Chapter 14 Chapter 12 The Hardest and Hardest is the Country

In the Three Gorges Reservoir area, we can see slogans such as "Leave a small family to care for everyone, and be willing to contribute to the Three Gorges".The "everyone" here refers to the country.We Chinese people are used to the word country. In their minds, the country is synonymous with sacredness and solemnity, the hope of happiness and prosperity, and the goal of victory and victory. But the state is not an empty concept.The country is also an institution and organization supported by people. It is just a big family composed of countless "small families" of ordinary people.As the saying goes, each family has its own difficulties, and naturally "everyone" also has difficulties of "everyone".On the issue of immigration from the Three Gorges, the difficulties of "everyone" are no less than that of the small families of millions of immigrants.

The most difficult part of the Three Gorges immigration is the country. Let me first talk about why a project that everyone knows that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages has been delayed for decades. The first, of course, is the issue of national power. But is the issue of national strength the only one?no.Without a unified ideology, without a strategy for revitalizing Greater China accepted by the whole nation, without a well-reasoned scientific plan under such a strategy, it is still impossible to launch the Three Gorges Project with national strength. On the issue of the Three Gorges Project, several national leaders have almost exhausted their energy.Mao Zedong was the greatest man in China in the 20th century, and he never gave up the grand plan of "going out of the high gorge to the flat lake".However, Deng Xiaoping held up the banner of reform and opening up, and decided that the Three Gorges Project was "better in the morning than in the evening" on the basis of full preparations in all walks of life across the country; the Party Central Committee headed by Jiang Zemin proceeded from the fundamental interests of the people, and the Three Gorges Project was officially launched. mount.And if the third generation of leaders does not have the foreshadowing and preparation of the first and second generation leaders, even if there are another 10 or 20 years, the Three Gorges Project may still not be able to start.

The difficulty of the Three Gorges Project lies in the difficulties other than engineering technology. With regard to the matter of millions of immigrants, the difficulty of the country is many times more difficult than the people imagined! The question of how many people should be moved is enough for the country. The earlier plan was to move as little as possible, because the fewer immigrants, the lighter the country’s burden, the more stable the people, and the fewer legacy problems. Past practice tells us that in order to deal with the resettlement of these immigrants, the country’s money is like Filling a bottomless pit...

However, the Three Gorges Project is an exception.Fewer immigrants will make the Three Gorges Project, which could have played a huge role in storage capacity, become nondescript.In order to make full use of the huge hydraulic resources of the Three Gorges Project, the water storage level of the reservoir must be raised to a reasonable position, so the number of immigrants has increased in this way. The Three Gorges Project determines that it must be a great project for a large number of immigrants. So in the face of such unchangeable objective facts, the country began to consider as little as possible to let the immigrants in the submerged area leave their homes.Chinese people can endure humiliation and live on their own land, and their love for their homeland even surpasses any human emotion. The idea of ​​"leaning at the nearest place" is precisely in view of the above factors-it is completely a way of thinking for the sake of the people.

However, the Three Gorges area was originally a land with high mountains and dangerous waters, and the arable land area per capita was less than one mu. What the Three Gorges Reservoir submerged was the good land that the people used to cultivate. The land is arable.Land is the lifeblood of farmers, and farmers without land can only become lonely refugees.With more refugees, can the country be stable?Can the regime be consolidated?In fact, according to satellite aerial surveys, the area of ​​arable land in the Three Gorges Reservoir area has reached at least 10 million mu, and only hundreds of thousands of mu have been actually submerged.However, the common people's worries are not unreasonable, because the conversion between the area of ​​arable land and the area of ​​actual arable land needs a long process, that is, a hill and a rocky slope, if you want to make it a cropland that can be harvested, it may be difficult in three to five years. become a reality.

This is how the contradiction emerged.The country has to figure out a way. The country finally figured out a way, and the way was thought of very, very early. When the construction of the Three Gorges Project was still under endless demonstration, the experiment of reclaiming and planting citrus on the "rear" hills had already been carried out—— Fortunately, luxuriant fruit trees were actually planted on those rocky hills with the white money. The citrus groves suitable for the Three Gorges area gave immigrants a glimmer of hope and comfort, so planting citrus became a way to ease the survival of immigrants. The measures were widely promoted, but it was not long before the real large-scale immigration began, and the storm of the market economy suddenly blew away the "citrus dream of getting rich" of the immigrants from the Three Gorges: how can native citrus beat foreign products and foreign fruits?Even the fruits of the country and province can beat the citrus handed down by Mr. Qu Yuan for thousands of years, making them worthless!

The immigrants cried. The method has to be rethought. Therefore, the "Regulations on the Resettlement of the Three Gorges Project on the Yangtze River" has such a very eye-catching content: "Rural resettlement should be based on the development of large-scale agriculture. Channels for developing forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, and sideline industries should be properly settled; where conditions permit, township enterprises should be actively developed, and secondary and tertiary industries should be developed..." Yes, it is easy to do so in "qualified" places, but the problem is the Three Gorges reservoir area There are not many enterprises that are truly qualified to run secondary and tertiary industries and township enterprises.As for other things such as "usable land", "stable and high-yielding grain fields", etc., it is not easy to have!Even if all of the above are available, including fields, land, township enterprises, and secondary and tertiary industries, someone suddenly raises a bigger question: the Three Gorges Reservoir area can no longer follow the old path of some reservoirs. A great reservoir becomes a "big cesspool", protecting the environment is the foundation of the Three Gorges reservoir and dam.

Well, the environmental awareness of Chinese people has been strengthened, which is a good thing!But millions of migrants have "backed up" to the mountains, and the Three Gorges Reservoir will definitely bring about serious ecological consequences! The country has another big problem.In order to solve the environmental problems of the Three Gorges Reservoir in the future, the central government decided to give 4 billion RMB!But this still cannot solve a fundamental problem: the problem of millions of migrants in the reservoir area. "Leaning back on the spot" has become a prominent problem among the problems.The sharp opinions of experts, even foreign friends and enemies also commented on this issue, more vigorously than discussing their own family affairs.

move!Move out of the warehouse area!After repeated argumentation and thinking, the country decided that the immigrants in the second or even the third period should move out to other places as much as possible. At first, it was solved in the county, city, and province. Later, it was not easy to solve it in the county, city, and province, so we decided to move to other provinces. Which province to choose?Naturally, the first thing that comes to mind is Heilongjiang and Xinjiang, which have a small population, a lot of land, and relatively good natural conditions. Organize emigration!So after tens of thousands of mobilizations, the first batch of about 2,000 immigrants to Xinjiang was finally formed, and there were also thousands of immigrants to Heilongjiang.

"Xinjiang is a good place. The grapes all over the ground are fragrant and fragrant, and the girl is as beautiful as a flower..." More than 2,000 immigrants from Wushan and other places traveled thousands of miles to Xinjiang with good yearning.It was really good, because they went there in August, which is the most beautiful season in Xinjiang, and the girl is indeed pretty.The immigrants felt very fresh. They were used to seeing the water and mountains of the Xiajiang River, and seeing the sky and clouds in Xinjiang really made the immigrants feel happy. "It was blue and blue that day, and the clouds were as white as a woman's." Crispy breasts..." Someone wrote back and said so.

But these two thousand people returned to the reservoir area without exception before the spring of the second year.what happened?Isn't it good!Why are you back? Turtle son, what's the matter!The immigrants who came back patted the cold air on their bodies and said: That is not a place for us southerners to stay!It’s too cold to go out and piss and freeze into popsicles. We are used to working all year round so we don’t have time to spare, but Xinjiang is good. The whole autumn and winter are all nestled on the kang and don’t even leave the house. Pass! I see. The situation in Heilongjiang is basically the same. All the immigrants from the Three Gorges in the pilot provinces (regions) were wiped out. what to do?Where can I migrate to "go out, stay stable, and gradually get rich"? The country faced another problem. Since the Three Gorges Project is beneficial to the people of the whole country, those provinces and cities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River that have benefited from the Three Gorges Project should make contributions in resettling the Three Gorges immigrants.Yes, the provinces and cities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are all economically developed places, so it should not be a problem to resettle a certain number of immigrants.The Three Gorges immigrated to those places, and the future development and stability will be much better! This plan works!The central leadership delineated this move as the best policy. In this way, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Shandong, Sichuan, including the uninundated areas of Chongqing are listed. These natural conditions are relatively good, the economy is relatively developed, and the Three Gorges has benefited a lot after the completion of the Three Gorges. 11 provinces and cities in the country have resettled the resettlement task outside the Three Gorges.On the other hand, in 1992, at the first working conference on counterpart support for the Three Gorges Project resettlement, the central government issued a notice for counterpart provinces and cities to support the construction of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. The latter has gained a lot. Provinces and cities, especially Jiangsu, Shanghai, Guangdong, Zhejiang and other provinces, have developed economies, and a large amount of money has been given to the people of the Three Gorges free of charge.We took a walk in the reservoir area today, and the best buildings you saw almost all used part of the funds supported by brother provinces and cities.By the end of 2001, the national counterpart support funds for the Three Gorges had reached more than 10 billion yuan, fully reflecting the warmth and friendship of the big socialist family. However, when it comes to resettling immigrants, there are other difficulties.When a certain province heard that they also had a quota of 6,000 to 7,000 immigrants from the Three Gorges, they felt that "one more thing is better than one less thing." They smiled and discussed with their superiors and comrades in the Three Gorges Reservoir area: "Why don't you send the immigrants here? Each immigrant will give you tens of thousands of yuan, so let’s just stay in the Three Gorges! no!Central spoke.The purpose of relocating immigrants is to solve the population pressure of the Three Gorges Reservoir in the future and to balance regional development and environmental problems. Well, the central government has the final say, and we will resolutely obey the central government's arrangements.However, since we are going to arrange resettlement, there must be a resettlement fee, right? This is natural. Don't think that the country is so easy. In fact, there are many similarities in the way "everyone" does things and "small families" do things.There must be a balance between brothers and sisters, and there must be no partiality between children. There must be skills and standards for what is more important and what is less important. For example, the one-child policy mentioned above, for example, some provinces and cities put forth the most enthusiastic attitude and capital to build "small bungalows" and secure closed-circuit TVs in order to resettle immigrants.This may not seem like a big deal, but for millions of immigrants, the situation is very different.Why did we have to be neutered before moving?Why can immigrants from other provinces and cities live in "small bungalows" but we can't live in them, etc. How do you ask the country to answer? It doesn't work if you don't answer.The common people were so desperate that they dared to come to Beijing to appeal. The state has to come forward to coordinate and solve the problem.For some important issues, "regulations", "regulations" and even laws must be used to establish them.But laws are also made by people, and time is often the gravedigger of these laws. Take the compensation for the submerged property and means of production of immigrants as an example. Only those who know the inside story can understand how difficult the country is.First of all, you can’t determine the start time of the project, and then you have to register and measure them one by one in an area of ​​630 kilometers long and nearly 1,000 square kilometers, ranging from a factory with tens of thousands of people to a few small trees in front of and behind a farmer’s house. measure.Ordinary people don't scan it roughly like you do. If you tilt the measuring tape a little carelessly, they can see it clearly.Not to mention the money spent by the state, a team of thousands of people worked for more than two years just for the physical objects and land statistical survey of the submerged land. You thought that was the end of it?No.Facts have proved that no matter how careful and responsible the technicians of the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Commission were in charge of this important work at that time, there were still many false reports and false reports.Mistakes can be corrected, and omissions can still be made up, but there is one thing that cannot be modified, that is, when the resettlers and the in-kind compensation in the submerged area should be based. This cannot be modified.You said the date when the "Resolution on the Construction of the Three Gorges Project on the Yangtze River" will be passed?The previous ones can be made up, but the later ones can’t be made up?Well, can the physical measurement and statistics team of thousands of people unify the food, housing and accommodation of millions of people in the 1,000 square kilometers of the entire reservoir area within one day?Can you guarantee that there will be no ten or eight farmers building new houses in one day?Can you guarantee that there will be no thirty or fifty mothers who will give birth in one day?Can you guarantee that one day a hundred and ten new stores will open, and ten and a hundred old businesses will close down?No one has that ability!Difficult!But it is uncertain which day will be the deadline for physical statistics. Can you still come out with the budget for the Three Gorges Project?When will the Three Gorges Dam be built? no.Absolutely not. So the country draws a cut-off line on the date of April 3, 1992 (the resolution passed by the National People's Congress), that is, your house that was uniformly registered by the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Commission before this day will be recognized as an immigrant in the future. You can get compensation from the state, and if you build a house after that, you won't get compensation.Of course, factors considered reasonable by the state at that time were also taken into consideration. For example, although you did not build your house before April 3, 1992, but you have completed the corresponding building procedures, then the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Commission will also register for you. Registered, future compensation can also be obtained.The issue of population is more complicated. Although the country considered reasonable factors at that time, the specific situation was far more complicated than the possible factors considered by policymakers. The most difficult thing to do in the Three Gorges resettlement work is probably this aspect.For example, the common people are the most sensitive and serious about housing issues.In fact, it's the same for anyone.Example: Zhang San in a certain village had only three rooms before April 3, 1992, but his son’s marriage was decided earlier, and the marriage time was set on the May Day of this year, because at that time Zhang San The three families were in financial difficulties, and some materials were not ready, so when the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Committee came to count the houses, his family neither built a new house, nor did they have time to go to the relevant departments to go through the corresponding procedures.But later, in order to hold a happy event in time for the "May 1st" energy saving, Zhang San mobilized the strength of his relatives and Murakami, and rushed to build the house in more than ten days, and also held his son's happy event.Everyone in the village still remembers this. However, when the immigrant was announced, Zhang San’s whole family was immigrant. As a result, when the housing compensation was processed, the other three houses he built before the May 1st Festival were not registered at all, so there was no compensation. .Zhang San was very dissatisfied with this, saying that the cadres did not support him and were engaging in corruption—Zhang San was referring to a village cadre who built a house later than him, but received compensation.In fact, the situation of that cadre is like this: Let’s call that cadre Lao Lin for now—Lao Lin is a sensible person. To measure and count the submerged production materials, he hastened to the relevant departments to go through the procedures of building the house, and the approval documents for building the house were complete.The technicians of the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Commission took a look: Yes, Lao Lin's pre-built houses can be registered.Later, the construction of Lao Lin's house started half a year after Zhang San built the house.A few years later, when the housing compensation for the Three Gorges immigrants was processed, Lao Lin also received tens of thousands of housing compensation smoothly.Lao Lin was confident about this, and said that I was not corrupt at all, and that I was receiving compensation from the Three Gorges immigration policy. And that's not even the weirdest.Chrysanthemum and Lanhua in a certain village are good sisters who were born in the same year. The friendship they grew up together made them choose the same village when they got married, and they all got married on the same day.Later, their baby was also born in the same year.But when they immigrated to the Three Gorges, the children of Juhua's family were well-known small immigrants, and they also received tens of thousands of resettlement compensation according to the regulations.But the children of the Lanhua family did not receive it, because the children were not registered petty immigrants—although the children had to move with their parents.It turned out that when the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Commission came to the village to register for household registration, Juhua happened to be at home, went to the hospital for a B-ultrasound, and asked the cadres of the township family planning committee to issue a birth certificate, so Juhua's family became a de facto family of three.But at that time, Lanhua was going south with her husband to work. Although she also received a letter from her family, she did not go to the hospital for a physical examination. In fact, Lanhua was already pregnant at that time. Later suffered a big loss. Can your government and cadres be able to answer the "specific situation" such as immigration Lanhua and Zhang San?Immigrants are realistic enough, but can your government and policies simply follow this "specific situation"?No, at least very difficult. The puzzle thus increases!The difficulty of the puzzle increases accordingly! Our government is the government of the people, so of course we can't speak like this in front of the people and the people, but there are indeed many problems in actual work that even the country and the government are very embarrassed. On the Three Gorges immigration issue, the country is in this situation. There is no precedent for millions of immigrants, and today's immigrants are different from those in the past. Under the conditions of the market economy, the people also know how to negotiate prices. There is nothing wrong with bargaining, not to mention that the immigrants from the Three Gorges are involuntary immigrants, and any kind of problems may arise at any time. Even the most reasonable and scientific policy at the beginning will be found to be completely unworkable after a few years. However, the Three Gorges Dam has been rising day by day. After the dam is closed, the water of the Yangtze River will also rise day by day. Immigrants must be relocated within the specified time. This is a must for construction projects. This is the history of China. This is the necessity of the irresistible destiny of the Chinese nation! In the face of a great project that determines the future of the nation and social development, in the process of the contest between man and water, man must sometimes retreat, must make concessions, and must leave your beloved hometown and home... The Three Gorges immigration is such a difficult and difficult, glorious and great.