Chapter 9 chapter eight

The chief is still in the 301 hospital.Still in the ward of No. 301 Hospital. The military cot used by the staff officer of the guard is still placed in the corridor.It's been almost two years.On this day, the assistant Xiao Chen excitedly held a large envelope in his hand and a two-speaker VCR in his hand. When he met the security staff officer and several other colleagues who accompanied the bed, he looked very happy, and concealed himself. Unable to hold back joy and anxiety, he hurriedly shouted in a low voice: "Let's just see this one time!" "What?" The security staff waited impatiently to come over and ask Assistant Chen what he was holding.

"You'll know it when you hear it." Xiao Chen made a fool of himself.I saw him insert the tape into the VCR, and then pressed the square button heavily, and the VCR immediately sounded "hissing"—— "Comrades... Our country's economic construction, national defense construction and the oil needed by the people used to rely mostly on imports, but now we are basically self-sufficient in terms of quantity and variety!" who?Such a familiar voice! "It's Premier Zhou's speech at the Fourth Session of the Second National People's Congress. The Chief's favorite to listen to..." Xiao Chen said excitedly.

"Great! This time the chief should react!" The security staff and everyone in the room cheered up.Someone stepped forward and deliberately doubled the sound. While listening to the recording, they nervously watched every subtle reaction on the chief's face lying on the bed. Ah - the chief's face is flushing red!It's flushed red!Someone screamed! But no, after hundreds of days of the "Ice Age" age, the chief's face is really undergoing wonderful changes! Xiao Chen and the security staff were in a hurry to increase their voice, and pressed it close to the chief's ear - "The era when the Chinese people used foreign oil will soon be gone forever!"

"Wow -" thunderous storm, thunderous applause. "Chief! Did you hear that, Chief?" "Sir, this is the solemn moment when your most beloved Premier Zhou announces to the world that my country's 'era of foreign oil is gone forever'—Sir!" "Chief, you should wake up this time, Chief..." Xiao Chen, the security staff and the whole room were crying, standing in front of the lying Chief, with eyes swollen from crying eagerly waiting for the miracle to come. Appear-- The chief in his confusion seemed to understand something, his eyelids opened slightly, and a gleam of light flashed in his pupils... Ah, it's the prime minister!It is the Prime Minister who is praising us in Daqing, praising us in the oil industry for finally throwing off the hat of poor oil for the country!Yes, it is the voice of the Prime Minister!

Prime Minister, where are you?I have been looking for you so hard!Hundreds of dark, lightless and soundless days! "Chief! Chief—" the dedicated assistants and security staff shouted over and over again, playing Premier Zhou's loud and powerful solemn declaration over and over again—they were still doing everything possible to let the chief from this familiar The pulse of life consciousness restarted in the voice... They are praying. "Okay! Okay! This place will be very lively in the future! It's worth celebrating!" In the old Qin Hutong where the moon was shining on his head, the general's loud and hearty voice sounded again.On this day, he received an important piece of good news from the front: Kang Shien told him that at 9 am on June 1, the first train of crude oil from Daqing departed from Sartu Railway Station on time.

Putting down the phone, the general moved a wooden chair, walked to the center of the open courtyard, and sat on it.Cross your legs and look up to the sky... Haha, the sky is full of stars, competing to talk to them.what you want to say?Ask me how the big battle is going?Comrades, can you bear the hunger? Haha, of course I can afford it!Of course the battle was well fought!However, now I don't think about these things. Now that the big oil field is in hand, how to develop it?This is a big deal, a world-class oil field, if it is damaged, it is a big crime! Yes, what kind of development method?This is not the same as what a little devil did, or what "Lao Jiang"'s 8 million reactionary army did.

The temperature in Beijing in early June was not low, but it was still chilly in the middle of the night, but at this moment, the general was hot all over. He took the round-neck sweater that was loose on the waist of his trousers to his chest, fanned it with his right hand, but his eyes were still warm. Looking at the sky full of stars... The General is listening to the views of the technicians - now of course in the dry base at the front: Li Desheng said: When the first well in the Putaohua structure was tested for oil, the weather was cold, minus 40 degrees.After the oil spewed out of the well, it rushed to a height of more than ten meters, but when it fell, it turned into grains of solid matter, and then looked at the ground, hey, these are not black "coffee beans" Well!In the morning, the workers on the well site woke up and saw that there were black and shiny "coffee beans" all over the ground. When they stepped on them, they were not slippery or broken, and they were soft and like sponges... I called When Minister Kang reported, he also smiled strangely: Let’s work hard, how could we harvest the “coffee beans” in abundance!

Kang Zhenhua, Bai Yingqun and others from the design institute said: The area where Daqing is located has a long winter, low ground temperature, and high groundwater level, and the crude oil in the oilfield has high wax content, high viscosity, and high freezing point. There are almost no oil fields in the world.There is no reference to this oil delivery design problem.In a word: difficult. Alas, Lord Hades intends to make things difficult for us.It’s hard to make a big name, but it just doesn’t let you go on with it.I don't know who is moaning. Someone immediately objected, standing up and retorting: What are you talking about?Now that we have found all the big oil fields, what's so great about this "coffee bean".Let me see, just freeze it and solidify it into a hard piece!That's easy too!Like transporting coal, when the time comes, use a saw to cut it piece by piece and put it on the car train. Is there any difficulty?

The one who sighed refused to accept: You can't do this, oil oil, it has to be fluid oil!We can't make people laugh. After fighting for a long time and trying our best, we ended up with some black balls and black lumps! What black eggs, black lumps, black bumps?I think your heart is dark! You are heartbroken! The general smiled and raised his hand: Today we will not discuss the problem of black hearts, everyone concentrates on thinking about how to melt our "coffee beans" into something that can flow, so that we can carry out the next step of oil field development, you guys Say it?I think since the oil we found is essentially the same as other crude oils in the world, right?Then there should be a way to turn "coffee beans" into the fluid liquid we want!

Lao Kang, didn’t you hear recently that a Soviet oil and gas gathering and transportation expert named Wei Shifu had seen our oil?The general turned his gaze to Kang Shien, who had been meditating in the smoke. Vishev, called Vishev.Kang Shien threw the cigarette butt on the ground, stamped it out with his foot, and said: Yes, Mr. Vishev was going back to China a few days ago, so I invited him to our place to teach him how to deal with the gathering and transportation process of Daqing Oilfield question.Vishev designed the gathering and transportation processes of many oil fields in the Soviet Union, and he also helped design our Karamay oil field.Ke Weishev shook his head after seeing our Daqing oil, saying that he had never seen this kind of oil, so he had to suggest using their "Balonin" gathering and transportation process.That is, hot steam boilers are used for wellhead insulation, and steam pipelines are used for oil pipelines to accompany insulation.Crude oil is measured with a gear flow meter or a tipping bucket meter.This method is currently a common gathering and transportation process in oil fields around the world, and it is relatively economical.However, we feel that the "Baroning" process is still not suitable for such a low-temperature area as Daqing.In the end, Weishev had no choice but said that there was only one possible solution: move our oil fields to tropical places.

Everyone laughed: This is bullshit! In fact, what Vishev said was not a joke. There is an oil field in the world whose crude oil is similar to that of Daqing. In Indonesia, it is indeed on the tropical equator.Daqing Oilfield did not have that blessing. Yu Qiuli couldn't laugh after hearing this.A large oil field has been found, but it cannot solve the problem of transporting crude oil from the wellhead to the oil station. This does not mean that a thirsty person ran to the seaside—there is water, but the thirst cannot be quenched!Is it only possible to choose the "Baronin process"?The general shook his head and denied himself: In Karamay, he had seen this method of gathering and transportation—installing a boiler on almost every well, and laying a large number of steel pipes to transport the oil to the oil station.This method is okay for an oil field with only a few oil wells, but for a super-large oil field like Daqing, there may be thousands or tens of thousands of oil wells in the future. If boilers are needed, the boilers burning all over the place are next to the surging In the sea of ​​oil, doesn't that mean people are lying on a giant ammunition depot that is about to explode at any time!Absolutely not!No way!Besides, where do you get the money to repair so many boilers and lay so many imported steel pipes? The general was in a difficult situation.The cause of national construction and national defense is urging to wait for Daqing's crude oil to be transported to the place where it is needed every day, but what about here?There is oil but it cannot move.By the way, didn't "June 1" send out the first column of crude oil from Sartu?Do you know what's going on at the Dalian refinery?Cough, I haven't unloaded it for three days.The beautiful and clean railway station has been completely changed because of this column of crude oil.The locals even shouted that whoever dares to bring such oil to Dalian will not let such people enter the train station in the future.If the general hadn't issued an order through the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Railways that "whoever blocks the oil truck from entering the station will be regarded as a crime of sabotaging national construction", perhaps the oil in Daqing would have to stay in Sartu! Out of luck?No.Get rid of the foreign crutches and let the technicians use their brains to find a way.In those days, Yu Qiuli "clustered" with the technicians every day, and even the office work was moved among them.Look at him: he always likes to carry a wooden stick in his hand, and when he gets there, he gesticulates with the technicians on the ground, squatting for a long time.No, according to his suggestion, a research brigade headed by Zhang Wenbin and Jiao Liren was also established.That's hilarious!The free-spirited research brigade took out a bit of the energy of steelmaking in previous years, and built some boilers at different oil well sites for testing.After repeated inspection and identification, it is felt that there is a kind of thermal insulation device of the Christmas tree that adopts closed fire wall heating and wind blowing and the thermal insulation device of the wall flue type separator is relatively better.This kind of crude oil heating and heat preservation scheme, commonly known as "three fires", is: the first fire is to blow hot air in the heat preservation room at the wellhead——to send hot air to the heat preservation room through the flue; the second fire is to heat the crude oil with a coil furnace ; The third fire is the heating furnace in the duty room for heat preservation and heating.On the test site, the raging "three fires" made the "coffee beans" coming out of the wellhead still keep the black oil rolling during the whole process of arriving at the oil station.Some people cheered "Long live victory", but there was still no smile on the general's face. "I can't laugh. Because the 'three fires' always threaten the safety of the well site, they are three hidden dangers." The general said to others.His wish is: to turn the "three fires" into "two fires" and "one fire" as much as possible, and strive to isolate the fire source from the well site and turn the open fire into a dark fire. Zhang Wenbin and Jiao Liren were ordered to continue experimenting towards this goal.After three days and three nights of hard work, the research team of the oil construction department built a 15-meter-long flue separator, heat preservation furnace and oil nozzle heating furnace, which made a big step forward in safety and fire prevention; the third team of the Yumen brigade of the infrastructure headquarters , Local materials were used to build a "dry base" heating furnace, and the heating and heat preservation efficiency and fire prevention effect were also greatly improved... In this way, the "three fires" really became "two fires". The research personnel were overjoyed and invited the general to visit the site. The general still shook his head after seeing it, and said: "'Two fires' did not completely isolate the source of fire at the well site. A small spark may lead to a big fire. I can't sit back and relax with this plan..." Completely hit the mark.Not only did the general fail to sit back and relax, but he almost flew away with his black hat: at 1 pm on October 12 of that year, a fire broke out in well 20, row 6, in the central area, with thick smoke billowing and flames flying into the air. Due to the fierce fire, the Harbin Fire Brigade had to be called for help. "What's the matter? It's been burning for seven or eight hours, why hasn't it been extinguished?" The general picked up the Beijing-Sartu special line phone from time to time in the building of the Ministry of Petroleum in Beijing, calling and shouting. "Give me the Air Force of the Military Commission!" The general has already requested the Prime Minister's Office, ready to use Air Force aircraft to support the fire fighting at any time. Another hour, two hours passed.The raging fire was still burning on the prairie, and the flames and thick smoke shrouded the entire line of the theater.Kang Shien, the front-line commander, has been forcibly pulled down from the fire scene several times, and more than 30 warriors who have been injured and unconscious during the firefighting have reached more than 30... "We must and resolutely do everything possible to put out the fire! Don't leave a single spark!" The general who had been shouting for more than ten hours was completely hoarse at this moment, but he still held up the phone and shouted. "Mr. Yu, the fire...is out. It's finally out!" Zhang Wenbin said on the phone, his voice trembling with tears.It was around 00:30 on the 12th. The fire burned for a total of 11 and a half hours.The moment he put down the phone, the general found that the shirt inside his sweater was already soaked. "It's a huge difficulty, and I have to overcome it! At all costs and strength!" This time, the general's right arm swung up and down in the air three or five times in a row, and each swing was like a hurricane. . A young professor came into the general's field of vision: his surname was Zhang Mingying, an associate professor at the Beijing Institute of Petroleum. The research team he was ordered to lead was designing and testing around the clock. The bloody battle with real guns and real knives is not much different!That's right, Liu Sihu is rushing up again!In front of the general, a man covered in blood but still holding a gun and shouting "Kill" rushed towards the enemy's position... Liu Sihu gradually became a young professor Zhang Ying——Zhang Ying holding the blueprint, in the war zone Running back and forth between the oil wells, sweating and raining, and finally designed a "water jacket heating furnace" with only "one fire". "Okay! This time I can let go of the stone in my heart." A smile appeared on the general's face. "But what if the stove explodes?" During the test, someone asked the general worriedly.The general waved his hand: "It's okay to explode. Since it is a scientific experiment, how can there be smooth sailing? To allow failure, the important thing is to learn from the failure. Of course, unnecessary sacrifices and losses should be avoided as much as possible. How about it, you During the test, call me." No, no, I'll go by myself!General Zhang Yingchao made an Amitabha gesture and walked towards the well site against the strong wind.I saw him come to the newly designed hot stove, pouted his buttocks, buried himself in the ground like a badger digging a hole, and ignited the stove. "Professor Zhang, your method doesn't work. We light fires like you every day, and within two days we will have to drive our wives and children out of the house!" The workers stood aside and laughed at the young professor. Zhang Ying felt baffled: "What's the matter?" The workers said: "Your design is not scientific." The young professor said angrily, "My design is not scientific, so you should design it yourself!" Seeing the young professor returning to the design room angrily, the general asked the cafeteria to bring a bowl of corn porridge and two vegetable dumplings.While inviting him to eat, he said, "Professor Zhang, let me see you try it yourself. According to one worker managing more than 20 heating furnaces on a pipeline, light them all once and see what happens." The young professor was taken aback for a moment, looked up at the general, nodded, and immediately got up to leave. Take it easy and eat this first.The general pointed to the porridge and wild vegetable dumplings on the table.The young professor gave the general a grateful look, and then started to gobble it up. One morning passed, and Zhang Ying returned to the office from the oil well.He lowered his head, but he didn't dare to raise his head to meet people.The general saw it, and walked up to him with a smile. He wanted to laugh but didn't: the young professor's face was covered with oil, and one and a half of his two eyebrows were burned off. "How about it, it seems that this heating furnace really needs to be changed! Think about it, the oil production workers have to light the fire every day, and their eyebrows and hair will all be burned. They are all young guys. Do you want them to find a partner? , made out with your daughter-in-law?" The general's words amused the young professor. "I'll redesign it right away." Zhang Ying picked up a bunch of blueprints and entered the design room full of energy. While the young professor was making design improvements, the general walked into another professor's room.Qin Tongluo is tall and big, not like a teacher, but like a porter.It's a pity that he is too thin, as thin as a stick of firewood. "What's the matter with you? Are you hungry or sick?" The general was very sympathetic. Professor Qin shyly held up the waistband of his trousers, which was about to fall, and said: I eat a lot, and the rations I set are not enough. So how much can you eat a day? Enough is full, about five catties.After the professor finished speaking, he smiled embarrassedly. The general also laughed: five catties? !Okay, five catties is five catties. A few days later, word spread that the pregnant professor Qin Tongluo's daily five-jin ration was spread throughout the battle.It is said that it was specially approved by Minister Yu and Vice Minister Kang.A few intellectuals including Zhang Ying were also specially approved to let go of their stomachs and eat a full meal. During the battle to overcome the collection and transportation process, another young technician came into the general's field of vision: his surname was Feng Mingjiachao.Thin and small, Malaysian returned overseas Chinese, known as "Desperate Saburo" at work.The general admired him very much. He was a graduate of the Petroleum Institute in his twenties, but he was an "old oil" from Yumen, and he was quite good at business.At the technical symposium, he proposed a "lantern hanging" oil collection process plan, which aroused the special interest of the general and Kang Shien.The so-called "hanging lantern" scheme is to lay an oil collection pipeline along the well row, and then connect the oil wells in series. The oil from each oil well is heated and metered at the well site, and then transported to the oil transfer station through this pipeline. The lad is smart and wise!Yu Qiuli and Kang Shien praised this frequently.However, there are still some key technologies that make the general feel worried, so he asks Kang Shien to ask Feng Jiachao on his behalf. "In this method, you don't use the steam heat tracing pipe to keep warm, but use the residual temperature after the wellhead is kept warm, can you ensure that the pipeline is not frozen enough?" "Absolutely can't freeze." "What if it's frozen?" "This……" "This is the key problem. If the pipeline freezes, you have to drill your heads into the pipeline and push the oil out for me!" The general couldn't help laughing at Kang Shi'en's utter desperation, forcing the young man to have no way out. "This, this is actually a way to supplement each other with heat!" The young man was at a loss for words and then argued: "A well is like a glass of water, and a pipeline is like a bucket of water. Put a glass of hot water and a bucket of hot water at the same time. Take it outside, who will freeze first? Of course, the water in the cup. Now the oil collection pipeline is connected with oil wells, and the heat of dozens of wells is collected in one pipeline, so it will not freeze. " Makes sense, let's see if Kang Shien, the "old fox", has any problems.The general was happy to watch the big expert and the small expert face off. "Theoretically, it's feasible." Look at Kang Shien's power!He said: "But there are still many problems in reality. You have to repeatedly calculate and argue. There is also a back pressure problem, have you considered it?" "Old Fox" is amazing.He continued to challenge: "These dozens of wells are connected together, the pressure inside the pipe is high, and the pressure at the wellhead is low. Will the back pressure suffocate the oil well?" The general sweated for the young man: this is a fatal problem! "No!" the young man answered loudly, and with absolute certainty. "Example: If a person can carry a 50-jin burden, you only let him carry 20 or 30 catties. He will be very relaxed and will not be overwhelmed. The same is true for back pressure. As long as you control a reasonable pressure, you will No impact on well production." The general secretly applauded the young man. "I don't think so. If you really hold back the oil, then what are we doing so hard to extract oil?" "That's right, just vacuum the oil collection pipeline!" People don't buy young people's account. "Yes, can the pipeline be vacuumed? Vacuuming can increase production!" This is what Kang Shien said, and he is also standing on the opposite side of the young people? The general sweated for the young man. "Minister Kang, if this is the case, why do you still need to control the mouth of the well? Why don't you just open the mouth of the well and let the water flow out!" Hey, the young man suddenly fired at Kang Shi'en! Perhaps no one realized that such a thing would happen, and the atmosphere at the venue froze. Kang Shien adjusted his glasses and grabbed the cigarette case with an unnatural expression. The young man suddenly came to his senses, cold sweat broke out on his forehead: "Mr. Kang, Minister Kang, my words may be too much, but I didn't mean to you..." The quick-witted Feng Jiachao stammered this time, and he didn't understand what he said. Poor look. "Hahaha..." Amidst a burst of laughter, the general stood up.I saw him waving his hand at Feng Jiachao, with an appreciative expression on his face: "Young man, it's okay, just keep talking, keep talking." Feng Jiachao glanced at Kang Shien timidly, and seeing that there was a smile on Kang Shien's face, he let go of his voice again, and explained why the pipeline could not be vacuumed.After listening, the participants nodded frequently. "How about old Kang, the young man is quite reasonable! Look..." The general wanted to give Kang Shien a step, and besides, it was getting late, it was past midnight. Kang Shi'en nodded and got up, and said, "I understand. Since we can't do it, let's not talk about vacuuming. Well, Minister Yu said, today's meeting will end here, and we will continue to talk tomorrow." Announcing the end of the marathon meeting, the participants felt liberated.But only Feng Jiachao quietly walked past Yu and Kang with anxiety.The general saw all this. "Hey, old Kang, the young man is a little scared tonight." When the general handed Kang Shien a cigarette, he gently reminded him with his right arm. "Who?" Kang Shien didn't respond. The general nunu with his mouth. "Him? I can't spare him tonight!" Kang Shien said loudly. "What do you want?" The general was surprised. "If he doesn't convince me with his plan before dawn, I won't let him sleep!" Kang Shien stomped his feet vowingly. The general smiled happily: These intellectuals!Lao Kang is the same!Two words: cute!The general waved his hand: "Okay, you guys go to study, but don't make it too late."At least for a while. Kang Shien didn't blink, and when he returned to the office, he asked the secretary to call Feng Jiachao to his office, along with Zhang Wenbin and Jiao Liren. "Xiao Feng, do you smoke?" "No no, I won't." "Then I'm going to smoke it." Kang Shien smiled and took out a dozen cigarettes from the cigarette case, arranged them on the table, and said, "Tonight we are going to finalize your plan, and you, Xiao Feng, have to take your cigarettes away." Tell me all the reasons for the design.” Feng Jiachao was extremely excited, so it is so!Therefore, he explained the process and principle from the wellhead to the oil gathering station carefully, and then stated the advantages and disadvantages of his design plan. "Old Zhang, Lao Jiao, what do you think?" Kang Shien asked Zhang Wenbin and Jiao Liren for their opinions. "I think it can." "I also agree that this plan is currently the best plan." Kang Shien patted the table and stood up: "Okay, I'll basically decide on it! By the way, I have to give it a name, I can't call you the process of hanging lanterns! It's called—how about the Sartu process, lad?" Feng Jiachao was very excited: "Okay. Sartu process! We are from China!" Zhang Wenbin and Jiao Liren laughed.The two of them raised their wrists to look at their watches at the same time: Hey, it's already three o'clock in the morning, why don't we leave? Kang Shi'en grabbed the cigarettes on the table: "I haven't smoked a few yet!"On the quiet Saertu Grassland, someone has already lit up the smoke, and the rooster begins to crow... After Feng Jiachao's "Sartu Process" was determined, Yu Qiuli instructed Kang Shi'en to immediately convene the senior leaders of the battle headquarters, and asked the relevant units to do their best to design and test.And the problems encountered in the design test of this process are one after another, such as how high the crude oil should be heated, how big the diameter of the oil collecting pipe is, how deep the pipeline should be buried, etc., all have to involve a key Sexual data - k value.The so-called k value is the total heat transfer coefficient of pipes of different diameters under different natural conditions and different laying methods.This k value can be found in Soviet textbooks, but what kind of k value to choose is completely different from the materials used and the money spent, which is extremely huge.In order to save money for the country and meet the production needs of Daqing Oilfield, this project is of great significance, for this reason.Yu Qiuli especially emphasized at the party group meeting held by the Ministry of Petroleum: "Pipeline insulation is a big problem. In the cold season in Daqing Oilfield, the temperature drops to more than minus 30 degrees. How to ensure the unimpeded flow of oil pipelines, we have to study and determine What should this pipeline do under various temperature conditions? How high should the oil delivery temperature be? What is the temperature change when the pipeline is buried underground? How deep is the pipeline buried, etc. We can get these data from some foreign books and documents , but we cannot completely rely on other people’s information and data, but proceed from reality and explore and pursue in practice.” This is part of a big battle.In the winter of this year, five technicians including Tan Xueling from the Design Institute, who only measured the k value, braved the severe cold of minus 30 to 40 degrees, and launched a series of arduous battles similar to digging landmines in the ice and snow. Dig a pit every 50-100 meters, squat one person in each pit, and measure the temperature of the squatting person in each pit every once in a while. No matter it is windy or snowy, the test must be carried out continuously .Tan Xueling and the others crouched in the snow for more than ten hours in such a cold winter.Hungry, I took out a rock-hard bun from my bosom and took a bite, then stuffed a handful of snow into my mouth to moisten my throat... Ten months, more than 6,000 kilometers, more than 1,600 measuring points, and 250,000 data obtained indivual.The test team such as Tan Xueling relied on studying the "Red Army's 25,000-mile long march spirit" of the general minister, and finally completed the conclusion that the soil heat transfer coefficient in Daqing area is 3, thus solving a key problem in the "Sartu process". technical design parameters. The technical name of "Sartu process" is called "single-tube closed normal temperature conveying process". In 1965, this technology won the National Invention Award, and in 1985, it was awarded the First Prize of Invention by the State Science and Technology Commission.However, Comrade Tan Xueling, an important contributor to this process, failed to see such a national honor. He was ill from overwork and died prematurely due to terminal illness.Before he died, Tan Xueling was still on his sickbed, calculating over and over again more than 160 formulas for oilfield pipeline gathering and metering, deriving and demonstrating them, leaving the last effort to the oilfield and future generations. Today's people can't understand many things of yesterday's entrepreneurs. The development of science and technology makes it even more difficult for contemporary people to understand how the ancestors created beauty for today's modern life in a rustic and stupid way.Take oil pipelines for example. Today, an oil pipeline can be laid from thousands or tens of thousands of miles to our doorsteps and cities, and there are no overlapping and network-like pipelines along the way—— Because they are all underground, and at the same time, there are no scorching and frightening furnaces in sight-because the fully automatic heating setting does not use a furnace at all.But no matter how advanced and modernized today, it is still the result of the accumulation of yesterday's ancestors using the most rustic and stupid methods.The general once said so emotionally: Our Chinese oil industry relies on proceeding from the reality of the country, taking Mao Zedong Thought as the guideline, taking our own path, daring to emancipate the mind, breaking superstition, and integrating the revolutionary spirit with scientific knowledge. Only through the combination of practice can we achieve our goals. Revolutionary spirit and scientific practice are the two sharp weapons that Yu Qiuli used to command the Daqing Battle and realize China's road to rich oil and a rich country. The war caused the general to lose one hand, but the general often had a simple and heroic sentence in his fighting life - "Take..." The general "won" many things in his life, "won" the great events of the country and the country, and "won" the ordinary things of the common people who had food for their comrades.He has been "taking" this and "taking" that for others, society, and the country all his life, but he did not "take" anything for himself, unlike some people who "take" for their own interests most of the time or at critical moments. Take it down." What's the matter. The general's "taking down" is a kind of courage, a kind of mind, a kind of ambition, and it is the kind of heroism and revolutionary spirit that only belong to thorough proletarian revolutionaries. In Daqing, what the general wants to "take" is a world-class oil field! Listening to the word "take down" seems so easy, as if you can get it at your fingertips!But young friends, do you know how the general and his thousands of horses were "taken down"? Let me tell you: Even if they set a well location at that time, they had to run and break their legs to drive piles with a small hammer. Let me tell you: At that time, even if they placed a piece of rock core, they had to kneel on the ground to arrange it in rows. Let me tell you: At that time, they had to measure the temperature on the car against the wind and rain even to transport out a car of oil. Let me tell you: at that time, even if they were sweating, they had to wash and dry every tool on the well platform... Workers do this, cadres do it, and generals do it too. However, they just "won" China's first world-class large oil field that is still supporting the lifeline of the country's economy today! This is why the general spent more than ten hours giving a report at the 1964 meeting of thousands of people in the capital, and people still listened with gusto and enthusiasm!And I beg you to speak for another three days and three nights. Can such a thing still exist now? It seems not, barring a miracle. But you don't know, how easy was it for the general to "take down" the big oil field? The suffering of desolation can be endured, the storm attack can be overcome, the suffering of hunger can be treated with the bark of wild vegetables, and the severe cold and snow can be ignored. It has become the joy and convenience of ordinary people's daily life, and it has become the hearty laughter of the leader and the counterweight against world hegemony. The general's "taking down" is so complicated and difficult. "Experimental field? An experimental field on a large oil field?" Someone heard that the general and Kang Shien had discussed and decided to build an oil field development test field with an area of ​​more than 30 square kilometers in the Sartu oil-rich land. That's right.A group of Mao Zedong-style "old peasants" who relied on Mao Zedong's style of fighting back then completed the red revolutionary road of Chinese-style Marxism.Now in peaceful construction, the "old peasant" road still works - China is a country with a majority of peasants, and anyone who does not follow the "peasant" road will commit opportunism.Of course, the road of Chinese "peasants" must be armed with Marxist theory, so that the road can be bright and open. A farmer is a farmer, and a farmer first sets up a test field to grow grain, so that a large area of ​​grain field can be guaranteed a bumper harvest and avoid detours. This is in line with Marxist thought.The general said unconvinced. Scientific experiment, this experiment is the meaning of the experimental field!Kang Shien fully agrees with the general's "experimental field" idea. This is not nonsense!There is no such precedent in the history of oilfield development in the world! Another Mao Zedong-style Chinese Bolshevik!The exploration of the oil field is still in progress, they want to cut a piece of test area in a hurry, it is absolutely nonsense!When the Soviet experts heard about it, they were furious: You are doing this, just like digging a hole in the middle of a piece of material that could have been used to make a beautiful suit to make trousers! What kind of pants and suits, if you want to taste the taste of pears, can you know what it tastes like if you don't taste it yourself?The general is familiar with and proficient in the principles of Mao Zedong's "Two Theories". If you have a suit to wear, you can also have pants, wouldn't it be better!Kang Shien is more humorous. That's it!The general slapped his big hand on the table, he was the one who made all the battle decisions.When the report was sent to the central government, Comrade Deng Xiaoping thought it was very good, and said that the Chinese Communist Party was able to grow from small to large, from weak to strong, and finally win the revolution by crossing the river by feeling the stones. The general also has an important idea of ​​"leaving room" in formulating oilfield development, which is more far-sighted and strategic.As early as the early stage of the construction of Daqing Oilfield, he drew up four lines of defense for the energy base of the Republic: one is to keep the distance between wells so that there is room for filling wells in the future; the other is to maintain a reasonable pressure difference , oil-gas ratio and flow pressure to protect the energy of the reservoir; the third is to reserve reserves in the area, when drilling wells in the entire oilfield development zone, 30% of the area should be set aside as the national backup oil source; the fourth is to control the production of single wells together, The average daily output of a single well is about 15 tons.Perhaps laymen or people who are not engaged in national energy construction do not know the real meaning of the "four lines of defense", but those who know a little bit about the Daqing Oilfield or China's energy industry will feel awe of the four lines of defense set by the general himself. Respect.Because Daqing has a glorious history of reaching an annual output of 50 million tons for more than 20 years and has always played a pillar role in the construction of the Republic. It is precisely because of the four strategic defense lines of the generals that "leave room" that life is evergreen. , Up to now, it is still continuously delivering fresh blood to the motherland's modernization body. 将军仅这一个功劳，就足可以在新中国发展史上留下一笔重墨。举一例：在“文革”中，当全国性的停工停产风席卷各行各业，国家机器陷入无法再继续支撑的紧急关头，身为总理的周恩来苦丧着脸问时任计委主任的余秋里：能不能想法多弄点油出来替代煤等急需物时，将军立即电告石油部“紧急开发喇嘛甸子油田”——这喇嘛甸子油田是大庆三大油田中最富的一处，就是当年将军铁板定下的“要开发此'大仓库'，必须党组全体成员一致举手”而为国家留下的一处“救命血库”。 全国人民应当为此感激余秋里。 “开发大油田我们没有经验，我们有可能犯错误，但假如犯错误也要犯可以改正的错误，决不犯不能改正的错误。”将军的话有许多属于经典，这话则是可以上升为哲学范畴内的经典语。 开发油田的战略思想确定后，又一个具体问题摆在大家面前：采油需要压力，不同的油层相伴在不同的地下水层，因而没有注水就不能使原油按照人的意愿将其取之有道和取之不尽。 石油虽好，但石油藏在千米之下的岩层里太让人捉摸不透。多少教训、多少汗水、又有多少眼泪让石油人痛苦和迷惘过。将军也不是常胜的，川中之痛总在将军的心头流血——世界石油史上从来就没有常胜将军。我们的将军就是因为懂得了吸取教训和掌握了唯物辩证法，所以才在小败后获得了大胜和之后数十年的长胜。 康世恩和技术人员说，试验区里还必须进行分层注水、分层配产试验；强化注水、强化排液、迅速拉成水线试验；合注分采试验；合注合采试验；分注分采试验，不同渗透层同时注水、观察水推进速度试验；不注水依靠天然驱动能力采油试验；强化注水提高油层压力试验；注二气氧化碳及其他活性剂提高采收率试验；大井距面积注水、强化采油试验等十大试验。 “既然关系到油田的今天和未来，别说十大试验，就是百大试验也一个个给我按质论数试验好！谁要马虎，谁就是对人民、对子孙的犯罪。”将军支持康世恩全力抓好注水战役。 紧张时刻，苏联专家听说后想要看看，会战一线的领导问将军如何处理此事？将军回答明朗：“外国同志要来，要热情接待，一要尊重，二要虚心，三要请人家帮助。”这不，“老大哥们”看过试验区的一项项工作后，赞叹不已：“你们的开发实验，在中国历史上是一个榜样，在世界上也是没有见到过的。是好样的。” 将军笑了：证明自己走的路对头。 但康世恩仍然眉头皱得重重的：咱们的油田有两个致命弱点，一是油层天然驱动能力小，保持油层压力必须依靠人工注水。二是粘度高，增加了注水驱油的难度。 将军：啥子意思嘞？ 康世恩：从理论上讲，原油的粘度如果是和水的粘度相近，注水就比较容易。可现在我们的油田原油粘度是水的粘度的10倍，再加上眼下油层刚刚打开，压力还没有怎么释放，油层的回压很大，给注水增添了重重困难。 将军的眉头也皱了：就是说注水注不下去？ 康世恩点点头。 将军的拳头在桌子上不轻不重地“咚咚咚”连敲了好几下：不能注水，再好的开发方案等于零嘛！得下死决心，一定要突破注水关！就是用双脚顶、身子压，也得给我把水注下去！ 张文彬！焦力人！你们俩一个抓水源，一个抓注水试验，给我全力以赴！将军命令两位得力干将。 是，坚决完成任务！张文彬和焦力人领了任务转身就去试验现场。 但注水仍然碰上钉子：由于当时没有专门的注水泵，试验人员们用的是钻井队打井用的泥浆泵，结果泥浆泵压力打到150个大气压时，水仍然进不了地下。后来他们又换成水泥车注水，大气压至200，那注下的水顺着钻孔“哗啦华啦”地不往下走、却往外溢…… 康世恩火速赶到现场询问技术负责刘文章：你的“文章”是怎么做的？ 刘文章说：就是用苏联和玉门的方法。 康世恩知道刘文章在苏联学过专业注水，又问：洗井用了多少水？ 200方。 怎么知道井底洗干净了？ 返上来清水了。 康世恩眼珠子瞪圆了：为什么用200方水洗井，而不是用2000方呢？ 刘文章有些愣了，嘟囔道：玉门洗井只用了几十方水。 康世恩声音提高了：情况变化了，你怎么还死搬教条？再问：洗井用的冷水还是热水？ cold water.苏联和玉门油田都是用的冷水。刘文章回答。 康世恩真火了：好，明天你洗脸不要用脸盆，用酒杯装点冷水，看你洗得干净洗不干净！ 刘文章无话可说，可怜巴巴地看着总指挥，心想：你是大专家，你说怎么做嘛！ 康世恩思忖片刻：用热水彻底洗井，再用高压强制注水。 行，那我们就这么干！刘文章瓮声瓮气地应道，心里不是太服气。 回答响亮点！康世恩突然学着将军的架式，高声命令道。 是，用热水彻底洗井！刘文章等人挺直胸膛。 康世恩笑了，背起双手，回到余秋里身边。 “这是一场艰苦的地下攻坚战。告诉同志们要有思想准备：试验不可能一次成功，也许要十次八次。”将军说。 康世恩点头：我准备叫人把毛主席关于认识论方面的论述抄成大字报，给他们送去，挂在试验现场，让他们对照着破一破脑子里那个注水开发上的不可知论！ 将军会心一笑，心想：你老伙计越来越可爱了！ 再说刘文章他们，被总指挥一顿批评后没有气馁，立即重新投入紧张战斗。他们在老乡的几栋土房内挑灯夜战，再设方案。“要再注不下水，干脆跳进水泡子里淹死算了。”几个人发誓说。 时至十月，松辽大地已进入严寒季节，可注水试验现场热气腾腾。当月15日，油田注水试验的决战开始。康世恩亲临现场督阵。 只见现场4台锅炉、3部高压蒸气车和3部高压水泥车同时启动，那震耳欲聋的轰鸣响彻旷野。康世恩一声：“注水开始——！”所有机泵齐步加大油门。倾刻间，大地在颤动，压力表上的指针窜着上升…… 无数眼睛紧盯着注水管。那高压下的水龙奔腾不息地向地心深处涌进……一小时、两小时，十小时、二十小时；一天、两天……时间那么漫长，那么拖扯着会战上下的全线几万大军。 “怎么样？注进去了没有啊？”北京，将军在电话中一次次询问。 第三天，康世恩用有些颤抖的声音，报告道：“余部长，我们、我们成功啦！注水成功啦！” “好！好嘞！”将军的手也在抖动。随即他挺直身子，拉开嗓门：“转告同志们：我向他们表示祝贺！” 这些日子，要祝贺的事多得很嘞！ 第一个炼油厂建成了。 催开原油加工生产的“五朵金花”盛开了。 1963年底，大庆年产实现439万吨，占全国总产量的67.8%。 ... There was applause.这是第几次响起了？将军已经记不清楚，他看到毛泽东在向他满意地点头微笑。他也看到了周恩来向他频频招手致意。他还看到叼着烟斗的贺龙元帅在向他挤眼……但他看到更多的是数不清的那一张张因激动而欣喜若狂的笑脸——将军此刻正走向全国人民代表大会，走向那个庄严的人民大会堂的主席台。 “各位代表： “现在我把大庆石油会战的情况向大家作个汇报…… “1960年以来，我们遵循毛主席关于集中优势兵力打歼灭战的原则，从全国三十多个石油厂矿、院校，抽调几万名职工，调集几万器材设备，在大庆这个地区，展开了石油会战。目的是高速度、高水平地拿到大油田，开发大油田。大庆石油会战，已经进行3年多了。这一仗，确实打得很艰苦。那时候，几万人一下拥到一个大草原上，各方面遇到的困难，确实很多。上面青天一顶，下面草原一片……不说别的，就是几万人在草原上能否站住脚，也是个大问题。在这种情况下，到底是打上去，还是退下来，到底是坚持下去，硬啃下去，还是被困难吓住，躺下来？大庆油田的同志们，硬是鼓足干劲，苦干、硬干，团结一致，千方百计打上去。 “经过3年多的艰苦奋斗，到底我们做了一些什么事情，取得了一些什么成果呢？第一，拿下了一个大油田。这个油田是目前世界上特大之一。现在已经探明的储量，大体上可以适应我国石油工业近期发展的需要……第二，建成了年产原油几百万吨的生产规模和大型炼油厂第一期工程，质量良好……第三，三年累计生产原油1000多万吨，油田生产管理水平不断提高……第四，进行了大量的科学研究工作，解决了世界油田开发上的几个重大技术难题……第五，经济效果好，国家投资已经全部收回，并开始为国家积累资金。1960年到1963年，4年共用国家投资7.1亿元；上缴利润9.44亿元，折旧1.16亿元，合计10.6亿元，投资回收率达到149％。除全部投资回收外，还为国家积累了资金3.5亿元。所以我们建设大庆油田，真正做到了又多、又快、又好、又省……” “好！”主席台上，一个湖南口音，突然叫了一声，随即全场叫好，接着是暴风雨般的掌声。 将军情绪受到极大鼓舞，干脆将手中的稿子往旁边一放，对着麦克风运足力气：“我要说，更重要的第一条是：通过大会战，我们锻炼和培养出了一支有阶级觉悟，有技术素养，干劲大、作风好、纪律强，能吃苦耐劳、能打硬仗的队伍！带着这支队伍，我敢再打上甘岭战役！”将军的右胳膊突然在空中用力一挥，那气壮山河的声音在人民大会堂久久回荡…… 暴风雨的掌声再次响起。有人竟然站着欢呼。 “同志们……由于大庆油田的发现和建成，我国经济建设、国防建设和人民需用的石油，过去大部分依靠进口，现在不管是在数量上或者在品种上，都已经基本自给了！”“中国人民使用洋油的时期，即将一去不复返了——”这是几天后，人民共和国总理在将军站着的同一个地方向全世界庄严宣告道。 "long live Chairman Mao!" "Long live the Communist Party of China!" "Long live the People's Republic of China!" "..." 人民大会堂沸腾了！几千双手在拼命鼓掌。cheer.激动。难以言表的都想表达出来，直至极致。而这个场合上，惟有将军没有鼓掌——因为他只有一只手。但将军的神情则停在主席台中央的那枚闪闪发光的国徽上。他鼓足所有力气，在心里高喊了一声：谢谢人民，谢谢党！ ...