Chapter 39 Chapter Twenty

In 1949, the People's Republic of China was founded, and Mao Zedong solemnly declared to the world that the Chinese people had stood up since then.Indeed, the founding of new China has brought unprecedented dawn to our nation.However, from an objective historical analysis, we should admit that the reason why the Chinese people were able to stand up should be said to have experienced the destruction of opium in Humen starting from the Opium War in 1840, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Boxer Movement, and Sun Yat-sen's Revolution of 1911, as well as the first and third revolutions. The Second Domestic Revolutionary Struggle, the Northern Expedition, the Anti-Japanese War of the whole nation, and other struggles that have never stopped before standing up.Undoubtedly, the struggle led by the Communist Party of China to destroy the three mountains of imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic capitalism is the most magnificent and thorough revolutionary struggle.Well, the establishment of the new Chinese government, especially the fact that the new government can operate in a short period of time, is not something that the Communists can achieve by issuing orders with a few slogans.If the new government does not have the huge material and natural wealth left by our ancestors for thousands of years, and does not take over the many messes of the old government at that time, even though it is decayed and outdated, then our republic will not be able to develop to what it is today. A strong point.

A career in geological sciences is a prominent example. From the first geological academic work written by Mr. Lu Xun at the beginning of this century, to Zhang Hongzhao presiding over the first government geological department in the National Provisional Government of Sun Yat-sen in 1912, to the establishment of the first geological survey and scientific research institution by Ding Wenjiang and Weng Wenhao in 1913 In the forty years before the founding of New China in 1949, Zhang Hongzhao, Ding Wenjiang, Weng Wenhao, including Li Siguang, as well as Huang Jiqing, Xie Jiarong, Li Chunyu and a large number of pioneers and masters in geological undertakings, have been A world-class geological science has been established in China.Although under the rule of the old government, they found not many mines and mines that could be used to support the development of national industry, but in terms of academics and scientific prospecting theory and direction, they are not only mature, but also in the lead. The leading position of international counterparts.After liberation, we developed a large number of famous steel and energy bases in Anshan, Datong, Huaibei, Baotou, Panzhihua, Yumen, Daqing, etc., some of which were not discovered or pointed out by geologists before liberation !Including the Tarim Oilfield, which was only developed in the late 1980s, Huang Jiqing clearly pointed out in 1942 that the future prospect of the oilfield here is encouraging.There are well-trapped formations here, and enough oil fields to produce on a large scale, and there is hope for better plays at depth.Including Li Siguang's theory of geomechanics, originally started in the 1920s of the 20th century.His foundational work on geomechanics, Foundations and Methods of Geomechanics, was published in 1945.Li Siguang's other famous discovery of Quaternary glaciers in China was more than ten years earlier than this.

It can almost be considered as follows: the formation and development of China’s geological sciences in the 20th century basically completed its arduous mission of research and exploration in the first half century, while in the second half century our Republic was well united. And give full play to the role of these intellectuals, and under the guidance of their mature scientific ideas, complete the development and practice process of one mineral resource base after another. One is not a historical materialist who does not count the achievements of the predecessors. Forgetting the role of history is not a true Marxist-Leninist.

In terms of geoscience talents and geological scientific research institutions, the new Chinese government has almost taken over all the people from the old government.Before the founding of the Republic, the total number of people engaged in geological science work in China was less than 200 people.The research institutions are mainly a central geological survey institute and more than a dozen provincial geological survey institutes under it, plus the Institute of Geology of the Central Academy of Sciences led by Li Siguang. Almost all of these two hundred individuals and several scientific research institutions stayed in the mainland at the historical turning point when the Kuomintang reactionaries fled to Taiwan. The Ministry of Geology, its main technical backbone and main leaders are all this group of people.

In order to preserve the institution intact and welcome the founding of New China, these two hundred or so geological scientists waged epic struggles against Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang reactionary government.Among them, the most noteworthy is the epic struggle of Huang Jiqing's friend, Professor Li Chunyu, who was the director at the time, and others to protect the Central Geological Survey. At the end of 1948, during the three major battles of Liaoshen, Huaihai, and Pingjin, the People's Liberation Army came to the city of Nanjing.The Kuomintang Nanjing government was terrified and ordered all agencies to evacuate quickly.Director Li Chunyu, because he often secretly listened to the Communist Party's radio broadcasts, did not want to evacuate with Chiang Kai-shek's old government.However, under the nose of the Kuomintang presidential palace, it is not an easy task to keep the full set of personnel of a complete scientific research institution with international reputation.This requires courage, but also courage.Li Chunyu found Yin Zanxun, Hou Defeng, Xie Jiarong and other veterans of the investigation institute, including Shangtong.Everyone agrees: to stay firmly and not to go with Chiang Kai-shek.Huang Jiqing was investigating abroad at the time, and Li Chunyu was unable to contact him.Time was getting tighter day by day, and the Kuomintang government called again and again to urge them. Later, the secret agents of the Central Command and Military Command also infiltrated the investigation station to act as eyes and ears.Faced with such a situation, Li Chunyu and others dealt with the enemy tactfully.At that time, in order to keep the organization, even the hundreds of family members of the employees could not reveal any clues. Another very real problem was that it was necessary to ensure that the life of the employees and their families was maintained under the circumstances of chaos and cut-off of funds. The difficulty was not small.Later, Li Chunyu borrowed two truckloads of 8,000 catties of rice from Sun Yueqi, an old friend who is the director of the Government Resources Committee, and mobilized everyone to stockpile oil, salt, pickles, etc., first of all to calm people's hearts.But at a time when the national government agencies are withdrawing in large numbers, it is obviously too eye-catching that the Geological Survey Institute is the only one not withdrawing.what to do?At this time, the Executive Yuan of the National Government, where Sun Ke was the president, had moved to Guangzhou, and the Minister of Economic Affairs in charge of the Geological Survey Institute called and sent people to urge Li Chunyu to move every three days.It is impossible to hide the truth and stay on hold, and Li Chunyu knows that his boss and two government officials are too familiar with the inside information of the Geological Survey Institute. If it is less than four, then the whole plan will be in vain.These two people are Sun Yueqi and Weng Wenhao.Soon after, Sun became the Minister of Economy and was directly in charge of the Geological Survey Institute.Weng Wenhao was Sun Ke's former president of the Executive Yuan of the National Government, and the grand master who founded the Geological Survey Institute with Ding Wenjiang, and his control over the institute was far greater than that of Li Chunyu.Li Chunyu knew that if he wanted to keep the Geological Survey Institute, he had to get past these two gods first.When Li found Sun, Sun smiled first, and then pulled him into the back room, saying, "To tell you the truth, I am also preparing to stay in the mainland." Sun Yueqi did stay and has been serving the new China.When Li Chunyu came out of Sun's house, he saw the sun was shining for a long time.Later, he went to the residence of Weng Wenhao who was about to leave Nanjing.At that time, Weng Wenhao said with great emotion: "I was listed as a war criminal by the Communist Party, ranking fifth. It is impossible not to avoid it for a while." Li asked: "Could it be that Mr. Jiang will go to Taiwan with Jiang?" Weng shook his head, very disappointed Xindi: "I have worked under Jiang for so many years. If I have any achievements, I can only talk about geology and mines. Other things are not worth talking about. I am not that kind of material to be an official. It's okay to go to a small place over there. I'm not interested in the other things. Let nature take its course!"

"Sir, what do you think if we leave the survey station?" Li, like Huang Jiqing, is Weng Wenhao's favorite student and old subordinate. This mentor and founder is very much needed.But Li Chunyu kept beating drums in his heart, what if the old man disagreed?Weng Wenhao seemed to see the student's mind, so he told him very clearly: "You are right not to leave. Those who do scientific work will not be killed when the Communist Party comes!" Li Chunyu left Weng's mansion with tears in his eyes. On the eve before the People's Liberation Army marched into Nanjing, Li Chunyu organized several confidantes to rent a few houses in Changsha and hung up the signboard of the temporary office of the Central Geological Survey to hide their eyes. , just in case. On April 23, 1949, Nanjing was liberated, and the Central Geological Survey Institute of the old government, the largest geological institution in the country at that time, returned to the hands of the people intact.

On August 19, 1949, the Finance Committee of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China, which had not yet been formally established, issued the No. 1 Order of Finance and Economics, placing this geological survey institute under the leadership of the Planning Bureau of the Finance and Economics Committee. On August 25, 1950, the Central People's Government established the first geological work organization in New China - the China Geological Work Planning Steering Committee.Huang Jiqing, Li Chunyu and most of the staff of the former Central Geological Survey were appointed as members of this committee. He went abroad in 1948 and stayed in the UK. Li Siguang, who returned to China in the first half of 1950, took the top chair of the committee.The deputy directors are Yin Zanxun and Xie Jiarong. Zhang Hongzhao, a 73-year-old veteran of Chinese geology, was hired as a consultant.

Weng Wenhao, who was included in the list of war criminals, is currently living in exile in France.Half a year later, he returned to the motherland under the care of Zhou Enlai.Because of Weng's special status in the Kuomintang government, he never returned to his beloved geological career after returning to China.Huang Jiqing once suggested to the central government that Wengdang Geological Library be appointed as the director, but was not agreed.Hou Weng has been engaged in united front work. In December 1954, he was elected as a member of the Second National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. In 1956, he served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee. On January 27, 1971, died of illness in Beijing at the age of 81.