Chapter 2 Edgar Allan Poe Chronology

Born in Boston on January 19, the second of three siblings, father David Poe and mother Elizabeth Arnold Poe were actors in the same theater company.Elizabeth Poe, of British descent, was a well-known lead actor, and her mother, Elizabeth Smith Arnold, was also well-known in early American theater circles.David Poe's father was born in Ireland, a patriot during the Revolutionary War, and David Poe ran away from home soon after. The mother died on December 8 in Richmond, Virginia.The three siblings, William Henry, Edgar and Rosalie, were adopted and guarded by the three families.Edgar's adoptive parents were Frances and John Allan, who was born in Scotland as a wealthy tobacco merchant in Richmond.Although the childless couple did not legally adopt Edgar, they renamed him Ellen and raised him as their own son.

John Allan planned to establish a branch abroad and move the family to Scotland and then to London shortly thereafter.Edgar first went to a school run by the Dibble sisters, and then became a student in a boarding school in Stoke-Newington, a suburb of London in 1818. The Ellen family returned to Richmond in July 1820, and Edgar continued his education at the local private school.Demonstrated aptitude for learning Latin as well as for dramatic acting and swimming.Write a couplet of satirical poetry.Except for the poem "Oh, Times!Oh fashion! "One song has been lost.Admiration, the mother of a classmate, Jane Stannard, later described her as "my soul's first purely ideal love" and cited her as the inspiration for the poem "To Helen," published in 1831.Ellen's business closed in 1824 after two years of economic depression, but his uncle's death made him rich again in 1825, when he bought a house in the city center.Regardless of the strong opposition of both families, Edgar made a private decision with Amyla Royster for life.

Entered the University of Virginia (founded by Thomas Jefferson a year earlier) with outstanding grades in Classics, Verbal and Modern Languages.It was found that the living expenses provided by Ellen were not enough for expenses, and she often participated in gambling and lost $2,000.Ellen refuses to pay his gambling debts, and Poe returns to Richmond to find that the Roysters have successfully annulled his engagement to Amira. Complaining that Ellen was ruthless, she ran away from home in March despite Frances Ellen's repeated persuasion.Under the pseudonym "Henry Lerennet" sailed for Boston.Enlisted in the U.S. Army in May, reported as "Edgar A. Perry", aged 22, occupation "clerk", was assigned to a coastal artillery regiment in Fort Independence, Boston Harbor.Convincing a young printer to publish his first book, "Tamerlane and Other Poems," signed "Bostonian," a thin collection of poems that went unnoticed. In November Poe's troops moved to Fort Moultrey, South Carolina.

After a string of promotions, Poe attained the highest rank among enlisted men, Sergeant Major.With the intention of becoming a professional soldier, he sought John Allen's help in seeking admission to West Point Military Academy.Mrs. Ellen died on February 28, 1829, and Poe was honorably discharged from the army and lived with several paternal relatives in Baltimore.While waiting for the reply from West Point Military Academy, he wrote to Ellen to ask for money to support the publication of the second collection of poems, saying in the letter, "I have long since ceased to regard Byron as a model." Ellen refused to fund, but "Al Araf, Timur and Little Poems was still published in December 1829 by Hatch and Dunning of Baltimore, this time under his own name.A sample of the book, including a revised Tamerlane and six new works, was approved by the eminent critic John Neal, who wrote a short but admirable review of it.

In May 1830, he entered the West Point Military Academy; he was very knowledgeable in language, and he was very popular among the students because of his funny poems satirizing the officers.John Ellen married again in October 1830, and shortly after reading Poe's letter beginning "Mr.Poe deliberately "disobeyed" (missing classes, church, and roll call) in order to leave the military academy, was court-martialed and expelled in January 1831. to New York in February.With the money donated by military school classmates, he signed a contract with a publisher to publish the second edition of "Poetry Collection".The book is dedicated to the "Cadets of the United States" and includes "To Helen", "Israfe", and his first published critical article, namely "Letter to Mr. XX" as a preface.

In Baltimore with aunt Maria, Ketim, and her eight-year-old daughter Virginia; with Poe's brother William Henry, who died of illness in August, and with Poe's grandmother, Elizabeth Cairns Poe, A small pension she received for her late husband's service in the Revolutionary War made up for the family's lack of income.Submitted five short stories to an essay contest sponsored by the Philadelphia "Saturday Courier"; none of the stories won prizes, but all were published by the "Saturday Courier" the following year. Live at my aunt's house and teach my cousin Virginia to read.Wrote six short stories, and hoped to add five published in the Courier-Journal under the title Tales of the Folio Club. These six stories were submitted in the summer of 1833 to an essay contest sponsored by the Baltimore Saturday Traveler. "Manuscript in a Bottle" won the $50 first prize, while "Colosseum" came second in the poetry competition.Both winning entries were published in The Tourist in October 1833.

The short story "The Dreamer" was published in the January 1834 issue of Gordy's Ladies' Magazine, the first time Poe published his work in a magazine with a large circulation.John Ellen died in March; although his children by birth and by concubine were mentioned in his will, Poe was excluded. John P. Kennedy, one of the judges of the "Visitor" essay contest, recommended Poe to Thomas White, the publisher of the monthly "Southern Literary Courier". Beginning in March 1835, Poe sent short stories and book reviews to the journal. and his first full-length story, Hans Pfarr.Kennedy began lending him money when he turned down Kennedy's dinner invitations that month, citing his "shabby clothes and unsightly appearance."Grandmother Elizabeth Poe died in July, and Poe left for Richmond in August.His razor-sharp reviews earned him the nickname "The Tomahawk" and so greatly increased the Southern Literary Courier's national circulation and popularity that White hired him as assistant editor and book review writer.When Maria Clem suggested that Virginia might as well move in with a cousin, Poe proposed to her and returned to Baltimore in September.White wrote a letter warning Poe to fire him if he drank again. In October Poe returned to Richmond with Virginia and Mrs. Clem, and in December White made Poe the editor of the now-distinct monthly.Poe published in the December issue of the Courier the first scenes of his later unfinished plain verse tragedy "Polysian".

Married Virginia Clem, who was nearly fourteen, in May; Mrs. Clem continued to live with the Poes as housewife.Wrote over eighty book reviews for the Southern Literary Courier, including two that spoke highly of Dickens; printed or reprinted his novels and poems, which were often revised.Borrowing money from relatives to allow Clem and daughter to run a boarding house, intending to sue the government for refunds of his grandfather's war loans to the state; both plans later fell through.Despite the help of White and James Kirk Paulding, no publisher would be found willing to publish his now sixteen or seventeen volumes of The Folio Club (Harper Brothers told him that "readers in this country Apparently a particular preference is given to works in which the entire book consists of only one simple and coherent story...").

Disputes with White over salary (about $10 a week) and editorial autonomy led to his resignation from the Southern Literary Courier in January 1837. In 1467, the family moved to New York to seek another way of life, but failed to find an editorial position.Mrs Clem runs a boarding house to help support the family.Published poems and novels, including "Ligeia" (later Poe called it "my best novel"); resumed writing "Arthur Gordon Pym, intending to write it as a novel that can be published separately.Harper's Press published The Tale of A. G. Pym in July 1838.Poe and his family moved to Philadelphia.Continuing as a freelance writer, but penniless and still unable to find an editorial position, considering giving up a literary career.

Due to financial difficulties, he agreed to use his own name as the author's signature of a shellfisher's handbook "Basics of Conchology".Began publication of the first articles on cryptanalysis in the Alexander Weekly Courier.Under the condition of agreeing to adopt the editorial policy of William Burton, the founder and boss of "Esquire", began to do some editorial work for the magazine.One signed work and most of the review articles required by the journal are supplied each month; early offerings include The Fall of the House of Usher and William Wilson. At the end of 1839, "Strange Stories" (2 volumes) was published by Leigh and Blanchard Publishing House in Philadelphia. The book included all 25 short stories that had been written at that time.The unsigned "Rodman's Diary" was serialized in the "Gentleman's Magazine" from January 1840, but the serialization of this unfinished long story was stopped midway because of a quarrel with Burton and his dismissal in June.Attempts to create Penn's Magazine, which he would run entirely editorially, circulated a "proposal," but the plan was shelved for lack of financial support. November 1840 George Graham bought Burton's Gentleman's Magazine and merged it with his Treasure Chest to form Graham's Magazine; Poe published "Man in a Crowd" in the December issue of the magazine ".

Editor of "Graham's Magazine" from April 1841 issue (salary $800 a year plus literary fees); publishes first of what he calls "mystery novels."New novels and poems followed, and a series of articles on cryptanalysis and reproduction of authentic works.Subscribers to Graham's Magazine had more than quadrupled by the end of the year.Inquire about clerical positions in Taylor's government agencies.He revived his plan to start Penn's Magazine, for which he hoped to get Graham's financial backing, and invited Irving, Cooper, Bryant, Kennedy, and other writers to contribute regularly. Virginia nearly died when a blood vessel ruptured while singing in January 1842, and never fully recovered.Meet Dickens.Spring publications included a review in Graham's Magazine and a praise of Hawthorne's "Old Stories," and an article in the Saturday Evening Post in which Poe attempted to base The first 11 chapters of Barnaby Larch, which Dickens is serializing, predict the ending of the book (he guesses correctly who the murderer is, but is wrong in other respects). Resigned from Graham's Magazine in May 1842 and was replaced as editor by Rufus Wilmot Griswold (later Poe's custodian).Failed to persuade his Philadelphia publisher to publish an expanded edition of Strange Tales, a two-volume volume which he reworked and renamed Strange and Wonderful.Works published in the fall include The Pit and the Pendulum. Regular contribution to James Russell Lowell's new magazine, The Herald, at the invitation of James Russell Lowell; The Herald, but the magazine closed after only three issues.Traveled to Washington, D.C., intending to interview for a low-level position in Taylor's administration while at the same time gaining subscribers for his own proposed magazine, now renamed The Stylus.Lost job opportunities because of drunkenness; friends had to put him on a train back to Philadelphia.Continued to write satires, poems and reviews, but tried to borrow money from Griswold and Lowell due to financial difficulties. "The Gold Bug" won a $100 prize in an essay contest in the Philadelphia Daily Dollar in June and was an instant hit; numerous reprints of the novel and a screenplay adaptation made Poe famous as a sought-after author.As the first and only volume of a series of small books, "The Legend of Edgar A. Poe" was published in July, which includes "The Used Up Man".Become friends with Philadelphia Gothic novelist George Lippard. In November, he began his lecture tour "Poets and Poetry in America".Works published in the fall include. Moving to New York, his rising popularity was greatly enhanced by the publication of "The Balloon Hoax" in the New York Sun.Despite previous setbacks, he continued to plan for the Stylus, a readership he now envisaged to include "the well-educated ... of the innumerable farms of our vast South and West." magazine, Poe replied, "I don't think that human effort will have any appreciable effect on man himself. Man is only more active—but no happier—no wiser now than he was 6,000 years ago." Writing was not completed later His History of American Literary Criticism, continues to lecture on American poetry. In October, he joined the editorial department of the Evening Spiegel in New York, where he wrote articles on the literary market, contemporary writers and calls for international copyright law. In November, he began to publish a series of short comments in the "Democratic Review" monthly magazine. "The Crow" was published in the "Der Spiegel Evening News" on January 29 and won unanimous praise from the public and critics. Various newspapers rushed to reprint it, and many people followed suit.Entered the New York literati circle and met Evert Daikink. He selected 12 short stories by Poe and compiled them (a collection of stories) to be published by Wiley and Putnam Publishing House in July.The book's popularity encouraged the publisher to publish "The Raven and Other Poems" in November.Began writing for Broadway Magazine at the same time, became its editor in July, and shortly thereafter became the Publication owner.Republished revised versions of most of his novels and poems there, and over sixty literary essays and reviews, in addition to reviews in the Southern Literary Courier and an article in the American Whig Review Long essay on "American Drama".Expresses her admiration for the poetess Frances Sargent Osgood in her poems.Articles criticizing plagiarism involved Longfellow, the most famous of those criticized, leading to a private controversy known to history as the "Longfellow War" (January-August), which discredited Poe and alienated people like Lowe. Friends like Will. Lectured on "American Poets and Poetry" in New York in May. His reputation was further damaged and further enhanced by the booing he won at the presentation of Al Araf in the Boston Lecture Hall in October, and by Poe's insulting mockery of Boston in his answer.Virginia became ill in the fall. A combination of depression and poverty forced Poe to suspend Broadway Magazine after its final issue on January 3.The family was moved to a cottage in Fordham Village, New York, where the ailing Virginia was nursed by Mary Louise Hugh, who kindly provided bedding and other necessities.Writing to Virginia, "You are now my greatest and only motivation to fight against a loathsome, abominable, and disappointing life." In many newspapers in New York and Pennsylvania, Poe and his family were regarded as poor The charity and relief objects are mentioned.Seriously ill for most of the year, still managed to publish and Philosophy of Creation, persisted in publishing review articles in Lady Gordy's Magazine, and continued the "Side-Side" series in Graham's Magazine and Democratic Review short comment. Beginning in May, a satirical profile under the general title "A New York City Bachelor of Letters" in Gordy's Ladies Magazine.Among them was an article about Thomas Dunn English, whom Poe had met in Philadelphia, which caused English dissatisfaction. He wrote an article attacking Poe's morality and insanity.Poe sued Der Spiegel Evening News, which published the article, and won the case the following year and received honorary damages.A revision of the "Bachelor of Letters" chapter under the title "America in Literature" was underway, with plans to include a revised version of the essay analyzing poetic composition and the critique of Hawthorne.In a letter to a young admirer, he said, "As for "The Iron Pen"-that is the lofty goal of my life, and I have not deviated from this goal for a moment." A French translation and a lengthy analytical review appeared. Virginia died on January 30.Poe was lingering on the sick bed, and his creations were the least in that year.Returning to health under the loving care of Mrs. Clem and Mrs. Hugh, he again sought funding to start a literary magazine, again unsuccessfully.Completed the review of Hawthorne and the revision of "Landscape Garden"; created two poems: one is "To M. L． S——”, and the other is “Yuna Lumu”.A growing interest in cosmophilosophical ideas led him to prepare the material for I Found It. The health status is better at the beginning of the year.In a letter he attributed his past periodic drunkenness to delirium caused by the constant fear that Virginia would die: "My enemies would rather attribute my insanity to Alcoholism . . . that endless dreadful wandering between hope and despair, which I could no longer bear until I got drunk. From the death that was my own life , I feel a new, but—God! What a miserable existence.” Speeches and readings went around to raise funds for The Pen. Lectures on "Cosmos" in New York in February gave shape to the themes that would later be elaborated in "I Found It," published by Putnam Press in June.Falling in love with "Anne" (Mrs. Nancy Richmond), who became his bosom friend during a lecture in Lowell, Massachusetts; followed by a three-year period in Providence, Rhode Island In 1999, he courted Sarah Helen Whitman, a forty-five-year-old widowed poetess, to marry him.When she hesitated because of what she had heard of Poe's "discretionary" character, Poe was restless and restless, taking a full dose of laudanum after returning from a trip to Providence.Their short-lived engagement fell through in December because of the influence of Mrs. Whitman's mother and friends.Explaining "Principles of Poetry" in the Providence Lecture.Write "The Bell". Active as a writer and speaker; his primary publication was The Flag of Our United States, a prestigious weekly in Boston. Writing to a friend in February, "Literature is the noblest profession. In fact it is almost the only profession fit for a man." Criticism of Lowell's "Fables for the Critics" for ignoring Southern writers.In the early summer, he left for Richmond to seek support from the Southerners for "Stylus Pen".Nervous and delirious during a stopover in Philadelphia, clearly showing symptoms of persecution paranoia; friend George Lippard and illustrator John Satin worried about him, and Charles Burr bought him a Richmond train tickets.During his two-month stay in Richmond, he visited his sister Rosalie, attended Alcoholics A.A. Dayton is engaged.Perhaps in an attempt to pick up Mrs. Clem in New York and leave Richmond on a boat bound for Baltimore, Poe was found in a semi-comatose delirium outside a polling station in Baltimore a week later, on October 3. He died of a "cerebral haemorrhage" on October 7. "The Bell" and "Annabel Lee" came out at the end of the year after his death.Griswold's libelous eulogy tarnished Poe's reputation for years. Quoted from Life·Reading·New Knowledge Sanlian Publishing, 1995 "The Collection of Edgar Allan Poe - Poems and Stories" pp. 1463-1474 Edited by Patrick F. Quinn Translated by Cao Minglun Unsigned Original author not named reproduced.

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