Chapter 26 first quarter

On the night of May 20, 1930, the Tsinghua campus suddenly became noisy, and the students walking out of the auditorium shouted slogans, showing the effect of silhouettes in the flickering lights.Since then, the expulsion of Luo Jialun kicked off.Two days later, Luo Jialun announced his resignation. There was a huge vacuum in Tsinghua Park for a while. Since Zhou Yichun, the competition between principals and principals in Tsinghua University has attracted attention in an intensified manner.Shuimu Tsinghua, Yin Zhaolian from the Qing Dynasty described it as "the mountain outside the sill has experienced thousands of changes in spring, summer, autumn and winter, and it is extraordinary. Its interior can also be said to be the epitome of Chinese society.Before this, Tsinghua University had been governed by bureaucrats, politicians and party members one after another. So, can there really be experts and scholars in the long school?

Ye Qisun spared no effort to fight for this. As early as 1927, when Cao Yunxiang was the principal, Ye Qisun advocated going to Cao Zhumei, and the principal Mei Yiqi—— Tuesday, November 8 clear.Classes are constant.Tang Deyuan came from 9-10 in the morning.Yang Rujin came again.And Ye Qisun Hanzhao met at his house on 11-12.Lord Ye did not help Cao, but promoted Mei as the principal and Liang as the chairman.Please wait for it. ("Wu Mi Diary" 1925-1927 volume, p. 432) In Tsinghua University, Ye Qisun was probably the first and the earliest to recommend President Mei Yiqi.But at that time, Ye Qisun spoke lightly, and his cry did not seem to have aroused much repercussions. Without the records in "Wu Mi's Diary", this earliest trace would be almost unknown.

In the early days of Tsinghua, it is said that there were many people who coveted the throne of Tsinghua president.The world was roughly divided into Peking University faction, Nankai faction, Southeast faction, Ministry of Foreign Affairs faction, Ministry of Education faction, Beiyang faction, Zhili faction, Tsinghua faction, etc. After Cao Yunxiang left, Beiyang Zhili diplomacy was missing from many factions. Outside the school, the Kuomintang has intensified its efforts to control Tsinghua University, and the desire of various colleges and universities to get involved in Tsinghua University is also increasing. Even in the young and strong school of Tsinghua Garden, they represent different interests because of their different backgrounds.

Qian Duansheng is known as the "Peking University School".Although he used to be a student of Tsinghua University, he is not as authentic as Ye Qisun. He is a transfer student, and the first unit he worked for after returning from the United States was Peking University rather than Tsinghua University, so he has a strong flavor of Peking University: "Qian Duansheng is Peking University in Tsinghua University. A seed, but it has not germinated at this time." ("From Tsinghua Academy to Tsinghua University", p. 79) Qian Duansheng advocated Hu Shi to come to Tsinghua University. He once said to Hu Shi: "We must not let Guo (Bingwen) ) Come, after much deliberation, the most appropriate way is to trouble you." He said to Hu Shi that if he could come, he could act as an internal response and beat drums as a sign: "Our number is not large, but we also have three points of potential. Although you have to rectify it, we will do our best to help." However, Hu Shi criticized in his letter: "I am willing to consider your proposal, but I am very unwilling to try to promote it." Hu Shi is willing to come to Tsinghua University Principal's.But he didn't want to make a name for himself, and he didn't want to enter Tsinghua through private means. He wanted to come to Tsinghua in a grandiose way of "marrying a matchmaker". Unfortunately, Cao Yunxiang didn't succeed this time, and Hu Shi's entry into Tsinghua was delayed.

Zhu Junyi and Yang Guangbi are called "Nankai School".Because Yang Guangbi was born and bred in Tianjin, he always had a deep nostalgia for people from Nankai; while Zhu Junyi was from Zhejiang, and had no experience of studying and working in Nankai, probably because he had a good personal relationship with Zhang Pengchun and traveled a lot. , so it is called "Nankai School". The "Nankai School" was a card of the "Ministry of Foreign Affairs School" in the early days of Tsinghua, because Huang Yanpei, Tao Xingzhi, and Guo Bingwen from the south were all interested in Tsinghua.Tao Xingzhi once used the pen name "Liang Da" to criticize Tsinghua in the magazine "New Education" edited by him, saying that under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Tsinghua had little achievements to speak of.He mobilized the leaders of the national education circles to call for Tsinghua, and then prescribed a prescription to manage Tsinghua.Tao Xingzhi even took advantage of Tsinghua’s meeting to give a speech among the students, pointing out that the main reason why Tsinghua repeatedly gave in to Nankai was that some bureaucrats of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs wanted to silence the voice of the “Southeast University Group”.However, Zhu, Yang, and others did not accomplish much, neither during the "Expelling Zhang Movement" nor when Mei Yiqi was excluded.

And Chen Yinke once pushed Principal Liang Qichao. Liang Qichao had already expressed his willingness to be the president of Tsinghua University when Cao Yunxiang resigned for the first time. There were 3 similar expressions in "Wu Mi Diary": Monday, November 23, 1925 In the evening, go to the mansion.He also visited Liang Rengong and Wang Wenxian together with Zhang, and Liang was willing to be the principal. Wang said that this matter was all related to the meaning of the external authorities. Tuesday, November 24, 1925 From 8 to 9 in the evening, I got a Cambodian recruit and paid a visit to Liang Rengong.Liang is willing to inquire about the school's inside information about the principal, but he plans to use Yu Shaosong as the confidential director.It is also said that if this matter is decided, it should be agreed by Zhongshu.Also, Hu Shike was hired to come to the research institute and so on...

Wednesday, December 16, 1925 5-6 Take Liang as the public recruit, go.Talk about the principal.Liang Yuan was appointed as the principal, with the policy of (1) maintaining the status quo, (2) not changing the policy (going abroad, etc.), and (3) respecting Zhang Zhongshu's status.Mi Bi immediately persuaded Zhang Zhongshu to join by pretending to be a mediator, and unanimously recommended Liang Rengong... At the end of 1927, when the problem of the principal of Tsinghua University reappeared, Chen Yinke advocated Principal Liang Qichao: "From 7 to 8 in the evening, I interviewed Chen Yinke and talked about school affairs. I hope to set up a compilation department, and Mi always thinks about it. Mi is pessimistic, fearing that Liang will come and party members will spread all over the place, and there will be crowds of followers. However, those of our generation who have a certain purpose and status cannot be heard by the authorities... "("Wu Mi Diary" 1925-1927 volume, p. 430)

Perhaps because he had insight into Liang Qichao's desire to be the principal, Cao Yunxiang showed a reluctant attitude.Cao himself was not a pure bureaucrat, but he was not a true scholar either.Running a school is impossible without a famous teacher, so he hired Liang Qichao, who was famous for a while, and Chen Yinke as an exception.However, from time to time, when Liang Qichao showed extraordinary enthusiasm for the principal, another characteristic of him was revealed.One of the bad habits of Chinese officialdom is to use skills to control people.The trouble of the artisan is overstepping, and anyone who reaches out to ask for it will be punished.Cao Yunxiang invited you Liang Qichao to teach, not to let you covet the throne of principal.When I get impatient, I can give it to others. This is called a reward. If you stretch out your hand for no reason, this is called trespassing. It should be hit!This may be the underlying reason for the dispute between Cao and Liang at that time.Analyzing from another angle, the reason why Cao Yunxiang disagreed with Liang's taking over seems to be the result of his deep understanding of teaching rules.Liang is a famous scholar, celebrity, and celebrity, but Liang has too many social activities. Can he devote all his mind to running a school?In addition, he is in poor health and has been sick all year round. Can he cope with the busy government affairs of the university?It should be known that running a university is not like running a private school in the past, relying on fame alone can support the appearance, and there are many practical and trivial tasks to be done, and Cao Yunxiang's concerns are not unreasonable.In fact, Wu Mi also had concerns about whether Liang Qichao could be a good principal.From this point of view, Cao Yunxiang's opposition to Principal Liang Qichao is not alone in Tsinghua University.

Perhaps because of the above reasons, when the Ministry of Foreign Affairs reorganized the board of directors of Tsinghua University again, both Cao and Liang seemed to be trying to see each other. In Wu Mi's words, "the situation where Cao and Liang are fighting each other is becoming more and more exposed."Due to the regulations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the principal was elected by the directors, and Liang Qichao was ranked first in the board of directors at that time.However, Liang Qichao declared before the reorganization meeting: "Except for the fact that the principal will never take up the post, the position of director, due to the historical relationship, cannot be taken for granted." His oath aroused even greater suspicion in Cao Yunxiang.According to Cao's analysis, Liang is bound to win the post of president of Tsinghua University, but now that the news is suddenly released, he is afraid that it is a trick to get him.That being the case, why don't you use an excuse to expel Liang from the board of directors and let him completely stop thinking about the principal.So Zhu Junyi was instructed to make a layout. In the research institute where Liang Qichao worked, he found a freshman named Wang Sheng who wrote to the council, saying that Liang had been on long-term sick leave and had misunderstood his children.Cao Yunxiang deliberately mimeographed this letter to Liang Qichao to encourage him to resign voluntarily.Liang was really furious and determined to leave in a huff.Unexpectedly, the students of the research institute spontaneously organized, went to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to appeal for Liang's retention, and demanded that the principal be replaced.

Cao Yunxiang played with fire and set himself on fire. At the end of 1927, he submitted his resignation to the Foreign Office. The result of the dispute between Cao and Liang was a loss for both sides, "Since Cao resigned, Liang will not be a principal." After Cao, the successors are all like you, and I will appear on the stage after singing, and they flashed by. When Luo Jialun took office, Tsinghua University began to become a real national university.However, Luo's political background made it difficult for him to cooperate with scholars.Wu Mi said that Luo didn't trust Mei Yiqi, Ye Qisun and others, so he didn't have to move forward, and took a wait-and-see attitude.

Although Luo Jialun said "I don't know that there is a so-called school faction", but in office, he still relies heavily on professors from Peking University.For example, he appointed Yang Zhensheng to replace Mei Yiqi as provost, and Feng Youlan as the dean of the Faculty of Arts.Although he also respected the status of the Council, on the other hand, he used the "National Tsing Hua University Regulations" to limit and restrict it.Although he declared that "I personally don't join any faction in the party", everyone knows that without the background of the Kuomintang and Luo Jialun's own efforts, he would not have come to Tsinghua University in his early 30s anyway.He was not as good as Liang Rengong and Chen Yinke in literature and history, Ye Qisun and Xiong Qinglai in mathematics and science, and Jin Yuelin in philosophical research. With his qualifications, it was enough to be a real professor at Tsinghua University.Because of this, in Tsinghua Garden, there was a profound confrontation between his party consciousness and the Tsinghua tradition of advocating academic independence and freedom of thought.Every school, no matter how big or small, will form its own unique tradition as long as it continues for decades or hundreds of years.Tradition is a smell, a thing used to distinguish ethnic groups; it is also a habit, a way of thinking that has been formed over time; it is also an aesthetic concept and a value judgment.All traditions are related to history. You can change the present, but it is difficult to change history.Since the beginning of the Kuomintang, it has embarked on the transformation of Tsinghua's traditions. Although there are reasonable parts, the main purpose is to tame, so it has little effect.Luo Jialun implemented the "four modernizations" transformation of "discipline, militarization, academicization, and cleanliness" of Tsinghua University with "party-state new instruments" (some say "cleanliness, academicization, civilianization, and discipline"). But it was generally disgusted by Tsinghua students.Feng Youlan concluded, "Among the 'four modernizations', the academicization was the most successful, the disciplined implementation was mediocre, and the militarization failed completely." Before Luo Jialun's defeat at Tsinghua University, he "convened the think tanks Feng Youlan and Guo Tingyi and others to discuss", and Feng Youlan and Guo Tingyi advocated that he resign to save face.Luo accepted. "So Luo's resignation was not only due to political factors, but also his disappointment with Tsinghua's academic style. This is the reason why Yan Xishan insisted not to return to Tsinghua after his failure." ("From Tsinghua Academy to Tsinghua University", pp. 31-32 Page) The "Tsinghua style of study" that Luo Jialun hates is actually Tsinghua's academic tradition.Although Luo Jialun is powerful and powerful, facing the tradition of Tsinghua University, he can only lament that "it is easy to shake the mountain, but difficult to shake the tradition of Tsinghua University". Although Luo's departure was caused by the expulsion of students, another reason was also due to the current situation. On January 9, 1930, Yan Xishan publicly broke with the Nanjing government. In early April, Yan and Feng Chen fought in the Central Plains, and in early May, Chiang Kai-shek vowed to crusade, and the Central Plains War kicked off.Yan and Feng soon took control of North China, and Beiping was also under their control. How could Luo Jialun, who had been an aide to Chiang Kai-shek, not leave? Historical data prove that the expulsion of Luo Jialun's students was not all for the "Tsinghua style of study", but some of them were incited: "Jiang Tingfu also said that when Yan and Feng opposed the central government, some students around Yan's instigated a student movement against Luo. The principal. Jiang did not specify who, but the Ta Kung Pao publicly identified Bao Mingqian, the representative of the Tsinghua Alumni Association in Peking. Zhang Renjie (1931, Department of Economics), the leader of the student union, said that at first he had no background. After Principal Luo left, there were two A senior from Tsinghua University, a professor from Peking University, came to talk to me, "Ask me if I want to invite seniors from Tsinghua University to come back to preside over my alma mater for this campaign, and I answer yes." That's why these two seniors proposed Qiao Wanxuan." ("From Tsinghua University" School to Tsinghua University", p. 3) Qiao Wanxuan entered the field of vision of Tsinghua people. Qiao Wanxuan, a graduate of the 1919 class of Tsinghua University, graduated from the Political Science Department of the University of Wisconsin, and received a master's degree and a doctorate degree in law from Columbia University.After returning to China, he served as a judge of the Temporary Court of the Shanghai Concession, a professor of the Law School of Soochow University, an associate professor of the Law School of Central University, and the director of the Shanxi Party and Political College.From his resume, it can be seen that his final foothold has returned to the political circle, and his real identity is Yan Xishan's staff and township party. Luo Jialun left.Before the dust from his uniform riding boots had settled, another party and government official came.Tsinghua Garden, is this your destiny? Ye Qisun lived in such a fate. Ever since Cao Yunxiang, Ye Qisun had pinned on Mei Yiqi as the principal candidate.Ye Qisun is neither a sage nor a prophet. His choice comes from the conscience and value judgment of scholars in that era.Chen Yinke chose Liang Qichao, and Qian Duansheng chose Hu Shi. Like Ye Qisun, the principal candidates they locked were scholars rather than others.The standards they choose actually entrust the ideal vision of a generation of scholars.But as far as the three people are concerned, it seems to be slightly different.Chen Yinke's choice of Liang Qichao, in addition to sincerely adhering to Ren Gong's knowledge and character, was also mixed with willful and ruthless elements.At the time when Cao Yunxiang attacked Liang Rengong and the Academy of Chinese Studies, Cao instigated Zhu Junyi to direct the freshman Wang Xing to write a false accusation against Liang in an attempt to squeeze the old man away. Unexpectedly, everyone saw through. Zhu and Wang were extremely embarrassed. In desperation, Cao had no choice but to get out of his shell, and Zhu Junyi could only throw his pawns to save the car. Wang Xing was the worst.In such a situation where the other party is completely disintegrated, Chen Yinke advocates beating the dog in the water. He advocates that the student Wang Xing simply go to the school affairs meeting and the council to expose the whole story, don't take Zhu and Cao's face into account, and let everyone feel happy. one time.Faced with his attitude, Wu Mi, as a good friend, said that he "proudly destroys the evil and helps the virtuous, but he is full of emotion and emotion, which is really too indulgent, not his usual calm attitude". ("Wu Mi Diary" 1925-1927 volume, p. 434) It can be seen from this that Mr. Chen Yinke's advocacy of supporting Principal Liang is inevitably motivated, and at least it is not well thought out.As for Hu Shi proposed by Qian Duansheng, it can be seen from his own words and deeds that he cannot escape the small group consciousness.Relatively speaking, when Ye Qisun proposed Mei Yiqi, he was thoughtful and far-sighted. Cao Liang feuded, and both sides suffered losses.In the end, Cao sadly left Tsinghua University, and Liang Qichao was also admitted to the hospital.During this period of time, Chen Yinke, Wu Mi, and the professors of the young school seemed to be united under Ye Qisun's proposal, and proposed to let Mei Yiqi act as the principal. If not, the council would elect professors to take turns as principal.We lack the information on how Ye Qisun "unified" all the professors, and the only trace left is Wu Mi's account of this incident: "Chen Yinke was recruited on 7-8 in the evening. After talking, we know that President Cao is about to leave. Now recommend Mei Yi Qi temporarily acted as the principal with the dean of the dean, in order to solve the problem quickly and avoid coveting and reassuring the hearts of the people in the school. Yin Ke has sent a letter to Liang Rengong to recommend Mei to Wang Yintai, the Minister of Foreign Affairs. If Liang Shang hesitates, he plans to send Mi to Tianjin to pay a visit Liang's persuasion is like this. Yin Ke has become the central figure in sending out instructions for recent events..." The date of this diary is November 12, 1927.Just 10 days ago, Chen also advocated pushing Liang Qichao: "Yinke insisted that Liang Gong come to the principal school, Yun is better than Cao." ("Wu Mi Diary" 1925-1927, p. 430) Only 10 days later, Chen Yinke changed his course , and wrote a letter to Liang very enthusiastically, asking him to recommend Mei Yiqi, and if he could not make up his mind, he asked Wu Mi to go to Tianjin to lobby.Compared with the previous attitude, it can be said that he is a different person.The person who promoted Mei Yiqi first in Tsinghua Garden was Ye Qisun.Obviously, Ye Qisun was the only one among the young professors who could change Chen Yinke's mind and exert such a profound influence.We don't know the details of this, and history has not left any historical data for us to support, but with the close friendship between Ye Qisun, Chen Yinke and Wu Mi, and Ye Qisun's leading role in the Young Talents School of Tsinghua University, what happened to Chen Yinke No matter what inferences were made, the change in the situation would be related to Ye Qisun.From Wu Mi's own attitude towards Tsinghua's school affairs, we can see how much friends rely on Ye Qisun. When Wu Mi first came to Tsinghua, due to his age, seniority and reputation, he was appointed as the director of the Office of the Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences from the very beginning, and he was also a member of the school's highest authority, the School Affairs Council.At this time, Ye Qisun was only an ordinary associate professor in the Department of Physics.However, because Wu Mi is too bookish, emotional, sensitive and suspicious at the same time, it is inevitable that he will be criticized in handling school affairs and interpersonal relationships.Ye Qisun, on the other hand, exchanged his perseverance and forbearance for the respect of his colleagues, and after a year, he joined the leadership of the school and was on an equal footing with Wu Mi.Especially for school affairs, after several setbacks and ups and downs, Wu Mi has completely convinced Ye Qisun in his heart.He once said: "Gai Mi will follow Ye Qisun and President Chen to advance and retreat with respect to the school bureau." What a picky person Wu Mi is, he picks out even Chen Yinke's slight carelessness in dealing with others, and he is obedient to Ye Qisun From this, it can be seen how much he admires Ye. Wu Mi relies heavily on Ye Qisun in school affairs, does it also affect his friend Chen Yinke? In short, before Luo Jialun entered Tsinghua University, the criteria for the selection of principals by the Young and Strong School seem to have been unified on the following points of consensus: First, no party affiliation, second, profound knowledge, third, noble personality, fourth, able to develop Tsinghua, fifth, reputation. This standard is exactly copied from Mei Yiqi's portrait. This kind of handwriting cannot help but remind people of Ye Qisun and the group of young professors behind him. However, Luo Jialun's entry into Tsinghua University provided a reverse example of the ideal principal standard in Tsinghua University. His expulsion reflected a reality, that is, Tsinghua University rejects any party-colored principals! Now, just as Luo left, another uninvited guest came to Tsinghua Garden. Qiao Wanxuan has classmates with Ye Qisun, Wu Mi and others. He is a graduate of Tsinghua School in 1919, and he can be regarded as Wu and Ye's junior.Since he came from Tsinghua University, of course he understands the unique nature of this school.He used the relationship of the Tsinghua Alumni Association to send people to infiltrate Tsinghua University and weave cliques among the teachers and students. Luo Jialun's expulsion was actually part of their conspiracy.After Luo's departure, his focus shifted to attracting and seducing professors, perhaps the official position, or the benefits of permission, and he did his best to plan for a rainy day.Wu Mi was offered the post of provost in exchange for "assistance" when Qiao came to Tsinghua University.Because of the camaraderie of classmates, Wu Mi didn't like to offend his classmates, but he also felt unwilling to let him cheat and follow the crowd.Under Qiao's offensive, the situation in Tsinghua Campus is in jeopardy. Even the members of the Senate seem to be helpless: "Go to the Senate at 8-10 in the evening. Everyone has no opinion on school affairs, but decided to ask Dean Wu Zhichun to return to school However, everyone has their own prejudices, falsely respecting each other, defrauding each other, concealing others and avoiding others. This kind of mentality and form is all over China. Everything is bad because of this. Mi louse in the body, there is always a lot of dissatisfaction, And I can't cheer myself up, so I feel gloomy at night." ("Wu Mi Diary" 1930-1933 volumes, p. 79) Difficult to decide, although Wu Mi was "constantly dissatisfied", he was "unable to cheer himself up". Under such circumstances, he had no choice but to ask his old friend Ye Qisun for advice.After listening to Ye Qisun's analysis and judgment on school affairs and state affairs, Wu Mi thought it was reasonable, so he made the decision that "Gai Mi will follow Ye Qisun and Mr. Chen to advance and retreat with the school bureau". At this time, Ye Qisun was elected by Tsinghua University as the acting chairman of the school council and the acting principal when Luo Jialun left. This is the first time Ye Qisun has served as acting principal. Mr. Wu Mi's respect for him is of course not because of his acting principal, but because of the attraction of his noble personality.Regarding the whole story of this incident of rejecting Joe, he revealed specific information in his "confession materials" decades later—— Soon, the influence of the warlord Yan Xishan expanded to Beiping. Yan had not yet arrived in Beiping, but he had appointed Chu Xichun (now Beijing, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference) as the commander of the Beiping garrison.About mid-July, I received a call from Luo Longji from Shanghai. I can’t remember the text of the telegram. The actual content was: Shanghai Tsinghua Alumni Association supports Qiao Wan’s election as president of Tsinghua University. People) have contacted, and I hope that the staff and students in the school will support it.This telegram was dismantled and read by the Documentary Department before it came to my hands. Only after I read it did I know that Qiao had a conspiracy with the principal.I have no choice but to publish this telegram in the school magazine, otherwise the school staff will think that I am involved in Joe's conspiracy.I also added a few notes to the telegram, which essentially said: The authority to manage Tsinghua lies with the Nanjing Ministry of Education, and the Shanghai Tsinghua Alumni Association has no right to intervene.After the announcement of this telegram, all the staff and students of the school knew about Qiao Zhi's conspiracy, so they could make some preparations.Qiao is a 1919 graduate of Tsinghua University. After studying in the United States, he specialized in law. After returning to China, he worked as a lawyer and a judge. In terms of knowledge, opinions and character, he is not satisfactory.Soon, Joe came to the school to take up his post, but he was rejected by all the students from the gate...