Chapter 21 chapter Five

In July of the third year, our luck came. Next to a gas station in Toledo, there was a pawnbroker named Annette Saffrini.That day, her son decided to help his mother organize the old newspapers and magazines that he had collected for many years.He said my mother was a little eccentric, she had a habit of not throwing anything away, and she could be said to be a collector. One afternoon, Annette wanted to pass the time by reading something.She reached out and pulled out a newspaper from the stack, and began to read it, which happened to carry news about the murder from the Toledo Police Department.

When Annette saw the photo of the victim, she noticed something familiar, namely a gold elephant pendant on Gertrude's neck.So she called her son and yelled, "Where's that elephant pendant?!" Her son replied, "Mom, it's safe." Annette's pawn shop has been unable to sell the gold elephant pendant.Annette asked her son to go home quickly, saying that she would not be relieved until she saw the elephant pendant for herself. When Annette's son returned home, Annette said to him: "Hurry up and take out your pendant to see , to see how it differs from the pendant Gertrude wears around his neck in the newspaper."

The comparison results are exactly the same.Annette's son said, "Mom, I think there's only one in a million people who keep old newspapers like you do." Luckily, Annette still has all of her old pawn notes.She told us that the pawn of the pendant was issued on December 3, three years ago, very close to the time when the two elderly people were murdered, and the seller was Candy Jody. Candy said he was just a go-between and Jordan James asked him to pawn the pendant.Well, the thread that has been interrupted for nearly three years has been connected again. Jordan had been doing chores for Gertrude's family until Gertrude was murdered.We did a background check on Jordan, who was arrested for another robbery a few weeks after the murder and is serving a 45-year sentence in a Texas prison.

We drove to Texas to meet Jordan, but he denied that he had killed the two old men. I swabbed his mouth to get a DNA sample and compared it to blood from the crime scene. Genomic DNA preparation is an important step in the study of gene structure and function, and we usually require the obtained fragments to have a certain length.During the DNA extraction process, attention should be paid to avoid various factors that cause DNA breakage and degradation, so as to ensure the integrity of the DNA and lay the foundation for subsequent experiments.Mainly the CTAB method, other methods include physical methods: glass bead method, ultrasonic method, grinding method, freeze-thaw method.Its chemical method: guanidine isothiocyanate method, alkali cleavage method.The third is the biological method: enzymatic method.According to the different methods of nucleic acid separation and purification: siliceous materials, anion exchange resins, etc.

My test procedure is to trypsinize the adherent cells first and collect them by centrifugation.Then the cells were resuspended in ice-cold PBS, rinsed once, and collected by centrifugation.Then repeat the test procedure again.In the fourth step, we will add some DNA extraction buffer and mix well.The next step is to add some protease, mix well when the final concentration reaches a certain level, and have a 50°C water bath.Then extract once with an equal volume of phenol, collect the aqueous phase by centrifugation, extract once with an equal volume of phenol, chloroform, and isoamyl alcohol mixture, and collect the aqueous phase by centrifugation.Extract again with an equal volume of chloroform and isoamyl alcohol.There is also an ice bath, and the supernatant is transferred to a centrifuge tube by centrifugation.Add an equal volume of isopropanol.After a certain room temperature, centrifuge and discard the supernatant.Then add several volumes of sodium acetate and 2 volumes of -20°C pre-cooled absolute ethanol.The last step is centrifugation at room temperature, and finally the DNA is dissolved in an appropriate amount of TE.

The test results confirmed that Jordan was the one who left blood at the crime scene.He was then accused of killing Gertrude and Edward. Tim believed that the motive for the crime was robbery, and wanted to get money from Gertrude's house to buy drugs, and Jordan was cut by a broken light bulb in the process of killing Gertrude, leaving blood.When Edward returned from the outside, Jordan killed him again.Blood dripped from his hand into a desk drawer as he scoured for money. Before leaving, Jordan took Gertrude's elephant pendant and asked a friend to pawn it off for him. The pendant was only exchanged for twenty dollars in cash, and it was this twenty dollar transaction that landed Jordan in the French Open.

If he hadn't exchanged the pendant for cash, we'd probably never have found him. Jordan tried in court to explain why his blood was kept at Gertrude's house. He said Gertrude kept the bandages in a drawer, and he often accidentally cut his hand when moving furniture or doing other things, so he would go to the drawer to find bandages.He also said that he can read books at Gertrude's house, or make phone calls, and the two old people will not scold him. respected. "The two old people also said that I worked very hard, so they cared about me, and even gave me the elephant pendant. I said no, but they insisted on giving it. I accepted it, because I had no money around me, so I Thinking of pawning that pendant, at that time, I entrusted a friend named Candy." Jordan said.

I asked him, "Then why is your blood in the vase?" "That was when I was cleaning, my hand was accidentally cut. At that time, I was wiping this vase in my hand. I turned it sideways, so my injured finger, yes, That's the finger." Jordan held up his left hand and said, "That's the finger, Mr. Judge, and I just stuck it in." But Jordan still couldn't explain why his blood dripped in the vase, did he do it on purpose?What prompted him to make such a confusing action? I think I know what Jordan was going to say at the time, and he was going to say, Mr. Judge, maybe I'm a little confused.

He also said he owned the elephant pendant because Gertrude gave it to him as payment.He said that Gertrude did not pay his salary on time that month. Gertrude said, Jordan, you know, the business is not doing well now, it is the off-season for tourism, and there are not so many tourists in Toledo, so, Our business is also not good, so I will put this elephant pendant with you first to ensure our family's reputation to you. When the business is good, I will redeem the pendant. However, the jury did not believe Jordan's words.The basic function of the jury is to determine the facts of the case.In litigation with a jury, the judge does not ascertain the facts. The basic role of the judge is to control the proceedings and apply the law according to the facts ascertained by the jury.

Jurors are randomly selected by computer from a "reserve" of eligible individuals, much like a lottery.The difference between being a juror and an election is that the election is voluntary, and it is up to you whether you want to vote or not.But being a juror is an obligation, and once you are selected, unless there are special circumstances (proof is required), there is no need to "get away with it", otherwise it will be punished as illegal.Violators face penalties ranging from fines to prosecution.The odds of being selected as a grand juror are lower than trial jurors, which take four weeks at a time.

Grand juries are designed to hear criminal cases.All criminal cases require a grand jury hearing before going to trial.When a person accuses another person of a criminal offense and the prosecutor believes that the case can be filed, he must immediately collect various evidences.However, prosecutors cannot decide whether there is enough evidence in the case to go to trial; that decision must be made by a grand jury. The grand jury is composed of 23 people, including positive and negative "leaders" and two voluntary secretaries.There must be at least 16 people present during the hearing, and 12 people must vote for approval after the hearing.If passed, the suspect is formally charged, but it does not mean he or she is guilty.If the case goes to trial, another jury -- a 12-member trial jury -- decides whether the person is guilty of the charges after hearing arguments from lawyers for both sides.In other words, a criminal suspect must go through two jury hearings with a total of 35 people before he can be convicted, while civil cases do not have to go through the grand jury procedure. Jordan was finally sentenced to death for his involvement in two vicious murders. The case that lasted three years was finally solved, and I said to my colleagues in the summary: "The final solution of this case is due to Annette, the pawnbroker who never throws away anything, and the forensic expert who deduced the crime process based on the physical evidence." us." Forensic identification knowledge tips: Most suspects lie to deny involvement, and police sometimes test them during the hearing.To be precise, "lie detection" is not to test the "lie" itself, but to test the changes in physiological parameters caused by the psychological stimulation of the suspect. It is completed by combining bioelectronics and psychology with the help of computer means. Analysis of human psychology.Therefore, the scientific and accurate name of "polygraph" is "multi-parameter psychological test", and "polygraph" should be called "multi-parameter psychological test".It consists of a sensor, a host and a microcomputer. When the sensor is connected to the human body surface, it will collect information on changes in human physiological parameters, such as changes in respiratory rate, pulse and blood pressure, and the host will collect the information collected by the sensor. The analog signal is processed and converted into a digital signal, and the microcomputer is responsible for storing and analyzing the input digital signal, and obtaining the lie detection result.