheng, governing 31 counties (cities), with an area of ​​202,000 square kilometers and a population of 2.6 million.The leading organs of the party, government and army of the district are stationed in Linfen City.

In November 1948, Ma Mingfang, on behalf of the Northwest Bureau, went to Xing County, Northwest Shanxi to guide the Shanxi-Sui Branch Bureau to hold a party representative meeting. On December 3, Ma Mingfang telegraphed to the Northwest Bureau that he would leave for the Liberated Area in southern Shanxi on the 6th.Ma Mingfang went south from Xing County, inspected Xi County and some counties in the Xinjiang sub-region along the way, and arrived in Linfen in mid-December.After that, he continued to go south and inspected some counties in the Yuncheng sub-district. After a period of investigation and research, Ma Mingfang hosted the Jinnan District Cadres Conference at the end of December, and made an important report on the current work issues in Jinnan on the 29th.He said: We were in a scattered rural environment in the past and lacked experience in managing cities. We have to learn various knowledge of managing cities and leading production and construction.The Northwest Liberated Area is one of the five important strategic areas in the country. It is responsible for the great historical task of liberating the Northwest and developing the Southwest. All comrades should use their strength to do a good job. At present, it is mainly to do a good job in land reform, party consolidation and party building, and recovery and development. Production, management of the city and other four important tasks.In order to do a good job, we must promote learning, advocate democracy, and advocate self-criticism and mutual criticism.For Communists, learning is a kind of life and a responsibility.To learn all kinds of scientific knowledge, to learn Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, this is a matter of our life.Without theoretical knowledge, one will be trapped in one-sidedness and narrowness, and will not be able to understand things objectively, and will be trapped in ambiguity and lose direction at important turning points.But at present, we still generally lack cultivation in this area, and it has not yet attracted enough attention from cadres, especially senior leading cadres.Our theoretical level lags behind the development of the situation, which is dangerous for us. We should strengthen our studies and improve ourselves in all aspects.Democratic centralism is an important part of the theory of Marxism-Leninism, and it is also the fundamental principle of the party's life. At present, both inside and outside the party must vigorously promote democracy, establish democratic centralist leadership, and overcome the leadership and work methods of individual arrangements and doing things according to one's own way.As for self-criticism and mutual criticism, this is the driving force to promote the progress of the party and work. We must sincerely welcome criticism from others, and we must also sincerely criticize others. We must not turn criticism and self-criticism into vulgar and unprincipled entanglements.At the same time, Ma Mingfang also wrote an inscription for the newly launched "Jinnan Daily": "Newspapers are the best weapon for improving and educating party members, cadres and the general public, and are a barometer for measuring how well we are doing various things." Encouraging newspapers to guide Play its unique role in study and work.After this meeting of cadres, the Jinnan Working Committee made new arrangements for the land reform work in the whole region, that is, to complete the land reform work in the Pingchuan area of ​​southern Shanxi before the summer harvest in 1949, clearly stipulating that this is the most central task in all tasks. The first one; for areas that have undergone land reform, they should be divided into several types according to "whether the masses are mobilized", "whether the land distribution is good", "whether there are deviations in the implementation of policies", and take different measures to divide the land into different categories. The work of land reform is really done well.The Jinnan Administrative Office and the Propaganda Department of the Working Committee issued instructions and notices on the issue of land, housing and kiln certificates and the protection of cultural heritage in the land reform.The working committee successively held symposiums on literature and art work, secondary education conferences, etc., and helped Linfen and other cities to establish grass-roots trade union organizations and trade union organizations. Work-specific leadership.

On February 4 and 7, 1949, the Northwest Bureau held two standing committee meetings.Listen to Ma Mingfang's report on the work in Jinnan.Ma Mingfang mainly reported on land reform, urban work, cultural and educational work.He said: (1) About land reform work.It is necessary to distinguish different situations and provide guidance by category: from the period of the War of Resistance Against Japan to the present, in areas where land reform was carried out after rent reduction, liquidation, and implementation of the "May 4th" directive, and in areas where land reform was relatively thorough after liberation, the feudal and semi-feudal land system has been eliminated. Complete elimination or general elimination, for these two types of areas, in the process of issuing land certificates and determining land rights, individual or small-scale adjustments can be made to solve the problems left over from the land reform, correct the party's policies, consolidate the party and build the party, and unite the land. All working people in rural areas should develop agricultural production: for areas where land reform has not been thorough in the past, the masses should be mobilized and organized to carry out large-scale supplementary adjustments, and then land rights should be determined to develop production; for areas that have not undergone land reform, the correct In some places where Yan Xishan of the Kuomintang implemented the "combination of soldiers and farmers", land reform can be implemented on the basis of existing farming. (2) Regarding urban work.There are a number of small and medium-sized cities in southern Shanxi, where industry and commerce are quite developed. At present, the restoration and development of the handicraft industry that produces people's daily necessities and production tools should be the central link of urban work.In cities, it is necessary to strengthen organizational work among workers, students, women, shop assistants, apprentices, merchants, etc., deal with enemy personnel promptly and appropriately, establish people's representative conferences from all walks of life, strengthen the construction of urban political power, and promote urban work. (3) Regarding cultural and educational work.The first is to restore a large number of schools at all levels, increase political courses in the educational content, and gradually transform them; run the Northwest Military and Political University, the Jinnan Party School and various training classes well, and mobilize the vast number of unemployed and unemployed young people to enter various schools and training classes; strengthen political education. Ideological education, mobilizing a large number of educated young people to participate in the people's war cause and various construction work; establishing a literary and art association to strengthen literary and artistic work, and run newspapers well.On the basis of doing the above work well, the 1949 work plan of expanding the army, collecting food, and transferring cadres to support the new district was completed.

On March 1, the Northwest Bureau made the "Decision on Work in Southern Shanxi".The decision said: "After listening to Comrade Mingfang's report on the work in southern Shanxi, the Standing Committee of the Northwest Bureau fully agrees with Comrade Ma Mingfang's guidelines and implementation steps for various major tasks in southern Shanxi." Resolutely implement it in order to effectively support the Northwest People's War of Liberation and lay a good foundation for the future construction work in southern Shanxi." From March 17th to 27th, the Southern Shanxi Working Committee held a land reform production meeting to communicate and implement the "Decision on Work in Southern Jinan" of the Northwest Bureau.The meeting pointed out: "Before December 1948, due to the incomplete leadership of the working committee and the unclear division of labor, the timely research and guidance on the progress of work in various places was very insufficient. Comrade Ma Mingfang came in December and comprehensively studied the progress of work in various places. Later, according to different situations, southern Shanxi was divided into four types of regions, and the land reform policies and implementation steps for each region were determined." "It is estimated that the land reform tasks in areas with a population of more than 1.63 million in southern Shanxi may be basically completed before the wheat harvest."

From March 5 to 13, 1949, the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in Xibaipo Village, Pingshan County, Hebei Province. Ma Mingfang attended the plenary session. After the closing of the Second Plenary Session, Ma Mingfang returned to the Jinnan liberated area and held an enlarged meeting of the Jinnan Working Committee to convey and implement the spirit of the Second Plenary Session.He spent a few days at the enlarged meeting to convey in detail Chairman Mao's important report at the Second Plenary Session, and asked the whole party to concentrate on studying Chairman Mao's report for a period of time, and to deeply understand Chairman Mao's proposal in the report to promote the rapid progress of the revolution. National victory and the various policies for organizing this victory. Under the situation of national victory, the focus of the party's work must be shifted from the countryside to the cities. Urban work must be centered on production and construction, from an agricultural country to an industrial country, from New Democracy to socialism It is the direction of China's social development. After the victory of the people's democratic revolution, the "sugar-coated cannonballs" of the bourgeoisie will become the main danger to the proletariat. liberation. On April 19, Ma Mingfang made a summary report at the enlarged meeting of the Jinnan Working Committee, highlighting the issue of improving the party committee system.He said: Improving the party committee system is the need of the development of the objective situation, because the situation requires strengthening the leadership of democratic centralism.To strengthen and improve the party committee system, we must first promote inner-party democracy.At some meetings, few people speak. Although there are many reasons, the main reason is the leadership problem. The conclusion is made without discussion after the report is made. It is difficult to say whose "discussion" is "concluded".It is very bad for a place to have this kind of tendency.We must respect the opinions of the minority and the opinions of comrades who hold the opposite opinion. What they say has their own reasons. We should discuss with them, adopt part to part, and adopt all. Reason is precious.To be united, the unity of the party committee symbolizes the unity of the region. Generally speaking, if the party committee is united and unified, then the following problems can be solved easily. Love and criticize each other.To properly handle the relationship between the secretary and the committee members, the secretary of the party committee is different from the political commissar of the army. It is necessary for the secretary to make conclusions at the meeting, but the secretary does not decide everything, and the secretary does not have the final decision.It is necessary to promote a bold and responsible spirit within the party, bravely complete the work tasks that they have undertaken, and overcome the cautious state of mind and work style.If you ask for instructions everywhere.Restricting hands and feet is not conducive to the development of cadres and their ability to do their jobs well.Then there is the need to improve the level of Marxism-Leninism. If the party committee is complacent, it will be difficult to improve the masses and ordinary party members.In the study, we must study the shortcomings of leaders to find out the reasons and seek improvements. Good is good, bad is bad, and the law is the same from top to bottom. If you always report good news and not bad news, it is not good.Ma Mingfang also said that although some phenomena are a minority now, their impact is not good.For example, a county spent 800 shi of food to build a yamen, and some counties are in a hurry to build a martyr's memorial hall. It will not be too late to do these things in a few years, and the burden on the masses will be even greater now.The difference between us and the enemy is that we don't shy away from diseases and avoid medical treatment, we can tell what we have done wrong, and we can correct our mistakes.The common people approve of such cadres.

After the enlarged meeting of the working committee, the working committee issued important documents such as "Instructions on the Work of Party Building", and the Propaganda Department of the working committee issued the "Propaganda Outline on Launching the Production Movement in 1949", and held meetings such as the Jinnan Student Representative Conference , Combined with the reality of southern Jinan, combined with the actual situation of southern Jinan, publicize the spirit of the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee, and promote the smooth development of various tasks in the southern region of Jinan.

Land reform is the top priority in the liberated areas of southern Shanxi. The Jinnan Working Committee proceeded from the reality of southern Shanxi and paid great attention to solving specific policy issues in guiding the work of land reform. On December 20, 1948, Zhao Shougong, secretary of the Xinjiang County Party Committee of the Communist Party of China, wrote a letter to Ma Mingfang, secretary of the Jinnan Working Committee, and Zhang Jiafu, deputy secretary, asking for instructions on how to deal with the pawning of land and houses among farmers during the land reform. On December 25, Ma and Zhang replied in writing to Zhao Shougong: (1) If both parties are willing to die at the original price, the real estate can be used as a death contract. (2) If one of the two parties does not agree to die at the original pawn price, redemption is allowed; the original pawn price, whether it is counterfeit coins, Chiang Kai-shek coins or Baiyang, shall be repaid in kind according to the local price at the time of signing the contract. (3) If both parties are willing to continue the pawn relationship, there will be no interference. (4) If the two parties agree or through the mediation of the peasant association that they are willing to find a price to die, they can find a price to die. (5) If one of the two parties lacks real estate due to redemption, the peasant association shall try to make it obtain or purchase the necessary real estate. (6) If the value of the real estate acquired by redemption or death has affected their life, it should generally be compensated from the fruits stored by the local farmers' association or by other means. (7) After the land is divided equally, the sale price of the land lease shall be determined by agreement between the two parties.

On February 9, 1949, the Southern Shanxi Working Committee asked the Northwest Bureau for instructions on the distribution of land for stubborn and puppet officers. On February 20th, the Northwest Bureau reiterated that it should be treated on a case-by-case basis. Those who have committed major counter-revolutionary acts may not divide the land themselves, but those whose families have not participated in criminal acts and are willing to cultivate themselves should be given a piece of land; Pseudo-military officers should determine whether they are given the same share of land as peasants or supplement it at their own discretion according to their family composition, labor situation, poverty level, etc.

On February 10, 1949, the Jinnan Working Committee asked the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for instructions: There are many cases in which farmers in the southern Shanxi area concurrently engage in textile, transportation, and industrial and commercial sidelines, and it is often difficult to divide these situations into divisions. (1) When calculating household income, if household sideline labor income such as textiles and transportation is not deducted as capital cotton and grain, it is equivalent to double counting cotton and grain that have already been included in agricultural income Once, we thought it was inappropriate. When calculating the sideline income, the cost should be deducted, and only the net profit should be included in the total income. (2) Some of the women who spin and weave cloth are used entirely for their households, and some of them are sold as money to subsidize family expenses or as the "self-government" of the weaving women, and some of them are all used as "self-government". In terms of income, whether only what the family consumes is included in the total income, and those who are regarded as "self" do not need to count others.The central government agreed with the analysis of the Jinnan Working Committee, and pointed out that when calculating the amount of exploitation, if the sideline income is less than one-third of the total income, it does not need to be included in the total income; if it exceeds one-third of the total income, then It is not necessary to combine them in the calculation of the total income. It should be determined according to their agricultural production and sideline business conditions to determine whether they are rich peasants or middle peasants and handicraftsmen (or merchants, peddlers).

Landlords in southern Shanxi operate and lease water mills, but the handling varies from place to place. Some are considered feudal property and are confiscated and distributed to several peasant households for joint ventures. Some are regarded as industrial and commercial for protection, and some places are only allowed to operate independently Not allowed to rent and sell.In order to deal with it correctly, the Jinnan Working Committee asked the Northwest Bureau for instructions on March 25, 1949, and the Northwest Bureau sent a telegram on April 2: The water mill operated by the landlord is a means of production in the handicraft industry and should not be confiscated as feudal property; Those who have been confiscated and distributed during the land reform may not be returned, and the masses shall be organized to manage them well to facilitate production.

The timely introduction of these specific policies has played a very good role in the comprehensive and correct implementation of the party's land reform policy in the southern Shanxi Liberated Area. After the liberation of Taiyuan City, the capital of Shanxi Province, on April 24, 1949, under the order of the Central Military Commission, the 18th and 19th Corps of the North China Liberation Army will enter Shaanxi via the Shanxi Liberated Area to participate in the war to liberate the Northwest.In order to do a good job of supporting the frontline work of liberating the Northwest, Ma Mingfang called on the people of the whole region to work hard to produce, support the frontline, and defeat the Kuomintang reactionaries to liberate the whole of China at a meeting of people from all walks of life in southern Shanxi to commemorate May Day on May 1. On May 5, he, Wu Xinyu, director of the Jinnan Administrative Office, deputy director Huo Weide, and Ma Peixun, commander of the Jinnan Military Region, jointly issued a joint instruction from the CPC Jinnan Working Committee, Jinnan Administrative Office, and Jinnan Military Region Command to mobilize 17,000 A number of migrant workers and more than 700 livestock formed 2,810 auxiliary front stretchers and marched westward with the army. On May 22, he, Wu Xinyu and others jointly issued a joint instruction from the Jinnan Administrative Office and the Jinnan Military Region, and made specific arrangements for the logistics work along the march of the North China Liberation Army via Jinnan.The whole region immediately set off a mass pre-support climax, preparing grain, grinding noodles, rice milling, cleaning houses, building roads, building bridges, building ships, and doing everything possible to ensure that the transit troops have enough food, live well, and walk easily. Under the leadership of the Jinnan Working Committee of the Communist Party of China, the people of Jinnan District have made remarkable achievements in supporting the front. In 1949, a total of 1.407 million city stones of public grain (wheat) were collected in the whole region, accounting for 21% of the actual income of the masses; 21,481 migrant workers, 1,041 heads of livestock were mobilized, and 3,562 stretchers were organized to go to Lanzhou, Xining, and Yinchuan with the army; 12,000 people; support thousands of cadres in the Northwest and Southwest New Areas, including 885 cadres above the district level. In June 1949, the Shanxi Southern Working Committee of the Communist Party of China was abolished, and the Shanxi Southern Central Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China was established, under the direct leadership of the Jinnan Branch.Ma Mingfang returned to the Northwest Bureau, which moved to Xi'an.