Chapter 48 Jiang Kui/The rhyme of self-made new words is the most delicate, Xiaohong sings me blowing flute in a low voice

Jiang Kui (1155-1221), a famous poet and musician in the Southern Song Dynasty, with the word Yaozhang and the word stone broom, nicknamed Baishi Taoist.A native of Poyang (now Boyang County).Jiang Kui had a high attainment in literature. He was a great lyricist and poet at that time. He was also proficient in temperament, good at playing flute and piano, wrote on music theory, and was able to compose his own music scores in conjunction with his lyrics. outstanding musician.His calligraphy was also praised by the people at that time, and there is a calligraphy theory book "Xushupu" handed down from generation to generation.

There is a fixed piece of music in the lyrics of Song Ci, and the person who writes the lyrics will fill in the words according to the requirements of the music. This is called "filling the lyrics according to the sound".Therefore, in order to create a new Ci Pai, it is necessary to create a score according to the requirements of the new tune, which is called "Zi Du Qu".This is a very high requirement, especially for the tune creator's musical literacy. Among the poets in the Song Dynasty, only a very small number of talents can do it, and Jiang Kui is one of the best.

Almost all ancient poems need to be sung with music.However, due to the unscientific notation and the incomplete preservation of materials, not only we do not know how the songs before the Tang Dynasty were sung, but even people in the Song Dynasty do not know.Song Ci is music literature, and every word card has a corresponding tune, but almost none of the scores of these tunes have been handed down.Fortunately, Jiang Kui preserved the score of seventeen words for us in his "Baishi Taoist Song Collection". "Songs of Taoist Baishi" contains 80 lyrics, 17 of which have scores. Fourteen songs including "Yangzhou Slow", "Apricot Blossom Sky Shadow", "Desolate Criminal", "Dark Fragrance", "Sparse Shadow", "Zheng Zhao" and "Jiao Zhao" are his own lyrics and music; three are lyrics and music , one of which is "Yumei Ling" written by Fan Chengda.Each of these seventeen poems has a palace tone, and is written in oblique lines with Gongchi notation in Song Dynasty (which is different from the popular Gongchi notation, but can still be interpreted today), and written next to the characters.These notable tunes are the essence of his literary and artistic creation throughout his life, and they are the only lyrics and music documents handed down from the Song Dynasty, which let us know some of the true singing methods of Song Ci.

In the second year of Song Guangzong Shaoxi (1191), the famous poet Fan Chengda returned home and lived in Fan Village in Wu County (now Suzhou). Jiang Kui was invited by Fan Chengda to visit Fan’s house. Le, very happy.At this time, the plum blossoms were in full bloom. While watching the plum blossoms, Fan Chengda asked Jiang Kui to write lyrics, and Jiang Kui wrote two poems "Dark Fragrance" and "Sparse Shadows" by himself. Play and let Kabuki Xiaohong sing.When Jiang Kui came home, Fan Chengda gave Xiaohong to him.On that day, when it was snowing heavily, Jiang Kui wrote a poem while passing by the Chuihong Pavilion in the east of Suzhou City:

In the same year, at the home of the famous poet Yang Wanli, he heard a pipa artist playing the long-lost ancient tune "Drunken Yin Merchant Hu Weizhou". Drunken Yin Merchant Essays".Later, when he arrived in Hefei, he saw the deserted border towns and felt nostalgic for the greatness of the ancient heroes. His most famous work is "Yangzhou Slow", which was created in the third year of Emperor Xiaozong's Chunxi reign (1176). That winter, when he was twenty-two years old, he traveled from Hanyang and passed through Yangzhou, which was ravaged twice by the Jin people and was brutally killed by soldiers. It was empty and desolate.The scene in front of him and his patriotic feelings aroused his strong emotions, and he created this masterpiece "Yangzhou Slow".

During Jiang Kui's sojourn in Wu Xing, he also wrote songs such as "Gexi Mei Ling" and "Jiao Zhao" and "Zheng Zhao" imitating ancient tunes.These quasi-ancient tunes are of great reference value for the study of ancient Chinese songs. From the "Ci Yin" in "Baishi Taoist Songs", we can know that Jiang Kui once annotated the rhythm of "Nine Songs" in "The Songs of Chu", and also marked the fingerings of the qin music. Playing is also proficient.In his later years, he wrote "Nine Songs of Yue" with reference to folk songs in Zhejiang; he also wrote the song "Ancient Resentment" in Sao style in the style of lyre playing and singing, expressing his resentment and lament for the broken mountains and rivers and the bleak life experience.Jiang Kui has won a very high reputation with his multi-faceted talents, assiduous research, and his outstanding family.