Chapter 28 fourth quarter
After sorting out the information on Mount Kaga and adding my notes, the following points can be roughly summarized:
1. Before the war, the National Railway had 200,000 employees; during the war, the number of employees increased to 600,000, a threefold increase.Since June 1, Showa 24, the state-owned railway company has been transformed into a public enterprise and must be responsible for its own profits and losses.According to the new regulations, the 598 and 157 people at the end of May of the same year should be adjudicated as 503 and 072 people before the end of July.In other words, about 95,000 people will be laid off.
2. The national railway trade union opposed the plan announced by the company authorities. From June 23rd to 26th, it held the fifteenth central committee meeting in Atami and decided to "use strength in the worst case, including strikes. inside". The "worst case scenario" certainly refers to the breakdown of collective bargaining at headquarters.This decision is to concretize the campaign policy of "anti-cutting organizations" decided at the "Kotohei Conference" held in April.Due to the violent opposition, the decision of the Central Committee was not put to a vote until after dawn.
3. At that time, the Deputy Minister of Transport Shimoyama Nodori became the first president of the national railway company.Xia Shan was originally from the technical department.The Prime Minister at the time was Shigeru Yoshida, and the Minister of Transport was Shinzo Oya.Oya is an entrepreneur.
4. On July 1, the National Railway Administration and the labor union held the first negotiation.Minister of Transport Oya, President Shimoyama, Vice President Kagayama and others attended the meeting.On the trade union side, Suzuki Ichizo, vice chairman of the Central Struggle Committee, and others rejected the plan of the national railway authorities, and strongly advocated that layoffs should be carried out through "collective bargaining". Negotiation" can be carried out.
On July 2, the second negotiation took place.The opinions of the national railway authorities and the labor union could not be reconciled.President Xiashan announced: "Both sides are talking about their own things, and there is no result. Let's end the negotiation." The negotiation broke down like this.The national railway authorities decided to announce the layoffs on July 5th, and the job should be largely completed by July 20th.
5. Sagnon, director of the Civil Transportation Bureau of the U.S. General Command, was dissatisfied with the decision of the National Railways to lay off staff on July 5. He broke into the Xiashan Mansion late at night and shouted at him: "Do it early!"
Xia ShanJie was not "killed" because of personal enmity. The "White Paper" published Kaga-san's confession: "Was the president threatened and plotted against because of his relationship with Morita Nobuko?" But Kaga-san himself clearly knew that this was nonsense.I think Xiashan was murdered, and here I want to find out the background of this murder.
Why did you go down to Mitsukoshi alone on the morning of the 5th?From the moment he disappeared in the store until the next morning when he was found dead on the tracks of the Gotano Joban Line, what was the whereabouts of the president?We all want an answer to this question, and to questions of all kinds.For example, why did a large amount of dark oil not stick to the coat, but only to the underwear?What exactly is the mostly green powder that shakes out of the jacket and shirt pockets?What happened to the tie, glasses and lighter that were not found near the body?The socks are soaked with oil, but why is there no oil on the inside of the shoes?If it was murdered, where is the crime scene (first scene) and how was it transported to the rolling scene (second scene)?Why is there surprisingly little blood left in the corpse?
It's important to solve these mysteries quickly, but it's also important to see the background of events first.
why?Because clarifying the background of the incident seems to provide some clues to help us solve the actions of Xiashan before his death and various bizarre mysteries about the dead body.
Regarding the background of the "downhill incident", I adopted the order of the article written by Vice President Kaga-san.In fact, in order for readers to understand the background of the incident, it would be easier to reverse the order.
That is to say, it is easier to understand by starting with the last fifth item—the fact that Sagnon went to the Xiashan mansion late at night on July 3rd to scold the president for the issue of layoffs.
To be more precise, it was one o'clock in the morning on the Fourth of July when Sagnon broke into President Xiashan's house to scold him.At one o'clock in the afternoon of the same day, Shimoyama accompanied Chief Cabinet Secretary Masuda to the Prime Minister's residence to visit Prime Minister Yoshida.Before the interview, they waited together for a while.At this time, Xiashan said to Masuda Nagamiya, "There is an important meeting at one o'clock this afternoon", and went back.However, when Masuda questioned him later, he found out that the National Railways had not held any important meetings that should be attended when going down the mountain.The mystery of the fact that Xiashan left halfway at one o'clock in the afternoon with excuses will be deduced later.
As I said before, Shimoyama originally made an appointment to go to the U.S. Army General Headquarters with Vice President Kagayama at eleven o'clock in the morning of the next day (the 5th) in order to report the layoffs to the Civil Transportation Bureau, but After ten o'clock in the morning, there was no sign of the president, so everyone panicked.Vice President Kaga-san came back to the main office around twelve o'clock. Hearing that there was no sign of the president yet, he intuitively felt that something had happened.So while getting in touch with the government, the Metropolitan Police Department, and the General Headquarters, a request for an order to investigate was put forward.
I have always believed that it is too hasty for a senior official like President Xiashan to be missing for several hours, and immediately broadcast everywhere by radio, calling for everyone's assistance in finding him.As Kaga-san said, it must be seen from the eyes of outsiders that Shimoyama was also full of unease around him, so that he "felt intuitively that something happened."
What does this unease mean?In any case, the relationship between the U.S. General Command and the Japanese government at that time must be clearly explained, so that people can understand why Xiashan had to keep in touch with the U.S. General Command for layoffs, and why Sagnon, the director of the Civil Transportation Bureau, broke into the Japanese government. Come down the mountain to lose your temper.
The Japanese government under American occupation cannot stand alone to draft laws.
Therefore, none of Japan's institutional reforms at that time was carried out by the Japanese government alone.The national railway layoff plan carried out in accordance with the "staffing law" was not drawn up by the government, but by the U.S. Army General Command.It can be seen from this that Sagnon, the leader of transportation, called the Japanese railway "my railway" in this sense, so we can roughly understand why he broke into the president's mansion in the middle of the night to make a noise.As for the immediate reason for Sagnon's tantrum, it will probably be clear below.
We must first understand the internal situation of the U.S. General Command at that time, in order to explain why the U.S. General Command changed the Japanese railway into a public enterprise under the high-sounding name of being responsible for its own profits and losses, and formulated a "capacity law" to lay off a large number of employees.
However, no one has yet written the history of the U.S. Army General Command, which ran rampant after the war and changed Japan.Nearly a decade has passed since it went into effect, and official records like the "History of U.S. General Command" have yet to be published.
Now everyone already knows that within the Japanese Occupation Forces General Command (i.e., the U.S. Army General Command), with MacArthur at the center, the power struggle between the Ministry of Intelligence and the Civil Affairs Bureau has been fierce. I don't know what to fill in.
Regarding this matter, a certain magazine recently published an article titled "America's Spy Agency", describing the intrigue within the US military headquarters.The author's name is Tatsuzo Ohno, probably a pseudonym.This is a left-wing magazine, which would lead one to think that the articles published in it are naturally biased, but I read it and found it to be a generally fair account.Since no work on the history of the U.S. General Command has yet been published, I will use this article as a clue to briefly outline the background of the "downhill incident".
The summary of "America's Secret Service" is as follows:
While occupying Japan, the U.S. military also set up a spy network all over Japan.There is an intelligence department under the U.S. General Command, which is the highest decision-making body in the U.S. intelligence team stationed in Japan.It is directly under the headquarters of the Eighth Army, and there are also intelligence departments under the headquarters of each division and army.
"Counter-espionage teams" are divided into military areas according to the Japanese occupation, in Hokkaido (Sapporo), Tohoku (Sendai), Kanto Koshinetsu (Tokyo), Tokai (Nagoya), Kinki (Osaka), (Okayama), Kyushu Island (Fukuoka) and other places have established local headquarters, regional headquarters have also been established in each prefecture, and troops have been stationed in major cities and other important areas.Major General Willoughby is the head of the intelligence department of the U.S. General Command, and the captain of the "counterintelligence team" at each local headquarters is a colonel or lieutenant colonel-level spy officer. The larger counties each have two to three hundred officers, sergeants, soldiers and others. Civilian personnel in the army also employ fifty or sixty Japanese staff.
The Ministry of Intelligence and the gang of the "Counterintelligence Team" were not only engaged in espionage, the Ministry of Intelligence was also involved in vitally important activities in determining and implementing the policy of occupation of Japan.The Civil Affairs Bureau within the U.S. General Command played an important role in the occupation of Japan, and the Intelligence Department played no less role than it.
The relationship between the Ministry of Intelligence and the Civil Affairs Bureau is bad.The Director of Civil Affairs, Brigadier General Whitney, and Willoughby often quarreled in front of MacArthur.Regarding the same matter, Japanese officials often receive two different orders at the same time, making them confused.The Ministry of Intelligence constantly and stubbornly advocates the most reactionary approach.Objectively speaking, this antagonism reflected the differences of opinion between the U.S. State Department and the Department of Defense on the Japanese occupation policy, but it seemed that the main issue lay in the more despicable struggle for power.
Immediately afterwards, the Ministry of Intelligence began their best espionage activities, accusing Kirgis, Deckard, and more than 200 progressives from the Civil Affairs Bureau of corruption, redification, etc. They all went back to America.In this big quarrel, the Japanese police also intervened.They nailed the tips of senior officials of the Civil Affairs Bureau and Economic Science Bureau.
The Civil Affairs Bureau did not show weakness.They established close ties with the Bureau of Civil Intelligence and Education, and extended their hands mainly into Japan's financial, political, journalistic and artistic circles.They seized the radio and newspapers, and until 1947 dominated American propaganda in Japan.
CIA and PSB personnel came to Japan in February 1947.It is said that the person in charge who came to Tokyo with the full mission of these two organizations is called Galgate.He first set up an office on the fourth floor of the Mail Company Building and set up the Bureau of Records and Investigations.Galgate holds the president's handwriting, so the power is really great.He removed capable people from the Intelligence Department and the "Counter-Spy Team", recruited a large number of senior spies, and reorganized the spy agencies in Japan.Major Cannon (later promoted to lieutenant colonel) who was in the "counterintelligence team" in Yokohama when he first came, and later worked in the Intelligence Department of the Eighth Army was also incorporated.He was ordered to run a unit - the Cannon Institute.
Due to the orders of the US military intelligence department, the "counterintelligence team" had to obey Galgate, but they were very unhappy.It is said that the "counterintelligence team" had defied the Bureau of Records Investigation, and many people were sent back to their country.The dispute between the two spy agencies continued until early 1949.In 1949, the "Act Concerning the Strengthening of the Intelligence Agency" was passed in the US Congress without discussion.At this time, the CIA won a complete victory.This statute provided the CIA with its first legal basis.
The above is the general situation.
Speaking of which, everyone knows about the attempt to depose former National Police Chief Saito.Saito Noboru wrote in his memoirs something along the lines of:
"I tried my best to recommend Hideo Hisama, thinking that he is the most suitable person to serve as the head of the National Local Police Headquarters, but he was strongly opposed by the Civil Affairs Bureau. The reason was related to the internal dispute between the Civil Affairs Bureau of the U.S. Army General Command and the Intelligence Department. About This problem has happened before:
"I used to be the governor of Yamanashi Prefecture, but I was later transferred to the Ministry of the Interior as a deputy minister. When I visited the relevant departments of the U.S. General Command, a very powerful member of the Civil Affairs Bureau said the following to me:
"'I heard that the police of the Metropolitan Police Department are investigating the girlfriends of our garrison soldiers and the people around them. If it is true, it is really unreasonable! I issue a serious warning that the police are not allowed to do such things .'
"A month later, a certain colonel called me in again and said: 'Since the last conversation, the investigation by the Japanese police has not stopped, it has continued, and even plans to investigate my girlfriend.' The business card of the policeman who went to investigate was placed in front of me. He said: "What is the purpose of doing such a thing? You must investigate and give me a clear answer immediately." A case commissioned by the director of the bureau, Hisama, to the head of the Police Department of the Metropolitan Police Department to investigate.
"It turned out that a certain colonel in the Civil Affairs Bureau of the U.S. General Command had supreme power in the bureau and was a central figure in formulating the occupation policy toward Japan, but it was said that his policies were very left-leaning. Some people said that he might be a communist; in the U.S. military An important person in the Yoshida cabinet, S, who has many friends in the intelligence department of the headquarters, formed a gang with the intelligence department and arranged a strategy to drive the colonel out of Japan. Therefore, it is necessary to grasp the fact that the colonel has misbehaved, and Other materials that are enough to force him to leave Japan. Hisayama was commissioned by S to call the Metropolitan Police Department to investigate. At that time, it was rumored that the colonel had a very close relationship with Japan. As for the investigation method used, I will not describe it here. But at that time, no real evidence was found. Therefore, I reported to the colonel: "It turned out that I received an anonymous letter, saying that some officers transported the supplies of the garrison troops to Japanese women. In order to clarify the facts and obtain evidence, we proceeded." It was investigated. As a result, it was found that there was no illegal act, and the investigation was over.'
"But nearly a year later—by which time I had been transferred to the Superintendent of Police—the colonel told me that my report was a pack of lies. Based on his own investigations, it was clear that Hisayama was following the orders of some important government figure. A conspiracy planned by entrusting someone in the Metropolitan Police Department with the order of that person.
"In short, due to this incident, the confrontation between the Civil Affairs Bureau of the U.S. Army General Command and a certain section of the Intelligence Department has intensified. It is speculated that Hisayama has attracted hatred, not to mention, and even the president of the Liberal Party Yoshida himself.
It can be said to be a causal cycle.The issue of removal later also came to Sergeant Saito himself.Saito wrote in his memoirs:
"In early July of the 24th Showa era, Chief Cabinet Secretary Masuda called the Chairman of the National Public Safety Commission, Erro Tsuji, and asked for a meeting with him. Chairman Tsuji asked me, 'What's the matter so suddenly?' I replied: "I don't know the exact situation, maybe it's about my removal? I feel so." Chairman Tsuji immediately went to Chief Cabinet Secretary Masuda. As expected, he was asked to try to "resign Chief Saito National Police." "The National Public Safety Commission seems to have no reason to ask the chief to resign. What does the government think about this issue?" Chairman Tsuji asked him in this way. Chief Cabinet Secretary Masuda said: "Anyway, the government thinks that Saito-kun is not suitable to be the chief of the national police. Therefore, I hope you It can be done according to the will of the government.'
"Chairman Tsuji said that he had no reason to dismiss Saito. Chief Masuda replied: Please reconsider this matter. Regarding the content of the National Public Safety Commission's rejection of the government's request during the interview today, it must be kept strictly confidential and not leaked. "
Chief Saito insisted that he had no reason to resign, and Chief Cabinet Secretary Masuda repeatedly forced Chief Saito to resign.However, Chief Masuda was defeated on this issue, and Chief Saito National Police remained in office.Saito wrote:
"There has been a lot of discussion about this issue, and the Chief Cabinet Secretary is said to be a very bad person, but at least it can be asserted that this idea is not his idea. I have sympathy for my senior Masuda and think he is very unlucky. I am in Two or three months before this incident, I told Chief Cabinet Secretary Masuda that it might not be the best policy for Prime Minister Yoshida to keep an important person whom the Civil Affairs Bureau hates the most by his side. added fuel to the fire."
Noboru Saito has written a good book.From this book, we clearly understand that the reason why Noboru Saito became the chief of the National Police and why he was to be dismissed is nothing more than the secret struggle between the Intelligence Department of the US General Command and the Civil Affairs Bureau.
I don't think it is possible to get to the bottom of the "downhill incident" without understanding this point.
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