Chapter 3 Chapter 2 The Great Separation of Mine

One of the major characteristics of the country produced on feudal soil is separatism.The Chinese nation endured the pain of separatism for too long and too deeply. After the founding of New China, the Chinese Communist Party has effectively controlled and prevented the revival of feudal separatism in the land of China.However, the long-standing root disease of the Chinese nation cannot be eradicated overnight.When there is a little bit of humid climate, the desire to possess others hidden in the nation's body will rapidly expand and form an unstoppable monster. In my opinion, the multi-ethnic mentality revealed in the nationwide robbing of mines and stealing treasures is not just the flood of egalitarian thoughts, but the revival of the deep-rooted feudal separatist subconsciousness in people's hearts.

Without the separatist consciousness of "I am the king alone", it is impossible for the wind of robbing mines and stealing treasures to reach a level of madness of "lawlessness".The conclusion will be clear when we look at the shocking events that took place in many mines. In the land of southern Hunan, there is a treasure mountain - Hunan Xianghualing Tin Mine, which was once famous all over the world for its rich tin mine, high output and excellent quality. —Its tin products are sold well both at home and abroad, and have obtained the reputation of being exempted from inspection, which is one of the few similar minerals;

—Its tin ore specimens are displayed in many national and regional museums. ——The Xianghualing stone produced by it is unique in the world and can be called "Oriental Treasure". From the day when the industrial machinery in New China was in normal operation, the Xianghualing Tin Mine has been ranked among the few large state-owned mines in the country with its rich mineral resources.Although it is local, it is directly under the leadership of the central and provincial party committees.Although it only covers an area of ​​a few hectares, it is an impregnable independent kingdom. The high walls and iron nets around it symbolize the inviolability of the socialist treasury.From the 1950s to the 1970s, an ordinary miner here could sit on an equal footing with the secretary of the commune, and a mine manager was far more imposing than the county magistrate.At that time, the peasant brothers near the mine would feel shocked and excited for three days even if they were forced to stay in the mine for a while by the "big brother".

In the era when ownership by the whole people ruled the world, those who ate the imperial food were superior.However, in the 1980s, this situation changed.The opportunity for this change is the farmers' new understanding of land ownership.Land contracting, production contracting to households, the day when people have longed for the autonomy of land use for thousands of years has finally arrived.They clapped their hands in support of the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. "Hey, I heard that a stone on Xianghualing can be exchanged for a hen's money. How about we dig a few baskets?" A certain said.

"What, you want to dig the foot of the socialist wall? Be careful that the high wall will crush your back!" Li replied with wide-eyed eyes to his partner who grew up with him. "Come on, why is the wall not the wall? My grandfather's grandfather grew up on this land. Why should these people who eat official food occupy our Baoshan?" Although Liu is a few years older than Li, but because of his poor family , He dropped out of school before finishing the third grade of elementary school, and now he is already a target for literacy.He looked at the people of his age in the high walls and iron nets, all of whom were well dressed and well fed, and he hated it from the bottom of his heart.Liu pointed to the barren hillsides that belonged to the mining area but had never been managed by anyone, and said, "Anyway, the deserted hillsides are deserted. Let's go, let's see if we can dig those precious bumps!"

Li was pulled and dragged by him to a wasteland on the edge of the mine.The two of them hid in the grass, picked up the shovel in fear, and dug out a few stone bumps like ants gnawing bones for a long time.Afraid of being seen by the people in the mine, they waited until the sun went down before putting the stones into baskets and quietly descending the mountain. "Get up! Get up!" The next day, before Li, who was used to sleeping late, woke up from the bed, Liu came to his home, and took out three "Great Unity" cards from his pocket and shook them in front of Li. Then he said secretly: "Tell you, early this morning, I carried the few stones that I carried back from the mountain yesterday to the mineral purchase station in the mine, and sold them for this price!"

"A few stone lumps sold so much!" Li was somewhat skeptical.The next day, he also carried a few stones that he threw at the corner to the city to sell, and it was true.The person at the purchasing station asked him specifically: "Where did you get such a good tin concentrate?" Li naturally did not disclose this secret.He drank a few years more ink than Liu, and knew a little bit about the philosophy of life.Now that it has been proved that the stone on the mountain can be turned into money, and when it turned into big money, his "orthodox" heart began to tremble.This night, he couldn't spit at all.

Early the next morning, before Liu woke up, Li couldn't wait to go to Liu's house and urged him to go up the mountain to "dig stones".How can the news of the folks in the village be covered?The story of Liu and Li going to the mountain to quarry to make a fortune was widely spread, and within a few days, all the people around Xianghualing knew about it.It was also during the slack season here, so hundreds of people came to the fringes of the Xianghualing Mine to mine and quarry.At that time, farmers used the most primitive tools, and many people came to join in the fun.It wasn't until a few days later that the stones dug up by everyone were exchanged for tickets that could buy fish and new clothes for their wives and children, and they were really tempted.

"Let them dig, isn't it just a little bit of scattered ore in the corner!" When someone reported the situation to the leader of Xikuangshan at that time, the mine manager was quite disapproving.I thought to myself: Farmers, they just want to take advantage of it, but it won't make a big difference!At that time, not only dignified area-level mine managers, but also ordinary miners dismissed it.After get off work, an engineer saw a few sweaty farmers who hadn't even mined half a piece of ore, lying down in the grass and smoking a cigarette. Running all over the slope like cow dung, you have to learn how to drill holes like a mouse!"

Yes, mice dig holes!Even the lowest intellect becomes a hundred times wiser when awakened.As a result, an unprecedented "digging" battle began around the tin mine. There is no iron net in the depths of the crypt, there are no landmarks, and there are tin ore that are getting thicker and thicker. The folks have completely forgotten that the front is the sacrosanct state-run "kingdom".What they saw was the flying "Great Unity".Nothing can arouse the longing of the poor more than money.Those scattered ores in the corners are no longer what they can be satisfied with.They began to raise their legs, stepping into the barbed wire.They finally reached out to touch Big Brother's back...

In a certain village of Tonghe Township, 17 households went to the mountain to mine and became rich this year; In a village in Aoshang Township, 48 people went to the mountain to mine this year, and everyone became a household of 10,000 yuan, and the annual income of one person was as high as 50,000 yuan; Huangshaping Township organized 3 mining teams this year, generating an income of 500,000 yuan for the collective; 17 wealthy households in a village in Xianghua Township were hung with big red flowers by the township government; There are 48 households with ten thousand yuan in Huatang Town, and they are regarded as "models" and "models". Rewards, commendations, publicity... It's like lubricating the flywheel, "mining to get rich"-became a household name and everyone knows it.The spring sowing of the second year had just ended. Farmers in Linwu, Chenxian, Yizhang, Guiyang and other places threw away their hoes, replaced them with shovels, picked up their blankets, and flocked to the Xianghualing mining area like a tide, and it was even more fierce than the tide. and quickly. The "big brothers" workers on the tin mine who were still talking about how beautiful they look in bell-bottom pants and listening to Teresa Teng's songs began to feel that something was wrong. "Hey, why do you come to the mining area to mine?" "This is a state-run mine, and mining without authorization is illegal! Let's go!" The "Big Brothers" thought that a few words could coax the "farmer brothers" away.But in the face of the facts, they finally realized that their prestige was not as good as before. The "peasant brothers" ignored them at all, and continued to dig their own holes and dig their own mines. A copy of the "Reports Calling for Measures to Stop Farmers from Entering State-owned Mining Areas" was sent to the provincial government, the Ministry of Metallurgy, and the State Council.The superior quickly responded: It must be stopped, and offenders will be punished heavily. The Public Security Bureau and the police station drove nearly a thousand artisanal miners out of the state-run mining area like the autumn wind sweeping away fallen leaves.But the collective remains.In order to take care of the relationship, some interests must be left to the local government—Xinkuangshan made a concession for the first time. OK, let me in.Both state-run and collective are owned by the state, and our mining does not break the law.superior!Tiannan Commune in a certain county became the first "crab eater" on Xianghualing and the pioneer who dared to challenge the state-owned mine.In one night, they set up 10 mining teams and dug 10 tunnels, and all the mining teams were all "basic militia companies". Tin mines are tight.The mine manager at the commissioner level personally went down the mountain to invite the secretary and director of the commune, "Mixi Mixi". "Oh, my big mine manager, can we bumpkins chew your bones? Don't worry, don't worry!" Uniform in tone, friendly and unambiguous. The words were not speculative, and the mine manager shook his sleeves and left the table.Back at the office, I made a phone call to the Chenzhou Prefectural Party Committee and the Linwu County Party Committee. Tiannan Commune has suffered a lot.The agreement reached by the Regional Metallurgical Bureau, the Linwu County Party Committee and the Xianghualing Tin Mine was to allow them to withdraw from the mine and to guarantee that "no mining will be resumed below the 600-meter elevation in the future."Under high pressure, the commune was forced to sign the "Tiannan Commune Beishan Tunnel Handover Agreement" with the mine, causing heavy losses.The cadres of Tiannan Commune scolded Da Niang for this after returning home.No, they can't be so cheap.Why should they spend the country's money to eat fish and meat, while we guard the golden mountain and starve? In June 1980, Tiannan Commune held a meeting of three-level cadres to make a "secret decision" to return to Xianghualing! That night, a "Flying Tiger Squad" rushed up the mountain and opened the sealed hole.On the second day, the reserve army entered the mountain frequently and drilled an inclined shaft, which was about to cut through the No. 301 ground exploration shaft of Dakuang.The mine managers of Xikuangshan were shocked - once the ventilation in the patio was chaotic, it would cause unimaginable consequences, and they were forced to stop production immediately.The "big brother" who was threatened with his life finally picked up the iron rods and wooden sticks unbearably, and the "farmer brothers" had already prepared. With the sound of a gong, nearly a thousand uncles and sisters-in-laws holding hoes and sticks rushed to the top of the mountain... The two sides glared at each other, and it was on the verge of breaking out.Fortunately, the provincial and local working groups arrived at the scene in time to avoid a bloody fight. In July, the Chenzhou Administrative Office held an investigation symposium in the name of the administrative office, and sent a report to the provincial government calling for the resolution of the Xianghualing Mine Dispute with Administrative Office (1980) No. 121. On October 24, Governor Sun Guozhi presided over the meeting in person, attended by two vice governors Liu Fusheng and Cao Wenju, more than 20 heads of provincial party committees, departments, and bureaus, and commissioners from the Chenzhou Administrative Office, specializing in the study of tin mine issues.I don't know which department failed to implement it, but the number of community-run mines has increased from 10 to 33, and the number of mines has reached more than 2,000!Governor Sun Guozhi was furious after hearing this-it would be the same for anyone! On August 5, 1982, the provincial government held another office meeting of the governor, and decided that Vice Governor Zhou Zheng would take the lead to organize the provincial government office, provincial people's congress, economic commission, public security department, procuratorate, coal department, geological and mineral bureau, metallurgical The Bureau of Township Enterprises, Chenzhou Administrative Office, etc. formed a joint investigation team, which lasted for more than 40 days.Where have the farmers seen such a power?Obediently rolled up the bed and went down the mountain, the big brother of the worker in the tin mine cheered for a while. However, the good times didn't last long.Vice-governor Zhou Zheng and the others had left for a few months, and the "rich army" of farmers who had "hibernated" for a while re-entered their positions one after another, and started a larger-scale looting activity.They are very clear about two facts: one is that the governors cannot stay here for a long time, and the other is that since the higher authorities have begun to pay attention to it, it will be too late if they don't hurry up and dig.So the "returning the carbine" was ten times more intense than before.When those "little radish heads" (lower-level cadres) came to manage them again, they simply ignored them.When Zhou Ruping, the deputy magistrate of Chen County, went up to the mountain to publicize the provincial party committee's decision to prohibit random digging at the Xianghualing tin mine, he was beaten badly. "Whoever dares to talk again will end up the same!" The miner was very arrogant. So far, private mining and state-owned mines have entered a stalemate.Large numbers of collective and artisanal miners have blatantly occupied mining areas belonging to state mines.Although the two sides sometimes clash, the state-run mines still hold the upper hand. Since the second half of 1984, the situation has changed drastically. The 61 square kilometers of the three major mining areas in Xianghualing have been completely occupied by farmers from nearby.Most of the 19 townships and 5 agricultural and forestry farms in Linwu County have set up non-ferrous mines in the Xianghualing tin mining area, and there have been unprecedented county-run mines.This raised the level of the storm of grabbing mines in Xikuangshan all of a sudden, and a critical turning point took place. From 1984 to 1985, the Xianghualing mining area, one of the Xianghualing mines, had more than 3,000 civilian mining personnel, and more than 30 tunnels were occupied by village, township, and county-run mines in the parts of the mine above 480 meters above sea level; At the position below the mine elevation of 385 meters, it is also blocked by small mines in towns such as Maishi, and the state-owned large mines are controlled between 385 and 480 meters above sea level, forming a roof with a small mine on top, a large mine in the middle, and mining at the bottom. There is also a three-dimensional mining situation in which small mines are bottomed out.In the Luobuchong section of the rich mining area, there are more than 600 holes in less than 1 square kilometer, and thousands of farmers crowded there to compete for ore. "Grandma, we don't eat dry food either! Let's go, let's reason!" The young men among the state-run miners couldn't swallow their fuss, so they ran to the farmer's mine to argue for three points.However, before they could open their mouths, the other party had already drawn their swords and beat several young workers with a "wow". crippled.As a result, more than 6,000 employees of the state-owned mine were filled with righteous indignation and went on strike collectively in protest. Peasant mining teams from several townships and counties saw that the situation was not good, and quickly withdrew from the mountain.However, the state-run mine did not take advantage of it this time. They found that a mine under construction lost about 130,000 yuan, and what was even worse was that the water sources for the domestic use of more than 6,000 people and the production water of the entire mine were blocked by the surrounding mines. Farmers cut it off, and the whole mine had to stop production for 4 days, and 4 fire trucks had to be used to transport water dozens of miles away every day to feed thousands of people. The state-run mine has really tasted the taste of "can't afford to offend"! Helpless, they made the most painful concession against their will: they assigned Nanjiling, Yiziling, Tieshaping, and the north of Ganxi Bridge to small mines run by counties and townships.So far, it has drawn a total area of ​​38 square kilometers, which is equal to 1.7 times the mine's own production area!The most distressing thing is that the only gemstone in the world - the fragrant flower stone discovered by Meng Xianmin of the Institute of Mineral Raw Materials of the Ministry of Geology in 1957 - the origin of Yuziling has also been riddled with holes.Fragrant flower stones are only stored in tens of square meters.In the early 1960s, the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, the Ministry of Metallurgy, the Ministry of Public Security and the Hunan Provincial Government had already clearly stipulated that this place was listed as the first-level national protection scope. "The old nest of the entire state-run mine was dug up by them, and it doesn't matter whether it is a national treasure or not!" the workers said. Should be satisfied!But listen to what the farmers said: "The mine is ours, so why should they let us?" Do you think your weakness and concessions can be exchanged for their sympathy or tolerance?Do you think your sincerity and reluctance to part with each other can win their gratitude and respect?That would be naive.Farmer brothers have plausible arguments: the land belongs to us!Of course the mine also belongs to us! ——Who says they have no culture and don't understand theory?When they once think they are right, everything will be stubborn, indisputable, unequivocal.What's more, the road ahead of them is very clear: Occupying mines is equal to getting rich, having a wife and a full house of children and grandchildren, equaling a bumper crop and a small bungalow.And losing the mine is tantamount to returning to the impoverished world where the face is on the ground and the back is on the sky, and you can't earn a few dollars of hard-earned money a year. Only fools are willing to live a hard life! The "impregnable" Xianghualing Mine has really begun to disintegrate!The myth of the sacrosanct state-owned mines is shattered! Since the end of 1984, the Xianghualing tin mine has completely lost its independent form of state-run production.Farmers' mining teams are no longer a single township or county mine. Most of them are contracted by wealthy and powerful "mine owners".Some of these "mine owners" are the original brigade party secretary, village head, or a character who has a direct relationship with a certain head of the district or county.Although these people are not even cadres at the 24th level of administration, a dignified mine manager of Xikuangshan can only call them "reporting and reporting" when speaking in front of them.Do you think you are a 15-level cadre?He only needs to call a dozen people to disturb you until it's too late to call your mother. Let's talk about water first.The water used in the tin mine must pass through the land of farmers.If you are a little rude to me today, look, I will let you go around tomorrow.In the hot weather, I will cut off your water for 3 days to see if your neck is still hard?Tens of thousands of workers and family members in Xianghualing live on the lonely mountain. Let alone a few days without water, it is just a cooking time. If there is no water, do you worry?Every family of workers living in the Xianghualing mining area has a large water tank to cope with the "water shortage".There used to be a swimming pool in the mining area.Boys and girls regard it as the only place to go in the mine in summer.However, now the water is cut off.A few daring "crazy girls" walked out of the fence and iron gate in swimsuits, and ran to the creek at the bottom of the mountain to intermediary water.So happy!Snow-white thighs, plump breasts, "giggle" laughter... Thousands of men digging up and down the mountain couldn't help but gather their gazes towards Xiaoxihe.Some people simply took off their clothes and pants, and jumped naked into the creek.The girls were so scared that they almost couldn't even go back to the dormitory! Let's talk about electricity.The power source used in the mine is a high-voltage line that passes through a power plant hundreds of miles away, and there is almost no place in the operation points and production lines of each mining area that can be separated from electricity.When workers go down the tunnel, they need lighting, ventilation facilities, and motorized transportation lines. Sometimes a power outage of one minute may cause a terrifying casualty accident.On this day, a team of miners dug the pit to the main level hole of the state-run tunnel in the Tangguanpu work area.Seeing that the situation was not good, the workers immediately organized forces to forcibly block the mining tunnels.Now this angered the "Taishanghuang".A few farmers brought a pack of explosives without saying hello. There was a loud bang, and the state owner Pinglong suddenly turned into a collapsed chicken coop.Fortunately, the workers got off work early that day and were not under the tunnel, but they did not escape the bad luck. People found two workers on duty lying next to the wires like black charcoal—the farmers blew up a 6, 000 volt high voltage line... "What can't be done? As long as you don't let me mine, I will let you have no peace!" The struggle philosophy of the miners is very clear and clear. One day, several miners took a fancy to a rich ore spot in the state-run tunnel.They began to send people to send 1,000 yuan to the workers under the tunnel, so that they could blatantly enter the tunnel to dig tin concentrate.The workers did not want to do anything against their conscience, so they not only returned the money, but also sent people to guard the entrance of the pit day and night.The miners saw that the other party would not take soft measures, so they made up their minds to use strong attacks to seize the tunnel.The next day, when they saw that the workers had all gone down the pit, they brought a large bundle of dry firewood, poured medicine, pepper, diesel oil, etc. on the firewood, struck the matches, and smoked the workers working underground with poisonous smoke.While pulling the bellows vigorously at the mouth of the well, they imitated the tone of the enemy officer in the "tunnel warfare" and shouted into the cave: "Come out quickly! If you don't come out, you will all die inside! Hahaha..." The workers They were forced to withdraw from the underground, and as soon as they withdrew, these miners "hula" occupied the tunnel.This is not the case when you want to turn around and find fault with them. In the first month of 1987, worker Xia Deqing had some quarrels with several miners during the day because he couldn't bear this barbaric behavior.In the evening, he went to watch a movie at the cinema in the work area. When he reached the gate, several big men suddenly came out from the darkness, punched, kicked, and stabbed Xia Deqing with sticks and knives.Xia Deqing didn't even have time to snort, and fell into a pool of blood... Now it's over, who dares to make irresponsible remarks after seeing Caimin's illegal behavior! "They are paid to eat the royal rations. If you show some color, they will leave you alone!" A "mine owner" who has occupied 6 state-run tunnels said to me proudly.He spoke well.The mentality of some workers is: Can you manage it?The mines belong to the state anyway, if they like to steal or steal, let them go!I just need a lot of salary and bonus a month. In the face of these insatiable robbing of mines and treasures, unless you have thousands of troops in your hands, don't even try to speak up.Chen Ziqiang, a ministerial-level model worker and former manager of the Xianghualing Mine, used to hold meetings in the provinces and ministries, and never lowered his voice when speaking in front of so many big leaders.But in the face of the frenzied mining crowd, Mine Manager Chen had no choice but to hire bodyguards to protect him.Whenever he entertained guests at home, he always asked the police officers in the mine to check around the house several times carefully, and he almost didn't use the mine detector.This may sound like a joke, but it is very common in Xianghualing.One of the means that the miners use to retaliate against the mine workers and cadres is to quietly put a pack of explosives where you live, and then blow up your flesh and blood like blowing up a bunker. Chen Ziqiang, the mine manager, has been transferred to the Changsha Municipal Government.He said that if we don't leave Xianghualing, the lives of my family and I will be blown up on the barren mountains... Talk about cruelty, talk about barbarism, the miners sit on the stone in the hole, and while holding stacks of banknotes, they will say this to you very seriously: "This is called mountain guerrilla warfare! Hahaha! Hundred battles And Yum!" I really feel the chills. The Xianghualing Mine has become one of the most famous mines in the country for indiscriminate mining.None of the leading comrades and ministers of the State Council are unaware of what happened here, and almost all of them have issued "instructions" again and again.As for the "Governor's Office Conference" held by the Hunan Provincial Government for Xianghualing, in the ten years from 1985 to the present, there have been no more than once or twice a year on average.The Chenzhou administrative office has been cruel not only several times, but has revoked the leadership positions of two counties in Chenxian County and Linwu County.But things never got better here.Instead, things went from bad to worse.Here are a few scenes we ingested at the Xianghualing Mine—— Heyechong work area: a narrow area less than 4 meters wide and about 300 meters long, where more than 2,000 miners gather like a honeycomb, with 13 openings, 203 construction sheds, and installation of ore crushing equipment 113 units and 346 sand washing tanks were built.Miners are pretty much head to head and ass to ass.This ditch alone has lost more than 300,000 tons of tin ore since 1984.Now they have "digged three feet" for the third time. Xianghuapu work area: This is the fist of the whole mine to generate income.But now the fist has been cut open, no less than 3,000 miners occupy this precious land every day, and even 20 meters away from the main hoisting shaft of the mine, there is a signboard of "XXX Mine" erected here , Digging wells and digging mines justifiably.On the other hand, five or six "guerrillas" guarded the transportation line of the state-run tunnel day and night. Once they saw a locomotive carrying ore passing by, they would rush forward and steal all the ore on the locomotive.This saves trouble, so although the employees have repeatedly taken measures, they have had little effect.To do this, they had to start and stop working... Anyuan work area: the hardest-hit area of ​​the whole mine. Within two days between May 22 and 24, 1987, 20 miners died due to water leakage in a large area of ​​the mine caused by digging through the roof of the hole.In the death list, there are all men, women and children, and the youngest is a 15-year-old girl.So far, the work area has never had a chance to regain its glory.In the year of the accident, it only took 6 months to drain water and clean up the hole, and the economic loss was about 500,000 yuan, which means that during this period, ore worth 500,000 yuan was robbed and stolen. Not long ago, the Office of the State-owned Mine Director stated in a report to the China Nonferrous Metals Corporation: more than half of the energy of the leaders of our enterprises is devoted to dealing with indiscriminate and indiscriminate mining.Employees complain, superiors complain, but we can't figure it out!I can't figure out why the state-run mine has become like this?I can't figure out why there are so many people doing evil in the world of the Communist Party?I can't figure out why the laws of the country don't work here? "Xianghualing has become like this, we feel distressed! Think of a way, can there be a 'Monkey King' to save it!" On the black and white words, there were tears. In the metal family, there is a "black-skinned boy" who doesn't look very beautiful, but is very popular with humans. In the middle of the 19th century, when someone invented the electric light, this "dark-skinned young man" suddenly became popular and became an indispensable partner for people to obtain light.Entering the 20th century, especially in World War I, World War II, and today after World War II, it has become the "baby lump" second only to gold, and is used to make guns, firearms, and armor-piercing bullets.Satellite...it has a melting point of 3,410°C.The reason why the filament uses it is because it has a melting resistance three times higher than gold. Tungsten with the symbol W is very popular in the international market because of its high military and civilian value.China is a big country in the tungsten industry, and its annual tungsten output accounts for more than 2/3 of the world, and it plays a pivotal role in the international market.Since the 1950s, tungsten has been the leading product for my country's export earnings.Among all exported metal products, tungsten is far and away the leading one.It is said that the earliest tungsten mining in China began with a British businessman specializing in arms business.He went around Jiangxi, Guangdong, and Hunan in my country, and wrote a report to Queen Elizabeth when he returned, claiming that "if South Africa's gold is compared with China's tungsten, I will choose China's tungsten without hesitation. A tungsten delta the size of our Great Britain"! Ordinary Chinese people know that they have two rich grain-producing deltas - the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta, but they don't necessarily know that there is such a Tungsten Delta.But if you ask previous prime ministers, maybe they will tell you unequivocally: If the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta are two bright pearls, then the Tungsten Tribe Delta is a more attractive night pearl! The Tungsten Tribe Delta makes the Chinese proud and makes the heads of government speak harder on the international stage! China has always been in a monopoly position in the international tungsten industry market, which has made many businessmen in the western world envious!However, in the 1980s, this situation changed drastically. The price of tungsten sand fell again and again. In the 1970s, the price of tungsten sand per ton was above 70 US dollars. In 1983, it was reduced to 65 US dollars. According to the international market price announced on January 9, 2009, the price per ton of tungsten sand is only US$59.50.Due to the drop in tungsten prices, China loses more than 20 million foreign exchange earnings every year.There is no new discovery of tungsten mines on the earth that can be compared with China!In response to such a changing situation, the relevant departments of the Chinese government specially sent a delegation to investigate the international market of tungsten products.Because according to the forecast of the international market, the amount of tungsten ore planned to be produced in China is in an unsaturated state, and this is the period when the price is most stable and the best benefits can be obtained.But the current situation is not like this. The domestic planned tungsten output is decreasing year by year, while the international market price is declining at the same time.This abnormal state of affairs has puzzled even the most famous market forecasters. Chinese tungsten ore market research experts went to the international trading market with the most concentrated tungsten products with the determination to dig out a "monkey grandson".It was thought that there must be a representative of a country that had newly discovered a large tungsten mine hiding far away, but this was not the case.Seeing the arrival of the Chinese officials, Western businessmen flocked to surround them, and smiled and extended their thumbs: "Thank you, the Chinese are friends!" How is this going? Ok?Don't you understand? "Foreigners" were amazed: it is you who put a large amount of high-quality tungsten sand into the market, and the price has been repeatedly reduced, which has made us a big profit! Strange, China's national plan for tungsten sand export has not increased at all in recent years!The Chinese officials in the inspection team were puzzled.After a "digging three feet" investigation, it turned out that in addition to the country's legitimate exports, mainland tungsten sand exported through Hong Kong, Taiwan and other illegal channels has actually doubled into overseas markets in recent years. Earn cheap.It is none other than the Chinese themselves that caused China, a big tungsten industry country, to fall into trouble! Chinese officials are full of wimps!After returning to China, he wrote a report to the Ministry of Metallurgy and the central leadership. "Go to the field to check and find out, and try to put an end to such things!" The central leadership instructed. The investigation team originally planned to complete the trip in a week, but if they didn't think about it, they wouldn't be able to come back!The Beijing side thought that something had happened, and sent a telegram, and received a call back from the person in charge of the investigation team on the third day, with a line written on it: "The Tungsten Tribe Delta has fallen, and it is urgent! The investigation team requests an extension of the date." In fact, it's not that the higher-ups don't know anything about what happened in the "Tungsten Tribe Delta", but they just don't see it. At this point, it's time for us to reveal the secrets of China's Tungsten Delta. The Tungsten Delta refers to the area of ​​about 130,000 square kilometers at the junction of Hunan, Jiangxi, and Guangdong provinces.The mountains here are undulating and steep, and it has always been regarded as a "poor mountain and remote place" during the period of "learning from Dazhai in agriculture".Later, people gradually realized that this is a unique treasure land.One-fifth of the world's tungsten reserves are buried here.By 1985, there were 15 state-owned large-scale tungsten mines here, many of which were old mines with a history of 70 to 80 years, and there were also new mines built in the 1980s. This place was originally a peaceful world, nicknamed "Little Kunlun in the South", which means that few people care about this place.But from the day people knew "one stone for two hens", this "small Kunlun in the southern country" suddenly boiled.The local people described it like this: "In 1980, groups of people went to Guangzhou and Shenzhen, and in 1985, there was a lot of traffic to Yaogang Xianru City." Yaogangxian and Rucheng are two mines in the tungsten delta. Yaogangxian is located in southern Hunan. Although it takes less than seven or eight hours to get to Guangzhou, the Cantonese who were busy doing business with Hong Kong and Macau in the past few years seem to have completely forgotten about it.Maybe it was because the business was dead, but suddenly one day, a group of Hong Kong businessmen who were said to have just returned from Paris presented a bill to the "Cantonese" who specialize in smuggling here, and there was only one word on the bill: W! The smuggled "Cantonese" stared wide-eyed: "Why, you want Zorro!" "Zorro? Hahaha! Yes, Zorro! It is as popular as the well-known Zorro in the international hard goods market in Paris! You provide tons of power every month!" The Hong Kong businessman raised his big belly and held a tall brandy glass , made a cross in the air. "Guangdong boy" realized later: W is tungsten ore. "Where can I pick this thing?" They were familiar with the streets and alleys of Yangcheng, but they didn't know where W came from. "The immortals of Yaogang in Hunan! There are also inexhaustible resources in the mountains of Guangdong and Jiangxi!" Strange to say, many things in China are always known to outsiders. Several "Guangdong boys" took a trip to Yaogangxian and returned with a full load. The first shipment was 40 tons, equivalent to 500,000 yuan, but they only spent 130,000 yuan when they went to the mountains to purchase!With a slight change of hands, 370,000 yuan went to the pocket. "Guangdong Boy" was so jealous, he went home and picked up a mat, and came to Yaogang Fairy again. At this time, there were not many Caimin in Yaogang Fairy.But the surrounding farmers had keen eyesight. Seeing a few foreigners coming, they rented three private houses and set up camp the second time they made a move. They knew that the "stones" they got on the mountain were very lucrative!Several townships in the Yaogangxian area have sent people south.These people patted their thighs when they came back: "Fat! Fuck! Yaogangxian is going to make a big bang. It turns out that they not only learned that tungsten ore is a popular commodity in overseas markets, but also directly got in touch with several Hong Kong companies. Much higher than the "two-way dealers". The township cadres took out small electronic calculators from their pockets, and they didn't have to worry about it. The numbers on it told them all: If... then you can... Damn, it wasn't like that during the land reform. Come back! "Come on, this mountain is not their state-run mine!" The farmers' theories are almost the same, but sometimes with a touch of the times: "If there is no small family, there will be no family; if there is no Yaogang fairy, there will be no state-owned mine!" At the negotiating table, the person in charge of the state-owned mine took out the newly promulgated "Mineral Resources Law of the People's Republic of China" in 1986, and read it to the township and village cadres sentence by sentence. "Okay, okay, you don't need to scan the literacy class we took during the land reform." The chief representative of the peasants is the village chief, who participated in the revolution 15 years earlier than the mine manager.He bundled the hookah pipes on the table without saying a word: "No matter how many reasons, no matter how big the documents, I have seen and heard them all. Now there is only one sentence: Will you give up a piece of land to our township?" "Hehe. The old town chief has something to say, something to say. Let's talk while eating, please! Please!" The file was moved away, and what came up was roast piglet, roasted mandarin fish, sea cucumber, prawns, crispy rice... … "Don't be so busy! I'm full alone, what should I do with the 23,000 people in the township?" The village head pushed aside the dishes and wine glasses, and said in one sentence: "Be happy, okay or not?" Several leaders of the mine looked at each other, not knowing what to do.Give it, it's tantamount to putting your own neck on the rope of the law; don't give it, the temper of the old village head is not good.At that time, "agriculture learned from Dazhai", Yaogangxian wanted to build terraced fields, and the labor force in the village was not enough. The old village head took the "Chinese Communist Party Membership Card" issued in the 1940s to find the party secretary of the mine, and said: "All the party members in the world are For a common goal, to realize communism, so everyone should care for and help each other. At present, the township responds to Chairman Mao’s call and learns from Dazhai, but there is not enough labor, so we come here to move 300 generals from the expensive mine. Please support the mine.” "How can this work! Our mine's mission is still heavy, we have to keep the mission!" Going around, the secretary of the mine's party committee still said two words: "No!" Without saying a word, the fellow village chief turned around and called the Minister of Armed Forces of the commune, and issued an "order".That night, the state-run mine was pitch black, and all power sources were cut off. Support or not?No support, okay-wait for the candles!There is a squad of militia guarding all the fallen telephone poles.Reluctantly, the secretary of the mine party committee honestly took the workers down the mountain to help the old village head build terraced fields, but the number of people at this time was not 300, and it had to be doubled! In this response, taking the initiative is the best policy to learn from a pitfall, and put aside the laws and regulations for the time being. The state-run mine cut off an "ear" in pain.The taste is good, and the mining income of the whole township in the first year was used to rebuild a township government building, two middle school buildings, and build a bridge. Now that one ear has been bitten off, what is the use of keeping the other?Yaoling Township got another "ear" easily. After eating the "ears", the appetite increased greatly.It can't be like this for a long time, just have a good taste but not fat!Now the old township chief came to make a move first, and sent five basic mining teams to bite the "back meat" of the state-owned mine-this year's target is 800,000, the first-level salary of the township cadres, the repair of the two streets of the town where the township is located, A water station and a post office all depend on the money on the mountain!Thinking about this, can he loose this piece of meat? Helpless, the state-run mine begged the county and the city to come forward to make a rescue.The fellow village chief smiled secretly: Our township is a model township for counties and cities to get rich. I heard that it is reporting to the province now! Let it go, you won't be able to delay one year's production tasks if you lose a piece of land.We are different, if we don't generate income this year, we will be scolded by others next year! OK, thank you for letting me go!At the end of the year, a huge drum band composed of 300 people led by the fellow village chief came to the mine manager's office with extraordinary momentum. Like a family, let's celebrate my wealth and your prosperity.The mine manager's smile is uglier than crying. The Yaogangxian Tungsten Mine lost its exclusive status as a state-owned mine in the "peaceful and friendly evolution".In comparison, it is much less troublesome than Rucheng Tungsten Mine. Rucheng, this small county in the southeast corner of Hunan Province, probably not many people know about it except people from the province.However, in terms of mining people, it is famous. Although Rucheng is small, it has a long history of tungsten mining.As early as 1916, several Dutch and British hired dozens of local villagers to dig their shoulders by hand and started the mining era. In 1949, Wang Xuefeng and Zhang Chunben, military representatives from the Ministry of Heavy Industry of the Central Plains Provisional People's Government, took over the mine from the old government.At that time, the mining area stretched from Longhu Cave in the east, from Zoumaping in the west, to Shanmu Cave in the south, and up to Dabian Mountain in the north, covering a total area of ​​110 square kilometers.After liberation, the state expanded the mine and became one of the key tungsten mine bases in my country. It has paid more than 22.4 million yuan in profits and taxes to the state, and it is a hero for earning foreign exchange.However, this "old hero" has set up new meritorious service in recent years.According to observers, the "old hero" may no longer be able to make new contributions, and it is lucky that it can not "die"! Such a sad fate?It's true. The area of ​​the Rucheng Mine is not large, but there are many villages and towns and individual miners who illegally mine tungsten ore up the mountain.At present, there are many township tungsten mines holding "legal" mining licenses in the mining area, with nearly 3,000 miners. Although Yaogangxian's fellow village chief had the idea of ​​a state-run tungsten mine, he was "upright" and "ruled people with reason".The people from Rucheng were not the same, they took tough actions to make an inch of it as soon as they came up, snatching—exploding—snatching!These are their three sets of offense. When the miners entered the state-run mining area, they were very clever and found that their manual mining method was too primitive and backward.They are envious when they see the state-run mines being mined with big machines.That iron digger and drilling rig are so powerful, a light grab can yield one or two tons of ore!Why can't we use it if they can use it?In the middle of the night, a group of masked men sneaked into the state-run tunnel, and a pair of underpants "huh" covered the workers on duty at the mouth of the pit. defense zone.The next day, several masters were invited from the county agricultural machinery factory to install it, and the motor rang, and the work efficiency increased by 20 times!The villagers are happy to dance "disco" in the hole! This is a group of miners from the north, and the locals have taken up everything that should be occupied. You can't just watch others get rich and starve yourself!A few unlucky youngsters lay face down on the grass in a daze.Suddenly, a lot of black limestone was sprinkled on their faces and bodies by someone.Well, damn it, who is in the mood to joke with me!Looking up, it turned out that the cableway bucket of the mine passed over them. "Hey, there it is!" A clever man suddenly jumped up from the ground, patting his forehead and screaming.He told everyone about his idea, and the buddies hugged into a ball, rolling on the ground with joy.This night, the mine hoppers on the cableway did not stop running once, but few people entered the ore stockyard for loading. No one in the state-run mine noticed this situation.On the fourth day, the road inspectors reported to the mine security office that three dead bodies were found on the hill in the middle of the cableway. On-site verification showed that a mine hopper had fallen.The mine protection team immediately realized that there was a reason for the incident. In the middle of the night, they patrolled along the cableway and found that there were people on three hills who were using wooden and iron rods to turn over the ore bucket.The dead were their accomplices, but no one collected the bodies for them. "No time! Besides, people are dead, that's what happens!" On this point, they can be regarded as complete materialists.According to the mine security department, there are people who are crushed to death for stealing mines like this every year.The highest density is 13 people died in two months.So far, there are still 29 corpses dumped underground in the Rucheng tungsten mining area for stealing ore... Later, some people felt that doing it secretly might cost their lives, so they simply came to explain it.State-run mine workers refused to give up an inch of land in key parts and rich ore blocks, while miners vowed to "fight for every inch of land"! The mining area has long been illegally occupied, and there is only a thin "veil" separating the state-run tunnels from the civilian mines, and the miners are unwilling to let it stay at this time.The mountain people with a tradition of making gunpowder took homemade gunpowder as weapons and exploded all state-run facilities that hindered them from mining and robbing rich ore areas.The state-run mine invested millions or even tens of millions in tunnels, wellhead equipment, and precautionary measures built with great efforts, but was completely collapsed and paralyzed by a few packs of explosives from the miners.Take the Dapu pit mouth of this mine as an example. There are 11 middle sections in the pit, and the main transportation roadways in 7 middle sections were blown up or blocked. There are not many 232 mining areas left, with a loss of more than 350,000 tons of ore and 924 million tons of metal. Ton, equal to 8 million yuan. A worker who escaped death described the scene of miners savagely blowing up the pit mouth of the state-run mine: "...that day, we were mining underground, and a team of about thirty local farmers forcibly occupied our pit mouth. We who were working said: "Big brothers, you have been working here for several years, now it's our turn to do it!" Then we were forced out of the tunnel one by one. At this time, someone put A few packs of homemade explosives were loaded, and after being ignited, there was only a loud noise, and the partition wall between the tunnel they built and the tunnel we were working on was blown through. Before the smoke receded, about a hundred miners ran into our mining tunnel. When we saw tungsten mines, we started digging them. Some of our workers couldn’t bear it, so we said to them: “You only want to mine sand, but you’ve destroyed all our equipment, and it will take at least three months to resume production. This is too immoral. up! They kicked the damaged motors and ventilation equipment with their feet, and said with a nonchalant smile: "This is what we want, otherwise what would we pick if you took all the light?"As for the equipment, you should make a report to the higher authorities and install it when you have money. If you don’t have money, it’s better to stay at home.Anyway, the salary is paid. "On the way back, when we passed a quarry, a group of miners suddenly shouted: "The devil is coming!let go!Let it go-! "We haven't seen what's going on yet. We only heard a few loud noises, and rocks the size of raindrops poured on us without thinking. It turned out that these people thought we were here to stop their illegal mining. The mine guards used explosives to prevent us from getting close to them. Only after dark did these people stop putting explosives, and we had a way to pass. Today’s life was barely recovered, and we don’t know what will happen tomorrow...” The "explosives war" completely paralyzed the Rucheng State-owned Tungsten Mine. It not only caused the burial and destruction of a large number of pit safety facilities and underground machinery and equipment, requiring a lot of financial resources and time to clean up and repair, but also many of the work sections that were not directly destroyed by the bombing. , due to the bombing of other supporting workshops, a flash flood came down, causing damage to the entire mine, and accidents of well flooding and pit burial occurred repeatedly.The only thing the state-run mine can do is to keep saving itself.Because this kind of self-rescue and self-protection is always in a passive position, it does not work at all.Do you want to "take the initiative"?That's even worse.Once, the secretary of the party branch and the chief of the security section of a certain pit, held high the banner of "We are members of the Communist Party, and we have a heart to heart with the people", and went to Mining Mining to persuade them not to blow up millions of yuan for the sake of tens of thousands of small profits. state-run facilities. "Stay there!" Before he could say a few words, the other party pushed the two Communist Party members into a dark and damp deep cave, which lasted for more than seven hours without even giving them a drink of saliva.This is the attitude towards the "officials". As for the general workers in the mine and those mine guards who are looking for trouble, the situation will not be like this. Do you think they can be dealt with once a petition is sent to the court? "It's a joke, our place is high and the emperor is far away, and I sit on the mountain as the king!" They tell you like this.They have their own "law" on this mountain, that is, it is good to allow mining, and they will be fined if they block mining.Do what you say, and never relent. The fate of Rucheng is a microcosm of the entire Tungsten Delta. In addition to Yaogangxian, Daji Mountain, Xihua Mountain, Kumei Mountain, Huameiao, Xiaolong, Gaoping, Piaotang, Xialong, Hukeng in Jiangxi, Chuankou in Hunan Large-scale tungsten mines such as Shitouzhang, East Hunan, and Shitouzhang in Guangdong are basically similar to being swallowed up by aggressive miners and state-owned mining areas. Among them, Daji Mountain, Xihua Mountain, and Huameiao in southern Jiangxi are even worse.There are more than 9,200 miners gathered in one tungsten mine in Kumei Mountain alone.After three or four years of indiscriminate mining, the life of this mine has been shortened by 11 years. The yin and yang decline between the state-run mines and private mines in the tungsten delta will inevitably lead to the backflow and landslide of my country's tungsten industry's export earnings.Since the state-run mines have been unable to curb the rapid development and spread of private mines, the tungsten sand business market in the tungsten delta area is also in chaos.There are many individual buying stations run by the industrial departments of the county government and the villages of the township government, and they are all close to the state-owned mining areas.Miners sell illegally mined tungsten as easily as selling vegetables on the street.The smugglers took the opportunity to make a fortune.Since 1985, two workers of a selection factory in Guiyao, Hunan have smuggled more than 600 tons of tungsten sand from a small tungsten mine in Jikeng District alone. Ren, a farmer in Ningxiang County, has evaded 320,000 yuan for tax evasion alone!According to incomplete statistics from more than a dozen key mining areas in the Tungsten Delta, more than 12,000 tons of tungsten sand were lost through such illegal purchases in 1987 alone, accounting for more than 1/3 of the annual output of tungsten sand here.It is no wonder that such a huge amount of unplanned production of tungsten sand has flowed into the international market without causing confusion.Taking 1987 as an example, the total income of farmers in the "Delta" through illegal mining was about 54 million yuan, while the country's foreign exchange earnings from tungsten exports in the international market decreased by 30 million U.S. dollars in this year alone. Due to the impact of oversupply in this year, the price of tungsten plummeted in 1988 and 1989, and the actual loss was nearly 100 million US dollars.The predatory mining by farmers and miners this year shortened the life of all tungsten mines by two years, equivalent to a loss of 450 million yuan.In addition, the cost of destroying pits and other mine equipment caused by farmers and miners to state-run mines in this year is equivalent to 30 million yuan. The sum of the three losses is a huge amount of 780 million yuan. The actual income earned by the farmers miners is negative 12 times the losses caused by the state! The earth is tilted for it, can the tungsten delta not fall because of it? In 1981, when the Italian artist was restoring the famous painting "Spring" by the famous painter Botticelli, he was surprised to find that the colors on the painting were still green despite the vicissitudes of more than 500 years.After testing, it is known that the pigment used by the painter at that time was malachite powder.Malachite, known as "the first treasure in the world", can not only be used as a wonderful color for Danqing masters, but also can be used to smelt and make weapons and make high-end ornaments.According to China's "Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine" records.Malachite also has the medicinal function of "brightening eyesight, removing shade and benefiting orifices". There are too many treasures that the earth has dedicated to mankind, and malachite is one of them. Malachite in China is produced in Tonglu Mountain in Daye County, Hubei Province on the south bank of the Yangtze River.According to scientific determination, this ancient mine with a mining history of more than 2,500 years has malachite with a copper content of more than 50% buried in its mountainside.According to the records of Daye County Chronicles: From the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Southern Song Dynasty, emperors of all dynasties dug wells here to extract treasures, and the famous patriotic general Yue Fei also smelted and made weapons here. In 1966, the state spent a huge amount of money to formally establish the Tonglushan Malachite Mine here, directly under the leadership of the Ministry of Metallurgy.Although people were not allowed to develop productive forces during the "Cultural Revolution", as a mine, it has spent more than 10 years of stability here. In 1979, after the opening of the rural policy, Tonglushan farmers, who had been fed by the people's commune for decades, felt for the first time that they could live a "more lively" life with a vegetable basket and a bamboo basket on their backs.However, the mountains here are high and the roads are impassable. It is impossible to do business or engage in "official downfall" like the Cantonese.But the mountain people have their own way.As the saying goes, "Eat mountains by relying on mountains, and eat water by relying on water", the people of Tonglu Mountain thought of the malachite behind them.At first, people just went to the mine row and the place beside the road to pick up some fragmented ore, and malachite was only used by a few leisurely people as an ornamental on the table.Later, some well-informed person spread the news that the malachite on Tonglu Mountain is a rare treasure, and even foreigners are willing to pay high prices.Ever since, the farmers seemed to suddenly see a star piercing the sky in the dark night, and hurriedly repaired their shovels and tricycles and ran up the mountain. Tonglu Mountain is so big, where can I mine malachite?It is impossible for farmers who have no knowledge of mining to attend mining "literacy classes", so they fixed their eyes on the open-pit workshop of the state-run mine.This open-air workshop is like a huge iron pot inlaid under the blue sky. Due to long-term mining, it is already 80 meters below sea level.Standing on the top of the mountain and looking at the "bottom of the pot", you can see the strange rocks on the four walls and the cliffs going up and down, which makes people dizzy. The "iron pot" was quickly scraped clean.Some people sell the malachite excavated here to smugglers from outside. The price is as high as 20 yuan per catty, and the price is still skyrocketing.How big is a catty of stone? Isn't it as big as a woman's fist?Picking up such a little thing can pay for a month's money for picking up dung, and you would be a fool if you don't do it!However, malachite is not an ordinary stone. It grows on Tonglu Mountain, and it cannot be seen by opening eyes.After walking out of the "bottom of the pot", the farmers began to think, since they can't find it on the surface, why not dig a hole and try it! Guo, a veteran who was born as an engineer, was the first to challenge the earth.The boys in the village admired his skillful mountain-digging skills, and what they admired even more was that he actually dug out malachite!