Chapter 17 Section 2 Southern Song Ci
The bold and unrestrained Ci school founded by Su Shi did not develop until the Southern Song Dynasty.The literati who were driven to the south of the Yangtze River by the Jin people saw the broken mountains and rivers, experienced the pain of the country's destruction and family destruction, and no longer had the heart to linger on the scene and mock the wind and the moon, but poured their patriotism into their poems and wrote a lot of poems. Generous elegy and fierce works of Shen Xiong.Zhang Xiaoxiang's "Six States Getou" is representative:
The poet stood on the bank of the Huaihe River and looked towards the fallen Central Plains, but saw a desolate scene of vast borderlands.Flying dust covers the sky, the autumn wind blows fiercely, and there is no sound (because the Southern Song Dynasty did not resist and the war subsided), which makes the poet extremely depressed and angry!Recalling that year (the first year of Jingkang, 1126 A.D.) when Jin soldiers captured Bianjing and captured the two emperors of Hui and Qin in the Central Plains, this was probably a doomed doom, which could not be redeemed by manpower. The sacred places in the area of , Surabaya and Jurchens are also polluted by the smell of Jurchen cattle and sheep.On the opposite side of the Huai River, the Jin people set up tents with felts and became their residence. At sunset, flocks of cattle and sheep returned from grazing, and military outposts were lined up everywhere.At night, the generals (named kings) of the Jin soldiers came out to hunt (also for training and demonstrations). The cavalry held up torches to illuminate the field brightly, and the beating of beards and drums merged into one, which made people's hearts jump when they heard it.The upper column describes the scenery, and the lower column turns to lyricism.The author thinks that the feathered arrows and the sword in the box were originally used to kill the enemy, but due to the non-resistance of the capitulators, they were covered with dust and eaten by moths, and in the end they achieved nothing.Time is wasted, the ambition to serve the country is in vain, and the year is coming to an end, and the old capital Shenjing still cannot be regained.The capitulators are still playing with the so-called soft policy, but they are actually deceiving themselves and others. "Ganyu Fang Huaiyuan" uses an allusion in "Shangshu·Da Yumo": Dayu once adopted a strategy of attacking the mind of the unsubmissive Miao people, making people dance with Gan (shield) and Yu (feather), which made the Miao people dance. The nation bowed its head and bowed its head.This is a hard-to-believable legend, and using this allusion is a bitter satire on the capitulators.In this way, the beacon fire on the border has been extinguished, and there is no truce.At the same time, the peace envoys sent by the Southern Song Dynasty, wearing top hats (crowns) and sitting in cars with canopies (covers), ran back and forth between the two countries. Don't you feel ashamed?It is said that the adherents in the Central Plains led the way to look south, looking forward to the return of the Song Dynasty emperor's canopy (cuibao, canopy decorated with feathers) and ceremonial guards (neijing, rainbow-like ceremonial banners), but they failed every year.Seeing this situation, the envoys (pedestrians) with a sense of justice filled their chests with loyalty and indignation, and tears poured down.This poem is full of emotion, rushing straight down, majestic, generous and desolate. After reading it, it makes people feel emotional. It can be regarded as a masterpiece of Southern Song Ci.
Among the unrestrained poets, Xin Qiji achieved the highest achievement.Among poets, he is as famous as Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty, and is also called "Su Xin".
Xin Qiji (AD 1140-1207), courtesy name You'an, nicknamed Jiaxuan.He was born in Jinan, an enemy-occupied area. He received his grandfather's cultural education and patriotic education since he was a child, and set up a grand ambition to make contributions to the restoration of his homeland. At the age of 22, he rallied 2,000 people to revolt against gold, joined the rebel army led by Geng Jing, and served as secretary.He killed the traitor monk Yiduan with his hands. He once led 50 cavalrymen to break into the 50,000 barracks of Zhang Anguo who killed Geng Jing and surrendered to the Jinren. He captured Zhang Anguo alive and took him to Nanjing to behead him.After becoming an official in the Southern Song Dynasty, he was dismissed from office for a long time and lived idle. His wish to restore the Central Plains was finally not realized, and he died at the age of 67.He could have become an outstanding politician and military strategist, but he left his name as a poet.There are more than 600 poems of his Ci handed down, and there are many famous works."Yong Yu Le" (Jingkou Beiguting Nostalgia) is the most representative of his poetry style:
This was written by Xin Qiji when he was the magistrate of Zhenjiang in his later years.He boarded the Beigu Pavilion (in the northeast of Zhenjiang City), looked around the great rivers and mountains, remembered the ancient heroes and figures, and wrote this poem: Jiangshan is still the same through the ages, but he will never see Cao Cao who was defeated here. Sun Quan, the hero who founded the state of Wu.The romantic aftertaste of his singing and dancing entertainment in the past has also disappeared without a trace in the erosion of history.People say that in the grass trees and ordinary streets reflected by the setting sun, there lived the brave and promising Emperor Wu of Song Dynasty Liu Yu (Ji Nu is Liu Yu's nickname) in the Southern Dynasties.I think back then when he led the northern expedition against the barbarians with gold and iron horses, and regained the land of thousands of miles in the Central Plains, how mighty and majestic he was!However, his son Liu Yilong, Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty, was a fool. Refers to martial arts), was defeated by Tuoba Tao of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and fled back in embarrassment (Liu Yilong's poem has the sentence "Northern Gu Ti communicates").Xin Qiji recalled the scene of the flames of war when he led his troops to the south 43 years ago and passed by the Yangzhou area, and he couldn't help feeling deeply.The past is unbearable. Looking at the "Buddha Beaver Temple" on Guabu Mountain in the north, the noise of crows and the sound of bells and drums for sacrifices are in harmony. The north is still under the rule of the Jin people.I am as old as Lian Po, and my ambition to serve the country is still there, but who will come to visit me to see if I still eat as much as before, and can I mount a horse and kill the enemy?The allusion used here is: Lian Po, the famous general of Zhao State during the Warring States Period, was still full of ambition when he was old.Zhao Wang wanted to use him to fight against Qin, so he sent envoys to observe him.Lian Po was very happy. He ate a bucket of rice and 10 catties of meat for a meal, put on his armor and mounted his horse, saying that he could still fight.But the envoy was bought by Lian Po's political opponents, and he went back and made a false report to King Zhao: "Lian Po is old and can eat, but he defecated three times after sitting for a while." King Zhao thought Lian Po was useless, so he Don't use him anymore.Xin Qiji used this allusion to lament that he was worse than Lian Po.In this poem, the upper column expresses his yearning for the heroic cause by praising Sun Quan and Liu Yu;In addition to such majestic and majestic ci, Xin Qiji also has some small lyric poems describing scenes, which are also widely loved.
In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were still some poets who followed the path of the Graceful School, crafted chapters and sentences, pursued elegance, and wrote many lyrical and lingering poems with low emotions.For example, Shi Dazu, Wu Wenying, Wang Yisun, Zhang Yan, etc. are all such poets, and the most influential one is Jiang Kui.Although his poems such as "Dark Fragrance" and "Sparse Shadow" are well-known, they are empty in content, vague in meaning, and difficult to understand. Except for a few experts, they are not loved by more readers.His "Yangzhou Slow" has a great influence, but it is a little difficult to understand.Let's read the preface to it first:
Chunxi Bingshen Zhiri, to Weiyang.The night snow is coming, and the shepherd's wheat is full of hope.Entering the city, you will look around the depression, the cold water is green, the dusk is gradually rising, and the corners of the guards are mourning.I feel sad and feel sorry for the past and present. Because of this song, the old man Qianyan thinks that there is the sadness of "Shu Li".
This passage translated into modern Chinese is: "On the day of the winter solstice in the third year of Xiaozong Chunxi (AD 1176), I passed by Yangzhou. The snow had just stopped overnight, and there were shepherd's purse and wheat seedlings everywhere. The place is a desolate and desolate scene. There are no pedestrians by the desolate waterside. The twilight is getting thicker, and the sad corner of the city is blowing. A sense of sadness hits me, feeling the prosperity of Yangzhou in the past and the decline of today, so Xiao Dezao, the old man of Qianyan, wrote this song, and after reading it, he thought it was consistent with the feeling of mourning for the homeland in "Shu Li" in the book." In 1161 AD, the gold master Wan Yanliang led an army of 600,000 to attack the Southern Song Dynasty in four ways, and many places in Jiangbei suffered severe damage.The dilapidated Yangzhou that Jiang Kui saw 15 years later was caused by this war.Here is the text of the word:
Some poets in the Song Dynasty liked to use the good lines of predecessors' poems and proses in their own words to express emotion. Su Dongpo and Xin Qiji both had such works.Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow" used the sentences of the four poems of Du Muge in Tang Dynasty about Yangzhou.The sentence in Du Mu's original poem is: "Who knows that Zhuxi Road, the song blows is Yangzhou" ("Title of Chanzhi Temple in Yangzhou"); The curtain is not as good as the curtain." ("Farewell") "Ten years of dreaming of Yangzhou, won the honor of the brothel" ("Reminiscence"); Judge Han Chuo of Yangzhou"), etc.Du Mu once lived in Yangzhou for a long time, hanging out with prostitutes in brothels all day long, and the above verses are all related to his prodigal life.
The poem "Yangzhou Slow" says: I came to Yangzhou, which is known as the famous capital of Huaizuo and the best place in Zhuxi, and took off the saddle for a short stay.Walking along the Yangzhou Road, where the "spring breeze is ten miles", the shepherd's purse and wheat seedlings are green.Ever since the Golden Cavalry hit the Yangtze River and receded, the deserted ponds and trees were afraid of talking about war.As dusk fell, the bleak corners of the painting blew in the cold wind, echoing in the empty city.Du Mu once praised Yangzhou enthusiastically, and he would be surprised if he came here again today.No matter how ingenious his "cardamom tip" poem is, no matter how nostalgic he is for the dream of "brothel", it is difficult to express his affection for the dilapidated Yangzhou. The "Twenty-Four Bridge" is intact, but it is desolate, and only the shadow of the moon ripples silently in the water waves at night.The ignorant peony by the poor bridge is still blooming silently every year, but who will appreciate it?The whole word shows the dilapidated and desolate scene of Yangzhou in vivid and sentimental pictures, and sadly accuses the destruction of the highly developed economy and culture in the south by the aggressive war launched by the Jin people, which is very touching.
Ci in the Song Dynasty is an important stage of development in the history of Chinese poetry.It opened up a new field of lyric poetry after Tang poetry, and left a wealth of excellent works, which are still loved by readers today.Like Tang poetry, the essence of Song Ci should be used for reference in today's poetry creation.
