Chapter 15 6. After transformation, who do you want?

Over the past 30 years, the development of Shenzhen's industry has almost reflected the direction of labor flow from the side.From the starting point of "three to one supplement" as the industrial structure, it has experienced a "leap-forward" evolution, the rapid rise of high-tech, continuous strengthening of the combination of economy and technology, the gradual upgrading or transfer of traditional industries, and the vigorous development of the tertiary industry. New economic forms are constantly emerging. In 2010, Shenzhen proposed three new pillar industries: biology, new energy, and the Internet.

Correspondingly, in the 1980s, low-end and cheap labor went south to Shenzhen. In the 1990s, college students "peacocks flew southeast" into Shenzhen's foreign-funded enterprises and top 500 companies at home and abroad. After 2000, talents entered Shenzhen's popular industries. In 2010, there was another "turning point" in Shenzhen's industrial transformation. This time, Shenzhen "abandoned" those labor forces, and what kind of talents do they need? In 1998, Guo Taiming chose Huangtian Village, Xixiang Town, Baoan District, Shenzhen and established Hon Hai Precision Co., Ltd. At that time, he said, "An open immigrant city has infinite vitality." The gathering place, the forefront of innovation and research and development in the world."His prophecy came true. This small factory with just over 100 people in 1993 has become a factory cluster with 400,000 people today.

However, in the summer of 2010, this huge "foundry empire" had to move away from this treasured place of geomantic omen.The relocation is not "impulsive", and the "12 consecutive jump incident" and "salary increase incident" are just catalysts for the development of the situation.As early as 2008, the Shenzhen Municipal Government had relevant discussions with Foxconn.According to "First Financial Weekly", Li Jinming, Foxconn's chief commercial officer in the mainland, said in an interview with the media in April 2008 that Foxconn was also looking for ways to develop when resources such as land in Shenzhen were unsustainable. "How to unify with the big situation in the city? This requires a transformation of functions, some of the factories may be demolished, and production will be transferred to other areas." Li Jinming once stated at that time: the future Shenzhen Foxconn base will be based on "research and development" + Partial production" mainly, and the maximum number of personnel is between 100,000 and 150,000.At the same time, Foxconn put forward the slogan of "Developing the Mainland and Transferring Manufacturing". The production lines were transferred to Yantai in Shandong, Chongqing, Langfang in Hebei, and Yizhuang in Beijing. Most of the transferred locations were surrounded by factories of Foxconn's major customers.

In August 2010, in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, job recruitment notices with Foxconn’s name were pasted on the gates of almost every residential area, and banners reading “Foxconn Recruitment Registration and Consultation Points” were everywhere on the streets. The myth of Shenzhen Foxconn gradually faded away. curtain down. The relocation of Foxconn, to put it mildly, is like what was said in the 2008 issue of "21st Century Business Review" "For a company like Foxconn that relies on large-scale operations, it needs to face the dual pressure of rising manufacturing costs in China and decreasing customer orders. "Since 2008, the minimum wage in Shenzhen has increased from 750 yuan to 900 yuan, which has brought huge pressure on Foxconn International's operating costs. The increase rate reached 44.5%.From the perspective of the overall environment, Shenzhen is promoting a new round of industrial upgrading under the background of "four unsustainable" (land, energy, environment, and population).As China's first batch of Hong Kong and Taiwan-funded enterprises, Shenzhen is now facing a large-scale urban upgrading and transformation project that is the fastest in the country and driven by pressure.

This transformation is to relocate low-end industries and allocate land and resources to high-tech industries and high-end service industries. A local urban planning expert in Shenzhen in the "21st Century Business Herald" pointed out that labor-intensive enterprises such as Foxconn have played a huge role in the development of Shenzhen, but after a certain level of development, labor-intensive industries supported by low labor costs The existence of large-scale industries will, on the contrary, restrict the process of Shenzhen's industrial transformation and urban development. "Because of this, the Shenzhen Municipal Government has not shown a strong attitude to retain Foxconn's factory relocation." However, the Shenzhen Government "hopes that Foxconn will put its management headquarters, operations headquarters, R&D headquarters, and financial headquarters in Shenzhen. , the development in Shenzhen will be bigger and stronger according to the form of headquarters economy."

With the relocation of Foxconn, Shenzhen's industrial upgrading has taken another step forward, all of which will also bring about changes in the labor force structure. Long before Foxconn, Futian District of Shenzhen started the road of "industrial transformation".In the past, there were more than 30 large and small industrial zones in Futian, most of which were labor-intensive simple processing and manufacturing industries such as garment making, hardware machinery, building materials, electrical appliances, and auto repair, with peasant laborers as the mainstay.However, starting around 2005, industrial upgrading and transformation began, and thousands of companies moved out in large numbers. After industrial replacement, high-tech R&D companies such as communications, network, software, and chip design became the protagonists here.Almost all of the 65 companies settled in are technology companies, with more than 2,000 employees, including 38 doctors, 165 masters, and 1,553 undergraduates.

In addition to the "industrial-to-work" transformation, there are similar changes in "industrial-to-business" and "industrial-to-text". The sample of "Industrial Reform" is to transform the famous "Huaqiangbei" mixed industrial and commercial area for electronic product processing and sales into "China's First Electronic Street"; , auto repair hardware, and a piece of simple old industrial factory building into Tianmian Creative Industry Park, including the studios of 10 top 50 design masters in the world. This series of changes is known as "achieve the transformation of Futian's industry from low-end to high-end, and the population from quantity to quality".The current population of Shenzhen has begun to be overloaded. It can be seen from Shenzhen's industrial reform that in the future, Shenzhen will adjust its population structure by shrinking the bottom-end labor force.As Song Ding analyzed: "The changes brought about by Shenzhen's industrial adjustment and upgrading are actually a good thing for Shenzhen, because low-end talents can't stay in Shenzhen, while high-end talents stay. For example In the IT industry, large companies such as Tencent and Alibaba have chosen to locate their headquarters in Shenzhen, and the competition for talents has not decreased, but has increased. It should be said that Shenzhen’s talent structure has become more specialized and oriented.”

In the past 30 years, a number of star enterprises have been born in Shenzhen, including China Merchants, Ping An, CITIC, ZTE, Huawei, Guosen Securities, BYD, Tencent, China Resources, Bosera, Vanke, China Overseas, Gemdale, Phoenix Media Group, OCT, and CIMC . And Great Wall, etc., many of these companies have entered the world's top 500 companies, and some are preparing to enter the top 500 companies, and many more companies are also China's top 500 companies. These enterprises have even become the driving force for countless Chinese college students to go to Shenzhen, a hot land, over the past 20 years.Of course, these enterprises also provide a stage for young college students pursuing their dreams.For these companies, their employment characteristics are also obvious:

One is, preference for "famous brand".According to statistics, in 1999, Shenzhen received more than 10,000 graduates from outside the city, including 218 doctoral students, 2,200 master students, and 7,783 undergraduate students. Most of the graduates outside the city came from Tsinghua University, Peking University, Fudan University, Nankai and other famous schools and a number of national key universities.It is difficult for college graduates who have not changed their names to be recognized by employers in Shenzhen.Since then, the level of talents introduced by Shenzhen has increased year by year.Just like "Recording Shenzhen in 2002: When Learning Becomes a "Shenzhen Disease"" ridiculed "In Shenzhen 10 years ago, standing in the China World Trade Center, 10 people were hit by a brick, 9 were managers, and 1 was a deputy. Manager. In Shenzhen in 2002, you can imagine that among the 10 people who were hit by a brick while standing in the Diwang Building, there were 2 doctors, 3 masters, 4 bachelors, and one who was taking a self-examination.” .

Second, talent majors are mainly distributed in science and engineering graduates, especially graduates majoring in computer, electronics, communication and sports management account for a large proportion.In comparison, among the graduates of literature and history, it is difficult for others to enter Shenzhen except for a few highly educated graduates of foreign languages, law and other majors. Among the graduates accepted by Shenzhen in 1999, literature and history accounted for only 5.9%. Obviously, these enterprises are the representatives of Shenzhen's four pillar industries - high-tech industry, financial industry, logistics industry and cultural industry.Now, these companies that provide career opportunities for college students across the country will also face higher requirements from Shenzhen's industrial transformation.

On May 31, 2010, the Government Work Report of the First Session of the Fifth National People's Congress submitted by Shenzhen proposed to put forward a new concept of core innovation centers for high-tech and financial industries, and specifically pointed out that further improving the ability of finance to serve the economy and Contribution rate, while the exhibition and culture, but also "bigger and stronger."For the adjustment of Shenzhen's industrial layout, five key words are used in the report to summarize: core competitiveness, high-end, headquarters-based, low-carbonization, and clustering. In the future, the "new economic development pole" to achieve this goal will be placed on strategic emerging industries such as the Internet, new energy, and biology.Expert Zha Zhenxiang explained that the relationship between the four major industries and the three major industries is the relationship between "now and the future". The pillar industries are the present and the foundation, while the three major industries represent the future development direction. new pillar industries.According to a report by Southern Metropolis Weekly, in the first draft of the government work report, the output value of the three emerging industries was initially set at 850 billion yuan. Calculated according to the goal of Shenzhen’s GDP reaching 150 million yuan in 2015, only this The proportion of the three major industries is more than half of the total GDP, and even if the target of 650 billion is finally adopted in the report, after five years, the proportion of these three major industries in Shenzhen's total economic output will be 100%. It will exceed 40% and become a veritable pillar industry. In order to promote the development of these three major industries, the Shenzhen government will also provide all-round services of "money, land and people".Among them, in terms of talent introduction, the measures stipulate that new energy enterprises and scientific research institutions will be given priority in setting up post-doctoral workstations, mobile stations or innovation bases, and a one-time subsidy of 500,000 yuan will be given to workstations or mobile stations that normally carry out post-doctoral work, and a one-time subsidy of RMB 500,000 to innovation bases. A subsidy of 200,000 yuan will be granted, and individuals at the postdoctoral level will also be given a subsidy of 100,000 yuan.The policies for attracting talents implemented in the three industries are: "Encourage innovative talents and innovative teams in the Internet industry to start businesses in Shenzhen and participate in the national entrepreneurial competition held in Shenzhen. Continuously engage in research and development work in Internet companies certified in this city. Innovative talents with more than one year will be given certain subsidies according to their contribution." "Encourage new energy industry talents to apply for Shenzhen high-level professional talent certification, and enjoy housing, spouse employment, children's enrollment, academic training allowances, etc. in accordance with relevant regulations Preferential policies. Encourage Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Vocational and Technical College, Shenzhen Information Vocational and Technical College, and Shenzhen University Town to set up majors related to the development of the new energy industry in Shenzhen colleges and universities." For a long time, Shenzhen's talent demand for the four major industries has maintained a strong momentum, and the demand for high-tech enterprises accounts for almost half of the total demand for graduates in Shenzhen.Now, with the introduction of policies to vigorously develop the three major industries, the future demand for talents may also be reshuffled. Guangdong (Guangzhou, Shenzhen) is very different from Beijing and Shanghai in corporate form.Guangdong enterprises are mostly private enterprises, Beijing is dominated by state-owned enterprises, and Shanghai is dominated by foreign enterprises.Private enterprises are not as strong as the "backstage" of state-owned enterprises, and similarly, they are not as strong as foreign enterprises.The nature of the enterprise is directly related to the working status of the people. In Guangzhou and Shenzhen, where there are many private enterprises, the competition faced by people will be higher than that in state-owned enterprises and foreign enterprises. Today, the opportunities in Guangzhou and Shenzhen are far less than before. Coupled with the adjustment of Guangdong's industrial structure, the requirements for talents are higher, and the competition is more intense.