Chapter 14 Chapter 1 Three Milestones Chinese Characters

If China in the last 20 years of the 20th century was a truly awakened dragon, then the person who awakened this dragon was Deng Xiaoping.The reality of the great changes that have taken place in a short history proves that Deng Xiaoping's theory of taking the road of Chinese-style socialism is the ideological cornerstone for the Chinese nation to rule the world again. If it is said that farmers in Fengyang, Anhui wrote down their names heavily on a land contract and took the first step in the practice of Xiaoping Theory by Chinese farmers, then the people of Yiwu only spent more than ten years on a piece of barren loess. It is the Chinese peasants who have really used Xiaoping theory to carry out a great revolution that their ancestors have dreamed of for thousands of years but have never been realized. The mud legs became the masters of the city proudly, and miraculously turned every piece of crop land that used to only grow grain into a market that produced gold and cash.

It sounds like a very ordinary past, but as the same era, how can we not understand the long twists and turns and turbulent waves in its instantaneous history... Where is Yiwu?Who are the Yiwu people?Yiwu?Weird word, what do you mean?Perhaps a few years ago, a person like me who often traveled around would ask such a question. Yes, even the Yiwu people themselves told me that, ten or twenty years ago, they themselves were unwilling to open their mouths to let outsiders know who they were from Yiwu.That is the name of a place that Yiwu people do not dare to show off. They are replaced by the Candy Gang who are looked down upon or spat on.In the past in Jiangnan, there was a saying: Bitter, harder than the sugar gang who wears a snow cape and goes to thousands of houses on the first day of the new year;It is said that Yiwu people, who have been trading sugar for chicken feathers for hundreds of years, completely abandoned the habit of making a living by earning a pinch of chicken feathers and a pig bone in AD 1986 and 1987 twelve or thirteen years ago. In exchange for a candy load.

Only later did I understand why people in Yiwu today were the first to lift Feng Aiqian up when they heard that I was going to write a new history of Yiwu. Feng Aiqian who appeared in front of me was a very typical southern grandma.She said that she is 59 years old this year, and her business is not too big or small. Now she mainly focuses on participating in the management of China's small commodity market.Busy, there are tens of thousands of stalls, hundreds of thousands of merchants, and there are endless tasks and things you can’t do every day... Feng Aiqian handed over her business card, and I saw that there are so many jobs; Yiwu CPPCC member, Vice-Chairman of the Self-employed Workers Association, Deputy Director of Market Security...

People say that I am the No. 1 subject in China's No. 1 city, but it's really not just a rumor.You outsiders come to see how lively our Yiwu market is today, it’s so amazing, but you can’t imagine how we now, the millionaires and billionaires, walked over with one step at a time, one kneel and three bows of.Tears glistened in Feng Aiqian's eyes. In the past, Yiwu people were famous for being poor.Not to mention the farmers in the countryside, even urban households like me who eat commodity grains can live a life that is as good as it is today but not tomorrow.Now Feng Aiqian, who is already a millionaire woman, can't help but talk about the past. She said that when she was young, she was also a countryman who farmed the land. After pointing, the eldest girl joined the production cooperative among the men alone.At that time, Feng Aiqian's life was still in the countryside, but the feeling of eating commercial food filled her with a sense of pride and superiority, and she sang endless ditties all day long.However, the poor and remote small town of Yiwu was like a wrecked ship at that time. Within a few years, Feng Aiqian was ordered by her superiors to transfer her household registration to the countryside.In order to support five children, relying on the few dead wages of her husband who works in a supply and marketing cooperative, even the family's mouths cannot be hungry.Feng Aiqian told me very bitterly that once, in order to cook a full meal for her children, she even crossed six thresholds without borrowing a single grain of rice.She had to take her son and daughter to work as a temporary worker under her husband's unit, and she worked there for seven years.Fast forward to 1979, and the children started to grow up, and they had to spend money to go to school and get dressed. Feng Aiqian, a mother, couldn’t care less about saving face. She saw someone carrying a basket on a house that was destroyed by fire in Choucheng Selling all kinds of small commodities can earn a few dollars a day.This is too tempting for Feng Aiqian, a smart woman who has no rice to cook.When she excitedly went to the street to apply for business, a person in charge of the street stared at her and yelled: We are going to catch those speculators, how are you, and want to cooperate with them!Feng Aiqian was too frightened to enter the door of the street management committee again.

But life is still alive. In 1980, Feng Aiqian, who had dreamed of living in the city for nearly 40 years, finally realized it.In order to move her rural household registration to the city, she sold 10 tans of millet at 8 yuan each, for a total of 80 yuan.At night, Feng Aiqian touched the money in her pocket, constantly thinking about how small money turned into big money. Hey, do you have any money to lend me?She pushed to wake her sleeping husband. What are you thinking about in the middle of the night?The honest husband rubbed his eyes and asked: What do you want money for?Didn't you just sell the grain?

I want to start a business, but the money is not enough. What?You want to do business?The husband seemed to wake up suddenly: We are still in a meeting today to say that we will severely crack down on speculation. Aren't you just throwing eggs at rocks?My whole family wants to eat, who cares?Feng Aiqian got angry: Do you have any money to lend me? Apart from paying all the salary to you, how can I have any money? The husband is telling the truth.Helpless, Feng Aiqian had no choice but to ask someone to borrow 300 yuan from the credit union.With the capital of 380 yuan, her 40-year-old Feng Aiqian began her arduous journey into business.

The initial business was very simple. First, I went to the department store to buy some very cheap buttons, shoelaces, pins and so on.Less in and out, and setting up a stall on the first day, excluding costs and expenses, was more than 6 yuan.Not to mention how happy Feng Aiqian was!She used to be a temporary worker for more than ten years, and her wages were only 90 cents a day, or 27 yuan a month.Now it's 6 yuan a day, and anyone can calculate this account.On the second day, she made a few yuan more by setting up a stall than on the first day. On the third day, Feng Aiqian went home to do some of the business of the day, ah, a total of 22 yuan!

I've made a deal, I've made a deal with this profiteer!Feng Aiqian, who has tasted the sweetness, has never stopped since then. She knows that if she wants money, first, she must buy cheaply, and second, she must sell quickly.At that time, there were only two decent markets in Yiwu, one was Choucheng Town Market, and the other was Niansanli Market, the birthplace of chicken feather exchange for sugar.The two bazaars coincide with the double number of the lunar calendar and the odd number of the lunar calendar.In order to catch up with these two markets, after Feng Aiqian had set up a stall in this market the morning before, she had to drive to other places to buy goods in the afternoon, and she had to finish and arrange the goods that night, so that she could catch up with the other day. a bazaar.Not to mention what kind of things a woman would encounter when setting up a stall on the street, but just talking about going to other places to buy goods, Feng Aiqian said that she would feel like a nightmare when she thought about it now—…… In the summer of the first year, I went to Jinhua Department Store to buy goods, asked people to worship Buddha, and finally bought 2,000 paper fans. When I was carrying the burden and went back to catch the train, because of the hot weather and heavy burden, I had two empty meals without a sip of water and a grain of food. , I was walking along the railway track, and suddenly my heart felt stuffy, my eyes stared at gold stars, and I fell on the side of the railway track with my burden... I couldn't get up anyway, thinking that this time it would be miserable, let alone making money , I can't even get my life back.At this moment, a kind-hearted crossing worker saw me, and it was he who helped me into the hut, brought water and helped me rub my waist, and finally I was relieved.When it comes to the difficulties of purchasing goods from other places, I can really talk about days and nights.At that time, the policies in various places were not yet open, and those of us who were self-employed went to the state-owned units to purchase goods, and people were afraid like seeing the plague, for fear that if you charged you an extra penny, you would be infected with the germs of capitalism.But after all, many companies have too many backlogs of products, and we are all cash transactions, so our supply of goods can still be resolved.But the return journey is often more difficult than going to the door to ask for goods, and the crackdown on speculation on the railway line is even stricter than catching Xiaolun.In order to avoid inspections one after another, we dare not go to the platform entrance of the railway station. We all have to wait for the train to leave the station or slow down when the train arrives at the station.You think it's a woman in her teens, and she is dragging goods with baskets. Anyone who sees the scene of picking up a car will say that I want money but not life!But how did they know that for the life of the family and for the children to go to school and have enough food, I did this because I wanted money and dared not give up my life!

One time I was a little slow to jump out of the car with the goods, and almost broke my legs.At that time, those of us who went out to the streets to set up stalls and do business were all regarded as speculators. If you were not careful, you might be caught by those people wearing red armbands from the Municipal Management Committee, fined money and belongings, and went to school.The scariest situation in my memory is going out to buy goods and returning to Yiwu.At that time, unlike now, all roads lead to Yiwu, and there is only one railway connecting the outside, so we can only take the train to go out and buy goods.Every time I go back to Yiwu, in the few minutes before I get to the station, I throw the goods from the window of the car into the crop fields or weed piles next to the railway, and then jump down with the slowing car.Turn around, squat down, pick up the goods again, and run...you ask why you did this?I'm afraid, every time a train arrives at the station, there are always several groups of people wearing red armbands, like military police, patrolling the several meters around the station entrance, and it's okay to catch them!You may think it’s funny to say it. Once I jumped out of the car and just put the dropped goods back into the load. As soon as I straightened up, I saw a person wearing a red armband walking towards me, and I was so scared that I dropped the load. Plopped down on the ground.You said that the man wearing the red armband should check it, but this friend just walked around and refused to leave, which caused me to lie in the weeds for several hours. It was hard, and now I think about it and I want to cry...

The upright Feng Aiqian didn't want others to see her cry. She tilted her head up, and her voice was twice as loud: You said that we worked so hard to bring back some daily necessities for the common people from outside to the market to set up a stall in exchange for some hard work. Money, however, is said to be the tail of capitalism, which must be cut off.At that time, Choucheng Town in Yiwu Chengguan was not as populous as it is now, and the urban area was not as large, but there were still tens of thousands of people living here.Those of us who set up small stalls are like guerrillas every day, setting up our stalls here and there for another hour. Finally, we finally found a place where we can do business in an open space near the gate of the county government.People from the relevant departments dispatched a lot of people at once to drive us businessmen and customers who came to buy goods to run around.But we are ordinary people, we have to eat and live, so what’s wrong with selling needles, brains and dental pens that every household can’t live without!We, a group of hawkers who set up stalls on Beimen Street, got together to discuss, and when we discussed, we got angry.Everyone said sadly that it seems that the people of Alayiwu can only go out and wear snow to work as a candy gang forever, and live a hard life of eating at home!After hearing this, I felt very sad, wondering whether my own people's government and the Communist Party can't understand the people's sentiments?No, I must figure it out, and I have to let the official tell me openly and openly whether we will let our people have a meal or not?

I made up my mind, so I stayed at the gate of the then county party committee for several days because I heard that a new secretary of the county party committee had just arrived in the county, and if I wanted to look for it, I would look for the biggest official.Everyone knew that I wanted to argue with the secretary of the county party committee, and they all followed me with anticipation and fear to find out what happened.One day, someone told me that the short, plainly dressed man was the new secretary of the county party committee, Xie.When I saw him come out of the barber shop, I boldly went up to him and asked: Are you Secretary Xie?He looked at me and asked me what I do?I said that I was doing business in the market, doing some small business to support my family, but why didn’t the government force us to have nowhere to stay every day, or force us to stop doing it with frighteningly high fees?After I finished speaking these few words, Secretary Xie looked at me with unusual eyes, and seeing a large group of onlookers standing behind me, he shook his head and said you came to my office.Hearing the words of the county party secretary, the guys behind me were really terrified, thinking that you, Feng Aiqian, are done. If you are not arrested, you will be severely criticized.At that time, the Cultural Revolution had just ended a few years ago, and the shadow of class struggle was too deep for everyone.I was also nervous at the time, he was the magistrate of a county, and I was one of the ordinary people, his one word might be enough to keep me in prison forever!But I thought about it again, the matter has come to this point, even if I am in prison, I have to find out from the secretary of the Communist Party: What is wrong with doing business?In this way, I followed Secretary Xie into his office. I don't want this Secretary Xie to be loud as soon as he enters the door, saying that you are so noisy at the gate of the county committee.I also got angry when I heard it.Seeing him knock on the table once, I will take two shots on the table.Perhaps it was the first time that Secretary Xie saw such an ordinary commoner dare to get so angry in front of him over the question of whether to set up a stall or not, so he calmed down slowly, gave up my seat and poured water, and spoke frankly. Feel free to ask me about the lives of the people in Yiwu.As for me, when I saw that such a big parent can calm down and listen to the words of the people, the words that have been pent up in my heart for so many years suddenly opened the water. I said to Secretary Xie that our Yiwu people were poor in their ancestors, and they are poor because they are poor. Few and thin.But why can it still survive and multiply here?That is, Yiwu people know how to do business. Don’t underestimate the exchange of chicken feathers for sugar. It is very effective. On the one hand, it solves the contradiction that we have more people, less land, and abundant labor. On the other hand, everyone makes up for it by doing business bit by bit. We have solved the difficulties of every family's life, and more importantly, we Yiwu people are the most daring and willing to endure hardships.Now that other places are opening up festivals, we Yiwu people don’t have double advantages, and we can’t learn from others, but people here can do business and can exchange chicken feathers for sugar!If you want to give full play to the spirit of exchanging chicken feathers for sugar and enthusiasm for business, I don't believe that Yiwu people are inferior to others.When I said this, Secretary Xie's eyes lit up, and he asked me, do you really think it's okay?I said why not?Then I told me about my small business a while ago, and sometimes I made more money in a day than I earned in the past month. Secretary Xie nodded frequently, and kept walking back and forth in the office.Later, he stood in front of me and said loudly: Okay, you go back first, let me think about it.I was very happy when I heard it, and when I went out, I remembered an important matter, so I turned around and asked Secretary Xie: Can we set up a stall on the street?He waved his hand and said yes, you guys do it first. I said worriedly again: But the market managers are chasing us every day!Secretary Xie crossed his hands at his waist and said, don't worry, I will call them. 3 Meeting with the county party secretary will have such a happy ending, which I never dreamed of.No wonder when I walked out of the gate of the county party committee, those business friends who were waiting outside to watch the excitement rushed over and said, why haven't you been arrested?I smiled and said Secretary Xie also poured me tea and handed me cigarettes, how could he arrest me!But what everyone is most concerned about is whether to allow stalls to do business.I said, just show it, I have something to say from Secretary Xie!Everyone was skeptical, but I knew it in my heart. I picked up the burden and put it on the side of the road as before, and then started yelling, and my voice was much clearer and louder than usual this day.When the guys saw that I was really starting the business again without any worries, they set up stalls and shops one after another.No, for a few days in a row we set up stalls to sell goods, and it went smoothly, and no one came to chase us away.Moreover, within a few days, in the name of rectifying the market leading group, the county party committee issued the first "Notice" famous in the history of Yiwu's reform and opening up. This "Notice" was hand-copied and posted seven eight.This is great news for those of us underground workers who are businessmen. As soon as the "Notice" was posted, the citizens watched from three floors inside and outside. I still can't forget that scene.Within a few days, the number of small merchants and hawkers on the streets of Beimen increased several times, and it increased every day, until the whole street was filled with stalls, and more people came here to buy goods and watch the excitement. This is our Yiwu. The initial formation of China's small commodity market.Now when I talk about the events of those years, people in Yiwu half-truth say that I was the first person to eat crabs in Yiwu market.They praised me and said that if you, Feng Aiqian, hadn't taken the risk of going to jail and been serious with the county party secretary, the first "Notice" would not have been issued so soon, and the small commodity market might not be what it is today, let alone the development of Yiwu City. No more!Ouch, how dare a mere commoner like me swallow the power of the sky!To say that Yiwu has what it is today, Secretary Xie, who is the master of the country, is the most remarkable achievement! Yes, it just so happens that he is also here at this expo, so you must interview him.Feng Aiqian said this to me in the first words she recovered from that unforgettable memory. The Secretary Xie she mentioned, whose full name is Xie Gaohua, was the secretary of the Yiwu County Party Committee transferred here in July 1982, and his term of office was until the end of 1984.Xie Gaohua has only been in Yiwu for more than two years, but he is a county leader with the best reputation in Yiwu's history.Because in the minds of more than 600,000 people in Yiwu, they all agreed that it was Secretary Xie Gaohua who overcame the resistance at that time, adapted to the people's will, stood up decisively and smashed the shackles on people's hands and feet, and only then did Yiwu's rapidly developing commodity market and modernization, as well as the affluent life of the people. Xie Gaohua is a monument in the hearts of Yiwu people. When I came to Yiwu, I heard that two years ago, some people raised funds spontaneously to erect a marble monument for their Secretary Xie. Later, Xie Gaohua, who lived a retired life in Chongzhou, tried his best not to let the matter go. At the end of October 1998, as a member of the visiting delegation of the Chinese Writers Association, I had the honor to meet and interview Xie Gaohua himself while attending the China Small Commodities Fair in Yiwu City. Xie Gaohua, who has retired from office to support his life now, is much thinner than the legendary figure I imagined. However, when he talked about his political career in Yiwu, he talked endlessly—I am from Chongzhou, Zhejiang, and the situation when I was first transferred to Yiwu I don't know, but I have heard about the tradition of exchanging chicken feathers for sugar here. When my 80-year-old mother heard that I was going to work in Yiwu, she said sadly, son, why do you want to go to a poor place?It was the words of the old mother that left a deep pain in my heart.As the saying goes, once you serve as an official, you have to leave something for the people.Yiwu is a place known for its poverty, what can I do after I go there?Not long after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party was held, there was still serious interference from the left below, but after I arrived in Yiwu, I felt that the peasants here were very active.When going out to do business, many people set up stalls on the street.But because the policies at that time were not very clear, the relevant departments generally adopted the methods of criticizing, cracking down, controlling, and stopping these phenomena.After she left, I have been thinking about one thing: Since Yiwu has a tradition of doing business well, and the people can improve their lives from it, why don't we make the best use of the situation and make a difference?When I put my idea to the meeting of the leading group of the county party committee for discussion, I didn't expect most people to be silent. Why is that? I later learned that precisely because Yiwu had a tradition of exchanging chicken feathers for sugar for small businesses since ancient times, successive leaders during the Cultural Revolution, including commune, brigade, and production team cadres, were always criticized by their superiors. In the fierce years, Yiwu has never broken the history of people shaking rattles and secretly going out to exchange chicken feathers for sugar to do business, and some brigades, production teams and even commune cadres led teams to go out.This was of course a serious political issue during the Cultural Revolution, and catching such a typical example would definitely lead to no good results.But the comrades in Yiwu told me that in our Yiwu, the exchange of chicken feathers for sugar is like wildfire urging the spring breeze. No matter how you fight, ban, or drive it away, it will never be broken.I asked what was the reason?They only told me one thing: When you are poor, you will naturally have to try to survive!The words of Feng Aiqian and these cadres touched me deeply at the time. I was determined to exchange Yiwu's suppressed chicken feathers for sugar business style, and conduct a thorough investigation to see whether it should be stopped or let go.For this reason, I mobilized a group of cadres from the county government to conduct a comprehensive investigation and listen to opinions from all sides.I personally went to Choucheng, Yidong, Suxi, Fotang, Yiting and many other villages and towns to learn about it.Because I was a newcomer, there were newspapers and TVs in the counties and cities unlike now, and not many people knew me as the secretary of the county party committee, so it was easy to get first-hand information.But there are exceptions. One time, a cadre from the Industry and Commerce Bureau went to the countryside with me in a jeep. Those local people involved in business were frightened by the Bureau of Industry and Commerce’s crackdown on speculation. Go out and hide.I joked to the cadre of the Industry and Commerce Bureau: No, within a year or two, you can’t go with me, otherwise even I won’t be able to get close to a commoner! Through the investigation, the results are summarized as follows: More than 50% of the people think that the opening of the business market is no problem and should be vigorously promoted; 40% of the people think it is not a big problem and can be tried; Four or five people objected.With this investigation basis, I proposed at the county government meeting: Yiwu’s small commodity business is not a big burden, but a big advantage of Yiwu, which should be vigorously advocated and encouraged... As soon as the words fell, there was a lot of discussion in the meeting room, It can be seen that most people are overjoyed, but some people immediately asked me: But the above will severely crack down on all kinds of speculative activities. Business activities such as exchanging chicken feathers for sugar are clearly speculative and are the tail of capitalism. We should give firm support. To strike, one should mercilessly cut off his tail!This is a sensitive issue, but it cannot be avoided.I was also very excited at the time, but I still suppressed my emotions. I told everyone frankly in plain language that I had done things in other counties to cut off the tail of capitalism in the past, but it turned out to be counterproductive and affected the development of local productivity. , the common people complained, and now our party calls for reform and opening up, and seeks truth from facts.Although I have not been in Yiwu for a long time, from the words of the people and the deep feelings of the cadres, I feel that it is unreasonable to cut the tail of capitalism.Take our Yiwu people’s tradition of exchanging chicken feathers for sugar as an example. People celebrate the new year happily, but our Yiwu shopkeepers travel north and south in the ice and snow. Chicken feathers, for chicken gills.After returning home, sell the top-quality chicken feathers to the country to support exports, and use the poor ones directly as fertilizer for the fields, and sell chicken gills to pharmaceutical companies, and earn a little profit for yourself. This is a business that benefits the country and the people. It’s okay, but it’s not over, how can it be said to be capitalism, when the tail of capitalism is cut off? I am here to express my stance to everyone that from now on, we must rectify the name of Yiwu people exchanging chicken feathers for sugar. Not only are we not allowed to classify such business activities as engaging in capitalism for criticism, but we must vigorously promote and actively encourage them!After this meeting, I urged the people below to come up with the first "Announcement".The Choucheng and Niansanli Small Commodity Markets that were first opened went from the underground to the ground, and Yiwu people began a historic turning point... I noticed that Xie Gaohua's face was not commensurate with his actual age, and there were too many vicissitudes, and this may be the unusually resolute side of his character. The lifting of the ban on the Yiwu small commodity market has enabled hundreds of thousands of Yiwu people who are good at management, daring to do things and willing to endure hardships to get rid of the shackles that have been tied to them for many years, and join the ranks of management one after another.A large number of farmers moved from the ridges to the city. Some of them started using rattle drums to trade chicken feathers for sugar, while others set up stalls on the streets and went to other places to buy goods wholesale and return to Yiwu.In particular, some skilled craftsmen are all in action. They reuse the skills handed down from their ancestors to develop traditional processing industries such as sugar making and jujube production.Just as the farmers were happily working hard, the cadres and workers of the state-owned and collective businesses cried out for their suffering, saying that Xie Gaohua's release had messed up the whole of Yiwu. The letter is as many as two sacks.In particular, people from several state-owned commercial units in the city even came to block the gate of the county party committee and asked Xie Gaohua to withdraw the No. 1 "Notice". Are you from a stationery store?Xie Gaohua glanced and saw that there were a few employees in the crowd who were employees of a store under the Bureau of Commerce, so he asked. Really?The other party didn't understand what he meant. Xie Gaohua smiled and said that I would first tell you something that happened a few days ago, which was my personal experience.I ran out of pencils for approving documents that day, so I went to the street to buy a pen from you.When I was scooping it up, I saw a salesperson who was immersed in reading a novel, and was getting excited. I asked her if she had any pencils for sale, but she said no without raising her head.I lowered my head and looked into the glass cabinet...Look, there are obviously many pens of the kind I want in it, so don't comrades have pens here?The salesperson stood up impatiently, took out a pen and threw it on the counter, without saying a price, just looked down at her novel... Comrades, I said this is not a nonsense, you guys Admit it or not?But with such a business attitude and service level, how could it be possible for the operators in other small commodity shopping malls not to overwhelm you?Let me tell you, if you don’t change your problems, the dignified state-owned and collective units are overwhelmed and squeezed out by small businessmen, and you deserve it! What the secretary said made those people who were upright just now lower their heads with red faces. But the problem is far from that simple. People from other places know that Zhejiang has a famous specialty product, Jinhua ham, which is well-known both at home and abroad.In fact, the real birthplace of Jinhua ham is Yiwu.After Xie Gaohua let the farmers do business and markets, several farmers in Fotang Town, which has traditional crafts, set up Tianxin Ham Factory.The news spread that the provincial, prefectural, and county food companies quit, and found the county party committee to insist on closing down the ham factory run by farmers in Fotang. right to participate.Xie Gaohua was very angry when he heard it, and said: Jinhua ham was created by the people of Jinhua, not by the food company.Farmers created ham, how can there be no reason for the right to process ham?As for the quality of private ham processing and product export, as long as the relevant requirements are met and the plan above is followed! Secretary Xie, what you say is tantamount to indulging farmers in undermining national policies, and we cannot agree.If you don't order them to close the factory, we will go to the province and the central government to sue you!The visitor is not kind, and tit for tat.But they ran into a county party secretary who was never afraid for the benefit of the people. Tell me what you want, but let me order the farmers' processing factories to be shut down, even if I am dismissed, I will not do it!Xie Gaohua answered firmly. History is such a ruthless judge.Let us make an assumption.If, more than ten years ago, Xie Gaohua had not single-handedly opened the door for the individual economy, and single-handedly turned the tide and withstood the pressure from all sides, would Yiwu be known as the No. 1 city in China today?Can it surprise China and the world today? Won't.The 640,000 Yiwu people told me clearly. However, Xie Gaohua, who has gone through vicissitudes and is still living a civilian life today, said this: At that time, when there were no specific regulations on opening up and developing a market economy, the county party committee and the county government, according to the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party, The ideological line of seeking truth from facts, starting from the reality of Yiwu, dares to take risks, allows individual economy, and develops small commodity markets. This is not the credit of any leader, but the blood of Yiwu people inherited from their ancestors. It is due to the spirit of being the first in the world, daring to tell the truth and doing practical things! Yes, in terms of natural conditions and geographical advantages, Yiwu has nothing to compare with counties and cities in open coastal areas. Even in Zhejiang and Jinhua, Yiwu has no innate advantages over others. It happened to go first on the open road, and it walked so valiantly and with high spirits!It's hard to imagine, and it's impossible without enough mental strength and fearless courage. Dare to explore and practice has been the nature of Yiwu people since ancient times.When I set foot on this hot land, I realized that the author of the poem "Goose, Goose, Goose, Flying to the Sky, White Feather Floating Green Water, Red Palms Playing the Waves" was actually from Yiwu when I was a child. He is King Luo Bin, known as one of the Four Heroes of the early Tang Dynasty.Back in the day, King Luo Bin tried to see in today's domain, who actually called for martial arts in the world, which shocked the Wu family's court and then became a masterpiece through the ages.Perhaps it is Luo Binwang's unyielding arrogance that makes modern Yiwu outstanding. The first translator of the Chinese version of "Communist Manifesto", famous linguist Chen Wangdao, revolutionary literary theorist Feng Xuefeng, outstanding historian Mr. Wu Han, are all from Yiwu. When I came to Yiwu for the first time, the whole country commemorated the 20th anniversary of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Deng Xiaoping Theory, as the guiding ideology of the Chinese Communists in the new historical period, has now been written into the party constitution. Write the constitution of the country.This is where the hearts of the people and the soul of the country belong.What is the core of Deng Xiaoping Theory?Yes, it is advocating seeking truth from facts and taking the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics. What is socialism with Chinese characteristics?What is true socialism?Comrade Deng Xiaoping and his theories have found scientific, accurate and groundbreaking answers to the above questions.Any truth and historical experience needs practice to check.The value of a philosopher of truth lies in its initial sensitivity and discovery.When history has left the end of the 20th century today, we look back and see that Yiwu people took the lead in the country more than ten years ago and created the small commodity market dominated by self-employment. You will be shocked to find that Feng Aiqian, Xie Gaohua and others, What an amazing thing to do at that time!As I write this, I have to write about another person in Yiwu. He is the descendant of King Luo Bin and Feng Zhilai, a descendant of Feng Xuefeng's clan. Feng Zhilai has almost no direct relationship with the current market in Yiwu. From the time when Feng Aiqian and the others set up a stall on the closed road in Chouzhou to the socialist market economy in Yiwu that is blooming everywhere today, Feng Zhilai is just an enthusiastic and calm bystander and thinker. He also published a monograph "Xingshi Biangu Ji" on the thinking and development of Yiwu market, but he is one of the extraordinary figures who first put forward the theory of Chinese-style socialism.Just as the peasant market economy in Yiwu, known as the No. 1 city in China today, is unbelievable to the people of the country, an ordinary commoner, Feng Zhilai, wrote Deng Xiaoping Theory in 1962 more than 30 years ago. Two works, "Semi-Socialism" and "Why", have extremely consistent content. What was the historical stage of China in 1962?It was a special period when the Anti-Rightist Movement and the Great Leap Forward were coming to an end, and ultra-left ideological trends and serious natural disasters were hitting the land of China again.The People's Republic has been going through ups and downs and turbulence for more than ten years. Although the people have turned themselves into masters, the body of the country and the hearts of the people have left thousands of scars.What is socialism?Where and how will socialism go?These questions, which seem to have been defined one by one by the leaders of the Chinese Communist Party, have time and time again made those philosophers who are good at thinking and exploring have doubts.A 27-year-old Yiwu youth who grew up in a remote rural area of ​​Zhejiang, where there are no philosophical disputes but only poverty and constant surveillance, wrote the six characters "Semi-Socialism" under a dim kerosene lamp. On "What?Is there still a half of socialism? Yes, this young man in Yiwu, who had just been stripped of his rightist hat, faced the harsh realities that were shocking and pierced the hearts of the people. The path of peace, the eradication of exploitation and poverty, and a prosperous and happy socialist society.Therefore, after the land reform, we began to gradually realize the socialist industrialization of the country, and gradually realized the socialist transformation of agriculture, handicrafts and capitalist industry and commerce, which brought prosperity and development to our country.But in recent years, after acting in accordance with the set of methods we have created, the smile that just hung on the faces of the Chinese people who have suffered a lot of disasters has to sit in its confinement... In a word: China cannot pass capital It has been demonstrated a long time ago, but it is impossible for it to enter socialism immediately.The construction of socialism can be completed only through a relatively long stage of development of semi-socialism.This is determined by the state of China's productive forces. It is determined by China's subjective and objective historical conditions. No one can violate this law of economic development. I saw that the original text of Feng Zhilai's "On Semi-Socialism" was written thirty years after he wrote it today.Today is a good age. Today, through the exploration of the road of socialism for half a century, we Communists have come to an important conclusion: what our country is doing at this stage is the primary stage of socialism, and this primary stage will take a long, long time. long history.Smart people will naturally find out that when we carefully read the report made by General Secretary Jiang Zemin at the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the spirit of the resolution on amending the Constitution made by the National People's Congress, do you feel why the 30 The semi-socialist theory discussed by Feng Zhilai from Yiwu many years ago is so similar to the theory of the primary stage of socialism that our party talks about today! Yes, in terms of its spiritual essence, Feng Zhilai's semi-socialist concept can be said to be exactly the same as the theory of the primary stage of socialism that we often talk about today.This is why Feng Zhilai is so great.Otherwise, such a small person like him would not have become one of the two semi-household theorists mentioned by Mao Zedong and entered the special annals of China's rural socialist revolution and construction. More than 30 years ago, Chinese society was in a period of catastrophic history. The Chinese Communists represented by Mao Zedong had many confused and confused theories and practices about what socialism was and how to implement socialism, resulting in social and people's livelihood crises.It was against this background that Feng Zhilai, a native of Yiwu, began to re-discover the truth. He lived at the bottom of society and had a keen sense of the lives of farmers and common people. A deeper and more immediate understanding of the catastrophic consequences ofHe inherited the blood of uprightness from his ancestor King Luo Bin, and learned the courageous spirit of dedicating himself to the truth from his uncle Feng Xuefeng, so he tirelessly reported a shocking story to the party he loved all his life under difficult conditions unimaginable by ordinary people. The net text - our party has recently committed the problem of subjectivism and impetuosity. Not only did it implement full-scale cooperatives when the productive forces could not provide complete sets of agricultural machinery for agriculture, but it also used methods of increasing grain purchases and balancing farmers' property, To develop industry, thereby destroying the unity of productive forces and production relations. So where is the way out? I think that household contracting is indeed the only way out.Some people think that this is the bourgeois line, the restoration of capitalism, the restoration of the small peasant economy, and working alone.I say it's sheer posturing to frighten people.It is true that contracting production to households is essentially doing it alone and engaging in the production of small commodities.But it is independent work and small commodity production under the dictatorship of the proletariat in the People's Republic of China. It is independent work and small commodity production under the premise of state-owned land.Is this exactly the same as petty commodity production in feudal society and capitalist society?Does anyone see that his father has a nose and think that the man with the nose is his father? It should be concluded that the only way at present is to implement small commodity production under the scope of socialism, allowing farmers to operate independently, and allowing the vendors and handicrafts that serve them to operate independently... This is done entirely from the current situation in China. The starting point of stage productivity is entirely to mobilize the labor consciousness of farmers, to solve the problem of food and clothing for 600 million people, and to curb the signs of usury in rural areas and prevent class differentiation.This is the voice of the 600 million people!The voice of the Chinese nation!It is absolutely necessary to consolidate the worker-peasant alliance and the people's democratic state! Listen, have the Chinese people heard it? Oh, Yiwu people, I am so proud of you!Imagine that more than 30 years ago, some people stood up and spoke out for the small commodity market that you later developed by contracting production on a household basis!A wise philosopher always sees others.在激动地读着冯志来当年写下的《半社会主义论》原稿时，我一遍又一遍地思考着，假如历史允许有一种这样的假设一当年义乌人就按照冯志来所疾呼的包产到户、搞小商品市场，那今天的义乌是不是就可以同新加坡比个高低了？假设毛泽东同志也听进了冯志来的一声疾呼，后来的文革是不是就可能避免？整个中国的发展是不是比现在要强上十倍、二十倍呢？However, none of what we assumed happened in real life.But Feng Zhilai, an unyielding and tough guy, did a bookish move, and ended up with decades of hard labor. He also angered Mao Zedong and implicated Feng Xuefeng... 1962年4月底的一日，就在《半社会主义论》完稿一周之时，冯志来满怀壮志，带着口袋中仅有的农业局补发的160元工资，踏上了北去的列车。Of course, he still has the most important thing on him, which is the manuscript of "On Semi-Socialism" written by him after months of painstaking efforts and several revisions.为了能让最高层的决策者和舆论界重视，他特意抄了三份，每一份前面都附了一个便笺，上面引用了文天祥就义前的名句：人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青，如骨鲠在喉，一吐为快，不计生死的壮志。两天之后，他来到北京前门的一家小旅馆住下，随即分别将文稿送至中共中央、《红旗杂志》和《人民日报》。 you?一个兽医竟大谈政治？在中共中央办公厅的信访处，一位年轻干部不屑一顾地扫了一眼冯志来递上的文稿，然后不无轻蔑地说：下面刮五风的情况，中央已经知道了，你就去干好自己的工作，啊？ Feng Zhilai looked at that very naive face with a pretentious face, and his heart suddenly felt unexplainable, but what else could he say?同志来当时丼不知道，眼前的这位中央办公厅信访科的跑腿、就是后来在文革中出尽风头的戚本禹。 回到故乡后，冯志来一直天真地期待上面或者在人民日报、红旗杂志上能把他的文章刊登出来，或者派人来征求意见什么的，可一等几十天如同石沉大海，他周围的农民兄弟们依然狂热地举着旗帜，在进行着所谓的小葱拌豆腐的社会主义革命和建设，更使他不能置之不理的是他一直热心关注的安徽省包产到户经验也开始被批判，被解散了。So after more than two months of no one paying attention to his "On Semi-Socialism", Feng Zhilai couldn't suppress the anxiety in his heart, and challenged the authority with a sharper pen. 我这篇文章是为了修正与补充《半社会主义论》一文的。都是献给共产党内的同志们看，献给革命者看的。所以我不想隐瞒自己的观点，因为那是懦者的表现，不是老实态度。为了革命的利益，为了国家民族的利益，我觉得在困难关头，人人都应该挺身而出，去挑几斤担子。任何明哲保身或袖手旁观的自由主义态度，都不是革命者所应有的，它有负于天下苍生，有负于人民期望。为此，不管本文怎样触动权威，都希望同志们耐心读下去冯志来为这篇取名为《怎么办》的文章，让革命的同志读些什么呢？我们不妨找出原文看一看：我们0前的困难是怎样造成的？错在哪里？人们往往以自然灾害和五风来加以回答，但是除非政治上的庸人，都不难认识，夫灾是次要的，五风仅仅是社会生活的反映的五种表面现象，实质是左倾错误……人民要求对他们每一个人息息相关的、像汪洋大海一样的、对于我国命运有着决定意义的广大农村采取正确路线和策略。为此，我们依照马列主义普遍真理，根据当前的实际情况……这就是说，首先承认中国经济发展之不平衡，及社会主义改革和社会主义建设之长期性。对于那些确实增了产已经形成集体生产之物质条件已基本成熟的先进地区，应全力巩固和发展集体经营。另一方面，对集体经营条件还没有成熟的地区，应当在现有人民公社土地集体所有的基础上，实行按口粮基分，包产到户。对于缺少劳力或遭天灾人祸无法独立经营的少部分赤贫户，可根据他们自愿，另行组织贫困队，在国家扶持下实行集体经营。即使他们自愿包产到户，也应该帮助他们实行各种形式的互助。这样，我们抓住了先进地区一头，又抓住了农村中贫困落后的一头……最大限度地使用人力物力，就能够加速国民经济的恢复…… 冯志来这回又同样将文稿一式三份寄至中共中央、红旗杂志和人民日报，只是为吸取上次杳无音信的教训，想了个小聪明：在署名处加了！冯雪峰侄儿几个字。He knew that the uncle of the same family was a celebrity, and it was easy to attract the attention of relevant people.这一招还真被冯志来想对了，不过大右派冯雪峰早在毛泽东那儿挂上了号，在看到冯志来写的《半社会主义论》和《怎么办》的文稿后，便有了后来毛泽东见浙江省委书记时，声色俱厉地说你们浙江工作没多少起色，包产到户的理论家却出了两个半。Feng Zhilai can be regarded as one of Mao Zedong's words. 后来的结局可以想象到，不久中央召开八届十中全会，千万不要忘记阶级斗争就是此次全会上提出的，冯志来从此被打人十八层地狱。Until 1980, he wrote to Hu Yaobang, and finally he was completely rehabilitated in October 1983.此时正值好官谢高华在义乌当县委书记，他读完当年冯志来写的《半社会主义》和《怎么办》，拍案叫绝：这是个人才呀！不几日，谢高华把冯志来从兽医岗位调进了县委机关3几年来，冯志来成了义乌市经济研究中心负责人，直至1998年退休。而这段时间，正是义乌农民联产承包，个体经济蓬勃发展，小商品市场逐渐形成的时期，冯志来不曾想到的是，30年前他在受监视管制的茅拥油灯下畅想的半社会主义理论，不仅如涓涓小溪流进了邓小平理论这条大江之中，而且就在自己的家乡，父老乡亲们依靠劳动和智慧，取得了市场经济的卓越成就。 在一派繁花如锦、商意浓浓的社会主义初级阶段的蒸蒸曰上的景象面前，冯志来这位当了几十年的深沉哲人，诗兴大发。