Chapter 2 Chapter 1 Map of the Secret Realm

US Air Force 8th Reconnaissance Squadron Strategic Air Command Westover Air Force Base, Massachusetts July 6, 1960 Subject: Request for Authentication of World Map Drawn by Admiral Piri Reis To: Professor Charles H. Hapgood Keene College Lessons from Professor Hapgood, Keene, New Hampshire: The Department has complied with your request for the identification of certain unusual details in the map of the world drawn by Perry Reis in 1513. Some scholars claim that the lower part of the map depicts the terrain of Queen Maud Land, Princess Martha Coast and Palmer Peninsula in Antarctica.After careful inspection, the Ministry found that the speculation of the above-mentioned scholars on the Piri Reis map is logical and correct.

The geographic location shown at the lower end of the map is very consistent with the seismic data collected by the "Sweden-British Antarctic Exploration Mission" on the top of the ice layer in 1949.The discovery shows that the Antarctic coast was explored and mapped long before it was covered in ice. The ice in this area is now about a mile thick. The data presented by the Peary Reis map greatly surpassed the limited geographical knowledge of humans at the time of 1513.Why this is so, we do not know. I hereby reply to you. Harold Z. Ohlmeyer U.S. Air Force Lieutenant Colonel Squadron Commander

This official reply① was sent by the U.S. Air Force unit responsible for drawing the map of Antarctica, which caused a great shock in the academic circle.If Antarctica's Mudd Rear was explored before it became frozen over, the most primitive maps would have been made a long, long time ago. But how long ago? General scholars believe that the ice sheet in Antarctica, with its current size and shape, has existed for at least several million years.However, upon a little inspection, we can see that this view is actually untenable - Admiral Peary Reis's map definitely does not depict Mulder Rear in Antarctica millions of years ago .Some recent evidence suggests that Mudd Rear and adjacent areas had a long period of "ice-free" until about 6,000 years ago when they were completely ice-covered.These evidences will be discussed in detail in the next chapter.What we want to point out in this chapter is that the emergence of these evidences saves us from trying to explain a difficult mystery: before human beings appeared on the earth 2 million years ago, who had enough knowledge and knowledge? Technology, precise and meticulous geographical exploration in the Antarctic region?Likewise, since map-making is a complex, "civilized" activity, we have to explain: how could such a job have been done even 6,000 years ago?None of the real early civilizations recognized by historians had yet appeared.

Maps older than human civilization Before attempting to unravel this mystery, we must keep in mind some basic historical and geographical facts: ①The Piri Reis map is a real document, not any hoax.It was painted in Constantinople in 1513 AD. ②. The focus of this map is the west coast of Africa, the east coast of South America, and the north coast of Antarctica. ③ It is impossible for Piri Reis to obtain relevant information from the explorers at that time, because Antarctica was not discovered by Europeans until 1818 AD, more than 300 years after he drew the map. ④. The non-ice-covered coast of Mulder's Backland shown on the map is a big mystery, because according to geological data, the latest date that this area can be explored and mapped in the "ice-free" state is 4000 BC.

⑤. We cannot determine the earliest possible date for this exploration - however, there is evidence that the coastal area of ​​Mudd Rear was ice-free for at least 9,000 years before being completely engulfed by the expanding ice sheet. ⑥. As far as we know, no civilization in history had the ability to detect this coastline between 13,000 BC and 4,000 BC ②. In other words, the real mystery of this 1513 map is not that it includes Antarctica, a continent that wasn't discovered until 1818.What confuses us the most is that it shows the coast of Antarctica that has not been frozen yet, and as early as 6,000 years ago, this ice-free state has ended. Since then, the entire Antarctica has been covered under a thick layer of ice. The light of day is never seen.

How should this phenomenon be explained?Fortunately, a series of notes in Piri Reis's own handwriting on the map provide us with some answers.He told us that it was not he who actually did the prospecting and mapping.He admitted that he was only a compiler and "scribe" who drew his map from a large number of original maps.Some of these maps were drawn by explorers (including Columbus) who visited Antarctica and the Caribbean at that time or not long ago, and others were documents left over from the 4th century BC or earlier. Who exactly made the early maps?Piri Reis didn't give us any clues. In 1963, Professor Hapgood proposed a novel and thought-provoking answer to this question.He argues that some of the original maps used by Piri Reis - especially those that survived from the 4th century BC - were based on older maps based on even older blueprints .He emphasized that there is conclusive evidence showing that as early as 4000 BC, the entire earth had been thoroughly explored and mapped by a highly technological yet undiscovered mysterious civilization.He further infers:

Evidently, precise geographic information was passed down gradually through different peoples.The earliest maps were apparently drawn by a people of unknown origin, and then handed down to future generations by the Minoans and Phoenicians, the greatest seafaring peoples of ancient times, who have traversed the world's oceans for more than 1,000 years.There is evidence that these maps were collected in the library of Alexandria, Egypt, and compiled by geographers into collections for scholars to study. According to Professor Hapgood's research, these atlases and some original maps were passed on to other centers of learning, notably Constantinople. In 1204, during the Fourth Crusade, Constantinople was captured by Venetian troops, and these maps fell into the hands of European sailors and ronin:

Most of these maps are of the Mediterranean and Black Seas, but maps of other regions have survived, including maps of North and South America and the North and South Poles.Apparently, ancient navigators traveled as far as the Antarctic and the North Pole.Incredible as it may sound, evidence suggests that an ancient people did indeed explore the Antarctic coast before it was frozen over.This nation obviously possesses advanced navigational instruments that can accurately determine latitude and longitude.Their nautical technology far surpassed any ancient, medieval or modern nation before the second half of the 18th century.

Over the years, some people have speculated that in ancient times, there used to be a civilization that has now disappeared on the earth.The above-mentioned nautical technology is enough to prove that these assumptions are not purely groundless.Evidence for ancient seafaring has been largely dismissed as myth by scholars, but the evidence we present here is not easily disproved.Our evidence shows that evidence found in the past must now be re-presented and re-evaluated by scholars with an open mind. Although Albert Einstein strongly supported Hapgood's reasoning (see below), and even John Wright, president of the American Geographical Society, admitted that Hapgood "presented a hypothesis", however, no scholars have conducted in-depth scientific research on these mysterious early maps.Hapgood's colleagues in the academic world, instead of praising his contribution to the study of human civilization, deliberately suppressed him.Before his death, his views and research work were ridiculed, and these criticisms were often "sharp, trivial, unable to withstand the test of facts, and evaded real problems"⑤.

einstein point of view The late Professor Charles Hapgood taught the history of Western science at Keith College in New Hampshire, USA.He is neither a geologist nor a scholar of ancient history.However, his research had a great impact on world history and geology.His achievements should be affirmed by future generations. Einstein saw this early on, so he made an exception and wrote a preface to a new book written by Hapgood in 1953.This was a few years before Hapgood began his investigation of the Pitt Reis map.In the preface, Einstein states: I often receive letters from people from all walks of life asking for my opinion on their arguments and ideas that have not yet been published.Of course, most of these concepts and arguments lack scientific basis.However, when I received the first letter from Professor Hapgood, I was very excited to read it.Although his arguments are simple, they are extremely creative; if conclusive evidence can be found, his views will have a profound impact on the historical research of the earth's crust⑥.

The "point of view" put forward by Hapgood's book is actually a global geological theory.He tried to explain why most of Antarctica remained ice-free until 4000 BC.In addition, the book explores many other anomalies in Earth science.Hapgood's argument is briefly summarized as follows: ①. The Antarctic continent was not always covered by ice and snow. In a certain period of time, its climate was much warmer than it is today. ②. At that time, the climate of this continent was warm, because at that time its geographical location was not at the South Pole, but about 2000 miles north of the South Pole.In other words, its location at the time was "in the temperate zone beyond the Antarctic Circle, or in the region between the temperate zone and the frigid zone". ③. Under the operation of a geological mechanism (plate-tectonics) called "earth-crust displacement", this continent moved to its current position and entered the Antarctic Circle.This mechanism is different from the so-called "continental drift" in structural geology.It refers to the fact that the entire outer shell of the earth "may sometimes be displaced, just as the skin of an orange, when loosened, will move in its entirety". ④ According to Hapgood's speculation, after "crustal displacement" caused Antarctica to move southward, the continent gradually cooled, and the ice layer formed on the ground expanded, and it evolved into what it is today after thousands of years. Further evidence in support of this radical view is set forth in the chapters of Part 8 of this book.Here, we want to point out that orthodox geologists have not yet accepted Hapgood's theory, although they have been unable to provide strong evidence against it.Harper's view raises too many questions. The most important question is: what kind of geological mechanism can have such a strong impact on the lithosphere on the surface of the earth, so as to cause such a large-scale crustal displacement? Let's hear how Einstein answered this question: In the Antarctic and Arctic regions, ice and snow are constantly accumulating and not evenly distributed.The rotation of the earth changes the unevenly distributed piles of snow and ice, which triggers a centrifugal force that is transmitted to the rigid surface of the earth.The centrifugal power produced in this way will gradually increase in energy; when it reaches a certain level, it will loosen the crust of the earth and start to move... ⑦ Amazingly, Perry Reis's map appears to contain some circumstantial evidence for Hapgood's theory that ice began to form in parts of Antarctica after a sudden southward shift of the Earth's crust.More importantly, since such a map was only possible before 4000 BC, we have to re-examine the history of human civilization.According to the general opinion of scholars, no civilization existed before 4000 BC. Simply put, the academic consensus on the origin of human civilization is: ●Civilization originated in the fertile crescent of the Middle East. ●Civilization originated after 4000 BC, and reached a peak when the earliest real civilizations (Mesopotamian Civilization and Egyptian Civilization) appeared, around 3000 BC.Civilizations followed, rising up in the Indus Valley and China. ●About 1500 years later, North and South America, isolated from the rest of the world, independently developed a civilization. ●In the Old World, since 3000 BC (in the New World, since about 1500 BC), civilizations have steadily "evolved" and become increasingly complex, refined and rich. ●Therefore, compared with today's human civilization, all ancient civilizations (and their various achievements) can only be regarded as primitive things (ancient astronomers in the Middle East were in awe of heaven, which violated the spirit of science, and the Egyptian pyramids were nothing more than "Original Engineer" work). The evidence contained in the Perry Reis map contradicts all of the above arguments. mysterious drawing technique In his time, Perry Reis was a well-known figure; his place and place in history cannot be questioned.As an admiral of the Ottoman Turkish Empire, he participated in countless naval battles in the mid-16th century, and his achievements can be described as shining.In addition, he is also a recognized expert on the geography of the Mediterranean region. He wrote the book "Kitabi Bahrive", a sailing guide, on the coasts, ports, currents, shoals, piers, harbors and straits of the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. It is quite detailed.Despite his hard work, he fell out of favor with his master and was beheaded in 1554 or 1555 for his crimes. The blueprint used by Piri Reis to draw the map in 1513 was most likely originally stored in the Imperial Library in Constantinople - the admiral is said to have had privileged access to all the materials held in the library .The whereabouts of these original maps, which may have been taken from older academic centers, are unknown.The map drawn by Piri Reis was not found until 1929 in the Palace Library in Constantinople.The map, drawn on a piece of chamois hide, was rolled up and placed on a dusty shelf. The legacy of a lost civilization? As Lieutenant Colonel Allmeyer acknowledged in his 1960 letter replying to Professor Hapgood, the Peary Reis map depicts "the terrain under the ice", that is, Mulder Rear, Antarctica, covered by snow and ice The true face of the mask.The world has not seen her true face since the land of Mulder was covered by ice in 4000 BC.Her veil was not lifted until 1949, when a British and Swedish scientific expedition arrived in Antarctica to conduct a comprehensive seismic survey of Mulder Rear. If Piri Reis was the only one with access to this "anomalous" information, his maps would not be worth paying attention to.We can snort: "It may seem significant on the surface, but in reality, it may just be a coincidence." At the time, however, the Turkish admiral was not the only one with this arcane knowledge of geography.As to how this knowledge was transmitted from one people to another, and from one age to another, Professor Hapgood has made so plain that we need not trouble ourselves to guess.Regardless of the course of transmission, the fact is that several cartographers have been exposed to the same mysteries. Could it be that these mapmakers had, without knowing it, shared in the rich scientific knowledge of a civilization that had vanished without a trace?Is there such a possibility? Notes: ①Included in Hapgood's book (A map of ancient sea kings), page 243. Charles H． Hapgood FRGS, Maps of the Ancient Sea Kings, Chilton Books, Philadelphia and New York, 1996. p. 243． ②General historians believe that before 4000 BC, such a civilization could not exist on the earth. ③ See the author's preface to the revised edition of "The Map of the Ancient Sea King". Maps Of the Ancient Sea Kings (evised edition), Tunstone Book, London, 1979, Preface. ④Ibid. ⑤ Same as above, introduction. ⑥Einstein wrote the preface to Hapgood's "Moving Crust: Exploring Some Fundamental Questions in Earth Science" in 1953. Einsteins foreword to Charles H． Hapgood, Earths Shifting Crust: A Key to some Basic Problems Of Earth Science, Pantheon Books, New York, 1958, pp. l~2. ⑦ (Moving Earth's Crust) Preface to Einstein, p. 1.