Chapter 11 10 Dear Comrade Zhou Enlai fought in Chongqing

Comrade Mao Zedong once pointed out: "The united front, armed struggle, and party building are the three magic weapons for the Chinese Communist Party to defeat the enemy in the Chinese revolution."Comrade Zhou Enlai's battle in Chongqing promoted the development and growth of the anti-Japanese national united front, and was a shining example of the whole party's implementation of the united front policy. Before the Xi'an Incident, Chiang Kai-shek flew to Xi'an in person in order to implement his reactionary traitorous policy of "to fight against the outside world first, to secure the country inside". He planned to hold a high-level military meeting and arranged to attack the Red Army.The Northeast Army headed by Zhang Xueliang and the Northwest Army headed by Yang Hucheng who were stationed in Xi'an at that time were influenced by our party's anti-Japanese national united front policy. They demanded to stop the civil war and unite to resist Japan, but Chiang Kai-shek refused.Thus, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng arrested Chiang Kai-shek, and the Xi'an Incident broke out.At the invitation of Zhang and Yang, the Party Central Committee sent Comrade Zhou Enlai to represent our party to negotiate with Zhang Xueliang, General Yang Hucheng, and the arrested Chiang Kai-shek. advocated, contributed to the formation of the anti-Japanese national united front.After the Anti-Japanese War began, the Party Central Committee sent Comrade Zhou Enlai as the representative of the Party Central Committee to carry out united front work in the Kuomintang-ruled areas, and served as the Secretary of the Southern Bureau to lead the work of our underground party in the Kuomintang-ruled areas.After the fall of Wuhan, the Japanese imperialists intensified their activities to lure the Kuomintang to surrender, and the Kuomintang reactionaries' anti-people face of passive resistance to Japan and active anti-communism became more and more exposed.Reactionary decrees such as "Measures for Handling the Alien Party Issue" and "Implementation Plan for Handling the Alien Party Issue" followed one after another, and soon, the first anti-communist upsurge was set off.

In late October 1938, the Japanese invaded Wuhan, and the Kuomintang retreated in a panic.Comrades Zhou Enlai and Ye Jianying finally evacuated Wuhan, passed through Changsha and other places, and arrived in Chongqing in December.Chongqing is the center of the Kuomintang's reactionary rule, the struggle is very sharp, and the situation is extremely complicated.Comrade Zhou Enlai has always firmly implemented our party's policy of adhering to independence in the united front, adhering to the War of Resistance, adhering to unity, and adhering to progress, developing progressive forces, winning over intermediate forces, and opposing die-hard forces. Reasonable, beneficial, and restrained struggle.At that time, the "Zhou Mansion" in Zengjiayan, Chongqing, the Eighth Route Army Office in Hongyan, and the "Xinhua Daily" in Hutouyan, Hualongqiao became the center of attention of the people in the Kuomintang ruled area, and the voices of the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao came from here. , so that the people saw the bright future of victory through the dense fog.

In order to break the Kuomintang's blockade and distortion, and let the masses understand the party's propositions, principles and policies, Comrade Zhou Enlai personally led the work of "Xinhua Daily".He said: "Xinhua Daily is a banner for the party to persist in the war of resistance, unity, and progress in the Kuomintang-ruled areas. Xinhua Daily should act as the mouthpiece of the people in the 'rear area'. It must dare to speak the truth and be good at telling the truth." Although he is very busy with his daily work, he has to attend important meetings inside and outside the party, contact with the masses, talk with patriotic democrats, progressive cultural circles, the media and other people in various fields, and also personally carry out foreign affairs activities. , but when he came back late at night, he had to review the editorials and important news in the newspaper, and often wrote editorials, monographs and other articles for the newspaper by himself, constantly exposing the dark rule of the Kuomintang, publicizing the achievements of our Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army, and mobilizing the Kuomintang-ruled areas. Millions of people rose up to fight.

Comrade Zhou Enlai also actively carried out progressive cultural work.In the early days of the Anti-Japanese War, the Kuomintang once invited our party to participate in the work of the Political Department of the Military Commission. Comrade Zhou Enlai served as the Deputy Minister of the Political Department, and Comrade Guo Moruo served as the Director of the Third Department.Under the leadership of Comrade Zhou Enlai, the third hall united a large number of progressive cultural workers, and carried out a wide range of patriotic and anti-Japanese cultural activities through patriots and progressive masses in the cultural, educational, and media circles, organizing anti-enemy theater troupes and propaganda teams, He went to various places to publicize and perform, publicized our party's anti-Japanese proposition, opposed the Kuomintang's surrender activities, developed progressive publishing, and published Marxist-Leninist theoretical books, such as the three volumes of "Das Kapital", "Selected Works of Lenin" and some works of Stalin.Also published Chairman Mao's "On Protracted War" and "Reforming Our Learning" and other rectification documents.In Chongqing, Guilin, and Kunming, many progressive publications were also established to publicize progressive ideas.In the areas ruled by the Kuomintang, an unprecedented cultural upsurge was formed.

In developing progressive forces, Comrade Zhou Enlai paid special attention to focusing his work on workers, young students and women.He instructed the party staff in the Kuomintang ruled areas to "make friends, study hard, and investigate and research diligently", and to make friends among workers, employees, and young people.He once instructed the "Youth in Wartime" sponsored by the Youth Committee of the Southern Bureau to not only talk about politics, organize young people to study Marxism-Leninism theory, but also care about the lives of young people.At that time, the inflation in the Kuomintang ruled area, even if the young students received some public funds, they still couldn't eat enough, didn't wear warm clothes, and had no money for medical treatment when they were sick. Life was very difficult. "Youth in Wartime" exposed the crimes of corruption and persecution of young people by the Kuomintang education authorities, and supported the struggle of young students.He also paid attention to the work of the National Federation of Students and Women's Federation at that time, competed with the Kuomintang and the Three Youth League for the younger generation, attracted more young people to the party, and continued to send progressive youth to the anti-Japanese base areas behind the enemy.

Comrade Zhou Enlai has a very high prestige among the broad masses of the Kuomintang ruled areas.The masses in the rear are eager to see his demeanor and listen to his speech. In September 1940, Germany, Italy, and Japan were very aggressive in the world. After the British retreat in Dunkirk, they blocked the Burma Road in order to appease Japan.The United States also held talks with Japan in Tokyo and Washington in an attempt to compromise with Japan at the expense of Munich in the Far East of China.Coupled with the reduction of financial aid from Britain and the United States, supplies could not be shipped in, and prices soared.The reactionary Kuomintang government, which had always relied on foreign countries, was now more vacillating and more blatantly anti-communist.What will happen to the international situation?Will the situation of the united war of resistance break down?Can the war of resistance be fought?These questions weigh heavily on people's minds, hoping to get the right answer.At this time, Comrade Zhou Enlai delivered a famous speech "International Situation and China's Anti-Japanese War" at the speech meeting held by the China Vocational Education Association.As soon as the news of the speech came out, it caused a sensation in the entire mountain city.The location of the lecture was originally scheduled to be in the urban experimental theater. Workers, students, women, soldiers, employees, and civil servants who participated came from all directions early on. The upstairs and downstairs were already crowded with people. The venue was changed to the playground of Bashu Primary School in Zhangjia Garden, which can accommodate more audiences.It was crowded with people.Although the speech was carried out surrounded by the Kuomintang military and police, the crowd was engrossed, and the venue of thousands of people was in order.Comrade Zhou Enlai thoroughly analyzed the international situation at that time and the future of China's war of resistance in a high-spirited and forceful voice, pointing out that the imperialist war was expanding for a long time. There are illusions about imperialist foreign aid.The victory of the war of resistance mainly depends on self-reliance and hard work. As long as we persist in unity and fight to the end, victory will definitely belong to us.He said: "Our combat is only the four minimum requirements of people, wealth, food, and ammunition. As long as we have the minimum living, we can fight to the end."He pointed out that the U.S. aid to China was obtained by China in exchange for tungsten sand. This money should be used for the War of Resistance, and not added to the U.S. dollar deposits of the four families of Jiang, Song, Kong and Chen in the Bank of America.The speech lasted nearly 4 hours, and he always maintained a full fighting spirit.The whole speech runs through Chairman Mao's brilliant thoughts expounded in "On Protracted War", ruthlessly exposing the true face of the Kuomintang's corruption and incompetence and seeking selfish interests through the war of resistance, full of national righteousness and belief in victory, and greatly inspired people's hearts.The audience gave thunderous applause from time to time.This speech swept away the pessimistic and disappointed atmosphere at that time, and strengthened the confidence of the people of all walks of life and people from all democratic parties to resist the war to the end.Many foreign journalists who were present at the time immediately sent news abroad, which also aroused strong reactions internationally.

Comrade Zhou Enlai also did a lot of work to win over the middle forces. In 1939, after the Kuomintang openly implemented a reactionary policy of passive anti-Japanese and active anti-communism, the few rights that the anti-Japanese parties and progressive forces had won in the early days of the war of resistance were all abolished.Under our party's call for the Kuomintang to implement democratic politics, and under the direct influence and promotion of Comrade Zhou Enlai, democrats such as Shen Junru, Zou Taofen, Huang Yanpei and other democrats in the National Political Council organized the "Unified National Comrades Association" as a political force Work with our party to fight against the Kuomintang reactionaries.Comrade Zhou Enlai also carried out the work of uniting and fighting for overseas Chinese and local forces in the Southwest.After the overseas Chinese patriotic Tan Kah Kee returned to China, he was introduced by Comrade Zhou Enlai to visit Yan'an and was received by Chairman Mao.Based on his personal experience, he praised that only Yan'an was clean in China.His speech caused a great shock in Chongqing and had a great influence among overseas Chinese.Southwest democrats such as Zhang Lan and Xianying also provided us with their own residences, such as Xianying's "special garden", which was used as a meeting place for Comrade Zhou Enlai and people from all walks of life.Comrade Zhou Enlai also did a lot of work in dividing and winning over the top figures of the Kuomintang. Well-known figures like Feng Yuxiang who originally had sharp conflicts with Chiang Kai-shek became friends of the Communist Party through Comrade Zhou Enlai's hard work.In this way, Comrade Zhou Enlai pointed out the direction for the struggle of the democratic parties and supported the anti-Japanese faction within the Kuomintang with his hard work, which isolated the stubborn forces represented by Chiang Kai-shek to the greatest extent.

The "Southern Anhui Incident" that shocked China and the world in January 1941 was the second anti-communist upsurge set off by the Kuomintang reactionaries.The danger of capitulation and secession was unprecedentedly high.In the face of this reactionary countercurrent, the policy of the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao is "'that is, treat the person with the same way', fight against fight, pull against pull", and implement the "revolutionary two-faced policy". ".According to the instructions of the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao, Comrade Zhou Enlai led our party to launch a heroic counterattack and struggle in the areas ruled by the Kuomintang.

On January 4, 1941, the Kuomintang reactionaries broke their promises and carried out a sudden siege and attack on more than 9,000 members of our New Fourth Army who were ordered to move to the north bank of the Yangtze River in the Maolin area of ​​Jing County in southern Anhui.The commanders and fighters of our New Fourth Army fought arduously and fought for seven days and nights. They were outnumbered and ran out of ammunition and food. Except for more than 1,000 people who broke through, most of them died heroically. Comrade Ye Ting, the commander of the army, was detained. On January 4th, the radio station set up on the third floor of the Eighth Route Army Office in Chongqing received an urgent telegram from the headquarters of the New Fourth Army about being surrounded on the way north. On the 5th, telegraph contact decreased, and finally contact was completely interrupted. On January 17, Chiang Kai-shek brazenly issued a counter-revolutionary order, slandering the New Fourth Army for "rebellion", and announced the cancellation of the New Fourth Army's designation.At that time, Comrade Zhou Enlai was furious and called He Yingqin.He reprimanded He Yingqin on the phone and said: "Your behavior hurts the loved ones, and the better ones are quickened. You have done what the Japanese invaders wanted to do but could not."After he finished speaking on the phone, "You, He Yingqin, are the eternal sinner of the Chinese nation", he angrily dropped the phone receiver.During the period from January 4th to January 17th, he often stayed up all night and dealt with things calmly and decisively.

In order to expose the atrocities committed by the Kuomintang reactionaries, Comrade Zhou Enlai instructed "Xinhua Daily" to write a report on the truth of the Southern Anhui Incident and comments against Chiang Kai-shek's reactionary orders.Because the reports and comments were suppressed by the KMT’s news censorship agency, he wrote in extreme anger and pain: "Sorrow for those who died in the south of the Yangtze River!" "The inscription. "Xinhua Daily" published an inscription signed by him on the 18th, expressing deep condolences to the officers and soldiers who died in the New Fourth Army, solemnly condemning the counter-revolutionary crimes of the Kuomintang, and exposing to the whole country and the world Chiang Kai-shek's conspiracy against the Communist Party and the people, undermining the War of Resistance, and undermining unity. The Kuomintang was very embarrassed and extremely isolated.

In order to create the illusion of unity and peace, the Kuomintang tried in vain to ask our party's political participants to attend the political meeting.The seven senators of our party published the deletion of telegrams and put forward 12 measures to deal with the aftermath as a prerequisite for attendance.Due to the mediation of various democratic parties, political councilors Dong Biwu and Deng Yingchao in Chongqing proposed to stop the military offensive, recognize the legal status of all parties, restore Ye Ting's military post, and release the detainees of the New Fourth Army, etc., but they were not accepted by the Kuomintang. , So I resolutely refused to attend the Political Council, exposing Chiang Kai-shek's reactionary face of false unity and real division. Because the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao appointed Comrade Chen Yi as the acting commander of the New Fourth Army, he countered Chiang Kai-shek's counter-revolutionary orders; Our party expresses its deep sympathy and the condemnation of the international public opinion. In a word, due to our party's tit-for-tat struggle, the Kuomintang's second anti-communist upsurge finally ended in failure. Comrade Zhou Enlai is a proven proletarian revolutionist. He foresaw that although the Kuomintang did not dare to completely break up the relationship between the two parties, we must proceed from the worst situation and make all preparations.In accordance with the Party Central Committee's policy of concealing and leaning, long-term ambush, accumulating strength, and waiting for opportunities in the Kuomintang-ruled areas, Comrade Zhou Enlai transferred some comrades who were working in the Southern Bureau, Chongqing Office, and Xinhua Daily to Hong Kong to open up a new stronghold to strengthen the struggle against the Kuomintang.And help democrats, writers, scholars transfer.For the transfer work, he personally made arrangements for them to arrive safely.After arriving in Hong Kong, many party members and people outside the party set up "Hua Shang Bao" and other progressive publications. Some famous people also established the "Democratic Political Group Alliance", forming another center of democracy and progressive culture.They wrote articles and published political opinions in Hong Kong, exposing the Kuomintang's conspiracy to launch a civil war and prepare to surrender, which had a great influence on international public opinion and overseas Chinese. After our party and our army repulsed the second anti-communist upsurge, Chairman Mao pointed out: "This struggle shows the decline of the status of the Kuomintang and the improvement of the status of the Communist Party", pointing out that "the Kuomintang has done nothing to our party and the progress in the area under its rule." The oppressive policy and anti-communist propaganda of the faction will never be relaxed, and our party must be more vigilant.”But at the same time, Chairman Mao also emphasized that it is necessary to correct the "miscalculation that the Kuomintang and the Communist Party have finally broken up or will soon break up and many incorrect opinions arising from it."It emphasizes that while preparing for the worst possibility, we must strive for the good possibility and make it a reality.Comrade Zhou Enlai firmly followed Chairman Mao's instructions, led the forces of the Kuomintang-ruled areas and overseas parties, actively used the opportunity, and waged fruitful struggles to turn good possibilities into reality. Since the Southern Anhui Incident, although the Kuomintang has continuously strengthened its fascist rule, and later took advantage of the dissolution of the Third International to set off an anti-communist upsurge again, the united front work of our party, first of all, the united front work in the cultural and intellectual circles has deepened. development of.Due to the high-pressure policy adopted by the Kuomintang, although our activities have been more restricted, under the leadership of Comrade Zhou Enlai, our party has adopted flexible and diverse methods, such as commemorating Lu Xun, mourning Zou Taofen and other ways to contact and unite the cultural circles .The progressive literature and art movement in the Kuomintang-ruled areas continued to carry forward the fighting tradition of revolutionary literature by studying Chairman Mao's literary and artistic thoughts, and wrote many works that exposed reactionary rule and inspired the people's fighting spirit, especially theatrical activities were very active.Several historical dramas written by Comrade Guo Moruo are very popular.For example, the play "Qu Yuan", through Qu Yuan's accusation of the dark politics of Chu State, expresses the aspirations of millions of people against the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang.It was a historical play, and it was scolding the ancients, but it was actually the dictator at that time.After Comrade Zhou Enlai watched the play, he personally wrote a review of the play.On the surface, it is a commentary on operas, but in fact it is about politics. It is a lively, sharp political essay.It is through this method, on and off the stage, inside and outside the theater, to denounce the Kuomintang reactionaries and express public indignation.Due to the upsurge of the progressive literary and artistic movement, the literary and artistic frontiers were further expanded, which had a positive impact on exposing the dark unity of the Kuomintang, educating and encouraging the masses to fight for the resistance and democracy. During this period, thanks to the hard work of Comrade Zhou Enlai, people in the national business circles also moved closer to our party.At that time, the economic situation in the areas ruled by the Kuomintang was deteriorating day by day, and the contradiction between the four big families of Chiang, Song, Kong and Chen and the national bourgeoisie became increasingly acute.Through inflation and unified purchase and sales, they intensified their plundering of the masses and oppression of the petty and middle bourgeoisie.Comrade Zhou Enlai also did a lot of work in order to win over the national business people.Once, in a discussion with business people, he listed the amount of bristle, tung oil, and raw silk exported by the KMT-ruled area in exchange for foreign exchange every year. Since the four major families of the KMT reactionary government controlled foreign exchange, they settled with the business community in fake legal currency, plus currency Expansion and other factors caused exporters to suffer huge losses, which revealed the truth about the plundering of the four major families to the industrial and commercial circles, which amazed the participants.They said: "We have been engaged in export business for many years, but we can't figure it out. It is unexpected that Mr. Zhou, as a politician, knows the economic situation like the back of his hand. It is really admirable and moving." At that time, the newspaper sponsored by the Chongqing Chamber of Commerce The Commercial Daily was originally an anti-communist newspaper.We took advantage of the conflict between the Southwest business circles and the KMT to expose the KMT's inflation and corruption through the "Business Daily", and encouraged the business circles to fight to increase the purchase price of bristle and other export materials, increase the labor payment of flower gauze and ship freight, "Xinhua Daily" Then they gave support in public opinion and forced the reactionary Kuomintang government to make some concessions.From 1944 to 1945, there were 360 ​​lines in the industrial and commercial circles, and several industries petitioned, made demands, and held press conferences almost every day, which made the Kuomintang hard to cope and embarrassed.The national bourgeoisie used to dare not speak out against the Kuomintang, but now they are fighting against the Kuomintang, and they can get some benefits, and they also associate with the Communist Party.Comrade Zhou Enlai said: "In 1941 only the cultural and educational circles drew close to us, and in 1945 the national bourgeoisie also drew close to us." Our united front has expanded even more, and the party's influence has become even wider. In 1944, the Japanese invaded aggressively along the lines of Ping-Han, Guangdong-Han, and Hunan-Guizhou. The Kuomintang troops fled, and the vanguard of the Japanese invaded all the way to Dushan in Guizhou.The Kuomintang regime is in a precarious state.At that time, the people had already seen through the corruption and incompetence of the Kuomintang, and pinned their hopes on the Communist Party.At this time, the student movement in Kunming was flourishing, and the mass movement in Chongqing was also active. Especially through the mass struggle to mourn Hu Shihe, the waves of the mass movement became more magnificent.Hu Shihe was a worker of the Chongqing Electric Power Company. He was shot and killed for preventing secret agents from stealing electricity. "Xinhua Daily" called on the working class and people from all walks of life to protest against the atrocities committed by the spies, which received widespread response from people from all walks of life and the public opinion circles. A huge memorial service was held.The victory of the struggle has further united the broad masses, educated the centrists, and attacked the diehards.The prestige of our party in the Kuomintang-ruled areas is even higher. In short, during the Anti-Japanese War, our party's work in the areas ruled by the Kuomintang has withstood the severe test of three anti-communist upsurges, and the party's influence has expanded even more.Our party united the broad masses of the people and the democratic parties in the Kuomintang-ruled areas to carry out political struggles, not only effectively cooperating with the armed struggles in the liberated areas, but also accumulating strength for the decisive struggle after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.All this is the result of Comrade Zhou Enlai's correct implementation of the Party's policy of the anti-Japanese national united front. Comrade Zhou Enlai fought in Chongqing, as many foreign commentators have said, he was not only the representative of the Communist Party to the Kuomintang, but also the representative of the Communist Party to the entire outside world.At that time, the British and American ambassadors in Chongqing all took the initiative to visit the Chinese Communist Party delegation.After the outbreak of the Pacific War, people from Western countries such as Britain and the United States visited Chongqing very frequently. Among them were the upper-level figures of the ruling class, such as the US Vice President Wallace, the leader of the Republican Party Wilkie, and the Laura sent by the US President Roosevelt as an adviser to Chiang Kai-shek. In Ironmore, there are liberals who sympathize with progress; there are civil servants, journalists, professors, and professional soldiers.Although some of them supported the Kuomintang, Comrade Zhou Enlai had extensive contacts with these foreigners, tried his best to influence them and win them over, so that they could have a more correct understanding of China's problems through practical understanding.Many foreigners believed that the liberated areas and anti-Japanese armed forces led by the Communist Party were the backbone of the war against Japan.Xie Weisi, an American diplomat stationed in Chongqing at the time, said in an article recalling Comrade Zhou Enlai: "He tried to make us agree with his (and his party) views on China and the world-he believed in these views. But , and he does so by calm reasoning, clear diction, soft talk, extensive history and world knowledge, and an astonishing knowledge of facts and details, people will be persuaded (or educated) but not be convinced, and will not be blamed for holding different opinions." Comrade Zhou Enlai used his abundant energy and excellent work ability to correctly express the position of our party, persuaded and influenced many people, and thus won the international In the united front, more foreign friends were united, which greatly benefited the complete isolation of the U.S. and Chiang Kai-shek reactionaries after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, and accumulated experience for the diplomatic work after the founding of the People's Republic of China. On August 15, 1945, the Japanese imperialists announced their unconditional surrender, and the Anti-Japanese War won the final victory. After eight years of arduous war of resistance, the people of the whole country longed for a peaceful, democratic and united situation in China, but the Kuomintang wanted to monopolize the fruits of the war of resistance and continue to maintain the one-party dictatorship and fascist rule.Frightened by the pressure of public opinion, and in order to buy time to prepare for the civil war, they had to resort to political deception and invited Chairman Mao to Chongqing for peace negotiations.At that time, the Kuomintang estimated that Chairman Mao would not go to Chongqing, so they cast a smokescreen for negotiations in an attempt to place the responsibility for breaking peace on the Chinese Communist Party. Chairman Mao had an insight into the conspiracy of the Kuomintang.In order to strive for peace, and in the process of striving for peace, to expose the true colors of U.S. imperialism and the Kuomintang in undermining peace and provoking civil war, so as to facilitate the unity and education of the broad masses of the people, regardless of personal safety, it was decided on August 28, accompanied by Comrade Zhou Enlai , Fly to Chongqing to negotiate with the Kuomintang.Chairman Mao's great revolutionary action shocked the whole of China.At that time, the people in the mountain city rushed to tell each other, their hearts were full of joy, and they regarded Chairman Mao's arrival as "the dawn of a democratic China." During the 43 days of negotiations in Chongqing, Comrade Zhou Enlai worked hard day and night, negotiating with the Kuomintang as a representative of our party according to Chairman Mao's decision.Chairman Mao's arrival in Chongqing came as a surprise to the Kuomintang reactionaries.They were unprepared for the negotiations, not even a single plan. They were helpless in the face of our party's proposals for a series of peaceful and democratic nation building. Drag Chairman Mao to Chongqing.In order to reach an agreement in the negotiations and expand the influence of our party, Comrade Zhou Enlai accompanied Chairman Mao to extensively meet with people from all walks of life, held many symposiums of various parties, factions and people from all walks of life, introduced the negotiation situation, and explained that the key to the failure of the negotiation to reach an agreement is The Kuomintang was unwilling to give up its one-party dictatorship and to establish a democratic coalition government. Instead, it attempted to completely abolish the People's Army and the Liberated Areas led by the Communist Party under the pretext of "unifying military orders" and "unifying government orders."At the same time, clarify our party's sincerity for peaceful negotiations and listen to opinions from all sides.In this way, the masses were greatly won, the people's democratic united front was expanded more widely, and public opinion pressure was exerted on the Kuomintang reactionaries.Comrade Zhou Enlai also held several press conferences for Chinese and foreign journalists, which further mobilized progressive public opinion both at home and abroad. Because the soldiers and civilians in our liberated area repelled the attack of the Kuomintang army in the Shangdang area, coupled with the strong voice of the people of the whole country against civil war and demanding peace and democracy, and the pressure of international progressive public opinion, the Kuomintang finally had to change its policy of endless delay in negotiations. , On October 10, the "Minutes of the National and Communist Party Talks" (the "Double Ten Agreement") was signed.In this summary, the Kuomintang apparently had to agree with the "basic policy of peaceful nation-building" put forward by the Chinese Communist Party, acknowledged that the so-called "political training" of the Kuomintang should be ended quickly, and the Kuomintang had convened a political consultative meeting, thus bringing the negotiations to fruition.Chairman Mao returned to Yan'an victoriously. During Chairman Mao's stay in Chongqing, Comrade Zhou Enlai was always inseparable from Chairman Mao for the sake of Chairman Mao's safety, and stayed together day and night. From security work to living arrangements, they were meticulously arranged and taken care of personally.He taught us again and again: "The Chairman's every move, and all issues are related to the party's cause and the interests of the people of the whole country", and we must especially strengthen the security work for Chairman Mao.He also personally did the work of the military police and car drivers sent by the Kuomintang as guards, ensuring Chairman Mao's safety in Chongqing. When Chairman Mao was in Chongqing, he was deeply impressed by the political enthusiasm of the broad masses of people in the Kuomintang-ruled areas who supported the Communist Party, loved Chairman Mao, upheld peace and democracy, and opposed civil war and dictatorship.Chairman Mao pointed out in his report "About the Chongqing Negotiations": "When I was in Chongqing this time, I deeply felt that the broad masses of people warmly supported us. They were dissatisfied with the Kuomintang government and pinned their hopes on us. I also read Many foreigners, including Americans, are very sympathetic to us. The majority of foreign people are dissatisfied with the reactionary forces in China and sympathize with the strength of the Chinese people. They also do not approve of Chiang Kai-shek's policies. We have many friends all over the country and around the world. We are not isolated. Those who oppose the civil war in China and advocate peace and democracy are not only the people in our liberated areas, but also the people in the rear areas and the people all over the world." It is a very good evaluation of Comrade Zhou Enlai's great achievements in implementing the anti-Japanese national united front policy in Chongqing. After the "Double Ten Agreement" was signed, Comrade Zhou Enlai continued to fight against the civil war and fight for the convening of the Political Consultative Conference. During and after the negotiations in Chongqing, the Kuomintang army's attack on the liberated areas not only did not restrain in the slightest, but intensified.Under the influence and help of our party, the progressive people's organizations in the Kuomintang ruled areas have become more and more aware of the true colors of the reactionaries, and have risen to fight.People from all walks of life in Chongqing established the Anti-Civil War Federation, calling on workers, students, businessmen, and all taxpayers to stop the civil war through strikes, strikes, school strikes, and refusal to pay taxes.When the massacre of students occurred in Kunming, the Kuomintang's reactionary policies of dictatorship, betrayal, and civil war aroused public indignation across the country, and the mass patriotic democratic movement reached an unprecedented climax. Under the active struggle of the CCP delegation headed by Comrade Zhou Enlai, the Kuomintang had to sign an armistice agreement on January 10, 1946 and hold a political consultative meeting. The focus of debate at the CPPCC meeting is still the two main issues of the army and the government that were not resolved in the "Double Ten Agreement", and the struggle is very complicated and intense.The Kuomintang reactionaries tried in vain to "nationalize" the people's army first by using the so-called trick of "nationalizing the army first and then democratizing politics".On the other hand, some people in the middle held the illusion of establishing a bourgeois dictatorship in China, and put forward the "hope" that "the Communist Party will make some military concessions, and the Kuomintang will make some political concessions."Comrade Zhou Enlai pointedly pointed out that the Kuomintang's so-called wishful thinking of "nationalizing the army first and democratizing politics later" is "you give me the army first, and then I will give you democracy", so that they can eat up the people's army.He pointed out that political democratization is a prerequisite for the nationalization of the military.The Communist Party of China must never "transform" the armed forces of the people into a country under the fascist one-party dictatorship of the Kuomintang.Without the people's armed forces, there will be no people's democracy.After the Kuomintang has eaten up the people's army, it will inevitably pounce on the people and eat up the people's democracy.Therefore, the solution to the nationalization of the military should and can only be done in accordance with what Chairman Mao pointed out in "On the Coalition Government" "When a new-democratic coalition government emerges in China, the troops in the liberated areas of China will immediately be handed over to the It. But all Kuomintang troops must also be handed over to it at the same time."Comrade Zhou Enlai's speech not only exposed the conspiracy of the Kuomintang reactionaries, but also criticized the fantasies of some middle-aged people. During this period, Comrade Zhou Enlai was busy attending talks and exchanging opinions with people from all walks of life from morning to night. He also held a report meeting at night to analyze the situation and study plans with his comrades.He said: "Among you are from the army, from places, and from schools. Your opinions represent a certain group of people, which can inspire us to think more and take care of them more comprehensively." Comrades under the inspiration of Comrade Zhou Enlai , always speak freely and discuss seriously.After the report meeting, he often had to prepare relevant written materials and write reports to Chairman Mao and the Party Central Committee in person.In this way, he did not know how many sleepless nights he had at that time. Since the CPPCC resolution was not conducive to the fascist rule of the Kuomintang's one-party dictatorship, the Kuomintang reactionaries deliberately sabotaged it from the very beginning.Long before the closing of the CPPCC, they ordered the spies to create the "Cangbaidang Incident", insulting the CPPCC representatives who went there to give speeches, and sent military police to illegally search the residences of the CPPCC representatives.After the closing of the CPPCC, on February 10, the Kuomintang agents created the "Jiaochangkou Incident" in Chongqing, wounded more than 60 people including Guo Moruo, Li Gongpu, the chairmen of the CPPCC's success celebration meeting, and journalists. The shameful onslaught of the pro-democracy forces under way.At the same time, with the support of U.S. imperialism, the Kuomintang frantically violated the armistice order and launched a full-scale civil war.Under such circumstances, Comrade Zhou Enlai, regardless of personal safety, always insisted on uniting democratic forces from all walks of life in the Kuomintang ruled areas, and waged unremitting struggles against the reactionaries.Comrade Zhou Enlai did not return to Yan'an until the Kuomintang reactionaries captured Zhangjiakou, brazenly convened the Puppet National Congress, attacked the liberated areas in an all-round way, and finally tore off the mask of peace talks.However, under the leadership of the Party, the anti-hunger, anti-civil war, and anti-persecution movements, mainly workers and students, including people from all walks of life, developed rapidly in major cities in the Kuomintang-ruled areas. In the backyard of the Kuomintang reactionaries , A raging fire was ignited, and the revolutionary united front formed the second front to encircle the Kuomintang reactionaries, effectively coordinating the victorious development of the War of Liberation.The Kuomintang reactionaries were finally submerged in the vast ocean of the people's democratic revolution. Comrade Zhou Enlai worked in Chongqing for 8 years, in order to implement the party's anti-Japanese national united front policy, no matter how sharp the struggle and how complicated the negotiations were, he was always brave and resourceful, showing great determination and outstanding fighting ability against the enemy , achieved great victories and successes.Chairman Mao spoke highly of Comrade Zhou Enlai's loyalty to the party, heroism against the enemy, and tireless work during this period of work of Comrade Zhou Enlai.Recalling Comrade Zhou Enlai's fighting history during this period of work, his lofty ideological qualities, indomitable revolutionary spirit, and leadership style of modesty, prudence, hard work, setting an example, and tireless teaching are all unforgettable for a lifetime. The life of the beloved Comrade Zhou Enlai was a life of glorious fighting for the cause of communism, a life of continuous revolution, a life of being bright and upright, noble and great.His lofty qualities of a proletarian revolutionary will always be an example for our entire Party, military and people to learn from.