Chapter 7 Translation two

Enlightenment: With the development of society, some ancient funeral ceremonies are no longer seen today, but after people die, the living people will bury them, and hold a memorial service to express the mourning of future generations. 【Translation】Zhan Shuai, Qi Shuai, Dagong, Xiaogong and Shuma, these are the five kinds of filial clothing worn by different relatives in ancient China when they died. Enlightenment: With the continuous development of society, there are more and more categories of cultural technology.But for students, it is necessary to become a talent with all-round development of morality, intelligence, body and beauty.

【Translation】Etiquette, music, archery, driving, calligraphy and arithmetic are the six skills that ancient scholars must learn. No one can have these six skills at the same time. Enlightenment: The three subjects of Chinese, Mathematics, and Foreign Languages ​​have become the basic subjects of various categories.It is a tool course for in-depth study of various professional disciplines, so you must study hard to lay a good foundation for further study in the future. 【Translation】Among the six arts, only calligraphy is still respected by everyone.After a person knows characters, he can study "Shuowen Jiezi", which is helpful for the study of advanced knowledge.

Enlightenment: Today we practice the four styles of Li, Kai, Xing, and Cao, but we also need to understand the ancient books left by our ancestors.This is of great help for us to learn and inherit the knowledge of our predecessors. [Translation] The development of Chinese characters has gone through ancient script, big seal script, small seal script, clerical script, and cursive script. This must be clearly recognized and not confused. Enlightenment: What is emphasized now is a specialty with multiple abilities, and it is also necessary to focus on the big picture when it comes to research and knowledge. It is necessary to clarify the thinking and concentrate on the key points in order to grasp the key points of the problem and grasp the fundamental truth.

【Translation】If you want to learn a wide range of knowledge, it is really not easy, and you will not know how to start, but if you can do general research, you can still understand many basic principles. Enlightenment: When people start reading, they must lay a good foundation. First of all, the pronunciation must be correct, the meaning of words must be clear, and they must learn to divide sentences correctly, so that they can understand the meaning and viewpoint expressed in the article. 【Translation】Every teacher who teaches children who have just entered school must speak every word clearly, explain every sentence clearly, and make the children know how to punctuate sentences when reading.

Enlightenment: There must be an initial stage for learning. For any great scholar, his knowledge is accumulated bit by bit. Only by laying a solid foundation can he advance to higher knowledge. 【Translation】As a scholar, one should lay a good foundation in the early stage of schooling and learn the knowledge of elementary school thoroughly before he can read the "Four Books". Enlightenment: Confucius is a great thinker and educator in ancient my country and a representative figure of Confucianism.The core is how to "be a human being" and the principles of "being a human being"

【Translation】There are twenty chapters in this book.It is the disciples of Confucius, and the disciples of the disciples, that the recorded remarks about Confucius are a book. Enlightenment: Mencius, named Ke, honored as Mencius, is also a great thinker in ancient my country and a representative of Confucianism.He is the third disciple of Confucius, and he also talks about benevolence, righteousness and morality. [Translation] The book "Mencius" was written by Meng Ke, and it is divided into seven chapters.The content is also speeches about the cultivation of morality and the promotion of morality, benevolence and righteousness.

Inspiration: Kong Ji is the grandson of Confucius and the author of "The Doctrine of the Mean". "The Doctrine of the Mean" is a book about the philosophy of life, which has a great influence on the Chinese people's outlook on life. 【Translation】The author of the book "The Doctrine of the Mean" is Kong Quanji, "Zhong" means impartiality, and "Yong" means unchanged. Enlightenment: Zengzi is a disciple of Confucius, named Zengshen. "University" is a book of the Four Books, and like the Doctrine of the Mean, it is also a book of self-cultivation.

【Translation】The author of the book "Great Learning" was Zeng Shen, who put forward the idea of ​​"self-cultivation, family governance, state governance and world peace". Enlightenment: There is a distinction between depth and difficulty in books. We must start from the easy ones to lay the foundation for seeking knowledge, being a human being, and dealing with the world, and then learn more profound knowledge. 【Translation】After you have mastered the Four Books and understood the principle of filial piety, you can read such profound books as the Six Classics. Enlightenment: Ancient Chinese culture is a very rich and great treasure house of knowledge. Scholars from many countries in the world are engaged in research and exploration in this field.As a Chinese, we should cherish the heritage left by our ancestors and be proud of it.

[Translation] "Shi", "Yi", "Li", "Spring and Autumn", plus "Yue" are called the Six Classics. These are important classics of ancient Chinese Confucianism and should be read carefully. Enlightenment: Although it is a book of divination by ancient people in our country, it expounds extremely profound philosophical principles in it.Like the ebb and flow of yin and yin, the argument that things must be reversed can be seen everywhere. [Translation] "Lianshan", "Guizang", and "Book of Changes" are three books in ancient my country. These three books are collectively called "Three Changes". "Three Changes" use the form of "gua" to explain the universe. A book about the principle of the cyclical change of everything in time.

Enlightenment: The Book of Books is a very valuable historical material. From the perspective of content, it is very similar to the government archives of our country today. It can enable us to understand the history at that time and learn a lot of useful knowledge from it. [Translation] The content of "Book of Books" is divided into six parts: one code, the basic principle of establishing a country; two mos, the plan for governing the country; three trainings, the attitude of ministers; Proclamation; six orders, the order of the monarch. Enlightenment: Duke Zhou is the fourth son of King Wen of Zhou. He is the most talented and kind-hearted among all the sons of King Wen of Zhou.After the death of King Wu, the Duke of Zhou assisted King Cheng to assist the government. Because of his virtue, the country became very prosperous and strong.

[Translation] Zhou Gong wrote "Zhou Li", which records the official system of the six palaces and the composition of the country at that time. Enlightenment: A large part of traditional Chinese etiquette and morality is still beneficial today. We should absorb nutrition from these beneficial ingredients and practice them personally. [Translation] Dai De and Dai Sheng sorted out and commented on the "Book of Rites", passed on and expounded the works of sages, so that future generations know the rules and regulations of the previous generation and the situation about ritual and music. Enlightenment: The oldest anthology of poems in my country is called, which has a total of 305 poems of the Zhou Dynasty. It contains a wide range of themes, some reflect complex social forms, and some reflect the living conditions of the people and the thoughts of ordinary people. and feelings etc. [Translation] "Guofeng", "Daya", "Xiaoya", and "Song", collectively known as the Four Poems, are rich in content and deeply emotional, and are really worthy of our recitation. Enlightenment: When we read the Spring and Autumn Period, in addition to being able to understand the general politics and people's living conditions at that time, what is more important is to accumulate the experience of the predecessors and become a reference for our own conduct. [Translation] Later, due to the decline of the Zhou Dynasty, the Book of Songs was neglected, so Confucius wrote "Spring and Autumn", in which the praise and criticism of real politics and the distinction between good and evil behaviors of various countries are implied. Enlightenment: "Spring and Autumn" is a history book of Lu State.Coupled with the age.Therefore, it is necessary to read the three biographies in detail in order to study and understand. 【Translation】Three biographies are "Gongyang Zhuan" by Yang Gao, "Zuo Zhuan" by Zuo Qiuming, and "Guliang Biography" by Gu Liangchi. They are all books explaining "Spring and Autumn". Revelation: (omitted) [Translation] "Erya" is the first dictionary in our country. One part distinguishes the difference between ancient and modern literature, and the other part explains the meaning of words and defines the names of things. Therefore, before we read scriptures, we should read "Erya" first. Then you can read the scriptures. Revelation: (omitted) [Translation] The classics written by the ancient sages have been interpreted by the sages and become complete. There are thirteen scriptures, "Book of Books", "Zhou Li", "Yi Li", "Book of Rites", "Spring and Autumn Annals" ", "Gongyang Biography", "Guliang Biography", "The Book of Filial Piety", "Erya", "Mencius", these thirteen books are called the Thirteen Classics. Revelation: (omitted) 【Translation】 In addition to "Zuo Zhuan", Zuo Qiuming's works also include "Guoyu", which is called "Chunqiu Waizhuan". "Guoyu" records the speeches of the nobles of Zhou, Lu and other countries during the Spring and Autumn Period on weekends, and describes them for each country, while "Zuo Zhuan" is arranged by year and focuses on recording events.In addition to the Thirteen Classics, "Zuo Zhuan" and "Guoyu" are added to form the Fifteen Classics. Enlightenment: There is one principle that must be kept in mind when learning and mastering all kinds of knowledge, especially when learning history. This is to outline and grasp the main context.Only by remembering the cause and ending of key historical events can we master this knowledge well. 【Translation】Have read the scriptures and biography by heart, then read the sub-books.Sub-books are complicated, you must choose more important ones Come and read, and remember the cause and effect of everything. Enlightenment: Among the five sons, we are more familiar with Laozi and Zhuangzi. They are knowledgeable and knowledgeable, like Laozi, and even Confucius once asked him about rituals.Zhuangzi often expresses his thoughts in the form of fables, which is very interesting. 【Translation】The five sons refer to Xunzi, Yangzi, Wenzhongzi, Laozi and Zhuangzi.what they wrote Books are called Zishu.