Chapter 16 Chapter 7 Song Dynasty Ci
After the Northern Song Dynasty unified China, the economy developed rapidly, especially the rapid development of industry and commerce, and the cities were generally prosperous.The creation and development of Ci met the needs of urban cultural life.The poetic genre of Ci, in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, mostly wrote about the love between men and women and the sorrow and hatred, and it was believed that this was the true nature of Ci.The poems in the early Northern Song Dynasty were still like this, and they mostly wrote about leisure class emotions such as Huayue Xiansorrow.Some of them are exquisitely written, such as Yan Shu's "Huanxisha":
Its general meaning is: write a new poem and drink a glass of wine (spontaneously produce a kind of inexplicable melancholy), the weather is the same as last year, the pavilions are still the same, but the sun has set, and another day has passed, what time will tomorrow be? start?Although the flowers are delicious and lovely, no one can restore their withering; the same swallows as last year flew back again (seeing that the beautiful spring is about to pass away), I wandered back and forth on the path covered with fallen flowers and thought about it alone.Feeling sad for the moon, and weeping at the flowers, these are the fashionable feelings among literati in the old age.Or because of frustration, or because of boredom, they often write such poems to relieve their lonely emotions.This poem by Yan Shu is hailed as a masterpiece because of the lingering sentiment and melodious tone of "the flowers fall helplessly, and the swallows return like deja vu".Read another Ouyang Xiu's "Sheng Zhazi" (Yuanxi):
Yuanxi is the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.Last year's lively Lantern Festival night, I had a sweet date with my lover, which was happy and unforgettable; this year's Lantern Festival night is the same as last year, but my sweetheart disappeared (maybe it was a temporary farewell, or it might be a breakup), and I couldn't help crying in loneliness.It looked like a girl, "wet the sleeves of the spring shirt with tears", it could be seen that she was crying secretly, it is not good to cry out loud.This poem is said to have been written by Zhu Shuzhen in some books.No matter who the author is, it is written with sincerity, lightness and nature, and it is a good poem.
Liu Yong was a poet with great influence in the Northern Song Dynasty.His official career was not going well, he was frustrated and bored, so he hung out with Ge'er prostitutes and lived a decadent and debauched life.Liu Yong devoted his whole life to the writing of Ci. He was good at writing about the love of a journey, and developed the "Long Tune" Ci.His masterpieces "Raining Bells" and "Watching the Sea Tide" are still familiar to everyone today.We admire his "Eight Sounds of Ganzhou":
This poem expresses the feelings of being busy in official career, wandering outside, missing hometown and relatives.The poet saw a heavy rain falling from the sky in Jiangjian, and the autumn scenery was as fresh as it had been washed.The autumn wind blows like a blow, the mountains and rivers are desolate and depressed, and the afterglow of the setting sun reflects on the building, making people more melancholy.Flowers and leaves are falling everywhere, and everything has lost its vitality.The water of the Yangtze River no longer stirred up waves, and flowed silently to the east.At this moment, the poet is unwilling to climb high and look far away, because his hometown is thousands of miles away, and the mood of homesickness cannot be suppressed.Ask yourself: What is the purpose of wandering around for a year?I imagined that my wife (beautiful woman) was looking forward to my return upstairs in the dressing room. She mistook the boat coming from the horizon many times and was disappointed again and again.How can she know that I am leaning against the railing (防门) and thinking about her so much?It is ingenious to use his wife's thoughts to contrast his own thoughts.The upper column describes the scene and expresses the emotion, and the lower column describes the emotion and the scene. The whole word blends with the scene, progressively, the language is clear, and it is completed in one go. It is indeed a rare and good work.
For Song Ci, people customarily divide them into two schools: "graceful" and "bold and unconstrained".The early words were monotonous in content, delicate and weak, with graceful emotions, belonging to the graceful school.When Su Shi appeared in the Ci world, the style of Ci changed. He was knowledgeable and talented, broadened the realm of Ci, paid homage to ancient figures, expressed his patriotic embrace, and described rural scenery with vertical and horizontal strokes and bold momentum. .
Let's read one of his poems "Linjiang Immortal" (Night Returning to Lingao):
Su Shi was convicted of writing a poem in 1079, and was demoted to Huangzhou (now Huanggang County, Hubei Province) by Song Shenzong Zhao Xu (xuxu) as the deputy envoy of Tuanlian. He often went to Dongpo to play, so he called himself "Dongpo Jushi".This poem was written in Huangzhou.The poem said: At night, Dongpo and his friends were drunk, and when they returned to their residence, they felt in a daze that it was the third watch.The little servant has fallen into a deep sleep, snoring like thunder, and can't wake up even if he knocks on the door.Su Shi had no choice but to lean on his cane and listen to the sound of waves coming from the direction of the Yangtze River.At this time, he thought of half his life in the officialdom, and he felt emotional: he often regretted that he could not be his own master. When will he be able to get rid of the fetters of fame and fortune?At this moment, the night is deep, the wind is still, and the water in the pond has no ripples.In this complete silence, another thought came into his mind: how nice it would be to escape from the hustle and bustle of the world in a small boat and spend the rest of his life unfettered in the great rivers and seas!It is said that after Su Shi finished writing this poem, he sang it several times with his friends, and then went home.The next day in Huangzhou, it was rumored that Su Shi hung his official uniform by the river and escaped in a boat at night.The county governor Xu Junyou was shocked when he heard that: in his state, he lost the sinner who was demoted by the emperor, and he couldn't bear the crime.So I rushed to Su Shi's residence to check, and found that Su Shi was snoring loudly in the room, and he hadn't gotten up yet.
Su Dongpo and Li Bai have something in common, that is, they both have a strong romantic temperament.The word Su Ci (Mid-Autumn Festival) is very clear:
On a mid-autumn night, when you climb high and look far away, you can't see a cloud in the sky.A round of bright moon (Gui Po is the synonym for moon) flew up to the sky, shining silver light all over the sky, making the blue night sky in autumn soak in coolness.Imagine that in the Guanghan Palace on the moon, fairies in white clothes riding on phoenixes are coming and going, living in a cool world.The mountains and rivers on the moon are as beautiful as pictures, and the smoke and trees are clearly visible.I clapped my hands and sang while drunk, and raised my glass to invite the bright moon to drink together. Together with my shadow, I just became three partners (using Li Bai's poem "toast to the bright moon, and the shadows form three people").Dancing back and forth in the cool wind and dew, this beautiful night makes me forget everything.I really want to ride the wind and fly to the moon without having to rely on the power of the roc mentioned in the book.How wonderful it would be to stand in the crystal clear moon palace and play the flute one after another!This poem was also written by Su Shi when he was demoted to Huangzhou.The situation is not free, but he is free and easy, and comforts himself with beautiful fantasies, "traveling with flying immortals, holding the bright moon to die forever" ("Fu of the Former Chibi"), liberating himself in the spiritual world.This is the charm of Su Dongpo and his poems.
Zhou Bangyan was well-cultivated and famous among poets in the Northern Song Dynasty, and many people studied him.He belongs to the graceful school, and writes more about the feelings of men and women.His poems describing scenery are fresh and elegant, full of beauty, and many of them are exquisite. Let's read his poem "Su Mu Zhe":
