Chapter 77 third quarter
Regarding the fact that the defense of the South Korean army on the 38th Parallel was easily breached, MacArthur later testified: "The South Korean army is completely incapable of resisting the North Korean army, and the logistics work of the South Korean army is also very poor, and the supply is not appropriate. South Korea The army left supplies and equipment next to the 38th parallel. They did not build a deep position. From the 38th parallel to Seoul, there are places where the South Korean army piled up supplies.”
From this point of view, when the South Korean army retreated, they left piles of weapons and military supplies (probably made in the United States and Japan) and ran away, and then the North Korean army that marched in used these weapons.This can also explain why in the early days of the battle, although the main force of the North Korean army was deployed far away from the 38th parallel, they were able to win consecutive battles.
Perhaps due to the abundance of data, South Korea's anticipation of the impending war is recorded as frequently as a seismograph.From the beginning of May 1950, news spread from the South Korean side that the North Korean army was gathering near the 38th parallel.On May 10, Minister of National Defense Shin Sung-mo said in a special interview with foreign journalists: "It seems that a full-scale civil war will break out within ten days." President Lee Dae declared on the 12th of the same month: "May and June are dangerous. During this period, something might happen.” In addition, Chief of Staff Tsai also made this statement: “North Korea may launch a large-scale offensive by taking advantage of this opportunity. The South Korean army has deployed troops and is on strict alert. "
But for some reason, this was the last public warning of this kind from the South Korean side.
"Why has South Korea been silent since that day? Since then, there have been no statements from Seoul, no news cables from Tokyo reflecting official intentions, and no speeches on the subject in the U.S. Congress gone." (E. V. Stone)
But at this time, US Secretary of Defense Johnson, former Chairman of the US Joint Chiefs of Staff Bradley, and State Council adviser Dulles visited the Far East and held talks with MacArthur.Then, Dulles visited South Korea and inspected the trenches.Why did Dulles inspect the front lines?As the Soviet Foreign Minister Vyshinsky satirized: "He didn't go to the trenches to pick violets, did he?" Dulles also delivered a speech at the Korean National Assembly, stating that the United States was ready to fight against the Communist Party both mentally and materially. provide necessary assistance to South Korea, which is fighting against communism.In addition, five days before the outbreak of war, Dulles wrote to Rhee: "I have great expectations of your country's leading role in this great drama."
Kim Ko-suk, the former interior minister of the Syngman Rhee administration, wrote a "confession" after he was captured by North Korea.According to him, in January 1950, General Roberts instructed Syngman Rhee's cabinet: "The plan for the Northern Expedition has been determined. Even if we launch the attack, it is necessary to create an excuse to make people feel that justice is on our side. For this reason , the most important thing is the report of the United Nations Commission. It is only natural for the United Nations Commission to produce a report in favor of the United States, and everyone must pay more attention to this issue and try to win the sympathy of the United Nations Commission.” Even if it is said that this is North Korea The "confession" written by the captives captured by the Chinese side needs to be discounted, but it is estimated that it is possible to issue such instructions.
Judging from the above data, it is inevitable to give such a strong impression that it was the South Korean side that fired first on the 38th Parallel.But I repeat: North Korea's data is sparse compared to South Korea's.South Korea's data is much larger on this weight.Therefore, based on these data, it is inevitable to draw conclusions that are not conducive to South Korea and the United States.If the North Korean side also publishes the same amount of data and compares them, it may become more clear and fair.Because we know the fact that as soon as the South Korean army "invaded", the North Korean army not only "driven back" them immediately, but also captured Seoul with a smashing force, and advanced to the north of Daejeon. The Rangers also quickly attacked the coast of the Sea of Japan Moreover, a few days after the start of the war, the North Korean army fought against the U.S. Army, which replaced the South Korean army, and chased the U.S. army to a corner of South Korea; this kind of strength also shocked us.Of course, as North Korea claims, the people in the U.S.-occupied areas have an ardent desire for national liberation, and the training of the North Korean army in the rear far from the 38th parallel must have played a role, but we want to know The origin of highly modern warfare.
Frankly speaking, which side crossed the 38th Parallel first, I think it is only a matter of chronological order.Because Syngman Rhee kept clamoring for a "Northern Expedition," Kim Il Sung also called for the liberation of South Korea, and he often appealed to the South Korean people before the war.Syngman Rhee believed that the entire North Korea was his "territory"; Kim Il Sung also believed that the Syngman Rhee government was a puppet government, and South Korea was a region invaded by the United States.In short, for the two sides, there is no such thing as a boundary between two countries separated by the 38th parallel.This is also attested to by the more than a thousand small battles that took place along this line before the war broke out.
Thus began the war.
"The United Nations observers returned on June 24th and submitted a (38th parallel inspection) report. The war broke out on the night they left. Syngman Rhee declared: Due to the provocation of North Korea, the war broke out .On the other hand, the North Korean government reported that South Korean troops had crossed the 38th parallel at three points, and that the North Korean troops had repulsed them before going on the offensive." (E. V. Stone)
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