Chapter 44 third quarter

This seems to be another Ye family army.At the beginning of China's earthquake industry, this Ye family army set out from Jiufeng Peak, and braved the wind and rain, and made their own way in the vast wasteland.On the eve of the founding of New China, Chiang Kai-shek issued an order to Li Shanbang, who was at the Nanjing Crystal Seismic Station, to relocate to Taiwan. In April 1950, the Institute of Geophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was established, with Zhao Jiuzhang as the director, and the Seismology Laboratory where Li Shanbang worked became a subordinate unit of the Institute of Geophysics.During this period, Li Shanbang presided over three earthquake training courses and trained nearly a hundred earthquake technical cadres.They also sent people to various places to select stations, and provided earthquake intensity appraisal at construction sites across the country; with the help of relevant experts from various institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, they extracted more than 15,000 earthquake records from more than 8,000 kinds of documents and compiled them into the "China Earthquake Data Table".Then, he selected destructive earthquakes in some areas for research, analysis, and comprehensive judgment of recent observation parameters. He concluded that there were 1,180 destructive earthquakes (1177 BC to 1955 AD), and compiled a catalog of major earthquakes, namely " "China Earthquake Catalogue" (the first episode), and compiled the earthquake catalogues of more than 2,000 counties, and put forward the forecasting opinions of earthquake hazards, that is, the "China Earthquake Catalogue" (second episode). In 1957, my country's first 1:5 million Map of Seismic Regions in China was published.On the other hand, Li Shanbang plans to deploy a seismic network across the country. In earthquake-prone areas, with the local benchmark as the center, set up a regional observation network, prepare high-sensitivity seismographs, and equip seismic investigation teams.These plans have largely been realized.

In addition to Li Shanbang, Qin Xinling, Fu Chengyi, Gu Gongxu, Weng Wenbo, Zeng Rongsheng and others made great contributions to the earthquake cause of New China. They are not only the pioneers of China's earthquake cause, but also the pioneers of China's physical prospecting cause. Speaking of physical prospecting, Ye Qisun's foresight still played a huge role. He established the "Applied Geophysics Department" as early as 1933. Gu Gongxu was the first public-funded student studying in the United States to pass the examination in this discipline.Gu Gongxu was originally a graduate of the Physics Department of Datong University in Shanghai. When he applied for Tsinghua University's public-funded international students, he wanted to pass the military engineering department and major in ballistics.Unexpectedly, there was only one quota for this subject, so Xiong Luanzhu, a fifth-level graduate of the Department of Physics of Tsinghua University, got the first place, and he was admitted to the subject of Applied Geophysics.According to regulations, he must go to Tsinghua University to take a one-year geophysics course, taught by three professors, Weng Wenhao, Ye Qisun and Yuan Fuli.In this way, Gu Gongxu worshiped under the name of Ye Qisun. In fact, the turning point of his life began after meeting Mr. Ye Qisun.

Gu Gongxu entered the Colorado School of Mines in August 1934 to study geophysical prospecting as a graduate student. After graduation, he worked for a period of time in the laboratory of Gutenberg, a famous geophysicist and seismologist at the California Institute of Technology. The double improvement in the field has laid a solid foundation for his future development in this field when he returns to China. In 1939, Gu Gongxu, who had just returned to China, took over a set of British electrical survey instruments from Weng Wenhao and started his several-year prospecting trip.From 1939 to 1946, he successively used the magnetic method, the resistivity method and the natural current method to carry out prospecting in various places in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan, and obtained many important gains.

The prospecting journey of Li Shanbang and Qin Xinling also started in 1939.It seems that it was unintentional. Because they first moved to Beibei, Chongqing, there was no seismic equipment or seismic data, so it was difficult to carry out observation work. In order to support the Anti-Japanese War, they decided to temporarily divert to mineral exploration.Li Shanbang once studied geophysical prospecting abroad. Based on his intuitive judgment of the mountains and rivers in the Southwest, he thought that if he cast a net, he might catch a big fish. The situation of the Anti-Japanese War was tense at that time. A direct contribution to the war against Japan.With this idea in mind, Li Shanbang took Qin Xinling to conduct exploration in Qijiang, Xichang, Huili, Panzhihua and other places in Sichuan successively. Sure enough, a huge reserve of titanium-containing magnetite was discovered in the Panzhihua area.Now, Panzhihua is an important steel base in my country, a newly emerging industrial city, who would have thought that the two pioneers of seismology in China would find the first pot of gold here.

In 1952, Gu Gongxu was appointed by the Ministry of Geology as the deputy director of the Department of Geology and Mineral Resources and the director of the Geophysical Prospecting Division, and later served as the director of the Institute of Geophysical Exploration.At the beginning of the founding of New China, he led technicians to explore 71 kinds of minerals in addition to the 18 kinds of minerals left in the old China, and found out the reserves of 64 kinds.For example, the Baiyun Obo Iron Mine in Inner Mongolia was discovered during this period.In order to cooperate with the first five-year plan, mineral exploration must go ahead.In order to train exploration personnel, the Ministry of Geology held the first geophysical exploration training class in Nanjing, with Fu Chengyi, Gu Gongxu, Qin Xinling, and Zeng Rongsheng as the teachers. The students consisted of university physics department graduates and a few high school graduates.The second training class was held in Beijing. Gu Gongxu gave lectures on electrical prospecting, and Qin Xinling gave magnetic prospecting, and led the students to field trips to mining areas.The Baiyun Obo in Inner Mongolia and the iron mines in Daye, Hubei were finalized by Qin.Many geophysical science and technology talents in my country came out of these two training courses, such as Xia Guozhi, Huang Xude, Qin Baohu and so on.Fu Chengyi has been engaged in the teaching of physical prospecting since then, and successively worked in Beijing Institute of Geology, Peking University, and University of Science and Technology of China, training a large number of scientific and technological talents for the new China.

Weng Wenbo started from Jiufeng that year, and later chose geophysical prospecting as a major. In the winter of 1939, Weng Wenbo, who received a Ph.D., returned to China with the gravity prospecting instrument he developed. He was hired as a professor by the Department of Physics of Central University and taught the first geophysical prospecting course in China. In 1941, he resigned as a professor and traveled all the way to the Yumen Oil Mine in Gansu, where he became an engineer. From 1941 to 1946, Weng Wenbo spent 6 years using modern physics to conduct an in-depth exploration of the oil landscape in western China.Before him, no one seemed to have done so, at least no one could gaze upon the land as lovingly as he did.Weng Wenbo has entered a new era with a lot of harvest - he created a formula that can calculate oilfield reserve prediction - the cycle model, which was demonstrated by his student Zhao Xudong and named "weng-cycle model" after Weng Wenbo's surname , He also published "China's Oil Prospects from Fixed Carbon Ratio" in an American academic journal. This paper later supported the confidence of an era.However, his works such as "Introduction to China's Petroleum Geology" and "China's Petroleum Resources" have actually outlined the rich appearance and brilliant prospects of China's oil reserves and exploration.

Before that, no one seemed to have spoken out to the world with such nuanced arguments and scientific inferences. Before that, there were only conclusions made by the Americans and Japanese about the appearance of China's oil. They said with one voice: China is an oil-poor country! Weng Wenbo, on the other hand, clearly listed oil-bearing locations in "Looking at China's Oil Prospects from the Perspective of Carbon Ratio", including Northeast China, North China, Sichuan, Central Plains, and Bohai Bay.In the "Zone Map of China's Oil-bearing Prospects" compiled in 1953, the Songliao Basin was once again clearly listed as an important oil-bearing prospect basin.

The first deep oil well in Chinese history was also drilled by Weng Wenbo. In March 1952, Weng Wenbo approached Chen Yu, Minister of Fuel Industry, and said that according to his exploration, there was a high possibility of oil and gas in Yan'an.He asked the minister to do something special and provide financial support. He wanted to drill a batch of 3,000-meter deep oil wells and bring out a big golden baby as a gift to New China.Minister Chen agreed to his request.But due to the shortage of funds, I decided to take a bite first.This well is located in Hujia Village, Yan'an, Shaanxi Province, and is called Yanshen No. 1 Well.From August 1952 to February 23, 1955, it took 3 years and the well was 2,646 meters deep. It drilled into the Ordovician rock formation formed 550 million years ago, and drilled the first oil well nearly 3,000 meters deep. It is a generous gift for New China, and it also provides valuable experience for my country's future oil exploration. At the same time, it is of extraordinary significance to the discovery of large gas fields in northern Shaanxi.

In March 1956, a body called the National Petroleum Geology Committee was established.The agency's primary task is to carry out extensive petroleum geological surveys across the country.As early as Weng Wenbo proposed in the "Zone Map of China's Oil-bearing Prospects" that the focus of oil search should be on the Songliao Basin in the northeast, but for some reason, this valuable suggestion has been shelved.In the 3 years of the census, 5 oil census teams were organized to search for oil in 5 directions: Xinjiang, Qaidam, Ordos, Sichuan, and North China, but they returned in vain, wasting 3 years in vain.At this critical moment, Gu Gongxu resisted all opinions and insisted on going to the Songliao Basin in the northeast for geophysical survey.Maybe he was already familiar with Weng Wenbo's works, maybe they talked often, in short, it was Gu Gongxu who led a big ship that deviated from the channel to the right direction.

In 1957, Gu Gongxu moved his team to Songliao. After a large-scale survey, he finally found an oil-forming structure, so he named it "Daqing Changtan". On the eve of the National Day in 1959, well No. 1 and Well No. 2 drilled oil sands, and Well No. 3 discovered an oil system with industrial value. Thus, the famous Daqing Petroleum Conference kicked off. On New Year's Day in 1992, Kang Shi'en, former Minister of Petroleum, met Weng Wenbo unexpectedly.Kang Shien swiped a pen and wrote the banner "Life is longer than Ao Tao" and gave it to senior Weng Wenbo.Coincidentally, Kang Shien is also a student of Ye Qisun.He was admitted to the School of Science of Tsinghua University in 1936, and was promoted to the twelfth level of the Department of Physics one year later.Instead of going south to Kunming, Kang Shien joined the revolution and left Tsinghua University.

This is another Ye family army.From the former minister of the Ministry of Petroleum, to the distinguished Weng Wenbo, Gu Gongxu, Fu Chengyi, Li Shanbang, and Qin Xinling, to Huang Shutang, Gu Zhenjin, Yang Guangqing, Qian Shaoxin, Chen Zujun, Xiong Guangchu, Zhang Gengji, and Zou, alumni of the Department of Physics of Tsinghua University who are fighting in the oil research front Guanghua, Lei Hairu, Zhao Wenjin, Zhang Jiaji, Nie Xinwu, Qian Ning, Yuan Xuecheng, Li Qingzhong, etc. This team, deeply influenced by Ye Qisun's scientific spirit of saving the country, wrote a story with their loyalty and enthusiasm in the era of building new China. A song of righteousness that stands out through the ages! During the days when Ye Qisun was in Chongqing, he also did a housework. There is a poem that says "the beacon fire lasts for three months, and the family letter is worth ten thousand gold".One day, Ye Qisun received a letter from his elder brother in Shanghai.Guanshan was blocked and rivers and mountains were broken, but this letter still stubbornly passed through the smoke of war and appeared on Ye Qisun's desk.The eldest brother talked about the family situation in the letter, especially the education of several children.After the war, Shanghai was occupied by the Japanese, and it was difficult for children to go to school.Now the youngest son (Ye Minghan) is in high school, and his two older sisters have finished high school and are preparing to apply for university, but in this situation, where do they go to school?After much deliberation, I had to ask my third brother for help. In Ye Qisun's mind, the appearance of the eldest brother appeared, this is a gentle and well-groomed face.Unlike the second brother, the eldest brother knows how to work hard, know how to work, and how to support a family.His marriage has improved his quality of life, and his sister-in-law's natal family runs a small river fleet, so their family's life is still affluent.But when the war came, the business of my sister-in-law’s mother’s family couldn’t be done, my elder brother’s position in the government stopped, the family’s income was gone, and my children had nowhere to go to school. Everything became worse and worse.He saw the anxious look of his elder brother in front of his eyes, and his heart ached. He was a little sad, for his family, for his elder brother, and for the helpless children. He quickly repaired a letter to reassure the eldest brother, saying that he would take care of the children's schooling.He said to let the children set off immediately after receiving the letter, and sent a road map with the letter, warning them that they must follow the route marked on the map, otherwise problems will occur, either they will be captured by Japanese soldiers or bandits Kidnapped. Ye Qisun's letter arrived in Shanghai in the late spring of 1942. For unknown reasons, it was not until October that Ye Minghan's siblings embarked on the westward journey according to their uncle's instructions. Ye Minghan once recalled: We took a boat from Shanghai to Jiujiang, and then to Nanchang.We waited for a while in Nanchang, mainly because there were some people who specialized in escorting to the mainland, we gave money, and they were responsible for sending us through the Japanese quarantine station in Nanchang.When there were too many people, it seemed that this ticket was enough, so they sent us secretly through the blockade.We took advantage of the dark night to board the ship in Nanchang and arrived in Ji'an.Then I took a car across Jinggangshan, passed through Hengyang, and then took a train to Guilin in Hengyang.We got off the bus at a small station called Jinchengjiang, and then changed to a large yellow croaker (charcoal-burning car) to Guiyang, from Guiyang to Kunming, and finally to Chongqing.We stop and go along the way, and walked for more than three months.Not to mention the wind, meals and camping along the way, it was also full of dangers.I was only fifteen or sixteen years old at the time, and because I was a boy, I had to take care of two older sisters. The deepest memory is when we passed through the Nanchang blockade, the underground smugglers asked us to tell them about our family background, who to look for in Chongqing What background, I did not tell them truthfully.I remember a girl who was with us went to Chongqing to find her father. Her father was a high-ranking official of the Nationalist Government in Chongqing. The girl told them the truth, but all the money and things she carried were blackmailed away.Because of her being a big fish, we all benefited from her credit, she saved money and avoided disasters, and we also got the careful arrangements of the smugglers, so that we were able to pass the blockade.On the way from Guilin to Guizhou, we also encountered bombing by Japanese planes, and watched as the arms and intestines of the people who were blown up were hung on the trees... When we arrived in Chongqing, it was already January of the second year.Like a group of beggars, we came to Chongqing, where we thought about day and night, and met our uncle whom we hadn't seen for many years.Only after we met him did we know that uncle is the director-general of the Academia Sinica, which is equivalent to the current executive vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. There are more than a dozen research institutes under him, and he has great power.My uncle loved us very much and made proper arrangements for us. I continued my high school studies in the Middle School Attached to Central University, and my two older sisters studied for exams.At that time, students who went to the mainland could receive relief rice every month after registering with the Ministry of Education.Our monthly pocket money is given by my uncle.Later, both sisters were admitted to universities, one was admitted to Fudan University, the other was admitted to a teacher training college, and I was later admitted to Southwest Associated University.Our tuition fees are provided by uncles. When I took the college entrance examination, I reported 3 schools: the Water Conservancy Department of Central University, Shanghai Medical College, and the Civil Engineering Department of Southwest Associated University.To my surprise, all three schools accepted me.I finally chose Southwest Associated University.I think this may be the reason why Southwest Associated University is so famous, and why my uncle is in this school.When I applied for Southwest Associated University, I once asked my uncle which major was better, but my uncle didn't express his opinion, saying that I should think about it myself.To be honest, I was good at physics in high school, and I really wanted to apply for the Department of Physics, but I was still a little scared, so I applied for the Department of Civil Engineering. At the time, I thought that entering the Department of Civil Engineering would at least solve my job problem in the future... When we were in college, we were advocating young students to join the army to fight against Japan, so I joined the Youth Army in January 1945 and served as an interpreter in the army.After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he continued to study. On May 4, 1946, Southwest Associated University announced its disintegration, allowing everyone to choose a school voluntarily. I chose Tsinghua University, and finally chose my favorite major—the Department of Physics.In this way, I finally became a student of my uncle.From 1946 to 1949 I was taught directly by my uncle. After graduation, I took the postgraduate entrance examination again. Qian Sanqiang was my advisor, and I became a student of my uncle's student. I studied accelerators with him.After that, I was assigned to the Institute of Atomic Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 1973, the Institute of High Energy Physics was separated from it, and I followed it out and served as the director of the institute until I retired... Ye Qisun never married and had no children.Among the immediate family members, Ye Minghan is the closest to him.From Ye Minghan’s interview, he learned that his uncle is very close to him, and his feelings for his uncle seem to be deeper than his feelings for his father. His uncle extended a helping hand when their family was in the most difficult time, and has been supporting his siblings 3 One of them went to work after college, so the two sisters have a deep affection for their uncle.In their minds, the uncle's position is paramount.But my uncle was very serious and strict with them.It is said that he has extraordinary eyesight, but what makes Ye Minghan puzzled is why his uncle didn't say a word when he chose a major? When the author interviewed Mr. Ye Minghan, he had just stepped down from the position of director.He has presided over many major scientific research projects, which can be said to have made great contributions.While talking eloquently, Mr. Ye Minghan shook his white hair, recalling a suspense in his weak crown years, as if he was asking history... During his time in Chongqing, Ye Qisun founded the "Journal" of the Academia Sinica - "Academic Transactions", which was officially published in Chongqing in May 1942. Facts.He opened a window that can not only conduct internal academic exchanges, but also attract stones from other mountains, which has won him the trust of many scientists. During the days in Chongqing, Ye Qisun also organized scientists to go to Gansu to observe the total solar eclipse.Although it may seem like an ordinary scientific research activity, for the formerly scattered scientific community, this collective activity is like a solemn ceremony, a demonstration of group power.Scientists know that Academia Sinica is a family, a whole, a powerful force, and a strong belief. At the same time, they also know that Academia Sinica has a good master——Ye Qisun. This year, Ye Qisun also attended the first National Defense Science and Technology Promotion Association in Chongqing and was elected as a director. From September 1941 to June 1943, Ye Qisun worked in the Chongqing Academia Sinica for nearly two years. During these two years, he did a lot of practical things. Nong, getting farther and farther away from his ideal expectations, so he has the idea of ​​​​retiring. Ye Qisun's sudden resignation surprised Zhu Jiahua who recommended him at the beginning. He didn't understand why Ye Qisun resigned suddenly. In view of Ye's strong request, Zhu Jiahua had to approve it. Regarding the reason why Ye Qisun left the Academia Sinica, a colleague of the Academia Sinica once revealed a thing or two to Ye Qisun’s niece, and there are probably the following points: 1. Can't get along with Fu Sinian; 2. It is inappropriate to leave teaching for a long time; 3. When I left Kunming, I asked for leave from the United Nations General Assembly. According to the regulations at that time, it could not exceed two years. How could these colleagues understand the real reason why Ye Qisun left in a huff.It is said that his departure is related to Zhu Jiahua's politicization in Academia Sinica.He once said that Zhu Jiahua didn't really want to run Academia Sinica well, and it's meaningless to work there!Ye Qisun has never been interested in politics and parties.When the Academia Sinica edited the "Academic Transactions", Ye Qisun once recommended He Chengjun as his assistant.Ye Qisun found that He Chengjun was very passionate about politics and often read the "Xinhua Daily". One Sunday morning, when the newspaper was late, He actually went downstairs several times to check whether the newspaper had come.This made Ye Qisun a little dissatisfied, and he said to He Chengjun, "You seem to take everything in the world to heart." At that time, if high-level intellectuals went abroad to study, they had to go to the "Central Training Corps" run by the Kuomintang to receive training before they could go abroad to study.Once, several Tsinghua alumni who were in the training group came to see him at the institute, all of them dressed in the military uniforms of the training group, and they were full of air.After sending them away, Ye Qisun said to He Chengjun beside him: "Scientists nowadays are too interested in politics." In Ye Qisun's mind, the best way to stay away from politics is to return to coaching. However, Ye Qisun's decision surprised the teachers and students of the United Nations University. 1943 was the most difficult year in Kunming. Many professors couldn't eat enough to eat and couldn't afford clothes, so they could only live by selling their belongings.And Ye Qisun's life in Chongqing can at least be comfortable and comfortable.At this time, he resolutely returned to school for his ideal, which is not comparable to ordinary people.Huang Ziqing once said this to Lin Feng: "Qisun is really a good person. Life in Kunming was very difficult back then. I sold almost everything and it was not enough. The whole family almost starved to death. Director General, life in Chongqing will be better no matter what, but Qisun will quit after a while and go back to Kunming to suffer." For Ye Qisun's return, Mei Yiqi naturally wished for it.His return to school is a blessing for himself, for Tsinghua University, and for Union University.